California Code of Regulations
Title 24, Part 9
California Building
Standards Commission
Based on the 2009 International Fire Code®
EFFECTIVE DATE: January 1, 2011
(For Errata and supplements, See History Note Appendix)
Public Domain: U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, 99-40632
2010 California Fire Code
California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 9
First Printing: June 2010
ISBN 978-1-58001-977-4
Publication Date: June 2010
Copyright © 2010
Held by
California Building Standards Commission
2525 Natomas Park Drive, Suite 130
Sacramento, CA 95833-2936
ALL RIGHTS RESERVEDThis 2010 California Fire Code contains substantial copyrighted material from the 2009 International Fire Code, which is a copyrighted work owned by the International Code Council, Inc. Without advance written permission from the copyright owner, no part of this book may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means, including, without limitation, electronic, optical or mechanical means (by way of example and not limitation, photocopying, or recording by or in an information storage retrieval system). For information on permission to copy material exceeding fair use, please contact: Publications, 4051 West Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, IL 60478. Phone 1-888-ICC-SAFE (422-7233).
Trademarks: “International Code Council,” the “International Code Council” logo and the “International Fire Code” are trademarks of the International Code Council, Inc.
PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.
This document is Part 9 of 12 parts of the official triennial compilation and publication of the adoptions, amendments and repeal of administrative regulations to California Code of Regulations, Title 24, also referred to as the California Building Standards Code.This part is known as the California Fire Code.
The California Building Standards Code is published in its entirety every three years by order of the California legislature, with supplements published in intervening years. The California legislature delegated authority to various state agencies, boards, commissions and departments to create building regulations to implement the State’s statutes. These building regulations or standards, have the same force of law, and take effect 180 days after their publication unless otherwise stipulated. The California Building Standards Code applies to occupancies in the State of California as annotated.
A city, county, or city and county may establish more restrictive building standards reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological or topographical conditions. Findings of the local condition(s) and the adopted local building standard(s) must be filed with the California Building Standards Commission to become effective and may not be effective sooner than the effective date of this edition of the California Building Standards Code. Local building standards that were adopted and applicable to previous editions of the California Building Standards Code do not apply to this edition without appropriate adoption and the required filing.
Should you find publication (e.g. typographical) errors or inconsistencies in this code or wish to offer comments toward improving its format, please address your comments to:
California Building Standards Commission
2525 Natomas Park Drive, Suite 130
Sacramento, CA 95833-2936
Phone: (916) 263-0916
FAX: (916) 263-0959
Web Page: www.bsc.ca.gov
The 2010 California Building Standards Code (Code) was developed through the outstanding collaborative efforts of the Department of Housing and Community Development, the Division of State Architect, the Office of the State Fire Marshal, the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, the California Energy Commission, and the Building Standards Commission (Commission).
This collaborative effort included the assistance of the Commission’s Code Advisory Committees and many other volunteers that worked tirelessly to assist the Commission in the production of this Code.
Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger
Members of the Building Standards Commission
Acting Secretary Tom Sheehy-Chair
Isam Hasenin-Vice-Chair
James Barthman
Craig Daley
Susan Dowty
Tony Hoffman
Christina Jamison
Stephen Jensen
Michael Paravagna
Richard Sawhill
Steven Winkel
David Walls-Executive Director
Thomas Morrison-Deputy Executive Director
For question on California State agency amendments, please refer to the contact list on the following page.
California Energy Commission | |
Energy Hotline | (800) 772-3300 or(916) 654-5106 |
Building Efficiency Standards | |
Appliance Efficiency Standards | |
Compliance Manual/Forms | |
California State Lands Commission | |
Marine Oil Terminals | (562) 499-6317 |
California State Library | |
Resources and Information | (916) 654-0261 |
Government Publication Section | (916) 654-0069 |
Corrections Standards Authority | |
Local Adult Jail Standards | (916) 324-1914 |
Local Juvenile Facility Standards | (916) 624-1914 |
Department of Consumer Affairs- Acupuncture Board | |
Office Standards | (916) 445-3021 |
Department of Consumer Affairs- Board of Pharmacy | |
Pharmacy Standards | (916) 574-7900 |
Department of Consumer Affairs-Bureau of Barbering And Cosmetology | |
Barber and Beauty Shop and College Standards | (916) 574-7570 (800) 952-5210 |
Department of Consumer Affairs-Bureau of Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation | |
Insulation Testing Standards | (916) 574-2041 |
Department of Consumer Affair-Structural Pest Control Board | |
Structural Standards | (800) 737-8188 (916) 561-8708 |
Department of Consumer Affairs-Veterinary Medical Board | |
Veterinary Hospital Standard | (916) 263-2610 |
Department of Food and Agriculture | |
Meat and Poultry Packing Plant Standards | (916) 654-1447 |
Dairy Standards | (916) 654-1447 |
Department of Public Health | |
Organized Camps Standards | (916) 449-5661 |
Public Swimming Pools Standards | (916) 449-5693 |
Asbestos Standards | (510) 620-2874 |
Department of Housing and Community Development | |
Residential-Hotels, Motels, Apartments, Single-Family Dwellings | (916) 445-9471 |
Permanent Structures in Mobilehome and Special Occupancy Parks | (916) 445-9471 |
Factory-Built Housing, Manufactured Housing and Commercial Modular | (916) 445-3338 |
Mobilehomes - Permits and Inspections | |
Northern Region | (916) 225-2501 |
Southern Region | (916) 782-4420 |
Employee Housing Standards | (916) 445-9471 |
Department of Water Resources | |
Gray Water Installations Standards | (916) 651-9667 |
Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance | |
Access Compliance Standards | (916) 445-8100 |
Division of the State Architect - Structural Safety | |
Public Schools Standards | (916) 445-8100 |
Essential Services Building Standards | (916) 445-8100 |
Community College Standards | (916) 445-8100 |
Division of the State Architect-State Historical Building Safety Board | |
Alternative Building Standards | (916) 445-8100 |
Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development | |
Hospital Standards | (916) 440-8409 |
Skilled Nursing Facility Standards | (916) 440-8409 |
Clinic Standards | (916) 440-8409 |
Permits | (916) 440-8409 |
Office of the State Fire Marshal | |
Code Development and Analysis | (916) 445-8200 |
Fire Safety Standards | (916) 445-8200 |
Fireplace Standards | (916) 445-8200 |
Day-Care Centers Standards | (916) 445-8200 |
Exit Standards | (916) 445-8200 |
To distinguish between model code language and the incorporated California amendments, including exclusive California standards, California amendments will appear in italics.
[SFM] This symbol within a section identifies which State agency(s), by its “acronym,” has amended a section of the model code.
BSC | California Building Standards Commission |
SFM | Office of the State Fire Marshal |
HCD | Department of Housing and Community Development |
DSA-AC | Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance |
DSA-SS | Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety |
DSA-SS/CC | Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety/Community Colleges |
OSHPD | Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development |
CSA | Corrections Standards Authority |
DPH | Department of Public Health |
AGR | Department of Food and Agriculture |
CEC | California Energy Commission |
CA | Department of Consumer Affairs: |
Board of Barbering and Cosmetology | |
Board of Examiners in Veterinary Medicine | |
Board of Pharmacy | |
Acupuncture Board | |
Bureau of Home Furnishings | |
Structural Pest Control Board | |
SL | State Librarian |
SLC | State Lands Commission |
DWR | Department of Water Resources |
Symbols in the margins indicate the status of code changes as follows:
This symbol indicates that a change has been made to a California amendment.
This symbol indicates California deletion of California language.
Format of the California Matrix Adoption Tables
The matrix adoption tables, which follow, show the user which state agencies have adopted and/or amended given sections of the model code. The building application determines which state agency’s adoptions apply. See Sections 102 through 114 for building applications and enforcement responsibilities.
Agencies are grouped together, based on either local or state enforcement responsibilities. For example, regulations from SFM are enforced both at the state and local levels; therefore, SFM is listed twice in each adoption table indicating state enforcement responsibilities and local enforcement responsibilities.
The side headings identify the scope of state agencies’ adoption as follows:
Adopt the entire IFC chapter without state amendments.
If there is an “X” under a particular state agency’s acronym on this row; this means that particular state agency has adopted the entire model code chapter without any state amendments.
Example:
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CA | SL | SLC | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1-AC | AC | SS | SS/CC | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | S | A | M | P | L | E | |||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
Adopt the entire IFC chapter as amended, state-amended sections are listed below:
If there is an “X” under a particular state agency’s acronym on this row, it means that particular state agency has adopted the entire model code chapter; with state amendments.
Each state-amended section that the agency has added to that particular chapter is listed. There will be an “X” in the column, by that particular section, under the agency’s acronym, as well as an “X” by each section that the agency has adopted.
Example:
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CA | SL | SLC | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1-AC | AC | SS | SS/CC | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | S | A | M | P | L | E | |||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
202 | X |
Adopts only those sections that are listed below:
If there is an “X” under a particular state agency’s acronym on this row, it means that particular state agency is adopting only specific model code or state-amended sections within this chapter. There will be an “X” in the column under the agency’s acronym, as well as an “X” by each section that the agency has adopted.
Example:
Adopting Agency | BSC | DPH | CSA | SL | CA | DWR | AGR | CEC | DSA | HCD | OSHPD | SFM | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AC | SS | SS-CC | 1 | 2 | 1/AC | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||
[BSC] This symbol within a section identifies which State agency(s), by its “acronym,” has amended a section of the model code. | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | S | A | M | P | L | E | |||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Chapter 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
202 | S | A | M | P | L | E | X | X | |||||||||||
202 | C | O | N | T. | X | X | |||||||||||||
203 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
203 | X | X |
BSC | California Building Standards Commission |
SFM | Office of the State Fire Marshal |
HCD | Department of Housing and Community Development |
DSA-AC | Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance |
DSA-SS | Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety |
DSA-SS/CC | Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety/Community Colleges |
OSHPD | Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development |
CSA | Corrections Standards Authority |
DPH | Department of Public Health |
AGR | Department of Food and Agriculture |
CEC | California Energy Commission |
CA | Department of Consumer Affairs: |
Board of Barbering and Cosmetology | |
Board of Veterinary Medicine Examiners | |
Board of Pharmacy | |
Acupuncture Board | |
Bureau of Home Furnishings | |
Structural Pest Control Board | |
SL | State Library |
SLC | State Lands Commission |
DWR | Department of Water Resources |
The International Fire Code® (IFC ®) is a model code that regulates minimum fire safety requirements for new and existing buildings, facilities, storage and processes. The IFC addresses fire prevention, fire protection, life safety and safe storage and use of hazardous materials in new and existing buildings, facilities and processes. The IFC provides a total approach of controlling hazards in all buildings and sites, regardless of the hazard being indoors or outdoors.
The IFC is a design document. For example, before one constructs a building, the site must be provided with an adequate water supply for fire-fighting operations and a means of building access for emergency responders in the event of a medical emergency, fire or natural or technological disaster. Depending on the building’s occupancy and uses, the IFC regulates the various hazards that may be housed within the building, including refrigeration systems, application of flammable finishes, fueling of motor vehicles, high-piled combustible storage and the storage and use of hazardous materials. The IFC sets forth minimum requirements for these and other hazards and contains requirements for maintaining the life safety of building occupants, the protection of emergency responders, and to limit the damage to a building and its contents as the result of a fire, explosion or unauthorized hazardous material discharge.
Arrangement and Format of the 2009 IFC
Before applying the requirements of the IFC it is beneficial to understand its arrangement and format. The IFC, like other codes published by the International Code Council, is arranged and organized to follow sequential steps that generally occur during a plan review or inspection. The IFC is divided into eight different parts:
Chapters | Subjects |
---|---|
1-2 | Administration and definitions |
3-4 | General safety requirements |
5-10 | Building and site requirements |
11-26 and 45 | Special processes and uses |
27-44 | Hazardous materials |
46 | Construction requirements for existing buildings |
47 | Referenced Standards |
Appendices A-J | Appendices |
The IFC requirements for fire-resistive construction, interior finish, fire protection systems and means of egress are directly correlated to the requirements of the IBC. The following chapters of the IFC are correlated to the IBC:
Chapter | Subject |
---|---|
7 | Fire-resistance-rated construction |
8 | Interior finish, decorative materials and furnishings |
9 | Fire protection systems |
10 | Means of egress |
The following is a chapter-by-chapter synopsis of the scope and intent of the provisions of the International Fire Code:
Chapter 1 Scope and Administration. This chapter contains provisions for the application, enforcement and administration of subsequent requirements of the code. In addition to establishing the scope of the code, Chapter 1 identifies which buildings and structures come under its purview. Chapter 1 is largely concerned with maintaining “due process of law” in enforcing the regulations contained in the body of the code. Only through careful observation of the administrative provisions can the code official reasonably expect to demonstrate that “equal protection under the law” has been provided.
Chapter 2 Definitions. All terms that are defined in the code are listed alphabetically in Chapter 2. While a defined term may be used in one chapter or another, the meaning provided in Chapter 2 is applicable throughout the code.
Where understanding of a term’s definition is especially key to or necessary for understanding of a particular code provision, the term is show in italics wherever it appears in the code. This is true only for those terms that have a meaning that is unique to the code.
ixIn other words, the generally understood meaning of a term or phrase might not be sufficient or consistent with the meaning prescribed by the code; therefore, it is essential that the code-defined meaning be known.
Guidance regarding tense, gender and plurality of defined terms as well as guidance regarding terms not defined in this code are also provided.
Chapter 3 General Requirements. The open burning, ignition source, vacant building, miscellaneous storage and hazards to fire fighters requirements and precautions, among other general regulations, contained in this chapter are intended to improve premises safety for everyone, including construction workers, tenants, operations and maintenance personnel and emergency response personnel. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 302 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 4 Emergency Planning and Preparedness. This chapter addresses the human contribution to life safety in buildings when a fire or other emergency occurs. The requirements for continuous training and scheduled fire, evacuation and lockdown drills can be as important as the required periodic inspections and maintenance of built-in fire protection features. The level of preparation by the occupants also improves the emergency responder’s abilities during an emergency. The International Building Code® (IBC®) focuses on built-in fire protection features, such as automatic sprinkler systems, fire-resistance-rated construction and properly designed egress systems whereas this chapter fully addresses the human element. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 402 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 5 Fire Service Features. The requirements of this chapter apply to all buildings and occupancies and pertain to access roads; access to building openings and roofs; premises identification; key boxes; fire protection water supplies; fire command centers; fire department access to equipment and emergency responder radio coverage in buildings. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 502 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 6 Building Services and Systems. This chapter focuses on building systems and services as they relate to potential safety hazards and when and how and they should be installed. This chapter brings together all building system-and service-related issues for convenience and provides a more systematic view of buildings. The following buildings services and systems are addressed: fuel-fired appliances (Section 603), emergency and standby power systems (Section 604) electrical equipment, wiring and hazards (Section 605), mechanical refrigeration (Section 606), elevator recall and maintenance (Section 607), stationary storage battery systems (Section 608) and commercial kitchen hoods (Section 609). As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 602 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 7 Fire-resistance-rated Construction. The maintenance of assemblies required to be fire-resistance rated is a key component in a passive fire-protection philosophy. Chapter 7 sets forth requirements to maintain required fire-resistance ratings of building elements and limit fire spread. The required maintenance of fire-resistance-rated assemblies and opening protectives is described in Section 703 while Section 704 covers the enclosure requirements for shafts in existing buildings. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 702 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 8 Interior Finish, Decorative Materials and Furnishings. The overall purpose of Chapter 8 is to regulate interior finishes, decorative materials and furnishings in new and existing buildings so that they do not significantly add to or create fire hazards within buildings. The provisions tend to focus on occupancies with specific risk characteristics, such as vulnerability of occupants, density of occupants, lack of familiarity with the building and societal expectations of importance. This chapter is consistent with Chapter 8 of the International Building Code® (IBC®), which regulates the interior finishes of new buildings. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 802 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 9 Fire Protection Systems. Chapter 9 prescribes the minimum requirements for active systems of fire protection equipment to perform the functions of detecting a fire, alerting the occupants or fire department of a fire emergency, controlling smoke and controlling or extinguishing the fire. Generally, the requirements are based on the occupancy, the height and the area of the building, because these are the factors that most affect fire-fighting capabilities and the relative hazard of a specific building or portion thereof. This chapter parallels and is substantially duplicated in Chapter 9 of the International Building Code: however, this chapter also contains periodic testing criteria that are not contained in the IBC. In addition, the special fire protection system requirements based on use and occupancy found in Chapter 4 of the IBC are duplicated in Chapter 9 of the IFC as a user convenience. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 902 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 10 Means of Egress. The general criteria set forth in Chapter 10 regulating the design of the means of egress are established as the primary method for protection of people in buildings by allowing timely relocation or evacuation of building occupants. Both prescriptive and performance language is utilized in this chapter to provide for a basic approach in the determination of a safe existing system for all occupancies. It addresses all portions of the egress system (i.e., exit access, exits and exit discharge) and includes design requirements as well as provisions regulating individual components. The requirements detail the size, arrangement, number and protection of means of egress components. Functional and operational characteristics also are specified for the components that will permit their safe use without special knowledge or effort. The means of egress protection requirements work in coordination with other sections of the code, such as protection of vertical openings (see Chapter 7), interior finish (see Chapter 8), fire suppression and detection systems (see Chapter 9) and numerous others, all having an impact on life safety. Sections 1002 through 1029 are duplicated text from Chapter 10 of the IBC; however, the IFC contains an additional Section 1030 on maintenance of the means of egress system in
xexisting buildings. Retroactive minimum means of egress requirements for existing buildings are now found in Chapter 46. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 1002 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 11 Aviation Facilities. Chapter 11 specifies minimum requirements for the fire-safe operation of airports, heliports and helistops. The principal nonflight operational hazards associated with aviation involve fuel, facilities and operations. Therefore, safe use of flammable and combustible liquids during fueling and maintenance operations is emphasized. Availability of portable Class B:C-rated fire extinguishers for prompt control or suppression of incipient fires is required. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 1102 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 12 Dry Cleaning. The provisions of Chapter 12 are intended to reduce hazards associated with use of flammable and combustible dry cleaning solvents. These materials, like all volatile organic chemicals, generate significant quantities of static electricity and are thus readily ignitable. Many flammable and nonflammable dry cleaning solvents also possess health hazards when involved in a fire. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 1202 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 13 Combustible Dust-producing Operations. The requirements of Chapter 13 seek to reduce the likelihood of dust explosions by managing the hazards of ignitable suspensions of combustible dusts associated with a variety of operations including woodworking, mining, food processing, agricultural commodity storage and handling and pharmaceutical manufacturing, among others. Ignition source control and good housekeeping practices in occupancies containing dust-producing operations are emphasized. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 1302 contains a definition applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 14 Fire Safety During Construction and Demolition. This chapter outlines general fire safety precautions for all structures and all occupancies during construction and demolition operations. In general, these requirements seek to maintain required levels of fire protection, limit fire spread, establish the appropriate operation of equipment and promote prompt response to fire emergencies. Features regulated include fire protection systems, fire fighter access to the site and building, means of egress, hazardous materials storage and use and temporary heating equipment and other ignition sources.
Chapter 15 Flammable Finishes. Chapter 15 requirements govern operations where flammable or combustible finishes are applied by spraying, dipping, powder coating or flow-coating processes. As with all operations involving flammable or combustible liquids and combustible dusts or vapors, controlling ignition sources and methods of reducing or controlling flammable vapors or combustible dusts at or near these operations are emphasized. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 1502 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 16 Fruit and Crop Ripening. Chapter 16 provides guidance that is intended to reduce the likelihood of explosions resulting from improper use or handling of ethylene gas used for crop-ripening and coloring processes. This is accomplished by regulating ethylene gas generation; storage and distribution systems and controlling ignition sources. Design and construction of facilities for this use are regulated by the International Building Code to reduce the impact of potential accidents on people and buildings.
Chapter 17 Fumigation and Thermal Insecticidal Fogging. This chapter regulates fumigation and thermal insecticidal fogging operations which use toxic pesticide chemicals to kill insects, rodents and other vermin. Fumigants and thermal insecticidal fogging agents pose little hazard if properly applied; however, the inherent toxicity of all these agents and the potential flammability of some makes special precautions necessary when they are used. Requirements of this chapter are intended to protect both the public and fire fighters from hazards associated with these products. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 1702 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 18 Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities. The requirements of this chapter are intended to control hazards associated with the manufacture of electrical circuit boards or microchips, commonly called semiconductors. Though the finished product possesses no unusual hazards, materials commonly associated with semiconductor manufacturing are often quite hazardous and include flammable liquids; pyrophoric and flammable gases; toxic substances and corrosives. The requirements of this chapter are concerned with both life safety and property protection. However, the fire code official should recognize that the risk of extraordinary property damages is far more common than the risk of personal injuries from fire. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 1802 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 19 Lumber Yards and Woodworking Facilities. Provisions of this chapter are intended to prevent fires and explosions, facilitate fire control and reduce exposures to and from facilities storing, selling or processing wood and forest products, including sawdust, wood chips, shavings, bark mulch, shorts, finished planks, sheets, posts, poles, timber and raw logs and the hazard they represent once ignited. This chapter requires active and passive fire protection features to reduce on- and off-site exposures, limit fire size and development and facilitate fire fighting by employees and the fire service. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 1902 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 20 Manufacture of Organic Coatings. This chapter regulates materials and processes associated with the manufacture of paints as well as bituminous, asphaltic and other diverse compounds formulated to protect buildings, machines and objects from the effects of weather, corrosion and hostile environmental exposures. Paint for decorative, architectural and industrial uses comprises the bulk of organic coating production. Painting and processes related to the manufacture of nonflammable and noncombustible or water-based products are exempt from the provisions of this chapter. The application of organic coatings is covered by Chapter 15. Elimination of ignition sources, maintenance of fire protection equipment and isolation or segregation of hazardous operations are
xiemphasized. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2002 contains a definition applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 21 Industrial Ovens. This chapter addresses the fuel supply, ventilation, emergency shutdown equipment, fire protection and the operation and maintenance of industrial ovens, which are sometimes referred to as industrial heat enclosures or industrial furnaces. Compliance with this chapter is intended to reduce the likelihood of fires involving industrial ovens which are usually the result of the fuel in use or volatile vapors given off by the materials being heated or to manage the impact if a fire should occur. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2102 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 22 Motor Fuel-dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages. This chapter provides provisions that regulate the storage and dispensing of both liquid and gaseous motor fuels at public and private automotive, marine and aircraft motor fuel-dispensing facilities, fleet vehicle motor fuel-dispensing facilities and repair garages. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2202 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 23 High-piled Combustible Storage. This chapter provides guidance for reasonable protection of life from hazards associated with the storage of combustible materials in closely packed piles or on pallets, in racks or on shelves where the top of storage is greater than 12 feet in height. It provides requirements for identifying various classes of commodities; general fire and life safety features including storage arrangements, smoke and heat venting, fire department access and housekeeping and maintenance requirements. The chapter attempts to define the potential fire severity and, in turn, determine fire and life safety protection measures needed to control, and in some cases suppress, a potential fire. This chapter does not cover miscellaneous combustible materials storage regulated in Section 315. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2302 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 24 Tents and Other Membrane Structures. The requirements in this chapter are intended to protect temporary as well as permanent tents and air-supported and other membrane structures from fire by regulating structure location and access, anchorage, egress, heat-producing equipment, hazardous materials and operations, combustible vegetation, ignition sources, waste accumulation and requiring regular inspections and certifying continued compliance with fire safety regulations. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2402 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 25 Tire Rebuilding and Tire Storage. The requirements of Chapter 25 are intended to prevent or control fires and explosions associated with the remanufacture and storage of tires and tire by-products. Additionally, the requirements are intended to minimize the impact of indoor and outdoor tire storage fires by regulating pile volume and location, segregating the various operations, providing for fire department access and a water supply and controlling ignition sources.
Chapter 26 Welding and Other Hot Work. This chapter covers requirements for safety in welding and other types of hot work by reducing the potential for fire ignitions that usually result in large losses. Several different types of hot work would fall under the requirements found in Chapter 26, including both gas and electric are methods and any open-torch operations. Many of the activities of this chapter focus on the actions of the occupants. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2602 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 27 Hazardous Materials—General Provisions. This chapter contains the general requirements for all hazardous chemicals in all occupancies. Hazardous chemicals are defined as those that pose an unreasonable risk to the health and safety of operating or emergency personnel, the public and the environmental if not properly controlled during handling, storage, manufacture, processing, packaging, use, disposal or transportation. The general provisions of this chapter are intended to be companion provisions with the specific requirements of Chapters 28 through 44 regarding a given hazardous material. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2702 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 28 Aerosols. Chapter 28 addresses the prevention, control and extinguishment of fires and explosions in facilities where retail aerosol products are displayed or stored. It is concerned with both life safety and property protection from a fire; however, historically, aerosol product fires have caused property loss more frequently than loss of life. Requirements for storing aerosol products are dependent on the level of aerosol product, level of sprinkler protection, type of storage condition and quantity of aerosol products. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2802 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 29 Combustible Fibers. Chapter 29 established the requirements for storage and handling of combustible fibers, including animal, vegetable and synthetic fibers, Whether woven into textiles, baled, packaged or loose. Operations involving combustible fibers are typically associated with salvage, paper milling, recycling, cloth manufacturing, carpet and textile mills and agricultural operations, among others.
The primary hazard associated with these operations is the abundance of materials and their ready ignitability. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2902 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 30 Compressed Gases. This chapter regulates the storage, use and handling of all flammable and nonflammable compressed gases, such as those that are used in medical facilities, air separation plants, industrial plants, agricultural equipment and similar occupancies. Standards for the design, construction and marking of compressed gas cylinders and pressure vessels are referenced. Compressed gases used in welding and cutting, cryogenic liquids and liquefied petroleum gases are also regulated under Chapters 26, 32 and 38, respectively. Compressed gases that are classified as hazardous materials are also regulated in Chapter 27.
xiiwhich includes general requirements. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 3002 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 31 Corrosive Materials. Chapter 31 addresses the hazards of corrosive materials that have a destructive effect on living tissues. Though corrosive gases exist, most corrosive materials are solid and classified as either acids or bases (alkalis). These materials may pose a wide range of hazards other than corrosivity, such as combustibility, reactivity or oxidizing hazards, and must conform to the requirements of the code with respect to all their known hazards. The focus of this chapter is on materials whose primary hazard is corrosivity; that is, the ability to destroy or irreparably damage living tissue on contact. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 3102 contains a definition applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 32 Cryogenic Fluids. This chapter regulates the hazards associated with the storage, use and handling of cryogenic fluids through regulation of such things as pressure relief mechanisms and proper container storage. These hazards are in addition to the code requirements that address the other hazards of cryogenic fluids such as flammability and toxicity. These other characteristics are dealt with in Chapter 27 and other chapters, such as Chapter 35 dealing with flammable gases. Cryogens are hazardous because they are held at extremely low temperatures and high pressures. Many cryogenic fluids, however, are actually inert gases and would not be regulated elsewhere in the code. Cryogens are used for many applications but specifically have had widespread use in the biomedical field and in space programs. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 3202 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 33 Explosives and Fireworks. Reserved.
Chapter 34 Flammable and Combustible Liquids. The requirements of this chapter are intended to reduce the likelihood of fires involving the storage, handling, use or transportation of flammable and combustible liquids. Adherence to these practices may also limit damage in the event of an accidental fire involving these materials. These liquids are used for fuel, lubricants, cleaners, solvents, medicine and even drinking. The danger associated with flammable and combustible liquids is that the vapors from these liquids, when combined with air in their flammable range, will burn or explode at temperatures near our normal living and working environment. The protection provided by the code is to prevent the flammable and combustible liquids from being ignited. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 3402 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 35 Flammable Gases and Flammable Cryogenic Fluids. Chapter 35 sets requirements for the storage and use of flammable gases. For safety purposes, there is a limit on the quantities of flammable gas allowed per control area. Exceeding these limitations increases the possibility of damage to both property and individuals. The principal hazard posed by flammable gas is its ready ignitability, or even explosivity, when mixed with air in the proper proportions. Consequently, occupancies storing or handling large quantities of flammable gas are classified as Group H-2 (high hazard) by the International Building Code. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 3502 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 36 Flammable Solids. This chapter addresses general requirements for storage and handling of flammable solids, especially magnesium; however, it is important to note that several other solid materials, primarily metals including, but not limited to, such metals as titanium, zirconium, hafnium, calcium, zinc, sodium, lithium, potassium, sodium/potassium alloys, uranium, thorium, and plutonium which, under the right conditions, can be explosion hazards. Some of these metals are almost exclusively laboratory materials but because of where they are used, fire service personnel must be trained to handle emergency situations. Because uranium, thorium and plutonium are also radioactive materials, they present still more specialized problems for fire service personnel. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 3602 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 37 Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials. The main purpose of this chapter is to protect occupants, emergency responders and those in the immediate area of the building and facility from short-term, acute hazards associated with a release or general exposure to toxic and highly toxic materials. This chapter deals with all three states of toxic and highly toxic materials: solids, liquids and gases. The code does not address long-term exposure effects of these materials which are addressed by agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 3702 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 38 Liquefied Petroleum Gases. Chapter 38 establishes requirements for the safe handling, storing and use of LP-gas to reduce the possibility of damage to containers, accidental releases of LP-gas and exposure of flammable concentrations of LP-gas to ignition sources. LP-gas (notably Propane) is well known as a camping fuel for cooking, lighting, heating and refrigerating and also remains a popular standby fuel supply for auxiliary generators as well as being widely used as an alternative motor vehicle fuel. Its characteristic as a clean-burning fuel having resulted in the addition of propane dispensers to service stations throughout the country. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 3802 contains a definition applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 39 Organic Peroxides. This chapter addresses the hazards associated with the storage, handling and use of organic peroxides and intends to manage the fire and oxidation hazards of organic peroxides by preventing their uncontrolled release. These chemicals posses the characteristics of flammable or combustible liquids and are also strong oxidizers. This unusual combination of properties requires special storage and handling precautions to prevent uncontrolled release, contamination, hazardous chemical reaction, fires or explosions. The requirements of this chapter pertain to industrial applications in which significant quantities of organic peroxides are stored or used; however, smaller quantities of organic peroxides still pose a significant hazard and, therefore, must be stored and used in accordance with the applicable provisions of this chapter and Chapter 27. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 3902 contains a definition applicable to the chapter contents.
xiiiChapter 40 Oxidizers, Oxidizing Gases and Oxidizing Cryogenic Fluids. Chapter 40 addresses the hazards associated with solid, liquid, gaseous and cryogenic fluid oxidizing materials, including oxygen in home use, and establishes criteria for their safe storage and protection in indoor and outdoor storage facilities, minimizing the potential for uncontrolled releases and contact with fuel sources. Although oxidizers themselves do not burn, they pose unique fire hazards because of their ability to support combustion by breaking down and giving off oxygen. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 4002 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 41 Pyrophoric Materials. This chapter regulates the hazards associated with pyrophoric materials, which are capable of spontaneously igniting in the air at or below a temperature of 130°F (54°C). Many pyrophoric materials also pose severe flammability or reactivity hazards. This chapter addresses only the hazards associated with pyrophoric material. Materials the that pose multiple hazards must conform to the requirements of the code with respect to all hazards. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 4102 contains a definition applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 42 Pyroxylin (Cellulose Nitrate) Plastics. This chapter addresses the significant hazards associated with pyroxylin (cellulose nitrate) plastics, which are the most dangerous and unstable of all plastic compounds. The chemically bound oxygen in their structure permits them to burn vigorously in the absence of atmospheric oxygen at a rate 15 times greater than comparable common combustibles. Strict compliance with the provisions of this chapter, along with proper housekeeping and storage arrangements, help to reduce the hazards associated with pyroxylin (cellulose nitrate) plastics in a fire or other emergencies.
Chapter 43 Unstable (Reactive) Materials. This chapter addresses the hazards of unstable (reactive) liquid and solid materials as well as unstable (reactive) compressed gases. In addition to their unstable reactivity, these materials may pose other hazards, such as toxicity, corrosivity, explosivity, flammability or oxidizing potential. This chapter, however, intends to address those materials whose primary hazard is reactivity. Materials that pose multiple hazards must conform to the requirements of the code with respect to all hazards. Strict compliance with the provisions of this chapter, along with proper housekeeping and storage arrangements, help to reduce the exposure hazards associated with unstable (reactive) materials in a fire or other emergency. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 4302 contains a definition applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 44 Water-reactive Solids and Liquids. This chapter addresses the hazards associated with water-reactive materials that are solid or liquid at normal temperatures and pressures. In addition to their water reactivity, these materials may pose a wide range of other hazards, such as toxicity, flammability, corrosiveness or oxidizing potential. This chapter addresses only those materials whose primary hazard is water reactivity. Materials that pose multiple hazards must conform to the requirements of the code with respect to all hazards. Strict compliance with the requirements of this chapter, along with proper housekeeping and storage arrangements, help to reduce the exposure hazards associated with water-reactive materials in a fire or other emergency. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 4402 contains a definition applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 45 Marinas. Chapter 45 is a new chapter in the 2009 International Fire Code addressing the fire protection and prevention requirements for marinas. It was developed in response to the complications encountered by a number of fire departments responsible for the protection of marinas as well as fire loss history in marinas that lacked fire protection. Compliance with this chapter intends to establish safe practices in marina areas, provide an identification method for mooring spaces in the marina, provide fire fighters with safe operational areas and fire protection methods to extend hose lines in a safe manner. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 4502 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 46 Construction Requirements for Existing Buildings. Chapter 46 is also a new chapter in the 2009 International Fire Code. This chapter applies to existing buildings constructed prior to the adoption of this code and intends to provide a minimum degree of fire and life safety to persons occupying existing buildings by providing for alterations to such buildings that do not comply with the minimum requirements of the International Building Code. While this chapter is new, its content existed previously in the IFC but in a random manner that was neither efficient nor user-friendly. In the 2007/2008 code development cycle, code change F294-07/08 was approved that consolidated the retroactive elements of IFC/2006 Sections 607, 701, 704, 903, 905, 907 and 2506 and all of Section 1027 into a single chapter for easier and more efficient reference and application to existing buildings. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 4602 contains definitions applicable to the chapter contents.
Chapter 47 Referenced Standards. The code contains several references to standards that are used to regulate materials and methods of construction. Chapter 47 contains a comprehensive list of all standards that are referenced in the code. The standards are part of the code to the extent of the reference to the standard. Compliance with the referenced standard is necessary for compliance with this code. By providing specifically adopted standards, the construction and installation requirements necessary for compliance with the code can be readily determined. The basis for code compliance is, therefore, established and available on an equal basis to the code official, contractor, designer and owner.
Chapter 47 is organized in a manner that makes it easy to locate specific standards. It lists all of the referenced standards, alphabetically, by acronym of the promulgating agency of the standard. Each agency's standards are then listed in either alphabetical or numeric order based upon the standard identification. The list also contains the title of the standard; the edition (date) of the standard referenced; any addenda included as part of the ICC adoption; and the section or sections of this code that reference the standard.
Appendix A Board of Appeals. This appendix contains optional criteria that, when adopted, provides jurisdictions with detailed appeals, board member qualifications and administrative procedures to supplement the basic requirements found in Section 108 of
xivthe code. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance (see sample ordinance on page xiii).
Appendix B Fire-flow Requirements for Buildings. This appendix provides a tool for the use of jurisdictions in establishing a policy for determining fire-flow requirements in accordance with IFC Section 507.3. The determination of required fire flow is not an exact science, but having some level of information provides a consistent way of choosing the appropriate fire flow for buildings throughout a jurisdiction. The primary tool used in this appendix is a table which presents fire flows based on construction type and building area based on the correlation of the Insurance Services Office (ISO) method and the construction types used in the International Building Code. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance (see sample ordinance on page xiii).
Appendix C Fire Hydrant Locations and Distribution. This appendix focuses on the location and spacing of fire hydrants which are important to the success of fire-fighting operation. The difficulty with determining the spacing of fire hydrants is that every situation is unique and has unique challenges. Finding one methodology for determining hydrant spacing is difficult. This particular appendix gives one methodology based on the required fire flow that fire departments can work with to set a policy for hydrant distribution around new buildings and facilities in conjunction with IFC Section 507.5. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance (see sample ordinance on page xiii).
Appendix D Fire Apparatus Access Roads. This appendix contains more detailed elements for use with the basic access requirements found in IFC Section 503 which gives some minimum criteria, such as a maximum length of 150 feet and a minimum width of 20 feet, but in many cases does not state specific criteria. This appendix, like Appendices B and C, is a tool for jurisdictions looking for guidance in establishing access requirements and includes criteria for multiple-family residential developments, large one- and two-family subdivisions, specific examples for various types of turnarounds for fire department apparatus and parking regulatory signage. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance (see sample ordinance on page xiii).
Appendix E Hazard Categories. This appendix contains guidance for designers, engineers, architects, code officials, plans reviewers and inspectors in the classifying if hazardous materials so that proposed designs can be evaluated intelligently and accurately. The descriptive materials and explanations of hazardous materials and how to report and evaluate them on a Material Safety Data Sheet that are contained in this appendix are intended to be instructional as well as informative. Note that this appendix is for information purposes and is not intended for adoption.
Appendix F Hazard Ranking. The information in this appendix is intended to be a companion to the specific requirements of Chapters 28 through 44 which regulate the storage, handling and use of all hazardous materials classified as either physical or health hazards. These materials pose diverse hazards, including instability, reactivity, flammability, oxidizing potential or toxicity; therefore, identifying them by hazard ranking is essential. This appendix lists the various hazardous materials categories that are defined in the code, along with the NFPA 704 hazard ranking for each. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance (see sample ordinance on page xiii).
Appendix G Cryogenic Fluids—Weight and Volume Equivalents. This appendix gives the fire code official and design professional a ready reference tool for the conversion of the liquid weight and volume of cryogenic fluid to their corresponding volume of gas and vice versa and is a companion to the provisions of Chapter 32 of the code. Note that this appendix is for information purposes and is not intended for adoption.
Appendix H Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMMP) and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement (HMIS) Instructions. This new IFC appendix is intended to assist businesses in establishing a Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMMP) and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement (HMIS) based on the classification and quantities of materials that would be found on site in storage and/or use. The sample forms and available Material Safety Data sheets (MSDS) provide the basis for the evaluations. It is also a companion to IFC Sections 407.5 and 407.6 which provide the requirement that the HMIS and HMMP be submitted when required by the fire code official. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance (see sample ordinance on page xiii).
Appendix I Fire Protections Systems—Unsafe Conditions. The purpose of this new IFC appendix, which was developed by the ICC Hazard Abatement in Existing Buildings Committee, is to provide the fire code official with a list of conditions that are readily identifiable by the inspector during the course of an inspection utilizing the International Fire Code. The specific conditions identified in this appendix are primarily derived from applicable NFPA standards and pose a hazard to the proper operation of the respective systems. While these do not represent all of the conditions that pose a hazard or otherwise may impair the proper operation of fire protection systems, their identification in this adoptable appendix will provide a more direct path for enforcement by the fire code official. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance (see sample ordinance on page xiii).
Appendix J Emergency Responder Radio Coverage. This new IFC Appendix provides design, installation, testing and maintenance requirements for the emergency responder communications facilities where required by new IFC Sections 510. Included are requirements for system performance, primary and secondary power supplies, signal boosters, radio frequencies, installer qualifications, acceptance testing and system maintenance. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance (see sample ordinance on page xiii).
xv xviThe International Codes are designed and promulgated to be adopted by reference by ordinance. Jurisdictions wishing to adopt the 2010 California Fire Code as an enforceable set of regulations for the safeguarding of life and property from fire and explosion hazards arising from the storage, handling and use of hazardous substances, materials and devices, and from conditions hazardous to life or property in the occupancy of buildings and permises should ensure that certain factual information is included in the adopting ordinance at the time adoption is being considered by the appropriate government body. The following sample adoption ordinance addresses several key elements of a code adoption ordinance, including the information required for insertion into the code text.
An ordinance of the [NAME OF JURISDICTION] adopting the 2010 edition of the California Fire Code, regulating and governing the safeguarding of life and property from fire and explosion hazards arising from the storage, handling and use of hazardous substances, materials and devices, and from conditions hazardous to life or property in the occupancy of buildings and premises in the [NAME OF JURISDICTION]; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefor; repealing Ordinance No.— of the [NAME OF JURISDICTION] and all other ordinances and parts of the ordinances in conflict therewith.
The [GOVERNING BODY] of the [NAME OF JURISDICTION] does ordain as follows:
Section 1. That a certain document, three (3) copies of which are on file in the office of the [TITLE OF JURISDICTION'S KEEPER OF RECORDS] of [NAME OF JURISDICTION], being marked and designated as the California Fire Code, 2010 edition, including Appendix Chapters [FILL IN THE APPENDIX CHAPTERS BEING ADOPTED] (see California Fire Code Section 101.2.1, 2010 edition), as published by the International Code Council, be and is hereby adopted as the Fire Code of the [NAME OF JURISDICTION], in the State of California regulating and governing the safeguarding of life and property from fire and explosion hazards arising from the storage, handling and use of hazardous substances, materials and devices, and from conditions hazardous to life or property in the occupancy of buildings and premises as herein provided; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefor; and each and all of the regulations, provisions, penalties, conditions and terms of said Fire Code on file in the office of the [NAME OF JURISDICTION] are hereby referred to, adopted, and made a part hereof, as if fully set out in this ordinance, with the additions, insertions, deletions and changes, if any, prescribed in Section 2 of this ordinance.
Section 2. That the following sections are hereby revised:
Section 101.1. Insert: [NAME OF JURISDICTION]
Section 109.3. Insert: [OFFENSE, DOLLAR AMOUNT, NUMBER OF DAYS]
Section 111.4. Insert: [DOLLAR AMOUNT IN TWO LOCATIONS]
Section 3. That the geographic limits referred to in certain sections of the 2009 California Fire Code are hereby established as follows:
Section 3404.2.9.6.1 (geographic limits in which the storage of Class I and Class II liquids in above-ground tanks outside of buildings is prohibited): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY]
Section 3406.2.4.4 (geographic limits in which the storage of Class I and Class II liquids in above-ground tanks is prohibited):[JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY]
Section 3506.2 (geographic limits in which the storage of flammable cryogenic fluids in stationary containers is prohibited): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY]
Section 3804.2 (geographic limits in which the storage of liquefied petroleum gas is restricted for the protection of heavily populated or congested areas): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY]
Section 4. That Ordinance No.______ of [NAME OF JURISDICTION] entitled [FILL IN HERE THE COMPLETE TITLE OF THE ORDINANCE OR ORDINANCES IN EFFECT AT THE PRESENT TIME SO THAT THEY WILL BE REPEALED BY SPECIFIC REFERENCE] and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed.
Section 5. That if any section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason, held to be unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. The [GOVERNING BODY] hereby declares that it would have passed this ordinance, and each section, subsection, clause or phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses and phrases be declared unconstitutional.
xviiSection 6. That nothing in this ordinance or in the Fire Code hereby adopted shall be construed to affect any suit or proceeding impending in any court, or any rights acquired, or liability incurred, or any cause or causes of action acquired or existing, under any act or ordinance hereby repealed as cited in Section 4 of this ordinance; nor shall any just or legal right or remedy of any character be lost, impaired or affected by this ordinance.
Section 7. That the [JURISDICTION'S KEEPER OF RECORDS] is hereby ordered and directed to cause this ordinance to be published. (An additional provision may be required to direct the number of times the ordinance is to be published and to specify that it is to be in a newspaper in general circulation. Posting may also be required.)
Section 8. That this ordinance and the rules, regulations, provisions, requirements, orders and matters established and adopted hereby shall take effect and be in full force and effect [TIME PERIOD] from and after the date of its final passage and adoption.
xviiiCHAPTER I SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION | 3 | |
DIVISION I—CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION | 3 | |
Section | ||
1.1 | General | 3 |
1.11 | Office of the State Fire Marshal | 5 |
DIVISION II—ADMINISTRATION | 10 | |
PART 1— GENERAL PROVISIONS | 10 | |
Section | ||
101 | General | 10 |
102 | Applicability | 10 |
PART 2—ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS | 11 | |
103 | Department of Fire Prevention | 11 |
104 | General Authority and Responsibilities | 11 |
105 | Permits | 13 |
106 | Inspections | 20 |
107 | Maintenance | 20 |
108 | Board of Appeals | 20 |
109 | Violations | 21 |
110 | Unsafe Buildings | 21 |
111 | Stop Work Order | 22 |
112 | Service Utilities | 22 |
113 | Fees | 22 |
CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS | 25 | |
Section | ||
201 | General | 25 |
202 | General Definitions | 25 |
CHAPTER 3 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE | 49 | |
Section | ||
301 | General | 49 |
302 | Definitions | 49 |
303 | Asphalt Kettles | 50 |
304 | Combustible Waste Material | 50 |
305 | Ignition Sources | 52 |
306 | Motion Picture Projection Rooms and Film | 52 |
307 | Open Burning, Recreational Fires and Portable Outdoor Fireplaces | 52 |
308 | Open Flames | 53 |
309 | Powered Industrial Trucks and Equipment | 55 |
310 | Smoking | 55 |
311 | Vacant Premises | 56 |
312 | Vehicle Impact Protection | 57 |
313 | Fueled Equipment | 57 |
314 | Indoor Displays | 57 |
315 | Miscellaneous Combustible Materials Storage | 57 |
316 | Hazards to Fire Fighters | 58 |
317 | Laundry Carts | 58 |
CHAPTER 4 EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS | 61 | |
Section | ||
401 | General | 61 |
402 | Definitions | 61 |
403 | Public Assemblages and Events | 61 |
404 | Fire Safety and Evacuation Plans | 62 |
405 | Emergency Evacuation Drills | 65 |
406 | Employee Training and Response Procedures | 66 |
407 | Hazard Communication | 66 |
408 | Use and Occupancy-Related Requirements | 67 |
CHAPTER 5 FIRE SERVICE FEATURES | 73 | |
Section | ||
501 | General | 73 |
502 | Definitions | 73 |
503 | Fire Apparatus Access Roads | 73 |
504 | Access to Building Openings and Roofs | 74 |
505 | Premises Identification | 75 |
506 | Key Boxes | 75 |
507 | Fire Protection Water Supplies | 75 |
508 | Fire Command Center | 76 |
509 | Fire Protection Equipment Identification and Access | 76 |
510 | Emergency Responder Radio Coverage | 77 |
CHAPTER 6 BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS | 81 | |
Section | ||
601 | General | 81 |
602 | Definitions | 81 |
603 | Fuel-fired Appliances | 82 |
604 | Emergency and Standby Power Systems | 84 |
605 | Electrical Equipment, Wiring and Hazards | 87 |
606 | Mechanical Refrigeration | 88 |
607 | Elevator Recall and Maintenance | 90 |
608 | Stationary Storage Battery Systems | 90 |
609 | Commercial Kitchen Hoods | 92 |
CHAPTER 7 FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION | 95 | |
Section | ||
701 | General | 95 |
702 | Definitions | 95 |
703 | Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction | 95 |
704 | Floor Openings and Shafts | 96 |
CHAPTER 8 INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS | 99 | |
Section | ||
801 | General | 99 |
802 | Definitions | 99 |
803 | Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish and Trim in Existing Buildings | 100 |
804 | Interior Wall and Ceiling Trim in New and Existing Buildings | 102 |
805 | Upholstered Furniture and Mattresses in New and Existing Buildings | 103 |
806 | Decorative Vegetation in New and Existing Buildings | 105 |
807 | Decorative Materials Other than Decorative Vegetation in New and Existing Buildings | 106 |
808 | Furnishings Other than Upholstered Furniture and Mattresses or Decorative Materials in New and Existing Buildings | 109 |
CHAPTER 9 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS | 117 | |
Section | ||
901 | General | 117 |
902 | Definitions | 120 |
903 | Automatic Sprinkler Systems | 123 |
904 | Alternative Automatic Fire-Extinguishing Systems | 131 |
905 | Standpipe Systems | 134 |
906 | Portable Fire Extinguishers | 136 |
907 | Fire Alarm and Detection Systems | 144 |
908 | Emergency Alarm Systems | 158 |
909 | Smoke Control Systems | 158 |
910 | Smoke and Heat Vents | 164 |
911 | Explosion Control | 166 |
912 | Fire Department Connections | 168 |
913 | Fire Pumps | 168 |
914 | Fire Protection Based on Special Detailed Requirements of Use and Occupancy | 169 |
CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS | 177 | |
Section | ||
1001 | Administration | 177 |
1002 | Definitions | 177 |
1003 | General Means of Egress | 178 |
1004 | Occupant Load | 180 |
1005 | Egress Width | 181 |
1006 | Means of Egress Illumination | 182 |
1007 | Accessible Means of Egress | 182 |
1008 | Doors, Gates and Turnstiles | 185 |
1009 | Stairways | 191 |
1010 | Ramps | 194 |
1011 | Exit Signs | 195 |
1012 | Handrails | 197 |
1013 | Guards | 198 |
1014 | Exit Access | 199 |
1015 | Exit and Exit Access Doorways | 201 |
1016 | Exit Access Travel Distance | 203 |
1017 | Aisles | 204 |
1018 | Corridors | 204 |
1019 | Egress Balconies | 206 |
1020 | Exits | 206 |
1021 | Number of Exits and Continuity | 206 |
1022 | Exit Enclosures | 207 |
1023 | Exit Passageways | 209 |
1024 | Luminous Egress Path Markings | 210 |
1025 | Horizontal Exits | 211 |
1026 | Exterior Exit Ramps and Stairways | 212 |
1027 | Exit Discharge | 212 |
1028 | Assembly | 214 |
1029 | Emergency Escape and Rescue | 218 |
1030 | Maintenance of the Means of Egress | 220 |
CHAPTER 11 AVIATION FACILITIES | 225 | |
Section | ||
1101 | General | 225 |
1102 | Definitions | 225 |
1103 | General Precautions | 225 |
1104 | Aircraft Maintenance | 225 |
1105 | Portable Fire Extinguishers | 226 |
1106 | Aircraft Fueling | 226 |
1107 | Helistops and Heliports | 231 |
CHAPTER 12 DRY CLEANING | 235 | |
Section | ||
1201 | General | 235 |
1202 | Definitions | 235 |
1203 | Classifications | 235 |
1204 | General Requirements | 235 |
1205 | Operating Requirements | 236 |
1206 | Spotting and Pretreating | 236 |
1207 | Dry Cleaning Systems | 237 |
1208 | Fire Protection | 237 |
CHAPTER 13 COMBUSTIBLE DUST-PRODUCING OPERATIONS | 241 | |
Section | ||
1301 | General | 241 |
1302 | Definitions | 241 |
1303 | Precautions | 241 |
1304 | Explosion Protection | 241 |
CHAPTER 14 FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION | 245 | |
Section | ||
1401 | General | 245 |
1402 | Definitions | 245 |
1403 | Temporary Heating Equipment | 245 |
1404 | Precautions Against Fire | 245 |
1405 | Flammable and Combustible Liquids | 245 |
1406 | Flammable Gases | 246 |
1407 | Explosive Materials | 246 |
1408 | Owner’s Responsibility for Fire Protection | 246 |
1409 | Fire Reporting | 246 |
1410 | Access for Fire Fighting | 246 |
1411 | Means of Egress | 246 |
1412 | Water Supply for Fire Protection | 247 |
1413 | Standpipes | 247 |
1414 | Automatic Sprinkler System | 247 |
1415 | Portable Fire Extinguishers | 247 |
1416 | Motorized Equipment | 247 |
1417 | Safeguarding Roofing Operations | 247 |
CHAPTER 15 FLAMMABLE FINISHES | 251 | |
Section | ||
1501 | General | 251 |
1502 | Definitions | 251 |
1503 | Protection of Operations | 252 |
1504 | Spray Finishing | 253 |
1505 | Dipping Operations | 257 |
1506 | Powder Coating | 258 |
1507 | Electrostatic Apparatus | 259 |
1508 | Organic Peroxides and Dual-Component Coatings | 260 |
1509 | Indoor Manufacturing of Reinforced Plastics | 260 |
1510 | Floor Surfacing and Finishing Operations | 261 |
CHAPTER 16 FRUIT AND CROP RIPENING | 265 | |
Section | ||
1601 | General | 265 |
1602 | Definitions | 265 |
1603 | Ethylene Gas | 265 |
1604 | Sources of Ignition | 265 |
1605 | Combustible Waste | 265 |
1606 | Ethylene Generators | 265 |
1607 | Warning Signs | 265 |
CHAPTER 17 FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING | 269 | |
Section | ||
1701 | General | 269 |
1702 | Definitions | 269 |
1703 | Fire Safety Requirements | 269 |
CHAPTER 18 SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES | 273 | |
Section | ||
1801 | General | 273 |
1802 | Definitions | 273 |
1803 | General Safety Provisions | 273 |
1804 | Storage | 277 |
1805 | Use and Handling | 278 |
CHAPTER 19 LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING FACILITIES | 285 | |
Section | ||
1901 | General | 285 |
1902 | Definitions | 285 |
1903 | General Requirements | 285 |
1904 | Fire Protection | 285 |
1905 | Plywood, Veneer and Composite Board Mills | 286 |
1906 | Log Storage Areas | 286 |
1907 | Storage of Wood Chips and Hogged Material Associated with Timber and Lumber Production Facilities | 286 |
1908 | Storage and Processing of Wood Chips, Hogged Material, Fines, Compost and Raw Product Associated with Yard Waste and Recycling Facilities | 286 |
1909 | Exterior Storage of Finished Lumber Products | 287 |
CHAPTER 20 MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS | 291 | |
Section | ||
2001 | General | 291 |
2002 | Definitions | 291 |
2003 | General Precautions | 291 |
2004 | Electrical Equipment and Protection | 291 |
2005 | Process Structures | 292 |
2006 | Process Mills and Kettles | 292 |
2007 | Process Piping | 292 |
2008 | Raw Materials in Process Areas | 293 |
2009 | Raw Materials and Finished Products | 293 |
CHAPTER 21 INDUSTRIAL OVENS | 297 | |
Section | ||
2101 | General | 297 |
2102 | Definitions | 297 |
2103 | Location | 297 |
2104 | Fuel Piping | 297 |
2105 | Interlocks | 297 |
2106 | Fire Protection | 298 |
2107 | Operation and Maintenance | 298 |
CHAPTER 22 MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES | 301 | |
Section | ||
2201 | General | 301 |
2202 | Definitions | 301 |
2203 | Location of Dispensing Devices | 301 |
2204 | Dispensing Operations | 302 |
2205 | Operational Requirements | 303 |
2206 | Flammable and Combustible Liquid Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facilities | 304 |
2207 | Liquefied Petroleum Gas Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facilities | 308 |
2208 | Compressed Natural Gas Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facilities | 309 |
2209 | Hydrogen Motor Fuel-Dispensing and Generation Facilities | 310 |
2210 | Marine Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facilities | 313 |
2211 | Repair Garages | 316 |
CHAPTER 23 HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE | 321 | |
Section | ||
2301 | General | 321 |
2302 | Definitions | 321 |
2303 | Commodity Classification | 322 |
2304 | Designation of High-Piled Storage Areas | 324 |
2305 | Housekeeping and Maintenance | 324 |
2306 | General Fire Protection and Life Safety Features | 327 |
2307 | Solid-Piled and Shelf Storage | 328 |
2308 | Rack Storage | 328 |
2309 | Automated Storage | 329 |
2310 | Specialty Storage | 329 |
CHAPTER 24 TENTS AND OTHER MEMBRANE STRUCTURES | 333 | |
Section | ||
2401 | General | 333 |
2402 | Definitions | 333 |
2403 | Temporary Tents and Membrane Structures | 334 |
2404 | Temporary and Permanent Tents and Membrane Structures | 336 |
CHAPTER 25 TIRE REBUILDING AND TIRE STORAGE | 343 | |
Section | ||
2501 | General | 343 |
2502 | Definitions | 343 |
2503 | Tire Rebuilding | 343 |
2504 | Precautions Against Fire | 343 |
2505 | Outdoor Storage | 343 |
2506 | Fire Department Access | 344 |
2507 | Fencing | 344 |
2508 | Fire Protection | 344 |
2509 | Indoor Storage Arrangement | 345 |
CHAPTER 26 WELDING AND OTHER HOT WORK | 349 | |
Section | ||
2601 | General | 349 |
2602 | Definitions | 349 |
2603 | General Requirements | 349 |
2604 | Fire Safety Requirements | 350 |
2605 | Gas Welding and Cutting | 351 |
2606 | Electric Arc Hot Work | 351 |
2607 | Calcium Carbide Systems | 351 |
2608 | Acetylene Generators | 351 |
2609 | Piping Manifolds and Hose Systems for Fuel Gases and Oxygen | 352 |
CHAPTER 27 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS | 355 | |
Section | ||
2701 | General | 355 |
2702 | Definitions | 357 |
2703 | General Requirements | 365 |
2704 | Storage | 375 |
2705 | Use, Dispensing and Handling | 378 |
CHAPTER 28 AEROSOLS | 385 | |
Section | ||
2801 | General | 385 |
2802 | Definitions | 385 |
2803 | Classification of Aerosol Products | 385 |
2804 | Inside Storage of Aerosol Products | 385 |
2805 | Outside Storage | 387 |
2806 | Retail Display | 388 |
2807 | Manufacturing Facilities | 389 |
CHAPTER 29 COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS | 393 | |
Section | ||
2901 | General | 393 |
2902 | Definitions | 393 |
2903 | General Precautions | 393 |
2904 | Loose Fiber Storage | 393 |
2905 | Baled Storage | 394 |
CHAPTER 30 COMPRESSED GASES | 397 | |
Section | ||
3001 | General | 397 |
3002 | Definitions | 397 |
3003 | General Requirements | 398 |
3004 | Storage of Compressed Gases | 401 |
3005 | Use and Handling of Compressed Gases | 401 |
3006 | Medical Gas Systems | 402 |
3007 | Compressed Gases Not Otherwise Regulated | 402 |
CHAPTER 31 CORROSIVE MATERIALS | 405 | |
Section | ||
3101 | General | 405 |
3102 | Definitions | 405 |
3103 | General Requirements | 405 |
3104 | Storage | 405 |
3105 | Use | 405 |
CHAPTER 32 CRYOGENIC FLUIDS | 409 | |
Section | ||
3201 | General | 409 |
3202 | Definitions | 409 |
3203 | General Requirements | 409 |
3204 | Storage | 411 |
3205 | Use and Handling | 412 |
CHAPTER 33 EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS | 417 | |
Section | ||
3301 | General | 417 |
3302 | Reserved | 417 |
3303 | Reserved | 417 |
3304 | Reserved | 417 |
3305 | Reserved | 417 |
3306 | Reserved | 417 |
3307 | Reserved | 417 |
3308 | Fireworks Display | 417 |
3309 | Reserved | 417 |
CHAPTER 34 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS | 421 | |
Section | ||
3401 | General | 421 |
3402 | Definitions | 421 |
3403 | General Requirements | 422 |
3404 | Storage | 426 |
3405 | Dispensing, Use, Mixing and Handling | 446 |
3406 | Special Operations | 451 |
CHAPTER 35 FLAMMABLE GASES AND FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUIDS | 463 | |
Section | ||
3501 | General | 463 |
3502 | Definitions | 463 |
3503 | General Requirements | 463 |
3504 | Storage | 464 |
3505 | Use | 464 |
3506 | Flammable Cryogenic Fluids | 464 |
3507 | Metal Hydride Storage Systems | 466 |
CHAPTER 36 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS | 471 | |
Section | ||
3601 | General | 471 |
3602 | Definitions | 471 |
3603 | General Requirements | 471 |
3604 | Storage | 471 |
3605 | Use | 471 |
3606 | Magnesium | 471 |
CHAPTER 37 HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS | 477 | |
Section | ||
3701 | General | 477 |
3702 | Definitions | 477 |
3703 | Highly Toxic and Toxic Solids and Liquids | 478 |
3704 | Highly Toxic and Toxic Compressed Gases | 479 |
3705 | Ozone Gas Generators | 483 |
CHAPTER 38 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES | 487 | |
Section | ||
3801 | General | 487 |
3802 | Definitions | 487 |
3803 | Installation of Equipment | 487 |
3804 | Location of LP-Gas Containers | 489 |
3805 | Prohibited Use of LP-Gas | 489 |
3806 | Dispensing and Overfilling | 489 |
3807 | Safety Precautions and Devices | 489 |
3808 | Fire Protection | 489 |
3809 | Storage of Portable LP-Gas Containers Awaiting Use or Resale | 490 |
3810 | LP-Gas Containers Not in Service | 491 |
3811 | Parking and Garaging | 491 |
CHAPTER 39 ORGANIC PEROXIDES | 495 | |
Section | ||
3901 | General | 495 |
3902 | Definitions | 495 |
3903 | General Requirements | 495 |
3904 | Storage | 495 |
3905 | Use | 497 |
CHAPTER 40 OXIDIZERS, OXIDIZING GASES AND OXIDIZING CRYOGENIC FLUIDS | 501 | |
Section | ||
4001 | General | 501 |
4002 | Definitions | 501 |
4003 | General Requirements | 501 |
4004 | Storage | 502 |
4005 | Use | 504 |
4006 | Liquid Oxygen in Home Health Care | 504 |
CHAPTER 41 PYROPHORIC MATERIALS | 509 | |
Section | ||
4101 | General | 509 |
4102 | Definitions | 509 |
4103 | General Requirements | 509 |
4104 | Storage | 509 |
4105 | Use | 510 |
CHAPTER 42 PYROXYLIN (CELLULOSE NITRATE) PLASTICS | 513 | |
Section | ||
4201 | General | 513 |
4202 | Definitions | 513 |
4203 | General Requirements | 513 |
4204 | Storage and Handling | 513 |
CHAPTER 43 UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIALS | 517 | |
Section | ||
4301 | General | 517 |
4302 | Definitions | 517 |
4303 | General Requirements | 517 |
4304 | Storage | 518 |
4305 | Use | 518 |
CHAPTER 44 WATER-REACTIVE SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS | 521 | |
Section | ||
4401 | General | 521 |
4402 | Definitions | 521 |
4403 | General Requirements | 521 |
4404 | Storage | 521 |
4405 | Use | 522 |
CHAPTER 45 MARINAS | 525 | |
Section | ||
4501 | Scope | 525 |
4502 | Definitions | 525 |
4503 | General Precautions | 525 |
4504 | Fire Protection Equipment | 525 |
4505 | Marine Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facilities | 526 |
CHAPTER 46 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS | 529 | |
Section | ||
4601 | General | 529 |
4602 | Definitions | 529 |
4603 | Fire Safety Requirements for Existing Buildings | 529 |
4604 | Means of Egress for Existing Buildings | 536 |
4605 | Requirements for Outdoor Operations | 541 |
4606 | Group A Public Address Systems | 541 |
CHAPTER 47 REFERENCED STANDARDS | 545 | |
CHAPTER 48 MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION STUDIO SOUND STAGES, APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND PRODUCTION LOCATIONS | 563 | |
Section | ||
4801 | General | 563 |
4802 | Occupancy Classification | 563 |
4803 | Required Permits | 563 |
4804 | General Requirements | 563 |
4805 | Fire-Extinguishing Systems | 564 |
4806 | Fire-Detection Equipment | 564 |
4807 | Fire Safety Officers | 564 |
4808 | Electrical Requirements | 564 |
4809 | Mechanical Equipment | 564 |
4810 | Design Requirements | 565 |
4811 | Production Locations | 565 |
CHAPTER 49 REQUIREMENTS FOR WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE FIRE AREAS | 569 | |
Section | ||
4901 | General | 569 |
4902 | Definitions | 569 |
4903 | Plans [Reserved] | 569 |
4904 | Fire Hazard Scverity Zones | 569 |
4905 | Wildfire Protection Building Construction | 569 |
4906 | Hazardous Vegetation and Fuel Management | 570 |
4907 | Defensible Space | 570 |
APPENDIX | ||
CHAPTER 4 SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY | 573 | |
Section | ||
425 | Special Provisions for Licensed 24-Hour Care Facilities in Groups R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 | 573 |
APPENDIX A BOARD OF APPEALS | 579 | |
Section | ||
A101 | General | 579 |
APPENDIX B FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS | 583 | |
Section | ||
B101 | General | 583 |
B102 | Definitions | 583 |
B103 | Modifications | 583 |
B104 | Fire-Flow Calculation Area | 583 |
B105 | Fire-Flow Requirements for Buildings | 583 |
B106 | Referenced Standards | 584 |
APPENDIX BB FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS | 587 | |
Section | ||
BB101 | Scope | 587 |
BB102 | Definitions | 587 |
BB103 | Modifications | 587 |
BB104 | Fire Area | 587 |
BB105 | Fire-Flow Requirements for Buildings | 587 |
APPENDIX C FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION | 591 | |
Section | ||
C101 | General | 591 |
C102 | Location | 591 |
C103 | Number of Fire Hydrants | 591 |
C104 | Consideration of Existing Fire Hydrants | 591 |
C105 | Distribution of Fire Hydrants | 591 |
APPENDIX CC FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION | 595 | |
Section | ||
CC101 | Scope | 595 |
CC102 | Location | 595 |
CC103 | Number of Fire Hydrants | 595 |
CC104 | Consideration of Existing Fire Hydrants | 595 |
CC105 | Distribution of Fire Hydrants | 595 |
APPENDIX D FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS | 599 | |
Section | ||
D101 | General | 599 |
D102 | Required Access | 599 |
D103 | Minimum Specifications | 599 |
D104 | Commercial and Industrial Developments | 600 |
D105 | Aerial Fire Apparatus Access Roads | 600 |
D106 | Multiple-family Residential Developments | 600 |
D107 | One- or Two-family Residential Developments | 601 |
D108 | Referenced Standards | 601 |
APPENDIX E HAZARD CATEGORIES | 605 | |
Section | ||
E101 | General | 605 |
E102 | Hazard Categories | 605 |
E103 | Evaluation of Hazards | 609 |
E104 | Referenced Standards | 610 |
APPENDIX F HAZARD RANKING | 613 | |
Section | ||
F101 | General | 613 |
F102 | Referenced Standards | 613 |
APPENDIX G CRYOGENIC FLUIDS— WEIGHT AND VOLUME EQUIVALENTS | 617 | |
Section | ||
G101 | General | 617 |
APPENDIX H HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLANS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENTS | 621 | |
Section | ||
H1 | Scope | 621 |
H2 | Hazardous Materials Inventory Statements (HMIS) | 621 |
H3 | Hazardous Materials Management Plans (HMMP) | 621 |
H4 | Maintenance of Records | 622 |
APPENDIX I FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS—NONCOMPLIANT CONDITIONS | 635 | |
Section | ||
I101 | Noncompliant Conditions | 635 |
I102 | Referenced Standards | 636 |
APPENDIX J EMERGENCY RESPONDER RADIO COVERAGE | 639 | |
Section | ||
J101 | General | 639 |
J102 | Definitions | 639 |
J103 | Technical Requirements | 639 |
J104 | Referenced Standards | 640 |
INDEX | 641 | |
HISTORY NOTE | 667 |
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | SS/CC | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire CA chapter | ||||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below |
X | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | ||||||||||||||||||||
Division I | ||||||||||||||||||||
1.1–1.12 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
1.11–1.11.10 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Division II | ||||||||||||||||||||
102.1–102.5 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
102.9 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
104.2 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
104.5 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
104.7–104.7.2 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
104.10 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105–105.2.2 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105.2.4 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105.3 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105.3.3–105.3.8 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105.4–105.4.6 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105.5 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105.6–105.6.8 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Table 105.6.8 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105.6.10–105.6.11 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105.6.13–105.6.15 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105.6.20 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Table 105.6.20 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105.6.21–105.6.26 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105.6.43 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105.6.46 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105.6.47 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
105.7–105.7.14 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
106.2–106.4 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
109–109.3.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
110.1–110.4 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
111–111.4 | X |
1.1.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the California Fire Code, may be cited as such and will be referred to herein as “this code” The California Fire Code is Part 9 of twelve parts of the official compilation and publication of the adoptions, amendment, and repeal of building regulations to the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, also referred to as the California Building Standards Code. This part incorporates by adoption the 2009 International Fire Code of the International Code Council with necessary California amendments.
1.1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum requirements consistent with nationally recognized good practices to safeguard the public health, safety and general welfare from the hazards of fire, explosion or dangerous conditions in new and existing buildings, structures and premises, and to provide safety and assistance to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations.
1.1.3 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, maintenance, removal and demolition of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such building structures throughout the State of California.
This code establishes regulations affecting or relating to buildings, structures, processes, premises and a reasonable degree of life and property safeguards regarding:
1.1.3.1 Nonstate-regulated buildings, structures and applications. Except as modified by local ordinance pursuant to Section 1.1.8, the following standards in the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11 shall apply to all occupancies and applications not regulated by a state agency.
1.1.3.2 State-regulated buildings, structures and applications. The model code, state amendments to the model code, and/or state amendments where there are no relevant model code provisions shall apply to the following buildings, structures and applications regulated by state agencies as referenced in the Matrix Adoption Tables and as specified in Sections 1.2 through 1.14, except where modified by local ordinance pursuant to Section 1.1.8. When adopted by a state agency, the provisions of this code shall be enforced by the appropriate enforcing agency, but only to the extent of authority granted to such agency by the state legislature.
Note: See the Preface to distinguish the model code provisions from the California provisions.
1.1.4 Appendices. Provisions contained in the appendices of this code shall not apply unless specifically adopted by a state agency or adopted by a local enforcing agency in compliance with Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et. seq. for Building Standards Law, Health and Safety Code Section 17950 for State Housing Law and Health and Safety Code Section 13869.7 for Fire Protection Districts. See Section 1.1.8 of this code.
1.1.5 Referenced codes. The codes, standards and publications adopted and set forth in this code, including other codes, standards and publications referred to therein are, by title and date of publication, hereby adopted as standard reference documents of this code. When this code does not specifically cover any subject related to building design and construction, recognized architectural or engineering practices shall be employed. The National Fire Codes, standards and the Fire Protection Handbook of the National Fire Protection Association are permitted to be used as authoritative guides in determining recognized fire prevention engineering practices.
41.1.6 Nonbuilding standards, orders and regulations. Requirements contained in the International Fire Code, or in any other referenced standard, code or document, which are not building standards as defined in Health and Safety Code Section 18909, shall not be construed as part of the provisions of this code. For nonbuilding standards, orders and regulations, see other titles of the California Code of Regulations.
1.1.7 Order of precedence and use.
1.1.7.1 Differences. In the event of any differences between these building standards and the standard reference documents, the text of these building standards shall govern.
1.1.7.2 Specific provisions. Where a specific provision varies from a general provision, the specific provision shall apply.
1.1.7.3 Conflicts. When the requirements of this code conflict with the requirements of any other part of the California Building Standards Code, Title 24, the most restrictive requirements shall prevail.
1.1.8 City, county, or city and county amendments, additions or deletions. The provisions of this code do not limit the authority of city, county, or city and county governments to establish more restrictive and reasonably necessary differences to the provisions contained in this code pursuant to complying with Section 1.1.8.1. The effective date of amendments, additions or deletions to this code of a city, county, or a city and county filed pursuant to Section 1.1.8.1 shall be the date filed. However, in no case shall the amendments, additions or deletions to this code be effective any sooner than the effective date of this code.
Local modifications shall comply with Health and Safety Code Section 18941.5 for Building Standards Law, Health and Safety Code Section 17958 for State Housing Law or Health and Safety Code Section 13869.7 for Fire Protection Districts.
1.1.8.1 Findings and filings.
Exception:Hazardous building ordinances and programs mitigating unreinforced masonry buildings.
1.1.9 Effective date of this code. Only those standards approved by the California Building Standards Commission that are effective at the time an application for building permit is submitted shall apply to the plans and specifications for, and to the construction performed under, that permit. For the effective dates of the provisions contained in this code, see the History Note page of this code.
1.1.10 Availability of codes. At least one complete copy each of Titles 8, 19, 20, 24 and 25 with all revisions shall be maintained in the office of the building official responsible for the administration and enforcement of this code. Each state department concerned and each city, county, or city and county shall have an up-to-date copy of the code available for public inspection. See Health and Safety Code Section 18942(d)(1) and (2).
1.1.11 Format. This part fundamentally adopts the International Fire Code by reference on a chapter-by-chapter basis. Such adoption is reflected in the Matrix Adoption Table of each chapter of this part. When the Matrix Adoption Tables make no reference to a specific chapter of the International Fire Code such chapter of the International Fire Code is not adopted as a portion of this code.
1.1.12 Validity. If any chapter, section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this code is for any reason held to be unconstitutional, contrary to statute, exceeding the authority of the state as stipulated by statutes or otherwise inoperative, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portion of this code.
1.11.1 SFM—Office of the State Fire Marshal. Specific scope of application of the agency responsible for enforcement, the enforcement agency and the specific authority to adopt and enforce such provisions of this code, unless otherwise stated.
Application:
Institutional, educational or any similar occupancy. Any building or structure used or intended for use as an asylum, jail, mental hospital, hospital, sanitarium, home for the aged, children’s nursery, children’s home, school or any similar occupancy of any capacity.
Authority cited— Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Reference— Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Assembly or similar place of assemblage. Any theater, dancehall, skating rink, auditorium, assembly hall, meeting hall, nightclub, fair building or similar place of assemblage where 50 or more persons may gather together in a building, room or structure for the purpose of amusement, entertainment, instruction, deliberation, worship, drinking or dining, awaiting transportation, or education.
Authority cited— Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Reference— Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Small family day-care homes.
5Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Sections 1597.45, 1597.54, 13143 and 17921.
Reference— Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Large family day-care homes.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Sections 1597.46, 1597.54 and 17921.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Residential facilities and residential facilities for the elderly.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13133.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Any state institution or other state-owned or state-occupied building.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13108.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
High-rise structures.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13211.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Motion picture production studios.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.1.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Organized camps.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 18897.3.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Residential. All hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartment houses and dwellings, including congregate residences and buildings and structures accessory thereto. Multiple-story structures existing on January 1, 1975, let for human habitation, including and limited to, hotels, motels and apartment houses, less than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest floor level having building access, wherein rooms used for sleeping are let above the ground floor.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Sections 13143.2 and 17921.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Residential care facilities. Certified family care homes, out-of-home placement facilities, halfway houses, drug and/or alcohol rehabilitation facilities and any building or structure used or intended for use as a home or institution for the housing of any person of any age when such person is referred to or placed within such home or institution for protective social care and supervision services by any governmental agency.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.6.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Tents, awnings or other fabric enclosures used in connection with any occupancy.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13116.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Fire alarm devices, equipment and systems in connection with any occupancy.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13114.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Hazardous materials.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.9.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Flammable and combustible liquids.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.6.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Public School Automatic Fire Detection, Alarm and Sprinkler Systems.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Section 13143 and California Education Code Article 7.5, Sections 17074.50, 17074.52 and 17074.54.
Reference—Government Code Section 11152.5, Health and Safety Code Section 13143 and California Education Code Chapter 12.5, Leroy F. Greene School Facilities Act of 1998, Article 1.
Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area.
Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Sections 13143, 13108.5(a) and 18949.2(b) and (c) and Government Code Section 51189.
Reference—Health and Safety Code Sections 13143, Government Code Sections 51176, 51177, 51178 and 51179 and Public Resources Code Sections 4201 through 4204.
1.11.2 Duties and powers of the enforcing agency.
1.11.2.1 Enforcement.
1.11.2.1.1 The responsibility for enforcement of building standards adopted by the State Fire Marshal and published in the California Building Standards Code relating to fire and panic safety and other regulations of the State Fire Marshal shall except as provided in Section 1.11.2.1.2 be as follows:
1.11.2.1.2 Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13108, and except as otherwise provided in this section, building standards adopted by the State Fire Marshal published in the California Building Standards Code relating to fire and panic safety shall be enforced by the State Fire Marshal in all state-owned buildings, state-occupied buildings, and state institutions throughout the state. Upon the written request of the chief fire official of any city, county or fire protection district, the State Fire Marshal may authorize such chief fire official and his or her authorized representatives, in their geographical area of responsibility, to make fire prevention inspections of state-owned or state-occupied buildings, other than state institutions, for the purpose of enforcing the regulations relating to fire and panic safety adopted by the State Fire Marshal pursuant to this section and building standards relating to fire and panic safety published in the California Building Standards Code. Authorization from the State Fire Marshal shall be limited to those fire departments or fire districts which maintain a fire prevention bureau staffed by paid personnel.
Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13108, any requirement or order made by any chief fire official who is authorized by the State Fire Marshal to make fire prevention inspections of state-owned or state-occupied buildings, other than state institutions, may be appealed to the State Fire Marshal. The State Fire Marshal shall, upon receiving an appeal and subject to the provisions of Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 18945) of Part 2.5 of Division 13 of the Health and Safety Code, determine if the requirement or order made is reasonably consistent with the fire and panic safety regulations adopted by the State Fire Marshal and building standards relating to fire and panic safety published in the California Building Code.
Any person may request a code interpretation from the State Fire Marshal relative to the intent of any regulation or provision adopted by the State Fire Marshal. When the request relates to a specific project, occupancy or building, the State Fire Marshal shall review the issue with the appropriate local enforcing agency prior to rendering such code interpretation.
1.11.2.1.3 Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13112, any person who violates any order, rule or regulation of the State Fire Marshal is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less than $100.00 or more than $500.00 or by imprisonment for not less than six months, or by both. A person is guilty of a separate offense each day during which he or she commits, continues or permits a violation of any provision of, or any order, rule or regulation of, the State Fire Marshal as contained in this code.
Any inspection authority who, in the exercise of his or her authority as a deputy State Fire Marshal, causes any legal complaints to be filed or any arrest to be made shall notify the State Fire Marshal immediately following such action.
1.11.2.2 Right of entry. The fire chief of any city, county or fire protection district, or such person’s authorized representative, may enter any state institution or any other state-owned or state-occupied building for the purpose of preparing a fire suppression preplanning program or for the purpose of investigating any fire in a state-occupied building.
The State Fire Marshal, his or her deputies or salaried assistants, the chief of any city or county fire department or fire protection district and his or her authorized representatives may enter any building or premises not used for dwelling purposes at any reasonable hour for the purpose of enforcing this chapter. The owner, lessee, manager or operator of any such building or premises shall permit the State Fire Marshal, his or her deputies or salaried assistants and the chief of any city or county fire department or fire protection district and his or her authorized representatives to enter and inspect them at the time and for the purpose stated in this section.
1.11.2.3 More restrictive fire and panic safety building standards.
1.11.2.3.1 Any fire protection district organized pursuant to Health and Safety Code Part 2.7 (commencing with Section 13800) of Division 12 may adopt building standards relating to fire and panic safety that are more stringent than those building standards adopted by the State Fire Marshal and contained in the California Building Standards Code. For these purposes, the district board shall be deemed a legislative body and the district shall be deemed a local agency. Any changes or modifications that are more stringent than the requirements published in the California Building Standards Code relating to fire and panic safety shall be subject to Section 1.1.8.1.
1.11.2.3.2 Any fire protection district that proposes to adopt an ordinance pursuant to this section shall, not less than 30 days prior to noticing a proposed ordinance for public hearing, provide a copy of that ordinance, together with the adopted findings made pursuant to Section 1.11.2.3.1, to the city, county, or city and county where the ordinance will apply. The city, county, or city and county may provide the district with written comments, which shall become part of the fire protection district’s public hearing record.
1.11.2.3.3 The fire protection district shall transmit the adopted ordinance to the city, county, or city and county where the ordinance will apply. The legislative body of the city, county, or city and county may ratify, modify or deny an adopted ordinance and transmit its determination to the district within 15 days of the determination. Any modification or denial of an adopted ordinance shall
7include a written statement describing the reasons for any modifications or denial. No ordinance adopted by the district shall be effective until ratification by the city, county, or city and county where the ordinance will apply. Upon ratification of an adopted ordinance, the city, county, or city and county shall file a copy of the findings of the district, and any findings of the city, county, or city and county, together with the adopted ordinance expressly marked and identified to which each finding refers, in accordance with Section 1.1.8.1(3).
1.11.2.4 Request for alternate means of protection. Requests for approval to use an alternative material, assembly or materials, equipment, method of construction, method of installation of equipment or means of protection shall be made in writing to the enforcing agency by the owner or the owner’s authorized representative and shall be accompanied by a full statement of the conditions. Sufficient evidence or proof shall be submitted to substantiate any claim that may be made regarding its conformance. The enforcing agency may require tests and the submission of a test report from an approved testing organization as set forth in Title 19, California Code of Regulation, to substantiate the equivalency of the proposed alternative means of protection.
When a request for alternate means of protection involves hazardous materials, the authority having jurisdiction may consider implementation of the findings and recommendations identified in a Risk Management Plan (RMP) developed in accordance with Title 19, Division 2, Chapter 4.5, Article 3.
Approval of a request for use of an alternative material, assembly of materials, equipment, method of construction, method of installation of equipment or means of protection made pursuant to these provisions shall be limited to the particular case covered by request and shall not be construed as establishing any precedent for any future request.
1.11.2.5 Appeals. When a request for an alternate means of protection has been denied by the enforcing agency, the applicant may file a written appeal to the State Fire Marshal for consideration of the applicant's proposal. In considering such appeal, the State Fire Marshal may seek the advice of the State Board of Fire Services. The State Fire Marshal shall, after considering all of the facts presented, including any recommendations of the State Board of Fire Services, determine if the proposal is for the purposes intended, at least equivalent to that specified in these regulations in quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability and safety, and shall transmit such findings and any recommendations to the applicant and to the enforcing agency.
1.11.3 Construction documents.
1.11.3.1 Public schools. Plans and specifications for the construction, alteration or addition to any building owned, leased or rented by any public school district shall be submitted to the Division of the State Architect.
1.11.3.2 Movable walls and partitions. Plans or diagrams shall be submitted to the enforcing agency for approval before the installation of, or rearrangement of, any movable wall or partition in any occupancy. Approval shall be granted only if there is no increase in the fire hazard.
1.11.3.3 New construction high-rise buildings.
This section shall not be construed as preventing the design of fire-extinguishing systems by persons holding a C-16 license issued pursuant to Division 3, Chapter 9, Business and Professions Code. In such instances, however, the responsibility charge of this section shall prevail.
1.11.3.4 Existing high-rise buildings.
1.11.3.5 Retention of plans. Refer to Building Standards Law, Health and Safety Code Sections 19850 and 19851 for permanent retention of plans.
1.11.4 Fees.
1.11.4.1 Other fees. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13146.2, a city, county or district which inspects a hotel, motel, lodging house or apartment house may charge and collect a fee for the inspection from the owner of the structure in an amount, as determined by the city, county or district, sufficient to pay its costs of that inspection.
81.11.4.2 Large family day-care. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 1597.46, Large Family Day-Care Homes, the local government shall process any required permit as economically as possible, and fees charged for review shall not exceed the costs of the review and permit process.
1.11.4.3 High-rise. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13217, High-rise Structure Inspection: Fees and costs, a local agency which inspects a high-rise structure pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13217 may charge and collect a fee for the inspection from the owner of the high-rise structure in an amount, as determined by the local agency, sufficient to pay its costs of that inspection.
1.11.4.4 Fire clearance preinspection. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13235, Fire Clearance Preinspection, fee, upon receipt of a request from a prospective licensee of a community care facility, as defined in Section 1502, of a residential care facility for the elderly, as defined in Section 1569.2, or of a child day-care facility, as defined in Section 1596.750, the local fire enforcing agency, as defined in Section 13244, or State Fire Marshal, whichever has primary jurisdiction, shall conduct a preinspection of the facility prior to the final fire clearance approval. At the time of the preinspection, the primary fire enforcing agency shall price consultation and interpretation of the fire safety regulations and shall notify the prospective licensee of the facility in writing of the specific fire safety regulations which shall be enforced in order to obtain fire clearance approval. A fee equal to, but not exceeding, the actual cost of the preinspection may be charged for the preinspection of a facility with a capacity to serve 25 or fewer persons. A fee equal to, but not exceeding, the actual cost of the preinspection may be charged for a preinspection of a facility with a capacity to serve 26 or more persons.
1.11.4.5 Care facilities. The primary fire enforcing agency shall complete the final fire clearance inspection for a community care facility, residential care facility for the elderly, or child day-care facility within 30 days of receipt of the request for the final inspection, or as of the date the prospective facility requests the final prelicensure inspection by the State Department of Social Services, whichever is later.
Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13235, a preinspection fee equal to, but not exceeding, the actual cost of the preinspection may be charged for a facility with a capacity to serve 25 or less clients. A fee equal to, but not exceeding, the actual cost of the preinspection may be charged for a preinspection of a facility with a capacity to serve 26 or more clients.
Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13131.5, a reasonable final inspection fee, not to exceed the actual cost of inspection services necessary to complete a final inspection may be charged for occupancies classified as residential care facilities for the elderly (RCFE)
Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 1569.84, neither the State Fire Marshal nor any local public entity shall charge any fee for enforcing fire inspection regulations pursuant to state law or regulation or local ordinance, with respect to residential care facilities for the elderly (RCFE) which service six or fewer persons.
1.11.4.6 Requests of the Office of the State Fire Marshal. Whenever a local authority having jurisdiction requests that the State Fire Marshal perform plan review and/or inspection services related to a building permit, the applicable fees for such shall be payable to the Office of the State Fire Marshal.
1.11.5 Inspections. Work performed subject to the provisions of this Code shall comply with the inspection requirements contained in Section 106 as adopted by the Office of the State Fire Marshal.
1.11.5.1 Existing Group I-1 or R occupancies. Licensed 24-hour care in a Group I-1 or R occupancy in existence and originally classified under previously adopted state codes shall be reinspected under the appropriate previous code, provided there is no change in the use or character which would place the facility in a different occupancy group.
1.11.6 Certificate of Occupancy. A Certificate of Occupancy shall be issued as specified in Title 24, Part 2, California Building Code, Section 111.
1.11.7 Temporary Structures and Uses. See Title 24, Part 2, California Building Code, Section 107.
1.11.8 Service Utilities. See Title 24, Part 2, California Building Code, Section 112.
1.11.9 Stop Work Order. See Title 24, Part 2, California Building Code, Section 115.
1.11.10 Unsafe Buildings, Structures and Equipment. See Title 24, Part 2, California Building Code, Section 116.
9PART 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS
101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Fire Code of [NAME OF JURISDICTION], hereinafter referred to as “this code.”
101.2 Scope. This code establishes regulations affecting or relating to structures, processes, premises and safeguards regarding:
101.3 Intent. The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum requirements consistent with nationally recognized good practice for providing a reasonable level of life safety and property protection from the hazards of fire, explosion or dangerous conditions in new and existing buildings, structures and premises and to provide safety to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations.
101.4 Severability. If a section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this code is, for any reason, held to be unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this code.
101.5 Validity. In the event any part or provision of this code is held to be illegal or void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or provisions hereof, which are determined to be legal; and it shall be presumed that this code would have been adopted without such illegal or invalid parts or provisions.
102.1 Construction and design provisions. The construction and design provisions of this code shall apply to:
102.2 Administrative, operational and maintenance provisions. The administrative, operational and maintenance provisions of this code shall apply to:
102.3 Change of use or occupancy. No change shall be made in the use or occupancy of any structure that would place the structure in a different division of the same group or occupancy or in a different group of occupancies, unless such structure is made to comply with the requirements of this code and the International Building Code. Subject to the approval of the fire code official, the use or occupancy of an existing structure shall be allowed to be changed and the structure is allowed to be occupied for purposes in other groups without conforming to all the requirements of this code and the International Building Code for those groups, provided the new or proposed use is less hazardous, based on life and fire risk, than the existing use.
102.4 Application of building code. The design and construction of new structures shall comply with the International Building Code, and any alterations, additions, changes in use or changes in structures required by this code, which are within the scope of the International Building Code, shall be made in accordance therewith.
102.5 Application of residential code. Where structures are designed and constructed in accordance with the International Residential Code, the provisions of this code shall apply as follows:
102.6 Historic buildings. The provisions of this code relating to the construction, alteration, repair, enlargement, restoration, relocation or moving of buildings or structures shall not be mandatory for existing buildings or structures identified and classified by the state or local jurisdiction as historic buildings when such buildings or structures do not constitute a distinct hazard to life or property. Fire protection in designated historic
10buildings and structures shall be provided in accordance with an approved fire protection plan.
102.7 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be those that are listed in Chapter 45 and such codes and standards shall be considered part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference. Where differences occur between the provisions of this code and the referenced standards, the provisions of this code shall apply.
102.8 Subjects not regulated by this code. Where no applicable standards or requirements are set forth in this code, or are contained within other laws, codes, regulations, ordinances or bylaws adopted by the jurisdiction, compliance with applicable standards of the National Fire Protection Association or other nationally recognized fire safety standards, as approved, shall be deemed as prima facie evidence of compliance with the intent of this code. Nothing herein shall derogate from the authority of the fire code official to determine compliance with codes or standards for those activities or installations within the fire code official“s jurisdiction or responsibility.
102.9 Matters not provided for. Requirements that are essential for the public safety of an existing or proposed activity, building or structure, or for the safety of the occupants thereof, which are not specifically provided for by this code shall be determined by the fire code official.
102.10 Conflicting provisions. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall be applicable. Where, in a specific case, different sections of this code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
102.11 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or federal law.
102.12 Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or provision of this code.
PART 2—ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
103.1 General. The department of fire prevention is established within the jurisdiction under the direction of the fire code official. The function of the department shall be the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.
103.2 Appointment. The fire code official shall be appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction; and the fire code official shall not be removed from office except for cause and after full opportunity to be heard on specific and relevant charges by and before the appointing authority.
103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the appointing authority, the fire code official shall have the authority to appoint a deputy fire code official,other related technical officers, inspectors and other employees.
103.4 Liability. The fire code official, member of the board of appeals, officer or employee charged with the enforcement of this code, while acting for the jurisdiction, in good faith and without malice in the discharge of the duties required by this code or other pertinent law or ordinance, shall not thereby be rendered liable personally, and is hereby relieved from all personal liability for any damage accruing to persons or property as a result of an act or by reason of an act or omission in the discharge of official duties.
103.4.1 Legal defense. Any suit instituted against any officer or employee because of an act performed by that officer or employee in the lawful discharge of duties and under the provisions of this code shall be defended by the legal representative of the jurisdiction until the final termination of the proceedings. The fire code official or any subordinate shall not be liable for costs in an action, suit or proceeding that is instituted in pursuance of the provisions of this code; and any officer of the department of fire prevention, acting in good faith and without malice, shall be free from liability for acts performed under any of its provisions or by reason of any act or omission in the performance of official duties in connection therewith.
104.1 General. The fire code official is hereby authorized to enforce the provisions of this code and shall have the authority to render intepretations of this code, and to adopt policies, procedures, rules and regulations in order to clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations, policies, procedures, rules and regulations shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code and shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
104.2 Applications and permits.The fire code official is authorized to receive applications, review construction documents and issue permits for construction regualted by this code, issue permits for operations regulated by this code, inspect the premises for which such permits have been issued and enforce compliance with the provisions of this code.
104.3 Right of entry. Whenever it is necessary to make an inspection to enforce the provisions of this code, or whenever the fire code official has reasonable cause to belive that there exists in a building or upon any premises any conditions or violations of this code which make the building or premises unsafe, dangerous or hazardous, the fire code official shall have the authority to enter the building or premises at all reasonable times to inspect or to perform the duties imposed upon the fire code official by this code. If such building or premises is occupied, the fire code official shall present credentials to the occupant and request entry. If such building or premises is unoccupied, the fire code official shall first make a reasonable effort to locate the owner or other person having charge or control of the building or premises and request entry. If entry is refused, the fire code official has recourse to every remedy provided by law to secure entry.
11104.3.1 Warrant. When the fire code official has first obtained a proper inspection warrant or other remedy provided by law to secure entry, an owner or occupant or person having charge, care or control of the building or premises shall not fail or neglect, after proper request is made as herein provided, to permit entry therein by the fire code official for the purpose of inspection and examination pursuant to this code.
104.4 Identification. The fire code official shall carry proper identification when inspecting structures or premises in the performance of duties under this code.
104.5 Notices and orders.The fire code official authorized to issue such notices or orders as are required to affect compliance with this code in accordance with Sections 109.1 and 109.2.
104.6 Official records.The fire code official shall keep official records as required by Sections 104.6.1 through 104.6.4. Such official records shall be retained for not less than five years or for as long as the structure or activity to which such records relate remains in existence, unless otherwise provided by other regulations.
104.6.1 Approvals. A record of approvals shall be maintained by the fire code official and shall be available for public inspection during business hours in accordance with applicable laws.
104.6.2 Inspections. The fire code official shall keep a record of each inspection made, including notices and orders issued, showing the findings and disposition of each.
104.6.3 Fire records. The fire department shall keep a record of fires occurring within its jurisdiction and of facts concerning the same, including statistics as to the extent of such fires and the damage caused thereby, together with other information as required by the fire code official.
104.6.4 Administrative. Application for modification, alternative methods or materials and the final decision of the fire code official shall be in writing and shall be officially recorded in the permanent records of the fire code official.
104.7 Approved materials and equipment. All materials, equipment and devices approved by the fire code official shall be constructed and installed in accordance with such approval.
104.7.1 Material and equipment reuse. Materials, equipment and devices shall not be reused or reinstalled unless such elements have been reconditioned, tested and placed in good and proper working condition and approved.
104.7.2 Technical assistance. To determine the acceptability of technologies, processes, products, facilities, materials and uses attending the design, operation or use of a building or premises subject to inspection by the fire code official, the fire code official is authorized to require the owner or agent to provide, without charge to the jurisdiction, a technical opinion and report. The opinion and report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the fire code official and shall analyze the fire safety properties of the design, operation or use of the building or premises and the facilities and appurtenances situated thereon, to recommend necessary changes. The fire code official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design professional.
104.8 Modifications. Whenever there are practical difficulties involved in carrying out the provisions of this code, the fire code officialshall first find that special individual reason makes the strict letter of this code impractical and the modification is in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code and that such modification does not lessen health, life and fire safety requirements. The details of action granting modifications shall be recorded. The details of action granting modifications shall be recorded and entered in the files of the department of fire prevention.
104.9 Alternative materials and methods. The provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved. The fire code official is authorized to approve an alternative material or method of construction where the fire code official finds that the proposed design is satisfactory and complies with the intent of the provisions of this code, and that the material, method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, at least the equivalent of that prescribed in this code in quality, strength, effectiveness,fire resistance,durability and safety.
104.9.1 Research reports. Supporting data, when necessary to assist in the approval of materials or assemblies not specifically provided for in this code, shall consist of valid research reports from approved sources.
104.9.2 Tests. Whenever there is insufficient evidence of compliance with the provisions of this code, or evidence that a material or method does not conform to the requirements of this code, or in order to substantiate claims for alternative materials or methods, the fire code officials shall have the authority to require tests as evidence of compliance to be made at no expense to the jurisdiction. Test methods shall be as specified in this code or by other recognized test standards. In the absence of recognized and accepted test methods, the fire code official shall approve the testing procedures. Tests shall be performed by an approved agency. Reports of such tests shall be retained by the fire code official for the period required for retention of public records.
104.10 Fire investigations. The fire code official, the fire department or other responsible authority shall have the authority to investigate the cause, origin and circumstances of any fire, explosion or other hazardous condition. Information that could be related to trade secrets or processes shall not be made part of the public record except as directed by a court of law.
104.10.1 Assistance from other agencies. Police and other enforcement agencise shall have authority to render necessary assistance in the investigation of fires when requested to do so.
104.11 Authority at fires and other emergencies. The fire chief or officer of the fire department in charge at the scene of a fire or other emergency involving the protection of life or property or any part thereof, shall have the authority to direct such
12operation as necessary to extinguish or control any fire, perform any rescue operation, investigate the existence of suspected or reported fires, gas leaks or other hazardous conditions or situations, or take any other action necessary in the reasonable performance of duty. In the exercise of such power, the fire chief is authorized to prohibit any person, vehicle, vessel or thing from approaching the scene and is authorized to remove, or cause to be removed or kept away from the scene, any vehicle, vessel or thing which could impede or interfere with the operations of the fire department and, in the judgment of the fire chief, any person not actually and usefully employed in the extinguishing of such fire or in the preservation of property in the vicinity thereof.
104.11.1 Barricades. The fire chief or officer of the fire department in charge at the scene of an emergency is authorized to place ropes, guards, barricades or other obstructions across any street, alley, place or private property in the vicinity of such operation so as to prevent accidents or interference with the lawful efforts of the fire department to manage and control the situation and to handle fire apparatus.
104.11.2 Obstructing operations. No person shall obstruct the operations of the fire department in connection with extinguishment or control of any fire, or actions relative to other emergencies, or disobey any lawful command of the fire chief or officer of the fire department in charge of the emergency, or any part thereof, or any lawful order of a police officer assisting the fire department.
104.11.3 Systems and devices. No person shall render a system or device inoperative during an emergency unless by direction of the fire chief or fire department official in charge of the incident.
105.1 General. Permits shall be in accordance with Sections 105.1.1 through 105.7.14.
105.1.1 Permits required. Permits required by this code shall be obtained from the fire code official. Permit fees, if any, shall be paid prior to issuance of the permit. Issued permits shall be kept on the premises designated therein at all times and shall be readily available for inspection by the fire code official.
105.1.2 Types of permits. There shall be two types of permits as follows:
105.1.3 Permits for the same location. When more than one permit is required for the same location, the fire code official is authorized to consolidate such permits into a single permit provided that each provision is listed in the permit.
105.2 Application. Application for a permit required by this code shall be made to the fire code official in such form and detail as prescribed by the fire code official. Applications for permits shall be accompanied by such plans as prescribed by the fire code official.
105.2.1 Refusal to issue permit. If the application for a permit describes a use that does not conform to the requirements of this code and other pertinent laws and ordinances, the fire code official shall not issue a permit, but shall return the application to the applicant with the refusal to issue such permit. Such refusal shall, when requested, be in writing and shall contain the reasons for refusal.
105.2.2 Inspection authorized. Before a new operational permit is approved, the fire code official is authorized to inspect the receptacles, vehicles, buildings, devices, premises, storage spaces or areas to be used to determine compliance with this code or any operational constraints required.
105.2.3 Time limitation of application. An application for a permit for any proposed work or operation shall be deemed to have been abandoned 180 days after the date of filing, unless such application has been diligently prosecuted or a permit shall have been issued; except that the fire code official is authorized to grant one or more extensions of time for additional periods not exceeding 90 days each. The extension shall be requested in writing and justifiable cause demonstrated.
105.2.4 Action on application. The fire code official shall examine or cause to be examined applications for permits and amendments thereto within a reasonable time after filing. If the application or the construction documents do not conform to the requirements of pertinent laws, the fire code official shall reject such application in writing, stating the reasons therefore. If the fire code official is satisfied that the proposed work or operation conforms to the requirements of this code and laws and ordinances applicable thereto, the fire code official shall issue a permit there for as soon as practicable.
105.3 Conditions of a permit. A permit shall constitute permission to maintain, store or handle materials; or to conduct processes which produce conditions hazardous to life or property; or to install equipment utilized in connection with such activities; or to install or modify any fire protection system or equipment or any other construction, equipment installation or modification in accordance with the provisions of this code where a permit is required by Section 105.6 or 105.7. Such permission shall not be construed as authority to violate, cancel or set aside any of the provisions of this code or other applicable regulations or laws of the jurisdiction.
105.3.1 Expiration. An operational permit shall remain in effect until reissued, renewed, or revoked or for such a period of time as specified in the permit. Construction permits shall automatically become invalid unless the work authorized by such permit is commenced within 180 days after its issuance, or if the work authorized by such permit is
13suspended or abandoned for a period of 180 days after the time the work is commenced. Before such work recommences, a new permit shall be first obtained and the fee to recommence work, if any, shall be one-half the amount required for a new permit for such work, provided no changes have been made or will be made in the original construction documents for such work, and provided further that such suspension or abandonment has not exceeded one year. Permits are not transferable and any change in occupancy, operation, tenancy or ownership shall require that a new permit be issued.
105.3.2 Extensions. A permittee holding an unexpired permit shall have the right to apply for an extension of the time within which the permitted will commence work under that permit when work is unable to be commenced within the time required by this section for good and satisfactory reasons. The fire code official is authorized to grant, in writing, one or more extensions of the time period of a permit for periods of not more than 180 days each. Such extensions shall be requested by the permit holder in writing and justifiable cause demonstrated.
105.3.3 Occupancy Prohibited before approval. The building or structure shall not be occupied prior to the fire code official issuing a permit and conducting associated inspections indicating the applicable provisions of this code have been met.
105.3.4 Conditional permits. Where permits are required and upon the request of a permit applicant, the fire code official is authorized to issue a conditional permits to occupy the premises or portion thereof before the entire work or operations on the premises is completed, provided that such protion or portions will be occupied safely prior to full completion or installation of equipment and operations without endangering life or public welfare. The fire code official shall notifiy the permit applicant in writing of any limitations or restrictions necessary to keep the permit area safe. The holder of a conditional permit shall proceed only to the point for which approval has been given, at the permit holder's own risk and without assurance that approval for the occupancy of the utilization of the entire premises, equipment or operations will be granted.
105.3.5 Posting the permit. Issued permits shall be kept on the premises designated therein at all times and shall be readily available for inspection by the fire code official.
105.3.6 Compliance with code. The issuance or granting of a permit shall not be construed to be a permit for, or an approval of, any violation of any of the provisions of this code or of any other ordinance of the jurisdiction. Permits presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code or other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid. The issuance of a permit based on construction documents and other data shall not prevent the fire code official from requiring the correction of errors in the construction documents and other data. Any addition to or alteration of approved construction documents shall be approved in advance by the fire code official, as evidenced by the issuance of a new or amended permit.
105.3.7 Information on the permit. The fire code official shall issue all permits required by this code on an approved from furnished for that purpose. The permit shall contain a general description of the operation of occupancy and its location and any other information required by the fire code official. Issued permits shall bear the signature of the fire code officiate or other approved legal authorization.
105.3.8 Validity of permit. The issuance of granting of a permit shall not be construed to be a permit for, or an approval of, any violation of any of the provisions of this code or of any other ordinances of the jurisdiction. Permits presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code or other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid. The issuance of a permit based on construction documents, operational documents and other data shall not prevent the fire code official from requiring correction of errors in the documents or other data.
105.4 Construction documents.Construction documents shall be in accordance with this section.
105.4.1 Submittals. Construction documents and supporting data shall be submitted in two or more sets with each application for a permit and in such form and detail as required by the fire code official. The construction documents shall be prepared by a registered design professional where required by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed.
Exception: The fire code official is authorized to waive the submission of construction documents and supporting data not required to be prepared by a registered design professional if it is found that the nature of the work applied for is such that review of construction documents is not necessary to obtain compliance with this code.
105.4.1.1 Examination of documents. The fire code official shall examine or cause to be examined the accompanying construction documents and shall ascertain by such examinations whether the work indicated and described is in accordance with the requirements of this code.
105.4.2 Information on construction documents. Construction documents shall be drawn to scale upon suitable material. Electronic media documents are allowed to be submitted when approved by the fire code official. Construction documents shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code and relevent laws, ordinances, rules and regulations as determined by the fire code official.
105.4.2.1 Fire protection system shop drawings. Shop drawings for the fire protections system(s) shall be submitted to indicate compliance with this code and the construction documents and shall be approved prior to the start of installation. Shop drawings shall contain all information as required by the referenced installation standards in Chapter 9.
105.4.3 Applicant responsibility. It shall be the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that the construction documents
14include all of the fire protection requirements and the shop drawings are complete and in compliance with the applicable codes and standards.
105.4.4 Approved documents. Construction documents approved by the fire code official are approved with the intent that such construction documents comply in all respects with this code. Review and approved by the fire code official shall not relieve the applicant of the responsibility of compliance with this code.
105.4.4.1 Phased approval. The fire code official is authorized to issue a permit for the construction of part of a structure, system or operation before the construction documents for the whole structure, system or operation have been submitted, provided that adequate information and detailed statements have been filed complying with pertinent requirements of this code. The holder of such permit for parts of a structure, system or operation shall proceed at the holder's own risk with the building operation and without assurance that a permit for the entire structure, system or operation will be granted.
105.4.5 Corrected documents. Where field conditions necessitate any substantial change from the approved construction documents, the fire code official shall have the authority to require the corrected construction documents to be submitted for approval.
105.4.6 Retention of construction documents. One set of construction documents shall be retained by the fire code official for a period of not less than 180 days from date of completion of the permitted work, or as required by state or local laws. One set of approved construction documents shall be returned to the applicant, and said set shall be kept on the site of the building or work at all times during which the work authorized thereby is in progress.
105.5 Revocation. The fire code official is authorized to revoke a permit issued under the provisions of this code when it is found by inspection or otherwise that there has been a false statement or misrepresentation as to the material facts in the application or construction documents on which the permit or approval was based including, but not limited to, any one of the following:
105.6 Required operational permits. The fire code official is authorized to issue operational permits for the operations set forth in Sections 105.6.1 through 105.6.46.
105.6.1 Aerosol products. An operational permit is required to manufacture, store or handle and aggregate quantity of Level 2 or Level 3 aerosol products in excess of 500 pounds (227 kg) net weight.
105.6.2 Amusement buildings. An operational permit is required to operate a special amusement building.
105.6.3 Aviation facilities. An operational permit is required to use a Group H or Group S occupancy for aircraft servicing or repair and aircraft fuel-servicing vehicles. Additional permits required by other sections of this code include, but are not limited to, hot work, hazardous materials and flammable or combustible finishes.
105.6.4 Carnivals and fairs. An operational permit is required to conduct a carnival or fair.
105.6.5 Cellulose nitrate film. An operational permit is required to store, handle or use cellulose nitrate film in a Group A occupancy.
105.6.6 Combustible dust-producing operations. An operational permit is required to operate a grain elevator, flour starch mill, feed mill, or a plant pulverizing aluminum, coal, cocoa, magnesium, spices or sugar, or other operations producing combustible dusts as defined in Chapter 2.
105.6.7 Combustible fibers. An operational permit is required for the storage and handling of combustible fibers in quantities greater than 100 cubic feet (2° m3).
Exception: A permit is not required for agricultural storage.
105.6.8 Compressed gases. An operational permit is required for the storage, use of handling at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) of compressed gases in excess of the amounts listed in Table 105.6.8.
Exception: Vehicles equipped for and using compressed gas as a fuel for propelling the vehicle.
TYPE OF GAS | AMOUNT (cubic feet at NTP) |
---|---|
For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3. | |
Corrosive | 200 |
Flammable (except cryogenic fluids and liquefied petroleum gases) | 200 |
Highly toxic | Any Amount |
Inert and simple asphyxiant | 6,000 |
Oxidizing (including oxygen) | 504 |
Pyrophoric | Any Amount |
Toxic | Any Amount |
105.6.9 Covered mall buildings. An operational permit is required for:
105.6.10 Cryogenic fluids. An operational permit is required to produce, store, transport on site, use, handle or dispense cryogenic fluids in excess of the amounts listed in Table 105.6.10.
Exception: Permits are not required for vehicles equipped for and using cryogenic fluids as a fuel for propelling the vehicle or for refrigerating the lading.
TYPE OF CRYOGENIC FLUID | INSIDE BUILDING (gallons) | OUTSIDE BUILDING (gallons) |
---|---|---|
For SI: 1 gallon=3.785 L. | ||
Flammable | More than 1 | 60 |
Inert | 60 | 500 |
Oxidizing (includes oxygen) | 10 | 50 |
Physical or health hazard not indicated above | Any Amount | Any Amount |
105.6.11 Cutting and welding. An operational permit is required to conduct cutting or welding operations within the jurisdiction.
105.6.12 Dry cleaning plants. An operational permit is required to engage in the business of dry cleaning or to change to a more hazardous cleaning solvent used in existing dry cleaning equipment.
105.6.13 Exhibits and trade shows. An operational permit is required to operate exhibits and trade shows.
105.6.14 Explosives. An operational permit is required for the manufacture, storage, handling, sale or use of any quantity of explosives, explosive materials,fireworks or pyrotechnic special effects within the scope of Chapter 33.
Exception: Storage in Group R-3 occupancies of smokeless propellant, black powder and small arms primers for personal use, not for resale and in accordance with Section 3306.
105.6.15 Fire hydrants and valves. An operational permit is required to use or operate fire hydrants or valves intended for fire suppression purposes which are installed on water systems and accessible to a fire apparatus access road that is open to or generally used by the public.
Exception: A permit is not required for authorized employees of the water company that supplies the system or the fire department to use or operate fire hydrants or valves.
105.6.16 Flammable and combustible liquids. An operational permit is required:
Exception: Fuel oil and used motor oil used for space heating or water heating.
105.6.17 Floor finishing. An operational permit is required for floor finishing or surfacing operations exceeding 350 square feet (33 m2)using Class I or Class II liquids.
105.6.18 Fruit and crop ripening. An operational permit is required to operate a fruit– or crop–ripening facility or conduct a fruit-ripening process using ethylene gas.
105.6.19 Fumigation and thermal insecticidal fogging. An operational permit is required to operate a business of fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging and to maintain a room, vault or chamber in which a toxic or flammable fumigant is used.
105.6.20 Hazardous materials. An operational permit is required to store, transport on site, dispense, use or handle hazardous materials in excess of the amounts listed in Table 105.6.20.
105.6.21 HPM facilities. An operational permit is required to store, handle or use hazardous production materials.
105.6.22 High-piled storage. An operational permit is required to use a building or portion thereof as a high-piled storage area exceeding 500 square feet (46 m2).
105.6.23 Hot work operations. An operational permit is required for hot work including, but not limited to:
Exception: Work that is conducted under a construction permit.
105.6.24 Industrial ovens. An operational permit is required for operation of industrial ovens regulated by Chapter 21.
105.6.25 Lumber yards and woodworking plants. An operational permit is required for the storage or processing of lumber exceeding 100,000 board feet (8,333 ft3) (236 m3).
TYPE OF MATERIAL | AMOUNT |
---|---|
Combustible liquids | See Section 105.6.16 |
Corrosive materials | |
Gases | See Section 105.6.8 |
Liquids | 55 gallons |
Solids | 500 pounds |
Explosive materials | See Section 105.6.14 |
Flammable materials | |
Gases | See Section 105.6.8 |
Liquids | See Section 105.6.16 |
Solids | 100 pounds |
Highly toxic materials | |
Gases | See Section 105.6.8 |
Liquids | Any Amount |
Solids | Any Amount |
Oxidizing materials | |
Gases | See Section 105.6.8 |
Liquids | |
Class 4 | Any Amount |
Class 3 | 1 gallona |
Class 2 | 10 gallons |
Class 1 | 55 gallons |
Solids | |
Class 4 | Any Amount |
Class 3 | 10 poundsb |
Class 2 | 100 pounds |
Class 1 | 500 pounds |
Organic peroxides | |
Liquids | |
Class I | Any Amount |
Class II | Any Amount |
Class III | 1 gallon |
Class IV | 2 gallons |
Class V | No Permit Required |
Solids | |
Class I | Any Amount |
Class II | Any Amount |
Class III | 10 pounds |
Class IV | 20 pounds |
Class V | No Permit Required |
Pyrophoric materials | |
Gases | Any Amount |
Liquids | Any Amount |
Solids | Any Amount |
Toxic materials | |
Gases | See Section 105.6.8 |
Liquids | 10 gallons |
Solids | 100 pounds |
Unstable (reactive) materials | |
Liquids | |
Class 4 | Any Amount |
Class 3 | Any Amount |
Class 2 | 5 gallon |
Class 1 | 10 gallons |
Solids | |
Class 4 | Any Amount |
Class 3 | Any Amount |
Class 2 | 50 pounds |
Class 1 | 100 pounds |
Water-reactive materials | |
Liquids | |
Class 3 | Any Amount |
Class 2 | 5 gallons |
Class 1 | 55 gallons |
Solids | |
Class 3 | Any Amount |
Class 2 | 50 pounds |
Class 1 | 500 pounds |
For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 pound = 0.454 kg. | |
a. 20 gallons when Table 2703.1.1(1) Note k applies and hazard identification signs in accordance with Section 2703.5 are provided for quantities of 20 gallons or less. | |
b. 200 pounds when Table 2703.1.1(1) Note k applies and hazard identification signs in accordance with Section 2703.5 are provided for quantities of 200 pounds or less. |
105.6.26 Liquid– or gas–fueled vehicles or equipment in assembly buildings. An operational permit is required to display, operate or demonstrate liquid- or gas-fueled vehicles or equipment in assembly buildings.
105.6.27 LP-gas. An operational permit is required for:
Exception: A permit is not required for individual containers with a 500-gallon (1893 L) water capacity or less serving occupancies in Group R-3.
105.6.28 Magnesium. An operational permit is required to melt, cast, heat treat or grind more than 10 pounds (4.54 kg) of magnesium.
105.6.29 Miscellaneous combustible storage. An operational permit is required to store in any building or upon any premises in excess of 2,500 cubic feet (71 m3) gross volume of combustible empty packing cases, boxes, barrels or similar containers, rubber tires, rubber, cork or similar combustible material.
105.6.30 Open burning. An operational permit is required for the kindling or maintaining or an open fire or a fire on any public street, alley, road, or other public or private ground. Instructions and stipulations of the permit shall be adhered to.
Exception: Recreational fires.
105.6.31 Open flames and torches. An operational permit is required to remove paint with a torch; or to use a torch or open-flame device in a wildfire risk area.
105.6.32 Open flames and candles. An operational permit is required to use open flames or candles in connection with assembly areas, dining areas of restaurants or drinking establishments.
105.6.33 Organic coatings. An operational permit is required for any organic-coating manufacturing operation producing more than 1 gallon (4L) of an organic coating in one day.
105.6.34 Places of assembly. An operational permit is required to operate a place of assembly.
105.6.35 Private fire hydrants. An operational permit is required for the removal from service, use or operation of private fire hydrants.
Exception: A permit is not required for private industry with trained maintenance personnel, private fire brigade or fire departments to maintain, test and use private hydrants.
105.6.36 Pyrotechnic special effects material. An operational permit is required for use and handling of pyrotechnic special effects material.
105.6.37 Pyroxylin plastics. An operational permit is required for storage or handling of more than 25 pounds (11 kg) of cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastics and for the assembly or manufacture of articles involving pyroxylin plastics.
105.6.38 Refrigeration equipment. An operational permit is required to operate a mechanical refrigeration unit or system regulated by Chapter 6.
105.6.39 Repair garages and motor fuel-dispensing facilities. An operational permit is required for operation of repair garages and automotive, marine and fleet motor fuel-dispensing facilities.
105.6.40 Rooftop heliports. An operational permit is required for the operation of a rooftop heliport.
105.6.41 Spraying or dipping. An operational permit is required to conduct a spraying or dipping operation utilizing flammable or combustible liquids or the application of combustible powders regulated by Chapter 15.
105.6.42 Storage of scrap tires and tire byproducts. An operational permit is required to establish, conduct or maintain storage of scrap tires and tire byproducts that exceeds 2,500 cubic feet (71 m3) of total volume of scrap tires and for indoor storage of tires and tire byproducts.
105.6.43 Temporary membrane structures and tents. An operational permit is required to operate an air-supported temporary membrane structure or a tent having an area in excess of 400 square feet (37 m2).
Exceptions:
- Tents used exclusively for recreational camping purposes.
- Tents open on all sides, which comply with all of the following:
- Individual tents having a maximum size of 700 square feet (65 m2).
- The aggregate area of multiple tents placed side by side without a fire break clearance of not less than 12 feet (3658 mm) shall not exceed 700 square feet (65 m2) total.
- A minimum clearance of 12 feet (3658 mm) to structures and other tents shall be provided.
105.6.44 Tire-rebuilding plants. An operational permit is required for the operation and maintenance of a tire-rebuilding plant.
105.6.45 Waste handling. An operational permit is required for the operation of wrecking yards, junk yards and waste material-handling facilities.
105.6.46 Wood products. An operational permit is required to store chips, hogged material, lumber or plywood in excess of 200 cubic feet (6 m3).
105.6.47 Additional permits. In addition to the permits required by Section 105.6, the following permits shall be obtained from the Bureau of Fire Prevention prior to engaging in the following activities, operations, practices or functions:
105.7 Required construction permits. The fire code official is authorized to issue construction permits for work as set forth in Sections 105.7.1 through 105.7.14.
105.7.1 Automatic fire-extinguishing systems. A construction permit is required for installation of or modification to an automatic fire-extinguishing system. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered a modification and does not require a permit.
105.7.2 Battery systems. A permit is required to install stationary storage battery systems having a liquid capacity of more than 50 gallons (189 L).
105.7.3 Compressed gases. When the compressed gases in use or storage exceed the amounts listed in Table 105.6.8, a construction permit is required to install, repair damage to, abandon, remove, place temporarily out of service, or close or substantially modify a compressed gas system.
Exceptions:
- Routine maintenance.
- For emergency repair work performed on an emergency basis, application for permit shall be made within two working days of commencement of work.
105.7.4 Cryogenic fluids. A construction permit is required for installation of or alteration to outdoor stationary cryogenic fluid storage systems where the system capacity exceeds the amounts listed in Table 105.6.10. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered an alteration and does not require a construction permit.
105.7.5 Fire alarm and detection systems and related equipment. A construction permit is required for installation of or modification to fire alarm and detection systems and related equipment. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered a modification and does not require a permit.
105.7.6 Fire pumps and related equipment. A construction permit is required for installation of or modification to fire pumps and related fuel tanks, jockey pumps, controllers and generators. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered a modification and does not require a permit.
105.7.7 Flammable and combustible liquids. A construction permit is required:
105.7.8 Hazardous materials. A construction permit is required to install, repair damage to, abandon, remove, place temporarily out of service, or close or substantially modify a storage facility or other area regulated by Chapter 27 when the hazardous materials in use or storage exceed the amounts listed in Table 105.6.20.
Exceptions:
- Routine maintenance.
- For emergency repair work performed on an emergency basis, application for permit shall be made within two working days of commencement of work.
105.7.9 Industrial ovens. A construction permit is required for installation of industrial ovens covered by Chapter 21.
Exceptions:
- Routine maintenance.
- For repair work performed on an emergency basis, application for permit shall be made within two working days of commencement of work.
105.7.10 LP-gas. A construction permit is required for installation of or modification to an LP-gas system.
105.7.11 Private fire hydrants. A construction permit is required for the installation or modification of private fire hydrants.
105.7.12 Spraying or dipping. A construction permit is required to install or modify a spray room, dip tank or booth.
105.7.13 Standpipe systems. A construction permit is required for the installation, modification or removal from service of a standpipe system. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered a modification and does not require a permit.
105.7.14 Temporary membrane structures and tents. A construction permit is required to erect an air-supported temporary membrane structure or a tent having an area in excess of 400 square feet (37 m2).
Exceptions:
- Tents used exclusively for recreational camping purposes.
- Funeral tents and curtains or extensions attached thereto, when used for funeral services.
- Tents and awnings open on all sides which comply with all of the following:
- Individual tents shall have a maximum size of 700 square feet (65 m2).
- The aggregate area of multiple tents placed side by side without a fire break clearance 19 of not less than 12 feet (3658 mm) shall not exceed 700 square feet (65 m2) total.
- A minimum clearance of 12 feet (3658 mm) to structures and other tents shall be maintained.
106.1 Inspection authority. The fire code official is authorized to enter and examine any building, structure, marine vessel, vehicle or premises in accordance with Section 104.3 for the purpose of enforcing this code.
106.2 Inspections. The fire code official is authorized to conduct such inspections as are deemed necessary to determine the extent of compliance with the provisions of this code and to approve reports of inspection by approved agencies or individuals. All reports of such inspections shall be prepared and submitted in writing for review and approval. Inspection reports shall be certified by a responsible officer of such approved agency or by the responsible individual. The fire code official is authorized to engage such expert opinion as deemed necessary to report upon unusual, detailed or complex technical issues subject to the approval of the governing body.
106.2.1 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the holder of the permit or their duly authorized agent to notify the fire code official when work is ready for inspection. It shall be the duty of the permit holder to provide access to and means for inspections of such work that are required by this code.
106.2.2 Approval required. Work shall not be done beyond the point indicated in each successive inspection without first obtaining the approval of the fire code official. The fire code official, upon notification, shall make the requested inspections and shall either indicate the portion of the construction that is satisfactory as completed, or notify the permit holder or his or her agent wherein the same fails to comply with this code. Any portions that do not comply shall be corrected and such portion shall not be covered or concealed until authorized by the fire code official.
106.3 Concealed work. It shall be the duty of the permit applicant to cause the work to remain accessible and exposed for inspection purposes. Whenever any installation subject to inspection prior to use is covered or concealed without having first been inspected, the fire code official shall have the authority to require that such work be exposed for inspection. Neither the fire code official nor the jurisdiction shall be liable for expense entailed in the removal or replacement of any material required to allow inspection.
106.4 Approvals. Approval as the result of an inspection shall not be construed to be an approval of a violation of the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction. Inspections presuming to give authority to violate or cancel provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid.
107.1 Maintenance of safeguards. Whenever or wherever any device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or any other feature is required for compliance with the provisions of this code, or otherwise installed, such device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or other feature shall thereafter be continuously maintained in accordance with this code and applicable referenced standards.
107.2 Testing and operation. Equipment requiring periodic testing or operation to ensure maintenance shall be tested or operated as specified in this code.
107.2.1 Test and inspection records. Required test and inspection records shall be available to the fire code official at all times or such records as the designates shall be filed with the fire code official.
107.2.2 Reinspection and testing. Where any work or installation does not pass an initial test or inspection, the necessary corrections shall be made so as to achieve compliance with this code. The work or installation shall then be resubmitted to the fire code official for inspection and testing.
107.3 Supervision. Maintenance and testing shall be under the supervision of a responsible person who shall ensure that such maintenance and testing are conducted at specified intervals in accordance with this code.
107.4 Rendering equipment inoperable. Portable or fixed fire-extinguishing systems or devices and fire-warning systems shall not be rendered inoperative or inaccessible except as necessary during emergencies, maintenance, repairs, alterations, drills or prescribed testing.
107.5 Owner/occupant responsibility. Correction and abatement of violations of this code shall be the responsibility of the owner. If an occupant creates, or allows to be created, hazardous conditions in violation of this code, the occupant shall be held responsible for the abatement of such hazardous conditions.
107.6 Overcrowding. Overcrowding or admittance of any person beyond the approved capacity of a building or a portion thereof shall not be allowed. The fire code official, upon finding any overcrowding conditions or obstructions in aisles, passageways or other means of egress, or upon finding any condition which constitutes a life safety hazard, shall be authorized to cause the event to be stopped until such condition or obstruction is corrected.
108.1 Board of appeals established. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions or determinations made by the fire code official relative to the application and interpretation of this code, there shall be and is hereby created a board of appeals. The board of appeals shall be appointed by the governing body and shall hold office at its pleasure. The fire code official shall be an ex officio member of said board but shall have
20no vote on any matter before the board. The board shall adopt rules of procedure for conducting its business, and shall render all decisions and findings in writing to the appellant with a duplicate copy to the fire code official.
108.2 Limitations on authority. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the intent of this code or the rules legally adopted hereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply, or an equivalent method of protection or safety is proposed. The board shall have no authority to waive requirements of this code.
108.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of members who are qualified by experience and training to pass on matter pertaining to hazards of fire, explosions, hazardous conditions or fire protection systems and are not employees of the jurisdiction.
109.1 Unlawful acts. It shall be unlawful for a person, firm or corporation to erect, construct, alter, repair, remove, demolish or utilize a building, occupancy, premises or system regulated by this code, or cause same to be done, in conflict with or in violation of any of the provisions of this code.
109.2 Notice of violation. When the fire code official finds a building, premises, vehicle, storage facility or outdoor area that is in violation of this code, the fire code official is authorized to prepare a written notice of violation describing the conditions deemed unsafe and, when compliance is not immediate, specifying a time for reinspection.
109.2.1 Service. A notice of violation issued pursuant to this code shall be served upon the Owner, operator, occupant or other person responsible for the condition or violation, either by personal service, mail or by delivering the same to, and leaving it with, some person of responsibility upon the premises. For unattended or abandoned locations, a copy of such notice of violation shall be posted on the premises in a conspicuous place at or near the entrance to such premises and the notice of violation shall be mailed by certified mail with return receipt requested or a certificate of mailing, to the last known address of the owner, occupant or both.
109.2.2 Compliance with orders and notices. A notice of violation issued or served as provided by this code shall be complied with by the owner, operator, occupant or other person responsible for the condition or violation to which the notice of violation pertains.
109.2.3 Prosecution of violations. If the notice of violation is not complied with promptly, the fire code official is authorized to request the legal counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the appropriate legal proceedings at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate such violation or to require removal or termination of the unlawful occupancy of the structure in violation of the provisions of this code or of the order or direction made pursuant hereto.
109.2.4 Unauthorized tampering. Signs, tags or seals posted or affixed by the fire code official shall not be mutilated, destroyed or tampered with or removed without authorization from the fire code official.
109.3 Violation penalties. Persons who shall violate a provision of this code or shall fail to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter, repair or do work in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the fire code official, or of a permit or certificate used under provisions of this code, shall be guilty of a [SPECIFY OFFENSE], punishable by a fine of not more than [AMOUNT] dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding [NUMBER OF DAYS], or both such fine and imprisonment. Each day that a violation continues after due notice has been served shall be deemed a separate offense.
109.3.1 Abatement of violation. In addition to the imposition of the penalties herein described, the fire code official is authorized to institute appropriate action to prevent unlawful construction or to restrain, correct or abate a violation; or to prevent illegal occupancy of a structure or premises; or to stop an illegal act, conduct of business or occupancy of a structure on or about any premises.
110.1 General. If during the inspection of a premises, a building or structure or any building system, in whole or in part, constitutes a clear and inimical threat to human life, safety or health, the fire code official shall issue such notice or order to remove or remedy the conditions as shall be deemed necessary in accordance with this section and shall refer the building to the building department for any repairs, alterations, remodeling, removing or demolition required.
110.1.1 Unsafe conditions. Structures or existing equipment that are or hereafter become unsafe or deficient because of inadequate means of egress or which constitute a fire hazard, or are otherwise dangerous to human life or the public welfare, or which involve illegal or improper occupancy or inadequate maintenance, shall be deemed an unsafe condition. A vacant structure which is not secured against unauthorized entry as required by Section 311 shall be deemed unsafe.
110.1.2 Structural hazards. When an apparent structural hazard is caused by the faulty installation, operation or malfunction of any of the items or devices governed by this code, the fire code official shall immediately notify the building code official in accordance with Section 110.1.
110.2 Evacuation. The fire code official or the fire department official in charge of an incident shall be authorized to order the immediate evacuation of any occupied building deemed unsafe when such building has hazardous conditions that present imminent danger to building occupants. Persons so notified shall immediately leave the structure or premises and shall not enter or re-enter until authorized to do so by the fire code official or the fire department official in charge of the incident.
110.3 Summary abatement. Where conditions exist that are deemed hazardous to life and property, the fire code official or fire department official in charge of the incident is authorized
21to abate summarily such hazardous conditions that are in violation of this code.
110.4 Abatement. The owner, operator or occupant of a building or premises deemed unsafe by the fire code official shall abate or cause to be abated or corrected such unsafe conditions either by repair, rehabilitation, demolition or other approved corrective action.
111.1 Order. Whenever the fire code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the fire code official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
111.2 Issuance. A stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property, or to the owner’s agent, or to the person doing the work. Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for the order, and the conditions under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
111.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the fire code official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
111.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be liable to a fine of not less than [AMOUNT] dollars or more than [AMOUNT] dollars.
112.1 Authority to disconnect service utilities. The fire code official shall have the authority to authorize disconnection of utility service to the building, structure or system in order to safely execute emergency operations or to eliminate an immediate hazard. The fire code official shall notify the serving utility and, whenever possible, the owner and occupant of the building, structure or service system of the decision to disconnect prior to taking such action if not notified prior to disconnection. The owner or occupant of the building, structure or service system shall be notified in writing as soon as practical thereafter.
113.1 Fees. A permit shall not be issued until the fees have been paid, not shall an amendment to a permit be released until the additional fee, if any, has been paid.
113.2 Schedule of permit fees. A fee for each permit shall be paid as required, in accordance with the schedule as established by the applicable governing authority.
113.3 Work commencing before permit issuance. Any person who commences any work, activity or operation regulated by this code before obtaining the necessary permits shall be subject to an additional fee established by the applicable governing authority, which shall be in addition to the required permit fees.
113.4 Related fees. The payment of the fee for the construction, alteration, removal or demolition of work done in connection to or concurrently with the work or activity authorized by a permit shall not relieve the applicant or holder of the permit from the payment of other fees that are prescribed by law.
113.5 Refunds. The applicable governing authority is authorized to establish a refund policy.
22Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire CA chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) |
X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below |
|||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
Aged Home or Institution | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Assembly | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Assembly Building | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Bedridden Person | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Building | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Care and Supervision | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Catastrophically Injured | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Cell | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Cell Complex | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Cell Tiers | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Child Care Center | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Child or Children | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Chronically III | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Congregate Living Health Facility (CLHF) |
X | ||||||||||||||||||
Congregate Residence | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Day-Care | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Day-Care Home, Family | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Day-Care Home, Large Family | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Day-Care Home, Small Family | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Day Room | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Enforcing Agency | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Fire Appliance | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Guideway Transit System | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Full-Time Care | X | ||||||||||||||||||
High-Rise Building | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Holding Facility | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Housing Unit | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Infant | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Laboratory | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Lodging House | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Mentally Retarded Persons, Profoundly or Severely |
X | ||||||||||||||||||
Modernization Project | X | ||||||||||||||||||
New Public School Campus | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Nonaccessible Area | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Nonambulatory Persons | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Noncombustible | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy Classification | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Permanent Portable Building | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Portable Building | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Portable Building, Exempted | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Protective Social Care Facility | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Residential Care Facility for the Chronically III (RCF/CI) |
X | ||||||||||||||||||
Residential Care Facility For The Elderly (RCFE) |
X | ||||||||||||||||||
Residential Facility(RF) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Restraint | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Terminally III | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Winery Caves | X |
201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly state, the following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this code, have the meanings shown in this chapter.
201.2 Interchangeability. Words used in the present tense include the future; words stated in the masculine gender include the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes the plural and the plural, the singular.
201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not defined in this code and are defined in the California Building Code, California Mechanical Code or California Plumbing Code, such terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them as in those codes.
201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined through the methods authorized by this section, such terms shall have ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context implies. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th Edition, shall be considered as providing ordinarily accepted meanings.
[B] ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS. See Section 1002.1.
[B] ACCESSIBLE ROUTE. A continuous, unobstructed path that complies with Chapter 11 of the California Building Code.
AEROSOL. See Section 2802.1.
Level 1 aerosol products. See Section 2802.1.
Level 2 aerosol products. See Section 2802.1.
Level 3 aerosol products. See Section 2802.1.
AEROSOL CONTAINER. See Section 2802.1.
AEROSOL WAREHOUSE. See Section 2802.1.
AGED HOME OR INSTITUTION. A facility used for the housing of persons 65 years of age or older in need of care and supervision. (See definition of “care and supervision”)
AGENT. A person who shall have charge, care or control of any structure as owner, or agent of the owner, or as executor, executrix, administrator, administratrix, trustee or guardian of the estate of the owner. Any such person representing the actual owner shall be bound to comply with the provisions of this code to the same extent as if that person was the owner.
[B] AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. A structure designed and constructed to house farm implements, hay, grain, poultry, livestock or other horticultural products. This structure shall not be a place of human habitation or a place of employment where agricultural products are processed, treated or packaged, not shall it be a place used by the public.
[B] AIR-INFLATED STRUCTURE. See Section 2402.1.
AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURE. See Section 2402.1.
AIRCRAFT MOTOR-VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. See Section 2202.1.
AIRCRAFT OPERATION AREA (AOA). See Section 1102.1.
AIRPORT. See Section 1102.1.
[B] AISLE. See Section 1002.1.
[B] AISLE ACCESSWAY. See Section 1002.1.
ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. See Section 902.1.
ALARM SIGNAL. See Section 902.1.
ALARM VERIFICATION FEATURE. See Section 902.1.
ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB. See Section 3402.1.
ALCOHOL BLENDED FUELS. See Section 2202.1.
[EB] ALTERATION. Any construction or renovation to an existing structure other than a repair or addition.
[B] ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE. See Section 1002.1.
[B] AMBULATORY HEALTH CARE FACILITY. Buildings or portions thereof used to provide medical, surgical, psychiatric, nursing or similar care on a less than 24-hour basis to individuals who are rendered incapable of self-preservation.
AMMONIUM NITRATE. See Section 3302.1.
ANNUNCIATOR. See Section 902.1.
APPROVED. Acceptable to the fire code official.
[B] AREA, BUILDING. The area included within surrounding exterior walls (or exterior walls and fire walls) exclusive of vent shafts and courts. Areas of the building not provided with surrounding walls shall be included in the building area if such areas are included within the horizontal projection of the roof or floor above.
[B] AREA OF REFUGE. See Section 1002.1.
ARRAY. See Section 2302.1.
ARRAY, CLOSED. See Section 2302.1.
ASSEMBLY. The gathering together of 50 or more persons for such purposes as deliberation, education, instruction, worship, entertainment, amusement, drinking, dining or awaiting transportation.
ASSEMBLY BUILDING. A building or portion of a building used for the gathering together of 50 or more persons for such purposes as deliberation, education, instruction, worship, entertainment, amusement, drinking or dining, or awaiting transportation. Any building or structure or portion thereof used or intended to be used for the showing of motion pictures when an admission fee is charged and when such building or
25structure is open to the public and has a capacity of 10 or more persons.
[B] ATRIUM, An opening connecting two or more stories other than enclosed stairways, elevators, hoistways, escalators, plumbing, electrical, air-conditioning or other equipment, which is closed at the top and not defined as a mall. Stories, as used in this definition, do not include balconies within assembly groups or mezzanines that comply with Section 505 of the California Building Code.
[B] ATTIC. The space between the ceiling beams of the top story and the roof rafters.
AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. See Section 902.1.
AUTOMATED RACK STORAGE. See Section 2302.1.
AUTOMATIC. See Section 902.1.
AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.
AUTOMATIC SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.
AUTOMATIVE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. See Section 2202.1.
AVERAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL. See Section 902.1.
[B] AWING. An architectural projection that provides weather protection, identity or decoration and is wholly supported by the building to which it is attached. An awning is comprised of a lightweight, rigid skeleton structure over which a covering is attached.
BARRICADE. See Section 3302.1.
Artificial barricade. See Section 3302.1.
Natural barricade. See Section 3302.1.
BARRICADED. See Section 3302.1.
[B] BASEMENT. A story that is not a story above grade plane.
BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY LEAD ACID. See Section 602.1.
BATTERY TYPES. See Section 602.1.
Lithium-ion battery. See Section 602.1.
Lithium metal polymer battery. See Section 602.1.
Nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery. See Section 602.1.
Nonrecombinant battery. See Section 602.1.
Recombinant battery. See Section 602.1.
Stationary storage battery. See Section 602.1.
Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery. See Section 602.1.
Vented (Flooded) lead-acid battery. See Section 602.1.
BEDRIDDEN PERSON. A person, requiring assistance in turning and repositioning in bed, or being unable to independently transfer to and from bed, except in facilities with appropriate and sufficient care staff, mechanical devices if necessary, and safety precautions as determined in Title 22 regulations, by the Director of Social Services or his or her designated representative.
The Director of Social Services or his or her designated representative shall make the determination of the bedridden status of persons with developmental disabilities, in consultation with the Director of Developmental Services or his or her designated representative.
The Director of Social Services or his or her designated representative shall make the determination of the bedridden status of all other persons with disabilities who are not developmentally disabled.
BIN BOX. See Section 2302.1.
BLAST AREA. See Section 3302.1.
BLAST SITE. See Section 3302.1.
BLASTER. See Section 3302.1.
BLASTING AGENT. See Section 3302.1.
[B] BLEACHERS. See Section 1002.1.
[B] BOARDING HOUSE. A building arranged or used for lodging for compensation, with or without meals, and not occupied as a single-family unit.
BOILING POINT. See Section 2702.1.
BONFIRE. See Section 302.1.
BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU). The heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 pound (0.454 kg) of water by 1°F (0.5565°C).
[B] BUILDING. Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy.
Note: Building shall have the same meaning as defined in Health and Safety Code Sections 17920 and 18908 for the applications specified in Section 1.11.
[B] BUILDING OFFICIAL. The officer or other designated authority charged with the administration and enforcement of the California Building Code, or a duly authorized representative.
BULK HYDROGEN COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM. See Section 3502.1.
BULK LIQUEFIED HYDROGEN GAS SYSTEM. See Section 3502.1.
BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM. See Section 4002.1.
BULK PLANT OR TERMINAL. See Section 3402.1.
BULK TRANSFER. See Section 3402.1.
BULLET RESISTANT. See Section 3302.1.
CANOPY. A structure or architectural projection of rigid construction over which a covering is attached that provides weather protection, identity or decoration, and may be structurally independent or supported by attachment to a building on one end and by not less than one stanchion on the outer end.
CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.
26CARE AND SUPERVISION. Any one or more of the following activities provided by a person or facility to meet the needs of the clients:
Assistance in dressing, grooming, bathing and other personal hygiene.
Assistance with taking medication.
Central storing and/or distribution of medications.
Arrangement of and assistance with medical and dental care.
Maintenance of house rules for the protection of clients.
Supervision of client schedules and activities.
Maintenance and/or supervision of client cash resources or property.
Monitoring food intake or special diets.
Providing basic services required by applicable law and regulation to be provided by the licensee in order to obtain and maintain a community-care facility license.
CARTON. A cardboard or fiberboard box enclosing a product.
CATASTROPHICALLYINJURED. A person whose origin of disability was acquired through trauma or nondegenerative neurologic illness, for whom it has been determined by the Department of Health Services Certification and Licensing that active rehabilitation would be beneficial.
CEILING LIMIT. See Section 2702.1.
CELL. A housing unit in a detention or correctional facility for the confinement of not more than two inmates or prisoners.
CELL COMPLEX. A cluster or group of cells or dormitories in a jail, prison or other detention facility, together with rooms used for accessory purposes, all of which open into the cell complex, and are used for functions such as dining, counseling, exercise, classrooms, sick call, visiting, storage, staff offices, control rooms or similar functions, and interconnecting corridors all within the cell complex.
CELL TIERS. Cells, dormitories and accessory spaces. Cell tiers are located one level above the other, and do not exceed two levels per floor. A cell tier shall not be considered a story or mezzanine.
CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY. A change in the purpose or level of activity within a building that involves a change in application of the requirements of this code.
CHEMICAL. See Section 2702.1.
CHEMICAL NAME. See Section 2702.1.
CHILD CARE CENTER. Any facility of any capacity other than a large or small family day-care home as defined in these regulations in which less than 24-hour-per-day nonmedical supervision is provided for children in a group setting.
[B] CHILD CARE FACILITIES. Facilities that provide care on a 24-hour basis to more than six childrenunder 2 years of age.
CHILD OR CHILDREN. A person or persons under the age of 18 years.
[B] CHIMNEY. A primarily vertical enclosure containing one or more passageways for conveying flue gases to the outside atmosphere.
CHRONICALLY ILL. See “Terminally Ill.”
CLEAN AGENT. See Section 902.1
[B] CLINIC-OUTPATIENT. Buildings or portions thereof used to provide medical care on less than a 24-hour basis to individuals who are not classified as nonambulatory or bed ridden or rendered incapable of self-preservation by the services provided.
CLOSED CONTAINER. See Section 2702.1.
CLOSED SYSTEM. The use of a solid or liquid hazardous material involving a closed vessel or system that remains closed during normal operations where vapors emitted by the product are not liberated outside of the vessel or system and the product is not exposed to the atmosphere during normal operations; and all uses of compressed gases. Examples of closed systems for solids and liquids include product conveyed through a piping system into a closed vessel, system or piece of equipment.
COLD DECK. See Section 1902.1.
COMBUSTIBLE DUST. See Section 1302.1.
COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS. See Section 2902.1.
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID. See Section 3402.1.
Class II. See Section 3402.1.
Class IIIA. See Section 3402.1.
Class IIIB. See Section 3402.1.
[M] COMMERCIAL COOKING APPLIANCES. See Section 602.1.
COMMODITY. See Section 2302.1.
[B] COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL. See Section 1002.1.
COMPRESSED GAS. See Section 3002.1.
COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINER. See Section 3002.1.
COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM. See Section 3002.1.
[B] CONGREGATE LIVING FACILITIES. A building or part thereof that contains sleeping units where residents share bathroom and/or kitchen facilities.
CONGREGATE LIVING HEALTH FACILITY (CLHF). A residential home with a capacity of no more than six beds, which provides inpatient care, including the following basic services: medical supervision, 24-hour skilled nursing and supportive care, pharmacy, dietary, social recreational, and at least provides services for persons who are diagnosed with a terminal illness or who are catastrophically and severely disabled.
CONGREGATE RESIDENCE. Any building or portion thereof that contains facilities for living, sleeping and sanitation, as required by this code, and may include facilities for eating and cooking, for occupancy by other than a family. A congregate residence may be a shelter, convent, monastery, dormitory, fraternity or sorority house, but does not include jails, hospitals, nursing homes, hotels or lodging houses.
CONSTANTLY ATTENDED LOCATION. See Section 902.1.
27CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS. The written, graphic and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for describing the design, location and physical characteristics of the elements of the project necessary for obtaining a permit.
CONTAINER. See Section 2702.1.
CONTAINMENT SYSTEM. See Section 3702.1.
CONTAINMENT VESSEL. See Section 3702.1.
CONTINUOUS GAS DETECTION SYSTEM. See Section 1802.1.
CONTROL AREA. See Section 2702.1.
[B] CORRIDOR. See Section 1002.1.
CORROSIVE. See Section 3102.1.
COTTON. See Section 2902.1.
Baled cotton. See Section 2902.1.
Baled cotton, densely packed. See Section 2902.1.
Seed cotton. See Section 2902.1.
[B] COURT. An open, uncovered space, unobstructed to the sky, bounded on three or more sides by exterior building walls or other enclosing devices.
[B] COVERED MALL BUILDING. A single building enclosing a number of tenants and occupants such as retail stores, drinking and dining establishments, entertainment and amusement facilities, passenger transportation terminals, offices, and other similar uses wherein two or more tenants have a main entrance into one or more malls. For the purpose of this chapter, anchor buildings shall not be considered as a part of the covered mall building. The term “covered mall building” shall include open mall buildings as defined below.
Mall. A roofed or covered common pedestrian area within a covered mall building that serves as access for two or more tenants and not to exceed three levels that are open to each other. The term “mall” shall include open malls as defined below.
Open mall. An unroofed common pedestrian way serving a number of tenants not exceeding three levels. Circulation at levels above grade shall be permitted to include open exterior balconies leading to exits discharging at grade.
Open mall building. Several structures housing a number of tenants such as retail stores, drinking and dining establishments, entertainment and amusement facilities, offices, and other similar uses wherein two or more tenants have a main entrance into one or more open malls. For the purpose of Chapter 4 of the California Building Code, anchor buildings are not considered as a part of the open mall building.
CRYOGENIC CONTAINER. See Section 3202.1.
CRYOGENIC FLUID. See Section 3202.1.
CRYOGENIC VESSEL. See Section 3202.1.
CYLINDER. See Section 2702.1.
[B]DAMPER. See “Fire damper” and “Smoke damper.”
DAY BOX. See Section 2702.1.
DAY-CARE. Means the care of persons during any period of a 24-hour day where permanent sleeping accommodations are not provided.
Note: “Day-care” shall not be construed to preclude the use of cots or mats for napping purposes, provided all employees, attendants and staff personnel are awake and on duty in the area where napping occurs.
DAY-CARE HOME, FAMILY. A home that regularly provides care, protection and supervision for 14 or fewer children, in the provider’s own home, for periods of less than 24 hours per day, while the parents or guardians are away, and is either a large family day-care home or a small family day-care home.
DAY-CARE HOME, LARGE FAMILY. A providers own home licensed to provide day-care for periods less than 24 hours per day for nine to 14 persons, including children under the age of 10 years who reside at the home.
DAY-CARE HOME, SMALL FAMILY. A home which provides family day-care to eight or fewer children, including children under the age of 10 years who reside at the home, in the provider’s own home, for periods of less than 24 hours per day. Small family day-care homes are exempted from state fire and life safety regulations other than those state and local standards applicable to Group R-3 occupancies. [See Health and Safety Code, Section 13143 (b).]
DAY ROOM. A room which is adjacent to a cell, or cell tier, or dormitory and which is used as a dining, exercise or other activity room for inmates.
DECORATIVE MATERIALS. All materials applied over the building interior finish for decorative, accoustical or other effect (such as curtains, draperies, fabrics, streamers and surface coverings) and all other materials utilized for decorative effect (such as batting, cloth, cotton, hay, stalks, straw, vines, leaves, trees, moss and similar items), including foam plastics and materials containing foam plastics. Decorative materials do not include floor coverings, ordinary window shades, interior finish and materials 0.025 inch (0.64 mm) or less in thickness applied directly to and adhering tightly to a substrate.
DEFLAGRATION. See Section 2702.1.
DELUGE SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.
DESIGN PRESSURE. See Section 2702.1.
DETACHED BUILDING. See Section 2702.1.
DETEARING. See Section 1502.1.
DETECTOR, HEAT. See Section 902.1.
DETONATING CORD. See Section 3302.1.
DETONATION. See Section 3302.1.
DETONATOR. See Section 3302.1.
[B] DETOXIFICATION FACILITIES. Facilities that serve patients who are provided treatment for substance abuse on a 24-hour basis and who are incapable of self-preservation or classified as nonambulatory or bedridden or who are harmful to themselves or others.
DIP TANK. See Section 1502.1.
DISCHARGE SITE. See Section 3302.1.
28DISPENSING. See Section 2702.1.
DISPENSING DEVICE, OVERHEAD TYPE. See Section 2202.1.
DISPLAY SITE. See Section 3302.1.
[B] DOOR, BALANCED. See Section 1002.1.
[B] DORMITORY. A space in a building where group sleeping accommodations are provided in one room, or in a series of closely associated rooms, for persons not members of the same family group, under joint occupancy and single management, as in college dormitories or fraternity houses.
DRAFT CURTAIN. See Section 2302.1.
[B] DRAFTSTOP. See Section 702.1.
DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. See Section 902.1.
DRY CLEANING. See Section 1202.1.
DRY CLEANING PLANT. See Section 1202.1.
DRY CLEANING ROOM. See Section 1202.1.
DRY CLEANING SYSTEM. See Section 1202.1.
[B] DWELLING. A building that contains one or twodwelling units,used, intended or designed to be used, rented, leased, let or hired out to be occupied for living purposes.
[B] DWELLING UNIT. A single unit providing complete, independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation.
EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE (ESFR) SPRINKLER. See Section 2302.1.
[B] EGRESS COURT. See Section 1002.1.
ELECTROSTATIC FLUIDIZED BED. See Section 1502.1.
ELEVATOR GROUP. See Section 902.1.
EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.
EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION. See Section 1802.1.
[B] EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING. See Section 1002.1.
EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRILL. See Section 402.1.
EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE. A valve designed to shut off the flow of gases or liquids.
EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE, AUTOMATIC. A fail-safe automatic-closing valve designed to shut off the flow of gases or liquids initiated by a control system that is activated by automatic means.
EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE, MANUAL. A manually operated valve designed to shut off the flow of gases or liquids.
EMERGENCY VOICE/ALARM COMMUNICATIONS. See Section 902.1.
ENFORCING AGENCY. The designated department or agency as specified by statute or regulation.
[B] EQUIPMENT PLATFORM. An unoccupied, elevated platform used exclusively for mechanical systems or industrial process equipment, including the associated elevated walk-ways, stairs, alternating tread devices and ladders necessary to access the platform (see Section 505.5 of the California Building Code.)
EXCESS FLOW CONTROL. See Section 2702.1.
EXCESS FLOW VALVE. See Section 3702.1.
EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE. See Section 2702.1.
EXISTING. See Section 4602.1.
[B] EXIT. See Section 1002.1.
[B] EXIT ACCESS. See Section 1002.1.
[B] EXIT ACCESS DOORWAY. See Section 1002.1.
[B] EXIT DISCHARGE. See Section 1002.1.
[B] EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OF. See Section 1002.1.
[B] EXIT ENCLOSURE. See Section 1002.1.
[B] EXIT HORIZONTAL. See Section 1002.1.
[B] EXIT PASSAGEWAY. See Section 1002.1.
EXPANDED PLASTIC. See Section 2302.1.
EXPLOSION. See Section 2702.1.
EXPLOSIVE. See Section 3302.1.
High Explosive. See Section 3302.1.
Low Explosive. See Section 3302.1.
Mass-detonating Explosives. See Section 3302.1.
UN/DOTn Class 1 Explosive. See Section 3302.1.
Division 1.1. See Section 3302.1.
Division 1.2. See Section 3302.1.
Division 1.3. See Section 3302.1.
Division 1.4. See Section 3302.1.
Division 1.5. See Section 3302.1.
Division 1.6. See Section 3302.1.
EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL. See Section 3302.1.
[B] EXTERIOR WALL. A wall, bearing or nonbearing, that is used as an enclosing wall for a building, other than a fire wall, and that has a slope of 60 degrees (1.05 rad) or greater with the horizontal plane.
EXTRA-HIGH-RACK COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE. See Section 2302.1.
FABRICATION AREA. See Section 1802.1.
FACILITY. A building or use in a fixed location including exterior storage areas for flammable and combustible substances and hazardous materials, piers, wharves, tank farms and similar uses. This term includes recreational vehicles, mobile home and manufactured housing parks, sales and storage lots.
FAIL-SAFE. A design condition incorporating a feature for automatically counteracting the effect of an anticipated possible source of failure; also, a design condition eliminating or
29mitigating a hazardous condition by compensating automatically for a failure or malfunction.
FALLOUT AREA. See Section 3302.1.
FALSE ALARM. The willful and knowing initiation or transmission of a single, message or other notification of an event of fire when no such danger exists.
FINES. See Section 1902.1.
FIRE ALARM. The giving, signaling or transmission to any public fire station, or company or to any officer or employee thereof, whether by telephone, spoken word or otherwise, of information to the effect that there is a fire at or near the place indicated by the person giving, signaling or transmitting such information.
FIRE ALARM BOX, MANUAL. See Section 902.1.
FIRE ALARM CONTROL UNIT. See Section 902.1.
FIRE ALARM SIGNAL. See Section 902.1.
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.
FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD. See Section 502.1.
FIRE APPLIANCE. See Section 902.1.
[B] FIRE AREA. See Section 902.1.
[B] FIRE BARRIER. A fire-resistance-rated wall assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which continuity is maintained.
FIRE CHIEF. The chief officer of the fire department serving the jurisdiction, or a duly authorized representative.
FIRE CODE OFFICIAL. The fire chief or other designated authority charged with the administration and enforcement of the code, or a duly authorized representive.
FIRE COMMAND CENTER. See Section 502.1.
[B] FIRE DAMPER. A listed device installed in ducts and air transfer openings designed to close automatically upon detection of heat and resist the passage of flame. Fire dampers are classified for use in either static systems that will automatically shut down in the event of a fire, or in dynamic systems that continue to operate during a fire. A dynamic fire damper is tested and rated for closure under elevated temperature airflow.
FIRE DEPARTMENT MASTER KEY. See Section 502.1.
FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. See Section 902.1.
[B] FIRE DOOR. The door component of a fire door assembly.
[B] FIRE DOOR ASSEMBLY. Any combination of a fire door, frame, hardware and other accessories that together provide a specific degree of fire protection to the opening.
[B] FIRE EXIT HARDWARE. See Section 1002.1.
FIRE LANE. See Section 502.1.
[B] FIRE PARTITION. A vertical assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which openings are protected.
FIRE POINT. See Section 3402.1.
[B] FIRE PROTECTION RATING. The period of time that an opening protective assembly will maintain the ability to confine a fire as determined by tests prescribed in Section 715 of theCalifornia Building Code. Ratings are stated in hours or minutes.
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.
[B] FIRE RESISTANCE. That property of materials or their assemblies that prevents or retards the passage of excessive heat, hot gases or flames under conditions of use.
[B] FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING. The period of time a building element, component or assembly maintains the ability to confine a fire, continues to perform a given structural function, or both, as determined by the tests, or the methods based on tests, prescribed in Section 703 of the California Building Code.
[B] FIRE-RESISTANT JOINT SYSTEM. See Section 702.1.
FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS. See Section 902.1.
[B] FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE. The distance measured from the building face to one of the following:
The distance shall be measured at right angles from the face of the wall.
[B] FIRE WALL. A fire-resistance-rated wall having protected openings, which restricts the spread of fire and extends continuously from the foundation to or through the roof, with sufficient structural stability under fire conditions to allow collapse of construction on either side without collapse of the wall.
FIRE WATCH. A temporary measure intended to ensure continuous and systematic surveillance of a building or portion thereof by one or more qualified individuals for the purposes of identifying and controlling fire hazards, detecting early signs of unwanted fire, raising an alarm of the fire and notifying the fire department.
[B] FIREBLOCKING. See Section 702.1.
FIREWORKS. See Section 3302.1.
Fireworks, 1.4G. See Section 3302.1.
Fireworks, 1.3G. See Section 3302.1.
FIREWORKS DISPLAY. See Section 3302.1.
[B] FIXED BASE OPERATOR (FBO). See Section 902.1.
FIXED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS. See California Building Code, Section 443.
FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUID. See Section 3202.1.
FLAMMABLE FINISHES. See Section 1502.1.
FLAMMABLE GAS. See Section 3502.1.
FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS. See Section 3502.1.
FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED. See Section 3402.1.
FLAMMABLE MATERIAL. A material capable of being readily ignited from common sources of heat or at a temperature of 600°;F (316°C) or less.
FLAMMABLE SOLID. See Section 3602.1.
FLAMMABLE VAPOR AREA. See Section 1502.1.
FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES. See Section 2702.1.
[B] FLAME SPREAD. See Section 802.1.
[B] FLAME SPREAD INDEX. See Section 802.1.
FLASH POINT. See Section 3402.1.
FLEET VEHICLE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. See Section 2202.1.
[B] FLIGHT. See Section 1002.1.
FLOAT. See Section 4502.1.
[B] FLOOR AREA, GROSS. See Section 1002.1.
[B] FLOOR AREA, NET. See Section 1002.1.
FLUIDIZED BED. See Section 1502.1.
FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.
[B] FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC SEATING. See Section 1002.1.
FUEL LIMIT SWITCH. See Section 3402.1.
FULL-TIME CARE. The establishment and routine care of persons on an hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly or permanent basis, whether for 24 hours per day or less, and where sleeping accommodations are provided.
FUMIGANT. See Section 1702.1.
FUMIGATION. See Section 1702.1.
FURNACE CLASS A. See Section 2102.1.
FURNACE CLASS B. See Section 2102.1.
FURNACE CLASS C. See Section 2102.1.
FURNACE CLASS D. See Section 2102.1.
GAS CABINET. See Section 2702.1.
GAS DETECTION SYSTEM, CONTINUOUS. See “Continuous gas detection system.”
GAS ROOM. See Section 2702.1.
[B] GRADE FLOOR OPENING. A window or other opening located such that the sill height of the opening is not more than 44 inches (1118 mm) above or below the finished ground level adjacent to the opening.
[B] GRADE PLANE. A reference plane representing the average of finished ground level adjoining the building at exterior walls. Where the finished ground level slopes away from the exterior walls, the reference plane shall be established by the lowest points within the area between the building and the lot line or, where the lot line is more than 6 feet (1829 mm) from the building, between the building and a point 6 feet (1829 mm) from the building.
[B] GRANDSTAND. See Section 1002.1.
[B] GUARD. See Section 1002.1.
[B] GYPSUM BOARD. Gypsum wallboard, gypsum sheathing, gypsum base for gypsum veneer plaster, exterior gypsum soffit board, predecorated gypsum board or water-resistant gypsum backing board complying with the standards listed in Tables 2506.2 and 2507.2 and Chapter 35 of the California Building Code.
[B] HABITABLE SPACE. A space in a building for living, sleeping, eating or cooking, Bathrooms, toilet rooms, closets, halls, storage or utility spaces and similar areas are not considered habitable spaces.
HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.
HANDLING. See Section 2702.1.
[B] HANDRAIL. See Section 1002.1.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. See Section 2702.1.
HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM). See Section 1802.1.
HEALTH HAZARD. See Section 2702.1.
[B] HEIGHT, BUILDING. The vertical distance from grade plane to the average height of the highest roof surface.
HELIPORT. See Section 1102.1.
HELISTOP. See Section 1102.1.
HI-BOY. See Section 302.1.
HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE. See Section 2302.1.
HIGH-PILED STORAGE AREA. See Section 2302.1.
HIGH-RISE BUILDING. As used in this code:
HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINE. See Section 302.1.
HIGHLY TOXIC. See Section 3702.1.
HIGHLY VOLATILE LIQUID. A liquefied compressed gas with a boiling point of less than 68°F (20°C).
HIGHWAY. See Section 3302.1.
[B] HISTORIC BUILDINGS. Buildings that are listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, or designated as historic under an appropriate state or local law.
HOGGED MATERIALS. See Section 1902.1.
31HOLDING FACILITY. A detention or correctional facility or area where inmates, staff and public are not housed but are restrained.
[B] HORIZONTAL ASSEMBLY. A fire-resistance-rated floor or roof assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which continuity is maintained.
[M] HOOD. See Section 602.1.
Type I. See Section 602.1.
[B] HOSPITALS AND MENTAL HOSPITALS. Buildings or portions thereof used on a 24-hour basis for the medical, psychiatric, obstetrical, or surgical treatment of inpatients who are incapable of self-preservation or classified as nonambulatory or bedridden.
HOT WORK. See Section 2602.1.
HOT WORK AREA. See Section 2602.1.
HOT WORK EQUIPMENT. See Section 2602.1.
HOT WORK PERMITS. See Section 2602.1.
HOT WORK PROGRAM. See Section 2602.1.
HOUSING UNIT. An area intended to lodge inmates on a 24-hour basis where accommodations are provided for sleeping.
HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUID. See Section 1802.1.
HPM ROOM. See Section 1802.1.
IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH (IDLH). See Section 2702.1.
IMPAIRMENT COORDINATOR. See Section 902.1.
INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. See Section 2702.1.
INFANT. For the purpose of these regulations, shall mean any child who because of age only, is unable to walk and requires the aid of another person to evacuate the building. In no case shall the term “infant” mean a child 2 years of age or older.
INERT GAS. A gas that is capable of reacting with other materials only under abnormal conditions such as high temperatures, pressures and similar extrinsic physical forces. Within the context of the code, inert gases do not exhibit either physical or health hazard properties as defined (other than acting as a simple asphyxiant) or hazard properties other than those of a compressed gas. Some of the more common inert gases include argon, helium, krypton, neon, nitrogen and xenon.
INHABITED BUILDING. See Section 3302.1.
INITIATING DEVICE. See Section 902.1.
[B] INTERIOR FINISH. Interior finish includes interior wall and ceiling finish and interior floor finish.
INTERIOR FLOOR-WALL BASE. See Section 802.1.
[B] INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH. The exposed interior surfaces of buildings, including but not limited to: fixed or movable walls and partitions; toilet room privacy partitions; columns; ceilings; and interior wainscoting, paneling or other finish applied structurally or for decoration, acoustical correction, surface insulation, structural fire resistance or similar purposes, but not including trim.
IRRITANT. A chemical which is not corrosive, but which causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. A chemical is a skin irritant if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the methods of CPSC 16 CFR Part 1500.41 for an exposure of four or more hours or by other appropriate techniques, it results in an empirical score of 5 or more. A chemical is classified as an eye irritant if so determined under the procedure listed in CPSC 16 CFR Part 1500.42 or other approved techniques.
KEY BOX. See Section 502.1.
[B] JURISDICTION. The governmental unit that has adopted this code under due legislative authority.
LABELED. Equipment, materials or products to which have been affixed a label, seal, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of the production of the above-labeled items and whose labeling indicates either that the equipment, material or product meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
LABORATORY. A room, building or area where the use and storage of hazardous materials are utilized for testing, analysis, instruction, research or developmental activities.
LABORATORY SUITE. See Section 443.2.
LIMITED SPRAYING SPACE. See Section 1502.1.
LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG). See Section 2202.1.
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LP-gas). See Section 3802.1.
LIQUID. See Section 2702.1.
LIQUID OXYGEN AMBULATORY CONTAINER. See Section 4002.1.
LIQUID OXYGEN HOME CARE CONTAINER. Section 4002.1.
LIQUID STORAGE ROOM. See Section 3402.1.
LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE. See Section 3402.1.
LISTED. Equipment, materials, products or services included in a list published by an organization acceptable to the fire code official and concerned with evaluation of products or services that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services and whose listing states either that the equipment, material, product or service meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
For applications listed in Section 1.11 regulated by the Office of the State Fire Marshal, “listed” shall also mean equipment or materials accepted by the state fire marshal as conforming to the provisions of the State Fire Marshal’s regulations and which are included in a list published by the State Fire Marshal.
LOCKDOWN. See Section 402.1.
LODGING HOUSE. Any building or portion thereof containing not more than five guest rooms where rent is paid in money, goods, labor or otherwise.
32LONGITUDINAL FLUE SPACE. See Section 2302.1.
[B] LOT. A portion or parcel of land considered as a unit.
[B] LOT LINE. A line dividing one lot from another, or from a street or any public place.
LOW-PRESSURE TANK. See Section 3202.1.
LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL). See Section 2702.1.
LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL). See Section 2702.1.
LP-GAS CONTAINER. See Section 3802.1.
MAGAZINE. See Section 3302.1.
Indoor. See Section 3302.1.
Type 1. See Section 3302.1.
Type 2. See Section 3302.1.
Type 3. See Section 3302.1.
Type 4. See Section 3302.1.
Type 5. See Section 3302.1.
MAGNESIUM. See Section 3602.1.
[B] MALL. See “Covered mall building.”
MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX. See Section 902.1.
MANUAL STOCKING METHODS. See Section 2302.1.
MARINA. See Section 4502.1.
MARINE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. See Section 2202.1.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS). See Section 2702.1.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA. See Section 2702.1.
[B] MEANS OF EGRESS. See Section 1002.1.
MECHANICAL STOCKING METHODS. See Section 2302.1.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE. See Section 2402.1.
[B] MENTAL HOSPITALS. See “Hospitals and Mental Hospitals.”
MENTALLY RETARDED PERSONS, PROFOUNDLY OR SEVERELY. Any retarded person who is unable to evacuate a building unassisted during emergency conditions.
Note: The determination as to such incapacity shall be made by the Director of the State Department of Public Health or his or her designated representative pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13131.3.
[B] MERCHANDISE PAD. See Section 1002.1.
METAL HYDRIDE. See Section 3502.1.
METAL HYDRIDE STORAGE SYSTEM. See Section 3502.1.
[B] MEZZANINE. An intermediate level or levels between the floor and ceiling of any story and in accordance with Section 505 of the California Building Code.
MOBILE FUELING. See Section 3402.1.
MODERNIZATION PROJECT. Any construction effort that has an estimated total cost in excess of $200,000.00 that is intended to modify a permanent school building or structure and or the addition of a new school building or structure used to serve or house students from kindergarten through twelfth grade (K-12). Modernization efforts shall apply strictly to a public school that was established prior to July 1, 2002 and is funded pursuant to the Education Code, Section 17074.56 and Education Code commencing with Section 17070.10. Modernization projects that are to be completed in more than one phase, may defer the installation of the automatic fire detection and alarm systems until the final phase of the modernization project. Solely for the purposes of Education Code Section 17074.20, routine maintenance and repair work shall not be considered a modernization project.
MORTAR. See Section 3302.1.
MULTIPLE-STATION ALARM DEVICE. See Section 902.1.
MULTIPLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. See Section 902.1.
NESTING. See Section 3002.1.
NET EXPLOSIVE WEIGHT (net weight). See Section 3302.1.
NEW PUBLIC SCHOOL CAMPUS. New public school campus is an educational institution established on or after July 1, 2002 that houses and or serves students from kindergarten through twelfth grade (K-12) and is funded pursuant to the Education Code, commencing with Section 17070.10.
NONACCESSIBLE AREA. An enclosed area that creates a cavity by the application of any construction feature and or building materials. This area shall be recognized by the enforcing agency as a separation between the nonaccessible space and any adjacent, occupied space of the building.
NONAMBULATORY PERSONS. Persons unable to leave a building unassisted under emergency conditions. It includes, but is not limited to, persons who depend on mechanical aids such as crutches, walkers and wheelchairs and any person who is unable to physically and mentally respond to a sensory signal approved by the state fire marshal or an oral instruction relating to fire danger.
The determination of ambulatory or nonambulatory status of persons with developmental disabilities shall be made by the Director of Social Services or his or her designated representative, in consultation with the director of Developmental Services or his or her designated representative. The determination of ambulatory or nonambulatory status of all other disabled persons placed after January 1, 1984, who are not developmentally disabled shall be made by the Director of Social Services or his or her designated representative.
NONCOMBUSTIBLE. Noncombustible as applied to building construction material means a material which, in the form in which it is used, is either one of the following:
“Noncombustible” does not apply to surface finish materials. Material required to be noncombustible for reduced clearances to flues, heating appliances or other sources of high temperature shall refer to material conforming to Item 1. No material shall be classed as noncombustible which is subject to increase in combustibility or flame-spread index, beyond the limits herein established, through the effects of age, moisture or other atmospheric condition.
NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (NTP). See Section 2702.1.
[B] NOSING. See Section 1002.1.
NUISANCE ALARM. See Section 902.1.
[B] NURSING HOMES. Nursing homes are long-term care facilities on a 24-hour basis, including both intermediate care facilities and skilled nursing facilities, serving more than six persons and any of the persons are incapable of self-preservation or classified as nonambulatory or bedridden.
OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION. For the purposes of this code, certain occupancies are defined as follows:
[B] Assembly Group A. Assembly Group A occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for the gathering of persons for purposes such as civic, social or religious functions; recreation, food or drink consumption; or awaiting transportation or Motion Picture and Television Production Studio Sound Stages, Approved Production Facilities and production locations.
Exceptions:
- A building or tenant space used for assembly purposes with an occupant load of less than 50 persons shall be classified as a Group B occupancy.
- A room or space used for assembly purposes with an occupant load of less than 50 persons and accessory to another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B occupancy or as part of that occupancy.
- A room or space used for assembly purposes that is less than 750 square feet (70 m2) in area and accessory to another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B occupancy or as part of that occupancy.
- Assembly areas that are accessory to Group E occupancies are not considered separate occupancies except when applying the assembly occupancy requirements of Chapter 11 of the California Building Code.
- Accessory religious educational rooms and religious auditoriums with occupant loads of less than 100 are not considered separate occupancies.
Assembly occupancies shall include the following:
A-1 Assembly uses, usually with fixed seating, intended for the production and viewing of performing arts or motion pictures including, but not limited to:
Motion picture and television production studio sound stages, approved production facilities and production locations. (With live audiences).
Motion picture theaters
Symphony and concert halls
Television and radio studios admitting an audience
Theaters
A-2 Assembly uses intended for food and/or drink consumption including, but not limited to:
Banquet halls
Night clubs
Restaurants
Taverns and bars
A-3 Assembly uses intended for worship, recreation or amusement and other assembly uses not classified elsewhere in Group A, including, but not limited to:
Amusement arcades
Art galleries
Bowling alleys
Community halls
Courtrooms
Dance halls (not including food or drink consumption)
Exhibition halls
Funeral parlors
Gymnasiums (without spectator seating)
Indoor swimming pools (without spectator seating)
Indoor tennis courts (without spectator seating)
Lecture halls
Libraries
Museums
Places of religious worship
Pool and billiard parlors
Waiting areas in transportation terminals
A-4 Assembly uses intended for viewing of indoor sporting events and activities with spectator seating including, but not limited to:
Arenas
Skating rinks
Swimming pools
Tennis courts
A-5 Assembly uses intended for participation in or viewing outdoor activities including, but not limited to:
Amusement park structures
Bleachers
Grandstands
Stadiums
[B] Business Group B. Business Group B occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for office, professional or service-type transactions, including storage of records and accounts. Business occupancies shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
Airport traffic control towers
Ambulatory health-care facilities facilities serving five or fewer patients (see Group I-2.1 or Section 308.3.2 California Building Code for facilities serving more than five patients)
Animal hospitals, kennels and pounds
Banks
Barber and beauty shops
Car wash
Civic administration
Clinic-outpatient
Dry cleaning and laundries: pick-up and delivery stations and self-service
Educational occupancies for students above the 12th grade
Electronic data processing
Laboratories: testing, research and instruction
Motor vehicle showrooms
Post offices
Print shops
Professional services (architects, attorneys, dentists, physicians, engineers, etc.)
Radio and television stations
Telephone exchanges
Training and skill development not within a school or academic program
Group C (Camps, organized). An organized camp is a site with programs and facilities established for the primary purpose of providing an outdoor group living experience with social, spiritual, educational or recreational objectives, for five days or more during one or more seasons of the year.
[B] Educational Group E. Educational Group E occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, by more than six persons at any one time for educational purposes through the 12th grade. Religious educational rooms and religious auditoriums, which are accessory to places of religious worship in accordance with Section 508.3.1 of the California Building Code and have occupant loads of less than 100, shall be classified as Group A-3 occupancies.
Exception: A residence used as a home school for the children who normally reside at the residence. Such residences shall remain classified as Group R-2, or Group R-3 Occupancies.
Day care. The use of a building or structure, or portion thereof, for educational, supervisions or personal care services for more than six children 2 years of age andolder shall be classified as an E occupancy.
Exception: A day-care facility not otherwise classified as an R-3 Occupancy, where occupants are not capable of responding to an emergency situation without physical assistance from the staff shall be classified as Group I-4.
[B] Factory Industrial Group F. Factory Industrial Group F occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for assembling, disassembling, fabricating, finishing, manufacturing, packaging, repair or processing operations that are not classified as a Group H high-hazard or Group S storage occupancy.
Factory Industrial F-1 Moderate-hazard occupancy. Factory industrial uses which are not classified as Factory Industrial F-2 Low Hazard shall be classified as F-1 Moderate Hazard and shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
Aircraft (manufacturing, not to include repair)
Appliances
Athletic equipment
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Bakeries
Beverages; over 16-percent alcohol content
Bicycles
Boats
Brooms or brushes
Business machines
Cameras and photo equipment
Canvas or similar fabric
Carpets and rugs (includes cleaning)
Clothing
Construction and agricultural machinery
Disinfectants
Dry cleaning and dyeing
Electric generation plants
Electronics
Engines (including rebuilding)
Food processing
Furniture
Hemp products
Jute products
Laundries
Leather products
Machinery
Metals
Millwork (sash and door)
Motion picture and television production studio sound stages, approved production facilities and production locations (without live audiences)
Musical instruments
Optical goods
Paper mills or products
Photographic film
Plastic products
Printing or publishing
Refuse incineration
Shoes
Soaps and detergents
Textiles
Tobacco
Trailers
Upholstering
Wood; distillation
Woodworking (cabinet)
[B] Factory Industrial F-2 Low-hazard Occupancy. Factory industrial uses involving the fabrication or manufacturing of noncombustible materials which, during finishing, packaging or processing do not involve a significant fire hazard, shall be classified as Group F-2 occupancies and shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
Beverages; up to and including 16-percent alcohol content
Brick and masonry
Ceramic products
Foundries
Glass products
Gypsum
Ice
Metal products (fabrication and assembly)
High-hazard Group H. High-hazard Group H occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, that involves the manufacturing, processing, generation or storage of materials that constitute a physical or health hazard in a quantities in excess of those allowed in control areas complying with Section 2703.8.3, based on the maximum allowable quantity limits for control areas set forth in Tables 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2). Hazardous occupancies are classified in Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5 and shall be in accordance with this code and the requirements of Section 415 of the California Building Code. Hazardous materials stored or used on top of roofs or canopies shall be classified as outdoor strorage or use and shall comply with this code.
Exceptions: The following shall not be classified as Group H, but shall be classified as the occupancy that they most nearly resemble.
- Buildings and structures occupied for the application of flammable finishes, provided that such buildings or areas conform to the requirements of Chapter 15 of this code and Section 416 of the California Building Code.
- Wholesale and retail sales and storage of flammable and combustible liquids in mercantile occupancies conforming to Chapter 34.
- Closed piping system containing flammable or combustible liquids or gases utilized for the operation of machinery or equipment.
- Cleaning establishments that utilize combustible liquid solvents having a flash point of 140°F (60°C) or higher in closed systems employing equipment listed by an approved testing agency, provided that this occupancy is separated from all other areas of the building by 1-hour fire barriers in accordance with Section 707 of the California Building Code or 1-hour horizontal assemblies in accordance with Section 712 of the California Building Code, or both.
- Cleaning establishments that utilize a liquid solvent having a flash point at or above 200°F (93°C).
- Liquor stores and distributors without bulk storage.
- Refrigeration systems.
- The storage or utilization of materials for agricultural purposes on the premises.
- Stationary batteries utilized for facility emergency power, uninterrupted power supply or telecommunication facilities, provided that the batteries are equipped with safety venting caps and ventilation is provided in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
- Corrosives shall not include personal or house-hold products in their original packaging used in retail display or commonly used building materials.
- Buildings and structures occupied for aerosol storage shall be classified as Group S-1, provided that such buildings conform to the requirements of Chapter 28.
- Display and storage of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area in Group M or S occupancies complying with Section 2703.8.3.5.
- The storage of black powder, smokeless propellant and small arms primers in Groups M and R-3 and special industrial explosive devices in Groups B, F, M and S, provided such storage conforms to the quantity limits and requirements of this code.
- Group L occupancies as defined in Section443.1.
High-hazard Group H-1. Buildings and structures containing materials that pose a detonation hazard shall be classified as Group H-1. Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
Detonable pyrophoric materials
Explosives:
Division 1.1
Division 1.2
Division 1.3
Exception: Materials that are used and maintained in a form where either confinement or configuration will not elevate the hazard from a mass fire to mass explosion hazard shall be allowed in Group H-2 occupancies.
Division 1.4
36Exception: Articles, including articles packaged for shipment, that are not regulated as and explosive under Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms regulations, or unpackaged articles
used in process operations that do not propagate a detonation or deflagration between articles shall be allowed in Group H-3 occupancies.
Division 1.5
Division 1.6
Organic peroxides, unclassified detonable
Oxidizers, Class 4
Unstable (reactive) materials, Class 3 detonable, and Class 4
High-hazard Group H-2. Buildings and structures containing materials that pose a deflagration hazard or a hazard from accelerated burning shall be classified as Group H-2. Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
Class I, II or IIIA flammable or combustible liquids which are used or stored in normally open containers or systems, or in closed containers or systems pressurized at more than 15 pounds per square inch (103.4 kPa) gauge
Combustible dusts
Cryogenic fluids, flammable
Flammable gases
Organic peroxides, Class I
Oxidizers, Class 3, that are used or stored in normally open containers or systems, or in closed containers or systems pressurized at more than 15 pounds per square inch (103.4 kPa) gauge
Pyrophoric liquids, solids and gases, nondetonable
Unstable (reactive) materials, Class 3, nondetonable
Water-reactive materials, Class 3
High-hazard Group H-3. Buildings and structures containing materials that readily support combustion or that pose a physical hazard shall be classified as Group H-3. Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
Class I, II, or IIIA flammable of combustible liquids that are used or stored in normally closed containers or systems pressurized at 15 pounds per square inch gauge (103.4 kPa) or less
Combustible fibers, other than densely packed baled cotton
Consumer fireworks, 1.4G (Class C, Common)
Cryogenic fluids,oxidizing
Flammable solids
Organic peroxides, Class II and III
Oxidizers, Class 2
Oxidizers, Class 3, that are used or stored in normally closed containers or systems pressurized at 15 pounds per square inch gauge (103 kPa) or less
Oxidizing gases
Unstable (reactive) materials, Class 2
Water-reactive materials, Class-2
High-hazard Group H-4. Buildings and structures which contain materials that are health hazards shall be classified as Group H-4. Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
Corrosives
Highly toxic materials
Toxic materials
High-hazard Group H-5. Semiconductor fabrication facilities and comparable research and development areas in which hazardous production materials (HPM) are used and the aggregate quantity of materials is in excess of those listed in Tables 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2) shall be classified as Group H-5. Such facilities and areas shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 415.8 of the California Building Code.
[B] Institutional Group I. Institutional Group I occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, in which people are cared for or live in a supervised environment, having physical limitations because of health or age, are harbored for medical treatment or other care or treatment, or in which people are detained for penal or correctional purposes or in which the liberty of the occupants in restricted. Institutional occupancies shall be classified as Group I-1, I-2, I-3 or I-4. Restraint shall not be permitted in any building except in Group I-3 occupancies constructed for such use. See California Building Code Section 408.1.1.
Where occupancies house both ambulatory and non-ambulatory persons, the more restrictive requirements shall apply.
Group I-1. Not used. (See Group R-2.1 or Section 310.1, California Building Code.)
Group I-2. This occupancy shall include buildings and structures used for medical, surgical, psychiatric, nursing or custodial care for persons who are not capable of self-preservation or classified as nonambulatory or bedridden. This group shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
Child care facilities
Detoxification facilities
Hospitals
Mental hospitals
Nursing homes
Group I-2.1 Ambulatory healthcare facility. A healthcare facility that receives persons for outpatient medical care that may render the patient incapable of unassisted self-preservation and where each tenant space accommodates more than five such patients.
Group I-3. This occupancy shall include buildings or portions of buildings and structures which are inhabited by one or more persons who are under restraint. An I-3 facility is occupied by persons who are restrained. .This group shall include, but not be limited, to the following:
Correctional centers
Detention centers
Jails
Juvenile halls
Prisons
Reformatories
37Buildings of Group I-3 shall be classified as one of the occupancy conditions indicated below:
Condition 1. This occupancy condition shall include buildings in which free movement is allowed from sleeping areas and other spaces where access or occupancy is permitted, to the exterior via means of egress without restraint. A Condition 1 facility is permitted to be constructed as Group R.
Condition 2. This occupancy condition shall include buildings in which free movement is allowed from sleeping areas and any other occupied smoke compartment to one or more other smoke compartments. Egress to the exterior is impeded by locked exits.
Condition 3. This occupancy condition shall include buildings in which free movement is allowed within individual smoke compartments, such as within a residential unit comprised of individual sleeping units and group activity spaces, where egress in impeded by remote-controlled release of means of egress from such smoke compartment to another smoke compartment.
Condition 4. This occupancy condition shall include buildings in which free movement is restricted from an occupied space. Remote-controlled release is provided to permit movement from sleeping units, activity spaces and other occupied areas within the smoke compartment to other smoke compartments.
Condition 5. This occupancy condition shall include buildings in which free movement is restricted from an occupied space. Staff-controlled manual release is provided to permit movement from sleeping units, activity spaces and other occupied areas within the smoke compartment to other smoke compartments.
[B] Group I-4, day-care facilities. This group shall include buildings and structures occupied by persons of any age who receive custodial care for less than 24 hours by individuals other than parents or guardians, relatives by blood, marriage, or adoption, and in a place other than the home of the person cared for. A facility such as the above with six or fewer clients shall be classified as Group R-3 or shall comply with the California Residential Code. Places of worship during religious functions are not included.
Adult day-care facility. A facility that provides accommodations for less than 24 hours for more than five unrelated adults and provides supervision and personal care services shall be classified as Group I-4.
Child day-care facility. Child care facilities that provide supervision and personal care on less than a 24-hour basis for more than sixchildren under 2 years of age shall be classified as Group I-4.
Exception: A child day care facility that provides care for more than six but not more than 100 children under 2 years of age, where the rooms in which the children are cared for are located on a level of exit discharge serving such rooms and each of these child care rooms has an exit door directly to the exterior, shall be classified as Group E.
Group L Laboratories. [SFM] Group L occupancy includes the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof containing one or more laboratory suites as defined in Section 443 of the California Buildings Code.
[B] Mercantile Group M. Mercantile Group M occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure or a portion thereof, for the display and sale of merchandise, and involves, stocks of goods, wares or merchandise incidental to such purposes and accessible to the public. Mercantile occupancies shall include, but not be limited to, the following.
Department stores
Drug stores
Markets
Motor fuel-dispensing facilities
Retail or wholesale stores
Sales rooms
Residential Group R. Residential Group R includes, among others, the use of a buildings or structure, or a portion thereof, for sleeping purposes when not classified as an Institutional Group I or when not regulated by the California Residential Code. Residential occupancies shall include the following:
R-1 Residential occupanices containing sleeping units where the occupants are primarily transient in nature, including:
Boarding houses (transient)
Hotels (transient)
Motels (transient)
Congregate living facilities (transient) or congregate residences (transient) with 10 or fewer occupants are permitted to comply with the construction requirements for Group R-3.
R-2 Residential occupancies containing sleeping units or more than two dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature, including:
Apartment houses
Boarding houses (nontransient)
Convents
Dormitories
Fraternities and sororities
Hotels (nontransient)
Live/work units
Monasteries
Motels (nontransient)
Vacation timeshare properties
Congregate living facilities or congregate residences with 16 or fewer occupants are permitted to comply with the construction requirements for Group R-3.
R-2.1 This occupancy shall include buildings, structures or parts thereof housing clients, on a 24-hour basis, who because of age, mental disability or other reasons, live in a supervised residential environment that provides personal care services.
This occupancy may contain more than six nonambulatory and/or bedridden clients. (See Appendix Chapter 4, Section 425 Special Provisions For Licensed 24-Hour
38Care Facilities in a Group R-2.1, R-3.1 or R-4 Occupancy). This group shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
Assisted living facilities such as:
Residential care facilities
Residential care facilities for the elderly (RCFEs)
Adult residential facilities
Congregate living health facilities
Group homes
Residential care facilities for the chronically ill
Congregate living health facilities for the terminally ill
Social rehabilitation facilities such as:
Halfway houses
Community correctional centers
Community correction reentry centers
Community treatment programs
Work furlough programs
Alcoholism or drug abuse recovery or treatment facilities
R-3 Residential occupancies where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature and not classified as Group R-1, R-2, R-2.1, R-4 or I, including:
Buildings that do not contain more than two dwelling units.
Adult care facilities that provide accommodations for six or fewer clients of any age for less than 24 hours.Licensing categories that may use this classification include, but are not limited to:
Adult day programs.
Child care facilities that provide accommodations for six or fewer clients of any age for less than 24 hours. Licensing categories that may use this classification include, but are not limited to:
Day-care center for mildly ill children
Infant care center
School age child day-care centre.
Family day-care homes that provide accommodations for 14 or fewer children, in the provider's own home for less than 24 hours.
Congregate living facilities or congregate residences with 16 or fewer persons.
Adult care and child care facilities that are within a single-family home are permitted to comply with the California Residential Code.
R-3.1 This occupancy group may include facilities licensed by a governmental agency for a residentially based 24-hour care facility providing accommodations for six or fewer clients of any age. Clients may be classified as ambulatory, nonambulatory or bedridden. A Group as R-3.1 occupancy shall meet the requirements for construction as defined for Group R-3, except as otherwise provided for in Appendix Chapter 4 Special Provisions For Licensed 24-Hour Care Facilities in a Group R-2.1, R-3.1 or R-4 Occupancy. This group may include:
Adult residential facilities
Congregate living health facilities
Foster family homes
Group homes
Intermediate care facilities for the developmentally disabled habilitative
Intermediate care facilities for the developmentally disabled nursing
Nurseries for the full-time care of children under the age of six, but not including "infants" as defined in Section 202
Residential care facilities for the elderly
Small family homes and residential care facilities for the chronically ill
Exception:Foster Family Homes or Group Homes licensed by the Department of Social Services which provide nonmedical board, room and care for six or fewer ambulatory children or children two years of age or younger, and which do not have any nonambulatory clients shall not be subject to regulations found in Section Appendix Chapter 4, Section 425.
Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143 with respect to these exempted facilities, no city, county, or public district shall adopt or enforce any requirement for the prevention of fire or for the protection of life and property against fire and panic unless the requirement would be applicable to a structure regardless of the special occupancy. Nothing shall restrict the application of state or local housing standards to such facilities if the standards are applicable to residential occupancies and are not based on the use of the structure as a facility for ambulatory children. For the purpose of this exception, ambulatory children does not include relatives of the licensee or the licensee’s spouse.
R-4 Residential occupancies shall include buildings arranged for occupancy as residential care/assisted living facilities including more than six ambulatory clients, excluding staff.
Group R-4 occupancies shall meet the requirements for construction as defined for Group R-3, except as otherwise provided for in this code or shall comply with the California Residential Code. Provided the buildings is protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.2.8.
This occupancy classification may include a maximum six nonambulatory or bedridden clients (see Appendix Chapter 4, Section 425 Special Provisions For Licensed 24-Hour Care Facilities in a Group R-2.1, R-3.1, or R-4 Occupancy). Group R-4 occupancies shall include the following:
Assisted living facilities such as:
Residential care facilities
Residential care facilities for the elderly (RCFEs)
Adult residential facilities
Congregate living health facilities
Group homes.
Social rehabilitation facilities such as:
[B] Storage Group S. Storage Group S occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for storage that is not classified as a hazardous occupancy.
Moderate-hazard storage, Group S-1. Buildings occupied for storage uses that are not classified as Group S-2, including, but not limited to, storage of the following:
Aerosols, Levels 2 and 3
Aircraft hangar (storage and repair)
Bags: cloth, burlap and paper
Bamboos and rattan
Baskets
Belting: canvas and leather
Books and paper in rolls or packs
Boots and shoes
Buttons, including cloth covered, pearl or bone
Cardboard and cardboard boxes
Clothing, woolen wearing apparel
Cordage
Dry boat storage (indoor)
Furniture
Furs
Glues, mucilage, pastes and size
Grains
Horns and combs, other than celluloid
Leather
Linoleum
Lumber
Motor vehicle repair garages complying with the maximum allowable quantities of hazardous materials listed in Table 2703.1.1(1) (see Section 406.6 of the California Building Code)
Photo engravings
Resilient flooring
Silks
Soaps
Sugar
Tires, bulk storage of
Tobacco, cigars, cigarettes and snuff
Upholstery and mattresses
Wax candles
Low-hazard storage, Group S-2. Includes, among others, buildings used for the storage of noncombustible materials such as products on wood pallets or in paper cartons with or without single thickness divisions; or in paper wrappings. Such products are permitted to have a negligible amount of plastic trim, such as knobs, handles or film wrapping. Storage uses shall include, but not be limited to, storage of the following:
Asbestos
Beverages up to and including 16-percent alcohol in metal, glass or ceramic containers
Cement in bags
Chalk and crayons
Dairy products in nonwaxed coated paper containers
Dry cell batteries
Electrical coils
Electrical motors
Empty cans
Food products
Foods in noncombustible containers
Fresh fruits and vegetables in nonplastic trays or containers
Frozen foods
Glass
Glass, bottles, empty or filled with noncombustible liquids
Gypsum board
Inert pigments
Ivory
Meats
Metal cabinets
Metal desks with plastic tops and trim
Metal parts
Metals
Mirrors
Oil-filled and other types of distribution transformers
Parking garages, open or enclosed
Porcelain and pottery
Stoves
Talc and soap stones
Washers and dryers
[B] Miscellaneous Group U. Buildings and structures of an accessory character and miscellaneous structrues not classified in any specific occupancy shall be constructed, equipped and maintained to conform to the requirements of this code commensurate with the fire and life hazard incidental to their occupancy. Group U shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
Agricultural buildings
Aircraft hangar, accessory to a one-or two-family residence (see Section 412.3 of the California Building Code)
Barns
Carports
Fences more than 6 feet (1829 mm) high
Grain silos, accessory to a residential occupancy
Greenhouses
Livestock shelters
Private garages
Retaining walls
Sheds
Stables
Tanks
Towers
[B] OCCUPANT LOAD. See Section 1002.1.
OPEN BURNING. See Section 302.1.
[B] OPEN MALL. See “Covered mall building.”
[B] OPEN MALL BUILDING. See “Covered mall building.”
[B] OPEN PARKING GARAGE. A structure or portion of a structure with the openings as described in Section 406.3.3.1 of
40the California Building Code on two or more sides that is used for the parking or storage of private motor vehicles as described in Section 406.3.4 of the California Building Code.
OPEN SYSTEM. The use of a solid or liquid hazardous material involving a vessel or system that is continuously open to the atmosphere during normal operations and where vapors are liberated, or the product is exposed to the atmosphere during normal operations. Examples of open systems for solids and liquids include dispensing from or into open beakers or containers, dip tank and plating tank operations.
OPERATING BUILDING. See Section 3302.1.
OPERATING LINE. See Section 3302.1.
OPERATING PRESSURE. The pressure at which a system operates.
ORGANIC COATING. See Section 2002.1.
ORGANIC PEROXIDE. See Section 3902.1.
Class I. See Section 3902.1.
Class II. See Section 3902.1.
Class III. See Section 3902.1.
Class IV. See Section 3902.1.
Class V. See Section 3902.1.
Unclassified detonable. See Section 3902.1.
OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA. See Section 2702.1.
[B] OUTPATIENT CLINIC. See “Clinic, outpatient.”
OVERCROWDING. A condition that exists when either there are more people in a building, structure or portion thereof than have been authorized or posted by the fire code official, or when the fire code official determines that a threat exists to the safety of the occupants due to persons sitting and/or standing in locations that may obstruct or impede the use of aisles, passages, corridors, stairways, exits or other components of the means of egress.
OWNER. A corporation, firm, partnership, association, organization and any other group acting as a unit, or a person who has legal title to any structure or premises with or without accompanying actual possession thereof, and shall include the duly authorized agent or attorney, a purchaser, devisee, fiduciary and any person having a vested or contingent interest in the premises in question.
OXIDIZER. See Section 4002.1.
Class 4. See Section 4002.1.
Class 3. See Section 4002.1.
Class 2. See Section 4002.1.
Class 1. See Section 4002.1.
OXIDIZING CRYOGENIC FLUID. See Section 4002.1.
OXIDIZING GAS. See Section 4002.1.
OZONE-GAS GENERATOR. See Section 3702.1.
[B] PANIC HARDWARE. See Section 1002.1.
PASS-THROUGH. See Section 1802.1.
[B] PENTHOUSE. An enclosed, unoccupied structure above the roof of a building, other than a tank, tower, spire, dome cupola or bulkhead.
PERMANENT PORTABLE BUILDING. A portable building that is used to serve or house students and is certified as a permanent building on a new public school campus by the public school administration shall comply with the requirements of new campus buildings.
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL). See Section 2702.1.
[B] PERMIT. An official document or certificate issued by the authority having jurisdiction which authorizes performance of a specified activity.
[B] PERSON. An individual, heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, and also includes a firm, partnership or corporation, its or their successors or assigns, or the agent of any of the aforesaid.
PESTICIDE. See Section 2702.1.
[B] PHOTOLUMINESCENT. See Section 1002.1.
PHYSICAL HAZARD. See Section 2702.1
PHYSIOLOGICAL WARNING THRESHOLD. See Section 3702.1.
PIER. See Section 4502.1.
PLOSOPHORIC MATERIAL. See Section 3302.1.
PLYWOOD and VENEER MILLS. See Section 1902.1.
PORTABLE BUILDING. A classroom building or structure of modular design and construction that houses and or serves student, regardless of occupancy classification, from kindergarten through twelfth grade (K-12) and is funded pursuant to the Education Code, commencing with Section 17070.10 and meets all of the following criteria:
PORTABLE BUILDING, EXEMPTED. A portable building as defined in Section 202 as referenced by California Education Code Section 17074.54, that is certified by the public school administration as being sited on campus for less than three years.
PORTABLE OUTDOOR FIREPLACE. See Section 302.1.
41POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK. See Section 302.1.
PRESSURE VESSEL. See Section 2702.1.
PRIMARY CONTAINMENT. The first level of containment, consisting of the inside portion of that container which comes into immediate contact on its inner surface with the material being contained.
PROCESS TRANSFER. See Section 3402.1.
PROPELLANT. See Section 2802.1.
PROTECTIVE SOCIAL CARE FACILITY. A facility housing persons, who are referred, placed or caused to be placed in the facility, by any governmental agency and for whom the services, or a portion thereof, are paid for by any governmental agency. These occupancies shall include, but are not limited to, those commonly referred to as “assisted living facilities,” “social rehabilitation facilities,” “certified family care homes,” “out-of-home placement facilities” and “halfway houses.”
PROXIMATE AUDIENCE. See Section 3302.1.
PUBLIC TRAFFIC ROUTE (PTR). See Section 3302.1.
[B] PUBLIC WAY. see Section 1002.1.
PYROPHORIC. See Section 4102.1.
PYROTECHNIC ARTICLE. See Section 3302.1.
PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION. See Section 3302.1.
PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECT. See Section 3302.1.
PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL-EFFECT MATERIAL. See Section 3302.1.
PYROTECHNICS. See Section 3302.1.
QUANTITY-DISTANCE (Q-D). See Section 3302.1.
Inhabited building distance (IBD). See Section 3302.1.
Intermagazine distance (IMD). See Section 3302.1.
Intraline distance (ILD) or Intraplant distance (IPD). See Section 3302.1.
Minimum separation distance (D0). See Section 3302.1.
RAILWAY. See Section 3302.1.
[B] RAMP. See Section 1002.1.
RAW PRODUCT. See Section 1902.1.
READY BOX. See Section 3302.1.
RECORD DRAWINGS. See Section 902.1.
RECREATIONAL FIRE. See Section 302.1.
REDUCED FLOW VALVE. See Section 3702.1
REFINERY. See Section 3402.1.
REFRIGERANT. See Section 602.1.
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM. See Section 602.1.
[B] REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. An architect or engineer, registered or licensed to practice professional architecture or engineering, as defined by the statutory requirements of the professional registration laws of the state in which the project is to be constructed.
[B] RELIGIOUS WORSHIP, PLACE OF. A building or portion thereof intended for the performance of religious services.
REMOTE EMERGENCY SHUTOFF DEVICE. See Section 3402.1.
REMOTE SOLVENT RESERVOIR. See Section 3402.1.
REMOTELY LOCATED, MANUALLY ACTIVATED SHUTDOWN CONTROL. A control system that is designed to initiate shutdown of the flow of gases or liquids that is manually activated from a point located some distance from the delivery system.
REPAIR GARAGE. See Section 2202.1.
RESIN APPLICATION AREA. See Section 1502.1.
RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY FOR THE CHRONICALLY ILL (RCF/CI). As termed, means a housing arrangement with a maximum capacity of 25 residents that provides a range of services to residents who have chronic, life-threatening illnesses.
RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY FOR THE ELDERLY (RCFE). As defined in Health and Safety Code Section §1569.2, shall mean a facility with a housing arrangement chosen voluntarily by persons 60 years of age or over, or their authorized representative, where varying levels and intensities of care and supervision, protective supervision or personal care are provided, based on their varying needs, as determined in order to be admitted and to remain in the facility. Persons under 60 years of age with compatible needs, as determined by the Department of Social Services in regulations, may be allowed to be admitted or retained in a residential-care facility for the elderly.
Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section §13133, regulations of the state fire marshal pertaining to Group R, Division 2 Occupancies classified as Residential Facilities (RF) and Residential-care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE) shall apply uniformly throughout the state and no city, county, city and county, including a charter city or charter county, or fire protection district shall adopt or enforce any ordinance or local rule or regulation relating to fire and panic safety which is in consistent with these regulations. A city, county, city and county, including a charter city or charter county may pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section §13143.5, or a fire protection district may pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section §13869.7, adopt standards more stringent than those adopted by the State Fire Marshal that are reasonably necessary to accommodate local climate, geological, or topographical conditions relating to roof coverings for Residential-care Facilities for the Elderly.
RESIDENTIAL FACILITY (RF). As defined in Section §1502 of the Health and Safety Code, shall mean any family home, group care facility, or similar facility determined by the director of Social Services, for 24–hour non–medical care of persons in need of personal services, supervision or assistance essential for sustaining the activities of daily living or for the protection of the individual. Such facilities include small family homes and social rehabilitation facilities.
Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section §13133, regulations of the state fire marshal pertaining to Group R, Division 2
42Occupancies classified as Residential Facilities (RF) and Residential-care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE) shall apply uniformly throughout the state and no city, county, city and county, including a charter city or charter county, or fire protection district shall adopt or enforce any ordinance or local rule or regulation relating to fire and panic safety which is in consistent with these regulations. A city, county, city and county, including a charter city or charter county may pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section §13143.5, or a fire protection district may pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section §13869.7, adopt standards more stringent than those adopted by the State Fire Marshal that are reasonably necessary to accommodate local climate, geological or topographical conditions relating to roof coverings for Residential-care Facilities for the Elderly.
RESPONSIBLE PERSON. See Section 2602.1.
RESTRAINT. The physical retention of a person within a room, cell or cell block by any means, or within the exterior walls of a building by means of locked doors inoperable by the person restrained. Restraint shall also mean the physical binding, strapping or similar restriction of any person in a chair, walker, bed or other contrivance for the purpose of deliberately restricting the free movement of ambulatory persons.
Restraint shall not be construed to include nonambulatory persons nor shall it include the use of bandage material, strip sheeting or other fabrics or materials (soft ties) used to restrain persons in hospital–type beds or wheelchairs to prevent injury, provided an approved method of quick release is maintained. Facilities employing the use of soft ties, however, shall be classified as a building used to house nonambulatory persons.
Restraint shall not be practiced in licensed facilities classified as Group I-1, R-3 and R-4 occupancies unless constructed as a Group I-3 occupancy. For Group I-3 occupancies see California Building Code Section 308.4.
RETAIL DISPLAY AREA. See Section 2802.1.
ROLL COATING. See Section 1502.1.
RUBBISH (TRASH). Combustible and noncombustible waste materials, including residue from the burning of coal, wood, coke or other combustible material, paper, rags, cartons, tin cans, metals, mineral matter, glass crockery, dust and discarded refrigerators, and heating, cooking or incinerator-type appliances.
SAFETY CAN. See Section 2702.1.
[B] SCISSOR STAIR. See Section 1002.1.
SECONDARY CONTAINMENT. See Section 2702.1.
SEGREGATED. See Section 2702.1.
[B] SELF-CLOSING. As applied to a fire door or other opening, means equipped with an approved device that will ensure closing after having been opened.
[B] SELF-LUMINOUS. See Section 1002.1.
SELF-SERVICE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. See Section 2202.1.
SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY. See Section 1802.1.
SERVICE CORRIDOR. See Section 1802.1.
SHELF STORAGE. See Section 2302.1.
SINGLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. See Section 902.1.
[B] SITE. A parcel of land bounded by a lot line or a designated portion of a public right-of-way.
SITE-FABRICATED STRETCH SYSTEM. See Section 802.1.
[B] SLEEPING UNIT. See Section 902.1.
SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION. See Section 3302.1.
SMALL ARMS PRIMERS. See Section 3302.1.
SMOKE ALARM. See Section 902.1.
[B] SMOKE BARRIER. A continuous membrane, either vertical or horizontal, such as a wall, floor, or ceiling assembly, that is designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke.
[B] SMOKE COMPARTMENT. A space within a building enclosed by smoke barriers on all sides, including the top and bottom.
[B] SMOKE DAMPER. A listed device installed in ducts and air transfer openings designed to resist the passage of smoke. The device is installed to operate automatically, controlled by a smoke detection system, and where required, is capable of being positioned from a fire command center.
SMOKE DETECTOR. See Section 902.1.
[B] SMOKE-DEVELOPED INDEX. See Section 802.1.
[B] SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING. See Section 1002.1.
SMOKELESS PROPELLANTS. See Section 3302.1.
[B] SMOKEPROOF ENCLOSURE. An exit stairway designed and constructed so that the movement of the products of combustion produced by a fire occurring in any part of the building into the enclosure is limited.
SOLID. See Section 2702.1.
SOLID SHELVING. See Section 2302.1.
SOLVENT DISTILLATION UNIT. See Section 3402.1.
SOLVENT OR LIQUID CLASSIFICATIONS. See Section 1202.1.
Class I solvents. See Section 1202.1.
Class II solvents. See Section 1202.1.
Class IIIA solvents. See Section 1202.1.
Class IIIB solvents. See Section 1202.1.
Class IV solvents. See Section 1202.1.
SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUILDING. A building that is temporary, permanent or mobile that contains a device or system that conveys passengers or provides a walkway along, around or over a course in any direction as a form of amusement arranged so that the egress path is not readily apparent due to visual or audio distractions or an intentionally confounded egress path, or is not readily available because of the mode of conveyance through the building or structure.
SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE. See Section 3302.1.
43SPRAY BOOTH. See Section 1502.1.
SPRAY ROOM. See Section 1502.1.
SPRAYING SPACE. See Section 1502.1.
[B] STAIR. See Section 1002.1.
[B] STAIRWAY. See Section 1002.1.
[B] STAIRWAY, EXTERIOR. See Section 1002.1.
[B] STAIRWAY, INTERIOR. See Section 1002.1.
[B] STAIRWAY, SPIRAL. See Section 1002.1.
STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASSES OF. See Section 902.1.
Class I system. See Section 902.1.
Class II system. See Section 902.1.
Class III system. See Section 902.1.
STANDPIPE, TYPES OF. See Section 902.1.
Automatic dry. See Section 902.1.
Automatic wet. See Section 902.1.
Manual dry. See Section 902.1.
Manual wet. See Section 902.1.
Semiautomatic dry. See Section 902.1.
STATE-OWNED/LEASED BUILDING. A building or portion of a building that is owned, leased or rented by the state. State-leased buildings shall include all required exits to a public way serving such leased area or space. Portions of state-leased buildings that are not leased or rented by the state shall not be included within the scope of this section unless such portions present an exposure hazard to the state-leased area or space.
STATIC PILES. See Section 1902.1.
STEEL. Hot-or cold-rolled as defined by the California Building Code.
STORAGE, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. See Section 2702.1.
[B] STORY. That portion of a building included between the upper surface of a floor and the upper surface of the floor or roof next above (also see “Mezzanine” and Section 502.1 of the California Building Code). It is measured as the vertical distance from top to top of two successive tiers of beams or finished floor surfaces and, for the topmost story, from the top of the floor finish to the top of the ceiling joists or, where there is not a ceiling, to the top of the roof rafters.
[B] STORY ABOVE GRADE PLANE. Any story having its finished floor surface entirely above grade plane, or in which the finished surface of the floor next above is:
[B] SUITE. See Section 1002.1.
SUPERVISING STATION. See Section 902.1.
SUPERVISORY SERVICE. See Section 902.1.
SUPERVISORY SIGNAL. See Section 902.1.
SUPERVISORY SIGNAL-INITIATING DEVICE. See Section 902.1.
SYSTEM. See Section 2702.1.
TANK. A vessel containing more than 60 gallons (227 L).
TANK, ATMOSPHERIC. See Section 2702.1.
TANK, PORTABLE. See Section 2702.1.
TANK, PRIMARY. See Section 3402.1.
TANK, PROTECTED ABOVE GROUND. A tank listed in accordance with UL 2085 consisting of a primary tank provided with protection from physical damage and fire-resistive protection from a high-intensity liquid pool fire exposure. The tank may provide protection elements as a unit or may be an assembly of components, or a combination thereof.
TANK, STATIONARY. See Section 2702.1.
TANK VEHICLE. See Section 2702.1.
TENT. See Section 2402.1.
TERMINALLY ILL. As termed for an individual, means the individual has a life expectancy of six months or less as stated in writing by his or her attending physician and surgeon.
THEFT RESISTANT. See Section 3302.1.
THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING. See Section 1702.1.
TIMBER and LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES. See Section 1902.1.
TIRES, BULK STORAGE OF. See Section 902.1.
TOOL. See Section 1802.1.
TORCH-APPLIED ROOF SYSTEM. See Section 2602.1.
[B] TOWNHOUSE. A single-family dwelling unit constructed in a group of three or more attached units in which each unit extends from the foundation to roof and with open space on at least two sides.
TOXIC. See Section 3702.1.
[B] TRANSIENT. Occupancy of a dwelling unit or sleeping unit for not more than 30 days.
[B] TRANSIENT AIRCRAFT. See Section 902.1.
TRANSVERSE FLUE SPACE. See Section 2302.1.
TRASH. See “Rubbish.”
TROUBLE SIGNAL. See Section 902.1.
TUBE TRAILER. See Section 3002.1.
UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE. See Section 2702.1.
UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIAL. See Section 4302.1.
Class 4. See Section 4302.1.
Class 3. See Section 4302.1.
Class 2. See Section 4302.1.
Class 1. See Section 4302.1.
UNWANTED FIRE. A fire not used for cooking, heating or recreational purposes or one not incidental to the normal operations of the property.
44USE (MATERIAL). See Section 2702.1.
VAPOR PRESSURE. See Section 2702.1.
[B] VENTILATION. The natural or mechanical process of supplying conditioned or unconditioned air to, or removing such air from, any space.
VESSEL. See Section 1002.1.
VISIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. See Section 902.1.
WATER-REACTIVE MATERIAL. See Section 4402.1.
Class 3. See Section 4402.1.
Class 2. See Section 4402.1.
Class 1. See Section 4402.1.
WET-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. See Section 902.1.
WHARF. See Section 4502.1.
WILDFIRE RISK AREA. Land that is covered with grass, grain, brush or forest, whether privately or publicly owned, which is so situated or is of such inaccessible location that a fire originating upon it would present an abnormally difficult job of suppression or would result in great or unusual damage through fire or such areas designated by the fire code official.
[B] WINDER. See Section 1002.1.
WINERY CAVES. A subterranean space for winery facilities in natural or manmade caves shall be in accordance with this California Building Code, Section 436.
WIRELESS PROTECTION SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.
WORKSTATION. See Section 1802.1.
[B] YARD. An open space, other than a court, unobstructed from the ground to the sky, except where specifically provided by the California Building Code, on the lot on which a building is situated.
ZONE. See Section 902.1.
ZONE, NOTIFICATION. See Section 902.1.
45 46Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the occupancy and maintenance of all structures and premises for precautions against fire and the spread of fire and general requirements of fire safety.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.14] Fire Hazard.
No person, including but not limited to the State and its political subdivisions, operating any occupancy subject to California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division I regulations shall permit any fire hazard, as defined in this article, to exist on premises under their control, or fail to take immediate action to abate a fire hazard when requested to do so by the enforcing agency.
Note: “Fire Hazard” as used in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division I regulations means any condition, arrangement, or act which will increase, or may cause an increase of, the hazard or menace of fire to a greater degree than customarily recognized as normal by persons in the public service of preventing, suppressing or extinguishing fire; or which may obstruct, delay, or hinder, or may become the cause of obstruction, delay or hindrance to the prevention, suppression or extinguishment of fire.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.19(a) through (g)] Housekeeping.
Every building or portion of a building governed by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division I regulations shall be maintained in a neat orderly manner, free from any condition that would create a fire or life hazard or a condition which would add to or contribute to the rapid spread of fire. Provisions shall be made for the proper storage and disposal of waste materials and rubbish consistent with the following:
Note: Such storage may be permitted in these areas only when protected by approved automatic extinguishing systems or fire-resistive separations.
301.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6 for the activities or uses regulated by Sections 306, 307, 308 and 315.
302.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
BONFIRE. An outdoor fire utilized for ceremonial purposes.
HI-BOY. A cart used to transport hot roofing materials on a roof.
HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINE. An electrical power transmission line operating at or above 66 kilovolts.
OPEN BURNING. The burning of materials wherein products of combustion are emitted directly into the ambient air without passing through a stack or chimney from an enclosed chamber. Open burning does not include road flares, smudge pots and similar devices associated with safety or occupational uses typically considered open flames, recreational fires or use of portable outdoor fireplaces. For the purpose of this definition, a chamber shall be regarded as enclosed when, during the time combustion occurs, only apertures, ducts,
49stacks, flues or chimneys necessary to provide combustion air and permit the escape of exhaust gas are open.
PORTABLE OUTDOOR FIREPLACE. A portable, outdoor, solid-fuel-burning fireplace that may be constructed of steel, concrete, clay or other noncombustible material. A portable outdoor fireplace may be open in design, or may be equipped with a small hearth opening and a short chimney or chimney opening in the top.
POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK. A forklift, tractor, platform lift truck or motorized hand truck powered by an electrical motor or internal combustion engine. Powered industrial trucks do not include farm vehicles or automotive vehicles for highway use.
RECREATIONAL FIRE. An outdoor fire burning materials other than rubbish where the fuel being burned is not contained in an incinerator, outdoor fireplace, portable outdoor fireplace, barbeque grill or barbeque pit and has a total fuel area of 3 feet (914 mm) or less in diameter and 2 feet (610 mm) or less in height for pleasure, religious, ceremonial, cooking, warmth or similar purposes.
303.1 Transporting. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall not be transported over any highway, road or street when the heat source for the kettle is operating.
Exception: Asphalt (tar) kettles in the process of patching road surfaces.
303.2 Location. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any combustible material, combustible building surface or any building opening and within a controlled area identified by the use of traffic cones, barriers or other approved means. Asphalt (tar) kettles and pots shall not be utilized inside or on the roof of a building or structure. Roofing kettles and operating asphalt (tar) kettles shall not block means of egress, gates, roadways or entrances.
303.3 Location of fuel containers. Fuel containers shall be located at least 10 feet (3048 mm) from the burner.
Exception: Containers properly insulated from heat or flame are allowed to be within 2 feet (610 mm) of the burner.
303.4 Attendant. An operating kettle shall be attended by a minimum of one employee knowledgeable of the operations and hazards. The employee shall be within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of the kettle and have the kettle within sight. Ladders or similar obstacles shall not form a part of the route between the attendant and the kettle.
303.5 Fire extinguishers. There shall be a portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 and with a minimum 40-B:C rating within 25 feet (7620 mm) of each asphalt (tar) kettle during the period such kettle is being utilized. Additionally, there shall be one portable fire extinguisher with a minimum 3-A:40-B:C rating on the roof being covered.
303.6 Lids. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall be equipped with tight-fitting lids.
303.7 Hi-boys. Hi-boys shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. Hi-boys shall be limited to a capacity of 55 gallons (208 L). Fuel Sources or heating elements shall not be allowed as part of a hi-boy.
303.8 Roofing Kettles. Roofing kettles shall be constructed of noncombustible materials.
303.9 Fuel containers under air pressure. Fuel containers that operate under air pressure shall not exceed 20 gallons (76 L) in capacity and shall be approved.
304.1 Waste accumulation prohibited. Combustible waste material creating a fire hazard shall not be allowed to accumulate in buildings or structures or upon premises.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.07(a)] Clearances.
(a) General. No combustible material shall be placed or stored within 10 feet (3048 mm) of any building or structure.
304.1.1 Waste material. Accumulations of wastepaper, wood, hay,straw, weeds, litter or combustible or flammable waste or rubbish of any type shall not be permitted to remain on a roof or in any court, yard, vacant lot, allay, parking lot, open space, or beneath a grandstand, bleacher, pier, wharf, manufactured home, recreational vehicle or other similar structure.
304.1.2 Vegetation. Weeds, grass, vines or other growth that is capable of being ignited and endangering property, shall be cut down and removed by the owner or occupant of the premises. Vegetation clearance requirements in urban-wildland interface areas shall be in accordance with Chapter 49.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.07(b)] Clearances.
(b) Ground Clearance. The space surrounding every building or structure shall be maintained in accordance with the following:
Any person that owns, leases, controls, operates or maintains any building or structure in, upon, or adjoining any mountainous area or forest-covered lands, brush covered lands, or grass-covered lands, or any land which is covered with flammable material, shall at all times do all of the following:
- Maintain around and adjacent to such building or structure a firebreak made by removing and clearing away, for a distance of not less than 30 feet (9144 mm) on each side there of or to the property line, whichever is nearer, all flammable vegetation or other combustible growth. This section does not apply to single specimens of trees, ornamental shrubbery, or similar plants which are used as ground cover, if they do not form a means of rapidly transmitting fire from the native growth to any building or structure.
- Maintain around and adjacent to any such building or structure additional fire protection or firebreak made
50
by removing all bush, flammable vegetation or combustible growth which is located from 30 feet (9144 mm) to 100 feet (30 480 mm) from such building or structure or to the property line, whichever is nearer, as may be required by the enforcing agency if he finds that, because of extra hazardous conditions, a firebreak of only 30 feet (9144 mm) around such building or structure is not sufficient to provide reasonable fire safety. Grass and other vegetation located more than 30 feet (9144 mm) from such building or structure and less than 18 inches (457 mm) in height above the ground may be maintained where necessary to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion.- Remove that portion of any tree which extends within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the outlet of any chimney or stovepipe.
- Cut and remove all dead or dying portions of trees located adjacent to or overhanging any building.
- Maintain the roof of any structure free of leaves, needles, or other dead vegetative growth.
- Provide and maintain at all times a screen over the outlet of every chimney or stovepipe that is attached to any fireplace, stove, or other device that burns any solid or liquid fuel. The screen shall be constructed of non-flammable material with openings of not more than ½ inch in size.
- Vegetation around all applicable buildings and structures shall be maintained in accordance with the following laws and regulations:
- Public Resources Code Section 4291.
- California Code of Regulations Title 14 - Natural Resources, Division 1.5 - Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, “General Guideline to Create Defensible Space.”
- California Government Code Section 51182.
- California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part 9.
304.1.3 Space underneath seats. Spaces underneath grandstand and bleacher seats shall be kept free from combustible and flammable materials. Except where enclosed in not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction in accordance with the International Building Code, spaces underneath grandstand and bleacher seats shall not be occupied or utilized for purposes other than means of egress.
304.2 Storage. Storage of combustible rubbish shall not produce conditions that will create a nuisance or a hazard to the public health, safety or welfare.
304.3 Containers. Combustible rubbish, and waste material kept within or near a structure shall be stored in accordance with Sections 304.3.1 through 304.3.4.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.19(b) and (c) Housekeeping.
Every building or portion of a building governed by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 regulations shall be maintained in a neat orderly manner, free from any condition that would create a fire or life hazard or a condition which would add to or contribute to the rapid spread of fire. Provisions shall be made for the proper storage and disposal of waste materials and rubbish consistent with the following:
(b) All combustible waste material and rubbish shall be stored in approved containers or shall be stored in a manner approved by the enforcing agency as being consistent with standard fire prevention practices until such waste material and rubbish is removed from the premises or otherwise disposed of in a proper manner.
304.3.1 Spontaneous ignition. Materials susceptible to spontaneous ignition, such as oily rags, shall be stored in a listed disposal container. Contents of such containers shall be removed and disposed of daily.
304.3.2 Capacity exceeding 5.33 cubic feet. Containers with a capacity exceeding 5.33 cubic feet (40 gallons) (0.15 m3) shall be provided with lids. Containers and lids shall be constructed of noncombustible materials or of combustible materials with a peak rate of heat release not exceeding 300 kW/m2 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1354 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2 in the horizontal orientation.
Exception: Wastebaskets in Group I-3 occupancies shall comply with Section 808.1.
304.3.3 Capacity exceeding 1.5 cubic yards. Dumpsters and containers with an individual capacity of 1.5 cubic yards [40.5 cubic feet (1.15 m3)] or more shall not be stored in buildings or placed within 5 feet (1524 mm) of combustible walls, openings or combustible roof eave lines.
Exceptions:
- Dumpsters or containers in areas protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed throughout in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3.
- Storage in a structure shall not be prohibited where the structure is of Type I or IIA construction, located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from other buildings and used exclusively for dumpster or container storage.
304.3.4 Capacity of 1 cubic yard or more. Dumpsters with an individual capacity of 1.0 cubic yard [200 gallons (0.76 m3)] or more shall not be stored in buildings or placed within 5 feet (1524 mm) of combustible walls, openings or combustible roof eave lines unless the dumpsters are constructed of noncombustible materials or of combustible materials
51with a peak rate of heat release not exceeding 300 kW/m2 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1354 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2 in the horizontal orientation.
Exceptions:
- Dumpsters in areas protected by an approved automatic sprinkler systeminstalled throughout in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3.
- Storage in a structure shall not be prohibited where the structure is of Type I or IIA construction, located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from other buildings and used exclusively for dumpster or container storage.
305.1 Clearance from ignition sources. Clearance between ignition sources, such as luminaires, heaters flame-producing devices and combustible materials, shall be maintained in an approved manner.
305.2 Hot ashes and spontaneous ignition sources. Hot ashes, cinders, smoldering coals or greasy or oily materials subject to spontaneous ignition shall not be deposited in a combustible receptacle, within 10 feet (3048 mm) of other combustible material including combustible walls and partitions or within 2 feet (610 mm) of openings to buildings.
Exception: The minimum required separation distance to other combustible materials shall be 2 feet (610 mm) where the material is deposited in a covered, noncombustible receptacle placed on a noncombustible floor, ground surface or stand.
305.3 Open-flame warning devices. Open-flame warning devices shall not be used along an excavation, road, or any place where the dislodgment of such device might permit the device to roll, fall or slide on to any area or land containing combustible material.
305.4 Deliberate or negligent burning. It shall be unlawful to deliberately or through negligence set fire to or cause the burning of combustible material in such a manner as to endanger the safety of persons or property.
306.1 Motion picture projection rooms. Electric are, xenon or other light source projection equipment which develops hazardous gases, dust or radiation and the projection of ribbon-type cellulose nitrate film, regardless of the light source used in projection, shall be operated within a motion picture projection room complying with Section 409 of the International Building Code.
306.2 Cellulose nitrate film storage. Storage of cellulose nitrate film shall be in accordance with NFPA 40.
307.1 General. A person shall not kindle or maintain or authorize to be kindled or maintained any open burning unless conducted and approved in accordance with this section.
307.1.1 Prohibited open burning. Open burning that is offensive or objectionable because of smoke emissions or when atmospheric conditions or local circumstances make such fires hazardous shall be prohibited.
307.2 Permit required. A permit shall be obtained from the fire code official in accordance with Section 105.6 prior to kindling a fire for recognized silvicultural or range or wildlife management practices, prevention or control of disease or pests, or a bonfire. Application for such approval shall only be presented by and permits issued to the owner of the land upon which the fire is to be kindled.
307.2.1 Authorization. Where required by state or local law or regulations, open burning shall only be permitted with prior approval from the state of local air and water quality management authority, provided that all conditions specified in the authorization are followed.
307.3 Extinguishment authority. The fire code official is authorized to order the extinguishment by the permit holder, another person responsible or the fire department of open burning that creates or adds to a hazardous or objectionable situation.
307.4 Location. The location for open burning shall not be less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from any structure, and provisions shall be made to prevent the fire from spreading to within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of any structure.
Exceptions:
- Fires in approved containers that are not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) from a structure.
- The minimum required distance from a structure shall be 25 feet (7620 mm) where the pile size is 3 feet (914 mm) or less in diameter and 2 feet (610 mm) or less in height.
307.4.1 Bonfires. A bonfire shall not be conducted within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of a structure or combustible material unless the fire is contained in a barbecue pit. Conditions which could cause a fire to spread within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of a structure shall be eliminated prior to ignition.
307.4.2 Recreational fires. Recreational fires shall not be conducted within 25 feet (7620 mm) of a structure or combustible material. Conditions which could cause a fire to spread within 25 feet (7620 mm) of a structure shall be eliminated prior to ignition.
307.4.3 Portable outdoor fireplaces. Portable outdoor fireplaces shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and shall not be operated within 15 feet (3018 mm) of a structure or combustible material.
52Exception: Portable outdoor fireplaces. used at one- and two-family dwellings.
307.5 Attendance. Open burning, bonfires, recreational fires and use of portable outdoor fireplaces shall be constantly attended until the fire is extinguished. A minimum of one portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 with a minimum 4-A rating or other approved on-site fire-extinguishing equipment, such as dirt, sand, water barrel, garden hose or water truck, shall be available for immediate utilization.
308.1 General. Open flame, fire and burning on all premises shall be in accordance with Sections 308.1.1 through 308.4.1 and with other applicable sections of this code.
308.1.1 Where prohibited. A person shall not take or utilize an open flame or light in a structure, vessel, boat or other place where highly flammable, combustible or explosive material is utilized or stored. Lighting appliances shall be well-secured in a glass globe and wire mesh case or a similar approved device.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.25(a) and (b)] Open Flame Devices.
Exceptions:
- Fuel burning elements of approved appliances shall not be considered as open flame devices.
- Upon approval of the enforcing agency, open flame devices may be used under the following conditions.
- When necessary for ceremonial or theatrical purposes under such restrictions as may be deemed necessary to avoid danger of ignition of combustible materials or injury to occupants.
- In approved and stable candle holders on individual tables of dining establishments.
308.1.2 Throwing or placing sources of ignition. No person shall throw or place, or cause to be thrown or placed, a lighted match, cigar, cigarette, matches, or other flaming or glowing substance or object on any surface or article where it can cause an unwanted fire.
308.1.3 Torches for removing paint. Persons utilizing a torch or other flame-producing device for removing paint from a structure shall provide a minimum of one portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 and with a minimum 4-A rating, two portable fire extinguishers, each with a minimum 2-A rating, or a water hose connected to the water supply on the premises where such burning is done. The person doing the burning shall remain on the premises 1 hour after the torch or flame-producing device is utilized.
308.1.4 Open-flame cooking devices. Charcoal burners and other open-flame cooking devices shall not be operated on combustible balconies or within 10 feet (3048 mm) of combustible construction.
Exceptions:
- One-and two-family dwellings.
- Where buildings, balconies and decks are protected by an automatic sprinkler system.
- LP-gas cooking devices having LP-gas container with a water capacity not greater than 2½ pounds [nominal 1 pound (0.54 kg) LP-gas capacity].
308.1.5 Location near combustibles. Open flames such as from candles, lanterns, kerosene heaters and gas-fired heaters shall not be located on or near decorative material or similar combustible materials.
308.1.6 Open-flame devices. Torches and other devices, machines or processes liable to start or cause fire shall not be operated or used in or upon wildfire risk areas, except by a permit in accordance with Section 105.6 secured from the fire code official.
Exception: Use within inhabited premises or designated campsites which are a minimum of 30 feet (9144 mm) from grass-, grain-, brush- or forest-covered areas.
308.1.6.1 Signals and markers. Flame-employing devices, such as lanterns or kerosene road flares, shall not be operated or used as a signal or marker in or upon wildfire risk areas.
Exception: The proper use of fuses at the scenes of emergencies or as required by standard railroad operating procedures.
308.1.6.2 Portable fueled open-flame devices. Portable open-flame devices fueled by flammable or combustible gases or liquids shall be enclosed or installed in such a manner as to prevent the flame from contacting combustible material.
Exceptions:
- LP-gas-fueled devices used for sweating pipe joints or removing paint in accordance with Chapter 38.
- Cutting and welding operations in accordance with Chapter 26.
- Torches or flame-producing devices in accordance with Section 308.4.
- Candles and open-flame decorative devices in accordance with Section 308.3.
308.1.7 Religious ceremonies. When, in the opinion of the fire code official, adequate safeguards have been taken, participants in religious ceremonies are allowed to carry hand-held candles. Hand-held candles shall not be passed from one person to another while lighted.
308.1.7.1 Aisles and exits. Candles shall be prohibited in areas where occupants stand, or in an aisle or exit.
308.1.8 Flaming food and beverage preparation. The preparation of flaming foods or beverages in places of assembly and drinking or dining establishments shall be in accordance with Sections 308.1.8.1 through 308.1.8.5.
308.1.8.1 Dispensing. Flammable or combustible liquids used in the preparation of flaming foods or beverages shall be dispensed from one of the following:
308.1.8.2 Containers not in use. Containers shall be secured to prevent spillage when not in use.
308.1.8.3 Serving of flaming food. The serving of flaming foods or beverages shall be done in a safe manner and shall not create high flames. the pouring, lading or spooning of liquids is restricted to a maximum height of 8 inches (203 mm) above the receiving receptacle.
308.1.8.4 Location. Flaming foods or beverages shall be prepared only in the immediate vicinity of the table being serviced. They shall not be transported or carried while burning.
308.1.8.5 Fire protection. The person preparing the flaming foods or beverage shall have a wet cloth towel immediately available for use in smothering the flames in the event of an emergency.
308.2 Permits required. Permits shall be obtained from the fire code official in accordance with Section 105.6 prior to engaging in the following activities involving open flame, fire and burning:
308.3 Group A occupancies. Open-flame devices shall not be used in a Group A occupancy.
Exceptions:
- Open-flame devices are allowed to be used in the following situations, provided approved precautions are taken to prevent ignition of a combustible material or injury to occupants:
- Where necessary for ceremonial or religious purposes in accordance with Section 308.1.7.
- On stages and platforms as a necessary part of a performance in accordance with Section 308.3.2.
- Where candles on tables are securely supported on substantial noncombustible bases and the candle flames are protected.
- Heat-producing equipment complying with Chapter 6 and the International Mechanical Code.
- Gas lights are allowed to be used provided adequate precautions satisfactory to the fire code official are taken to prevent ignition of combustible materials.
308.3.1 Open-flame decorative devices. Open-flame decorative devices shall comply with all of the following restrictions:
Exception: Devices that self-extinguish if tipped over and do not spill fuel or wax at the rate of more than 0.25 teaspoon per minute (1.26 ml per minute) if tipped over.
Exception: A chimney is not required to be attached to any open-flame device that will self-extinguish if the device is tipped over.
308.3.2 Theatrical performances. Where approved, open-flame devices used in conjunction with theatrical performances are allowed to be used when adequate safety precautions have been taken in accordance with NFPA 160.
308.4 Group R occupancies. Open flame, fire and burning in Group R occupancies shall comply with the requirements of Sections 308.1 through 308.1.6.2 and 308.4.1.
308.4.1 Group R-2 dormitories. Candles, incense and similar open-flame-producing items shall not be allowed in sleeping units in Group R-2 dormitory occupancies.
308.5 Group I, R-2.1, R-3.1, R-4 occupancies or any licensed care facility. A person shall not utilize or allow to be utilized, an open flame in Group 1, R-2.1, R-3.1, R-4 occupancies or any licensed care facilities.
309.1 General. Powered industrial trucks and similar equipment including, but not limited to, floor scrubbers and floor buffers, shall be operated and maintained in accordance with this section.
309.2 Battery chargers. Battery chargers shall be of an approved type. Combustible storage shall be kept a minimum of 3 feet (915 mm) from battery chargers. Battery charging shall not be conducted in areas accessible to the public.
309.3 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided in an approved manner in battery-charging areas to prevent a dangerous accumulation of flammable gases.
309.4 Fire extinguishers. Battery-charging areas shall be provided with a fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 having a minimum 4-A:20-B:C rating within 20 feet (6096 mm) of the battery charger.
309.5 Refueling. Powered industrial trucks using liquid fuel, LP-gas or hydrogen shall be refueled outside of buildings or in areas specifically approved for that purpose. Fixed fuel-dispensing equipment and associated fueling operations shall be in accordance with Chapter 22. Other fuel-dispensing equipment and operations, including cylinder exchange for LP-gas-fueled vehicles, shall be in accordance with Chapter 34 for flammable and combustible liquids or Chapter 38 for LP-gas.
309.6 Repairs. Repairs to fuel systems, electrical systems and repairs utilizing open flame or welding shall be done in approved locations outside of buildings or in areas specifically approved for that purpose.
310.1 General. The smoking or carrying of a lighted pipe, cigar, cigarette or any other type of smoking paraphernalia or material is prohibited in the areas indicated in Sections 310.2 through 310.8.
310.2 Prohibited areas. Smoking shall be prohibited where conditions are such as to make smoking a hazard, and in spaces where flammable or combustible materials are stored or handled.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.32 (a) and (b)]Smoking.
Note: See Section 48901 of the Education Code relating to the smoking or possession of tobacco by pupils.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.32(d)] Smoking.
(d) Smoking shall be prohibited in any patient room of a Group 1, R-2.1, R-3.1 or R-4 class="i" occupancy utilizing air-induced mattresses. No Smoking - Open Flame signs shall be installed as specified in NFPA 99B, Hypobaric Facilities, 2005 edition.
310.3 “No Smoking” signs. The fire code official is authorized to order the posting of “No Smoking” signs in a conspicuous location in each structure or locations in which smoking is prohibited. The content, lettering, size, color and location of required “No Smoking” signs shall be approved.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.32(c)] Smoking.
(c) Approved no smoking signs shall be posted on all stages and platforms of Group A occupancies. Smoking shall not be permitted on stages or platforms except in approved designated areas and as necessary for theatrical, opera or similar productions.
310.4 Removal of signs prohibited. A posted “No Smoking” sign shall not be obscured, removed, defaced, mutilated or destroyed.
310.5 Compliance with “No Smoking” signs. Smoking shall not be permitted not shall a person smoke, throw or deposit any lighted or smoldering substance in any place where “No Smoking” signs are posted.
310.6 Ash trays. Where smoking is permitted, suitable noncombustible trays or match receivers shall be provided on each table and at other appropriate locations.
310.7 Burning objects. Lighted matches, cigarettes, cigars or other burning object shall not be discarded in such a manner that could cause ignition of other combustible material.
310.8 Hazardous environmental conditions. When the fire code official determines that hazardous environmental conditions necessitate controlled use of smoking materials, the ignition or use of such materials in mountainous, brush-covered or forest-covered areas or other designated areas is prohibited except in approved designated smoking areas.
55311.1 General. Temporarily unoccupied buildings, structures, premises or portions thereof, including tenant spaces, shall be safeguarded and maintained in accordance with this section.
311.1.1 Abandoned premises. Buildings, structures and premises for which an owner cannot be identified or located by dispatch of a certificate of mailing to the last known or registered address, which persistently or repeatedly become unprotected or unsecured, which have been occupied by unauthorized persons or for illegal purposes, or which present a danger of structural collapse or fire spread to adjacent properties shall be considered abandoned, declared unsafe and abated by demolition or rehabilitation in accordance with the International Property Maintenance Code and the International Building Code.
311.1.2 Tenant spaces. Storage and lease plans required by this code shall be revised and updated to reflect temporary or partial vacancies.
311.2 Safeguarding vacant premises. Temporarily unoccupied buildings, structures, premises or portions there of shall be secured and protected in accordance with this section.
311.2.1 Security. Exterior and interior openings accessible to other tenants or unauthorized persons shall be boarded, locked, blocked or otherwise protected to prevent entry by unauthorized individuals. The fire code official is authorized to placard, post signs, erect barrier tape or take similar measures as necessary to secure public safety.
311.2.2 Fire protection. Fire alarm, sprinkler and stand-pipe systems shall be maintained in an operable condition at all times.
Exceptions:
- When the premises have been cleared of all combustible materials and debris and, in the opinion of the fire code official, the type of construction, fire separation distance and security of the premises do not create a fire hazard.
- Where approved by the fire chief, buildings that will not be heated and where fire protection systems will be exposed to freezing temperatures, fire alarm and sprinkler systems are permitted to be placed out of service and standpipes are permitted to be maintained as dry systems (without an automatic water supply), provided the building has no contents or storage, and windows, doors and other openings are secured to prohibit entry by unauthorized persons.
311.2.3 Fire separation. Fire-resistance-rated partitions, fire barriers and fire walls separating vacant tenant spaces from the remainder of the building shall be maintained. Openings, joints and penetrations in fire-resistance-rated assemblies shall be protected in accordance with Chapter 7.
311.3 Removal of combustibles. persons owning, or in charge or control of, a vacant building or portion thereof, shall remove there from all accumulations of combustible materials, flammable or combustible waste or rubbish and shall securely lock or otherwise secure doors, windows and other openings to prevent entry by unauthorized persons. The premises shall be maintained clear of waste of hazardous materials.
Exceptions:
- Buildings or portions of buildings undergoing additions, alterations,repairs or change of occupancy in accordance with the International Building Code, where waste is controlled and removed as required by Section 304.
- Seasonally occupied buildings.
311.4 Removal of hazardous materials. Persons owing or having charge or control of a vacant building containing hazardous materials regulated by Chapter 27 shall comply with the facility closure requirements of Section 2701.6.
311.5 Placards. Any vacant or abandoned buildings or structures determined to be unsafe pursuant to Section 110 of this code relating to structural or interior hazards shall be marked as required by Section 311.5.1 through 311.5.5
311.5.1 Placard location. Placards shall be applied on the front of the structure and be visible from the street. Additional placards shall be applied to the side of each entrance to the structure and on penthouses.
311.5.2 Placard size and color: Placards shall be 24 inches by 24 inches (610 mm by 610 mm) minimum in size with a red background, white reflective stripes and a white reflective border. The stripes and border shall have a 2-inch (51 mm) minimum stroke.
311.5.3 Placard date. Placards shall bear the date of their application to the buildings and the date of the most recent inspection.
311.5.4 Placard symbols. The design of the placards shall use the following symbols:
311.5.5 Informational use. The use of these symbols shall be informational only and shall not in any way limit the discretion of the on-scene incident commander.
312.1 General Vehicle impact protection required by this code shall be provided by post that comply with Section 312.2 or by other approved physical barriers that comply with Section 312.3.
312.2 Posts. Guard posts shall comply with all of the following requirements:
312.3 Other barriers. Physical barriers shall be a minimum of 36 inches (914 mm) in height and shall resist a force of 12,000 pounds (53 375 N ) applied 36 inches (914 mm) above the adjacent ground surface.
313.1 General. Fueled equipment including, but not limited to, motorcycles, mopeds, lawn-care equipment, portable generators and portable cooking equipment, shall not be stored, operated or repaired within a building.
Exceptions:
- Buildings or rooms constructed for such use in accordance with the International Building Code.
- Where allowed by Section 314.
- Storage of equipment utilized for maintenance purposes is allowed in approved locations when the aggregate fuel capacity of the stored equipment does not exceed 10 gallons (38 L) and the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
313.1.1 Removal. The fire code official is authorized to required removal of fueled equipment from locations where the presence of such equipment is determined by the fire code official to be hazardous.
313.2 Group R occupancies. Vehicles powered by flammable liquids, Class II combustible liquids or compressed flammable gases shall not be stored within the living space of Group R buildings.
314.1 General. Indoor displays constructed within any occupancy shall comply with Sections 314.2 through 314.4.
314.2 Fixtures and displays Fixtures and displays of goods for sale to the public shall be arranged so as to maintain free, immediate and unobstructed access to exits as required by Chapter 10.
314.3 Highly combustible goods The display of highly combustible goods, including but not limited to fireworks, flammable or combustible liquids,, liquefied flammable gases, oxidizing materials, pyroxylin plastics and agricultural goods, in main exit access aisles, corridors, covered malls, or within 5 feet (1524 mm) of entrances to exits and exterior exit door is prohibited when a fire involving such goods would rapidly prevent or obstruct egress.
314.4 Vehicles. Liquid- or gas-fueled vehicles, boats or other motorcraft shall not be located indoors except as follows:
315.1 General. Storage, use and handling of miscellaneous combustible materials shall be in accordance with this section. A permit shall be obtained in accordance with Section 105.6.
315.2 Storage in buildings. Storage of combustible materials in buildings shall be orderly. Storage shall be separated from heaters or heating devices by distance or shielding so that ignition cannot occur.
315.2.1 Ceiling clearance. Storage shall be maintained 2 feet (610 mm) or more below the ceiling in nonsprinklered areas of buildings or a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm) below sprinkler head deflectors in sprinkler areas of buildings.
315.2.2 Means of egress. Combustible materials shall not be stored in exits or exit enclosures.
315.2.3 Equipment rooms. Combustible material shall not be stored in boiler rooms, mechanical rooms or electrical equipment rooms.
315.2.4 Attic, under-floor and concealed spaces. Attic, under-floor and concealed spaces used for storage of combustible materials shall be protected on the storage side as required for 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. Openings shall be protected by assemblies that are self-closing and are of noncombustible construction or solid wood core not less than 1¾ inches (44.5 mm) in thickness. Storage shall not be placed on exposed joists.
Exceptions:
315.3 Outside storage. Outside storage of combustible materials shall not be located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of a property line.
Exceptions:
- The separation distance is allowed to be reduced to 3 feet (914 mm) for storage not exceeding 6 feet (1829 mm) in height.
- The separation distance is allowed to be reduced when the fire code official determines that no hazard to the adjoining property exists.
315.3.1 Storage beneath overhead projections from buildings. Where buildings are protected by automatic sprinklers, the outdoor storage, display and handling of combustible materials under eaves, canopies or other projections or overhangs is prohibited except where automatic sprinklers are installed under such eaves, canopies or other projections or overhangs.
315.3.2 Height. Storage in the open shall not exceed 20 feet (6096 mm) in height.
315.4. Storage underneath high-voltage transmission lines. Storage located underneath high-voltage transmission lines shall be in accordance with Section 316.5.2.
316.1 Trapdoors to be closed. Trapdoors and scuttle covers, other than those that are within a dwelling unit or automatically operated, shall be kept closed at all times except when in use.
316.2 Shaftway markings. Vertical shafts shall be identified as required by this section.
316.2.1 Exterior access to shaftways. Outside openings accessible to the fire department and which open directly on a hoistway or shaftway communicating between two or more floors in a buildings shall be plainly marked with the word SHAFTWAY in red letters at least 6 inches (152 mm) high on a white background. Such warning signs shall be placed so as to be readily discernible from the outside of the buildings.
316.2.2 Interior access to shaftways. Door or window openings to a hoistway or shaftway from the interior of the building shall be plainly marked with the word SHAFTWAY in red letters at least 6 inches (152 mm) high on a white background. Such warning signs shall be placed so as to be readily discernible.
Exception: Marking shall not be required on shaftway openings which are readily discernible as openings onto a shatfway by the construction or arrangement.
316.3 Pitfalls. The intentional design or alteration of buildings to disable, injure, main or kill intruders is prohibited. No person shall install and use firearms, sharp or pointed objects, razor wire, explosives flammable or combustible liquid containers, or dispensers containing highly toxic, irritant or other hazardous materials in a manner which may passively or actively disable, injure, maim or kill a fire fighter who forcibly enters a buildings for the purpose of controlling or extinguishing a fire, rescuing trapped occupants or rendering other emergency assistance.
316.4 Security device. Any security device or system that emits any medium that could obscure a means of egress in any building, structure or premise shall be prohibited.
316.5 Structures and outdoor storage underneath high-voltage transmission lines. Structures and outdoor storage underneath high-voltage transmission lines shall comply with Section 316.5.1 and 316.5.2, respectively.
316.5.1 Structure. Structures shall not be constructed within the utility easement underneath high-voltage transmission lines.
Exception: Restrooms and unoccupied telecommunication structures of noncombustible construction less than 15 feet in height.
316.5.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage within the utility easement underneath high-voltage transmission lines shall be limited to noncombustible material. Storage of hazardous materials including, but not limited to, flammable and combustible liquids is prohibited.
Exception: Combustible storage, including vehicles and fuel storage for backup power equipment serving public utility equipment, is allowed, provided that a plan indicating the storage configuration is submitted and approved
317.1 Laundry carts with a capacity of 1 cubic yard or more. Laundry carts with an individual capacity of 1 cubic yard [200 gallons (0.76 m3)] or more, used in laundries within Group B, F-1, I and R-1 occupancies shall be constructed of noncombustible materials or materials having a peak rate of heat release not exceeding 300 kW/m2 at a flux of 50 kW/m2 when tested in a horizontal orientation in accordance with ASTM E 1354.
Exceptions:
- Laundry carts in areas protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed throughout in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
- Laundry carts in coin-operated laundries.
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire CA chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) |
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Adopt only those sections that are listed below |
X | ||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
401 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
402 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
403 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
407 | X |
401.1 Scope. Reporting of emergencies, coordination with emergency response forces, emergency plans and procedures for managing or responding to emergencies shall comply with the provisions of this section.
Exception: Firms that have approved on-premises fire-fighting organizations and that are in compliance with approved procedures for fire reporting.
401.2 Approval. Where required by this code, fire safety plans, emergency procedures and employee training programs shall be approved by the fire code official.
401.3 Emergency responder notification. Notification of emergency responders shall be in accordance with Sections 401.3.1 through 401.3.3.
401.3.1 Fire events. In the event an unwanted fire occurs on a property, the owner or occupant shall immediately report such condition to the fire department.
401.3.2 Alarm activations. Upon activation of a fire alarm signal, employees or staff shall immediately notify the fire department.
401.3.3 Delayed notification. A person shall not, by verbal or written directive, require any delay in the reporting of a fire to the fire department.
401.4 Required plan implementation. In the event an unwanted fire is detected in a building or a fire alarm activates, the emergency plan shall be implemented.
401.5 Making false report. A person shall not give, signal or transmit a false alarm.
401.6 Emergency evacuation drills. The sounding of a fire alarm signal and the carrying out of an emergency evacuation drill in accordance with the provisions of Section 405 shall be allowed.
401.7 Unplanned evacuation. Evacuations made necessary by the unplanned activation of a fire alarm system or by any other emergency shall not be substituted for a required evacuation drill.
401.8 Interference with fire department operations. It shall be unlawful to interfere with, attempt to interfere with, conspire to interfere with, obstruct or restrict the mobility of or block the path of travel of a fire department emergency vehicle in any way, or to interfere with, attempt to interfere with, conspire to interfere with, obstruct or hamper any fire department operation.
402.1 Definition. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRILL. An exercise performed to train staff and occupants and to evaluate their efficiency and effectiveness in carrying out emergency evacuation procedures.
LOCKDOWN. An emergency situation, in other than a Group I-3 occupancy, requiring that the occupants be sheltered and secured in place within a building when normal evacuation would put occupants at risk.
403.1 Fire watch personnel. When, in the opinion of the fire code official, it is essential for public safety in a place of assembly or any other place where people congregate, because of the number of persons, or the nature of the performance, exhibition, display, contest or activity, the owner, agent or lessee shall provide one or more fire watch personnel, as required and approved, to remain on duty during the times such places are open to the public, or when such activity is being conducted.
403.1.1 Duties. Fire watch personnel shall keep diligent watch for fires, obstructions to means of egress and other hazards during the time such place is open to the public or such activity is being conducted and take prompt measures for remediation of hazards, extinguishment of fires that occur and assist in the evacuation of the public from the structures.
403.2 Public safety plan. In other than Group A or E occupancies, where the fire code official determines that an indoor or outdoor gathering of persons has an adverse impact on public safety through diminished access to buildings, structures, fire hydrants and fire apparatus access roads or where such gatherings adversely affect public safety services of any king, the fire code official shall have the authority to order the development of, or prescribe a plan for, the provision of an approved level of public safety.
403.2.1 Contents. The public safety plan, where required by Section 403.2, shall address such items as emergency vehicle ingress and egress, fire protection, emergency medical services, public assembly areas and the directing of both attendees and vehicles (including the parking of vehicles), vendor and food concession distribution, and the need for the presence of law enforcement, and fire and emergency medical services personnel at the event.
403.3 Crowd managers. Trained crowd managers shall be provided for facilities or events where more than 1,000 persons congregate. The minimum number of crowd managers shall be
61established at a ratio of one crowd manager to every 250 persons. Where approved by the fire code official, the ratio of crowd managers shall be permitted to be reduced where the facility is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system or based upon the nature of the event.
404.1 General. Fire safety, evacuation and lockdown plans and associated drills shall comply with the requirements of Sections 404.2 through 404.5.1.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.10] Evacuation of Buildings.
Upon notification of fire, conduct of any fire drill, upon activation of the fire alarm, or upon orders of the fire authority having jurisdiction, buildings or structures within the scope of California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 regulations shall be immediately evacuated or occupants shall be relocated in accordance with established plans.
404.2 Where required. An approved fire safety and evacuation plan shall be prepared and maintained for the following occupancies and buildings.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.13(c)(1)] Fire Drills. (Organized Camps)
(c) Organized Camps.
404.3 Contents. Fire safety and evacuation plan contents shall be in accordance with Sections 404.3.1 and 404.3.2.
404.3.1 Fire evacuation plans. Fire evacuation plans shall include the following:
404.3.2 Fire safety plans. Fire safety plans shall include the following:
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.13(a)(2)] Fire Drills. (Group E Occupancies)
(a) Group E Occupancies.
(2) Emergency Pre-Fire Planning. Each school principal, district superintendent or day nursery manager shall, in cooperation with the enforcing agency, prepare procedures to be followed in case of fire or other emergency. They should include the following:
- Posting of the telephone number of the fire department in the office and/or at the main switchboard.
- Assignment of a responsible person to call the fire department upon notification of any fire or activation of the alarm system for any reason other than fire drills.
- Posting in a conspicuous place in each classroom or assembly areas a plan showing paths of travel to evacuate the room in case of emergency and including an alternate route.
- Posting in each classroom instructions to be followed by the teacher. These should include:
- Maintaining of order during evacuation.
- Removal of roll call book and calling of roll when designated evacuation area is reached.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.13(b)] Fire Drills. (College and University)
(b) College and University Pre-Fire Planning. The Chancellor, President, or his designated representative, shall, in cooperation with the enforcing agency, propose procedures to be followed in case of fire or other emergency in accordance with the provisions of California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 3.13 (a)(2).
404.3.3 Lockdown plans. Where facilities develop a lockdown plan, the lockdown plan shall be in accordance with Sections 404.3.3.1 through 404.3.3.3.
404.3.3.1 Lockdown plan contents. Lockdown plans shall be approved by the fire code official and shall include the following:
404.3.3.2 Training frequency. The training frequency shall be included in the lockdown plan. The lockdown drills shall not substitute for any of the fire and evacuation drills required in Section 405.2.
404.3.3.3 Lockdown notification. The method of notifying building occupants of a lockdown shall be included in the plan. The method of notification shall be separate and distinct from the fire alarm signal.
404.4 Maintenance. Fire safety and evacuation plans shall be reviewed or updated annually or as necessitated by changes in staff assignments, occupancy or the physical arrangement of the building.
404.5 Availability. Fire safety and evacuation plans shall be available in the workplace for reference and review by employees, and copies shall be furnished to the fire code official for review upon request.
404.5.1 Distribution. The fire safety and evacuation plans shall be distributed to the tenants and building service employees by the owner or owner’s agent. Tenants shall distribute to their employees applicable parts of the fire safety plan affecting the employees’ actions in the event of a fire or other emergency.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.09 Emergency Planning and Information.]
operator(s) shall be notified in writing by those who have disabilities. Information provided in the list shall include any special emergency evacuation needs and permanent work location of such physically disabled persons. The list shall be located in the building manager’s office; and
Exception: In hotels, motels, lodging houses and Group I, Division 1 and 2 occupancies as defined in the State Building Code, guests and patients are not required to participate in evacuation or relocation of the building. In hotels, motels, lodging houses, Group I, Division 1 and 2 occupancies as defined in the State Building Code, and high-rise office buildings, on-duty personnel who have security or maintenance related responsibilities, and designated management personnel approved by the fire authority having jurisdiction shall not be required to participate in any drill, but they shall provide an alternate method approved by the authority having jurisdiction to measure their knowledge of their respective duties pursuant to the emergency plan.
405.1 General. Emergency evacuation drills complying with the provisions of this section shall be conducted at least annually in the occupancies listed in Section 404.2 or when required by the fire code official. Drills shall be designed in cooperation with the local authorities.
405.2 Frequency. Required emergency evacuation drills shall be held at the intervals specified in Table 405.2 or more frequently where necessary to familiarize all occupants with the drill procedure.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.13(a)(1)] Fire Drills. (Group E Occupancies)
a. Group E occupancies.
(1) General. Every person and public officer managing, controlling or in charge of any public, private or parochial school shall cause the fire alarm signal to be sounded upon the discovery of fire. Every person and public officer managing, controlling or in charge of any public, private or parochial school, other than a two-year community college, shall cause the fire alarm signal to be sounded not less than once every calendar month at the elementary and intermediate levels, and not less than twice yearly at the secondary level, in the manner prescribed in California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2, Section 907.
A fire drill shall be held at the secondary level not less than twice every school year.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.13(c)(2) and (3)] Fire Drills. (Organized Camps)
(c) Organized camps.
(2) Within 24 hours after arrival, every group of persons attending an organized camp shall be made familiar with the method by which the fire alarm may be activated and with the procedures to be followed upon notification of fire.
(3) At least one fire drill shall be held within 24 hours of the commencement of each camping session. Additional drills shall be conducted at least once each week thereafter. When sessions exceed a 7-day period, at least one drill shall be held during nighttime sleeping hours.
405.3 Leadership. Responsibility for the planning and conduct of drills shall be assigned to competent persons designated to exercise leadership.
405.4 Time. Drills shall be held at unexpected times and under varying conditions to simulate the unusual conditions that occur in case of fire.
65405.5 Record keeping. Records shall be maintained of required emergency evacuation drills and include the following information:
GROUP OR OCCUPANCY | FREQUENCY | PARTICIPATION |
---|---|---|
a. The frequency shall be allowed to be modified in accordance with Section 408.3.2 | ||
b. Fire and evacuation drills in residential care assisted facilities shall include complete evacuation of the premises in accordance with Section 408.10.5. Where occupants receive habilitation or rehabilitation training, fire prevention and fire safety practices shall be included as part of the training program. | ||
c. Group B buildings having an occupant load of 500 or more persons or more than 100 persons above or below the lowest level of exit discharge. | ||
d. Applicable to Group R-2 College and university buildings in accordance with Section 408.3. | ||
Group A | Quarterly | Employees |
Group Bc | Annually | Employees |
Group E | Monthlya | All occupants |
Group F | Annually | Employees |
Group I | Quarterly on each shift | Employeesb |
Group R-1 | Quarterly on each shift | Employees |
Group R-2d | Four annually | All occupants |
Group R-4 | Quarterly on each shift | Employeesb |
High-rise buildings | Annually | Employees |
405.6 Notification. Where required by the fire code official, prior notification of emergency evacuation drills shall be given to the fire code official.
405.7 Initiation. Where a fire alarm system is provided, emergency evacuation drillss shall be initiated by activating the fire alarm system.
405.8 Accountability. As building occupants arrive at the assembly point, efforts shall be made to determine if all occupants have been successfully evacuated or have been accounted for.
405.9 Recall and reentry. An electrically or mechanically operated signal used to recall occupants after an evacuation shall be separate and distinct from the signal used to initiate the evacuation. The recall signal initiation means shall be manually operated and under the control of the person in charge of the premises or the official in charge of the incident. No, one shall reenter the premises until authorized to do so by the official in charge.
406.1 General. Employees in the occupancies listed in Section 404.2 shall be trained in the fire emergency procedures described in their fire evacuation and fire safety plans. Training shall be based on these plans and as described in Section 404.3.
406.2 Frequency. Employees shall receive training in the contents of fire safety and evacuation plans and their duties as part of new employee orientation and at least annually thereafter. Records shall be kept and made available to the fire code official upon request.
406.3 Employee training program. Employees shall be trained in fire prevention, evacuation and fire safety in accordance with Sections 406.3.1 through 406.3.4.
406.3.1 Fire prevention training. Employees shall be apprised of the fire hazards of the materials and processes to which they are exposed. Each employee shall be instructed in the proper procedures for preventing fires in the conduct of their assigned duties.
406.3.2 Evacuation training. Employees shall be familiarized with the fire alarm and evacuation signals, their assigned duties in the event of an alarm or emergency, evacuation routes, areas of refuge, exterior assembly areas and procedures for evacuation.
406.3.3 Emergency lockdown training. Where a facility has a lockdown plan, employees shall be trained on their assigned duties and procedures in the event of an emergency lockdown.
406.3.4 Fire safety training. Employees assigned fire-fighting duties shall be trained to know the locations and proper use of portable fire extinguishers or other manual fire fighting equipment and the protective clothing or equipment required for its safe and proper use.
407.1 General. The provisions of Sections 407.2 through 407.1 shall be applicable where hazardous materials subject to permits under Section 2701.5 are located on the premises or where required by the fire code official.
407.2 Material Safety Data Sheets. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all hazardous materials shall be either readily available on the premises as a paper copy, or where approved, shall be permitted to be readily retrievable by electronic access.
407.3 Identification. Individual containers of hazardous materials, cartons or packages shall be marked or labeled in accordance with applicable federal regulations. Buildings, rooms and spaces containing hazardous materials shall be identified by hazard warning signs in accordance with Section 2703.5.
407.4 Training. Persons responsible for the operations of areas in which hazardous materials are stored, dispensed, handled or used shall be familiar with the chemical nature of the materials
66and the appropriate mitigating actions necessary in the event of a fire, leak or spill. Responsible persons shall be designated and trained to be liaison personnel for the fire department. These persons shall and the fire department in preplanning emergency responses and identification of the locations where hazardous materials are located, and shall have access to Material Safety Date Sheets and the knowledge in the site emergenc response procedures.
407.5 Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement. Where required by the fire code official, each application for a permit shall include a hazardous Materials Inventory Statement (HMIS) in accordance with Section 270.5.2.
407.6 Hazardous Materials Management Plan. Where required by the fire code official, each application for a permit shall include a Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMP) in accordance with Section 2701.5.1 The fire code officialis authorized to accept a similar plan required by other regulations.
407.7 Facility Closure Plans. The permit holder or applicant shall submit to the fire code officiala facility closure plan in accordance with Section 2701.6.3 to terminate storage, dispensing, handling or use of hazardous materials.
408.1 General. In addition to the other requirements of this chapter, the provisions of this section are applicable to specific occupancies listed herein.
408.2 Group A occupancies. Group A occupancies shall comply with the requirements of Sections 408.2.1 and 408.2.2 and Sections 401 through 406.
408.2.1 Seating plan. The fire safety and evacuation plans for assembly occupancies shall includes the information. required by Section 404.3 and a detailed seating plan, occupant loadand occupant loadlimit. Deviations from the approvedplans shall be allowed provided the occupant loadlimit for the occupancy is not exceeded and the aisles and exit accessways remain unobstructed.
408.2.2 Announcements. In theaters, motion picture theaters, auditoriums and similar assembly occupancies in Group A used for noncontinuous programs, an audible announcement shall be made not more than 10 minutes prior to the start of each program to notify the occupants of the location of the exists to be used in the event of a fire or other emergency.
Exception: In motion picture theaters, the announcement is allowed to be projected upon the screen in a maner approvedby the fire code official.
408.3 Group E occupancies and Group R-2 college and university buildings. Group E occupancies shall comply with the requirements of Sections 408.3.1 through 408.3.4 and Sections 403 through 406. Group R-2 college and university buildings shall comply with the requirements of Sections 408.3.1 and 408.3.3 and Sections 401 through 406.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, 3.13(a)(1)] Fire Drills. (Group E Occupancies)
A fire drill shall be held at the secondary level not less than twice every school year.
408.3.1 First emergency evacuation drill. The first emergency evacuation drill of each school year shall be conducted within 10 days of the beginning of classes.
408.3.2 Emergency evacuation drill deferral. In severe climates, the fire code official shall have the authority to modify the emergency evacuation drill frequency specified in Section 405.2.
408.3.3 Time of day. Emergency evacuation drills shall be conducted at different hours of the day or evening, during the changing of classes, when the school is at assembly, during the recess or gymnastic periods, or during others times to avoid distinction between drills and actual fires. In Group R-2 college and university buildings, one required drill shall be held during hours after sunset or before sunrise.
408.3.4 Assembly points. Outdoor assembly areas shall be designated and shall be located a safe distance from the building being evacuated so as to avoid interference with fire department operations. The assembly areas shall be arranged to keep each class separate to provide accountability of all individuals.
408.4 Group H-5 occupancies. Group H-5 occupancies shall comply with the requirements of Sections 408.4.1 through 408.4.4 and Sections 401 through 407.
408.4.1 Plans and diagrams. In addition to the requirements of Section 404 and Section 407.6, plans and diagrams shall be maintained in approved locations indicating the approximate plan for each area, the amount and type of HPM stored, handled and used, locations of shutoff valves for HPM supply piping, emergency telephone locations and locations of exits.
408.4.2 Plan updating. The plans and diagrams required by Section 408.4.1 shall be maintained up to date and the fire code official and fire department shall be informed of all major changes.
408.4.3 Emergency response team. Responsible personsshall be designated the on-site emergency response team and trained to be liaison personnel for the fire department.
67These persons shall aid the fire department in preplanning emergency responses, identifying locations where HPM is stored, handled and used, and be familiar with the chemical nature of such material. An adequate number of personnel for each work shift shall be designated.
408.4.4 Emergency drills. Emergency drills of the on-site emergency response team shall be conducted on a regular basis but not less than once every three months. Records of drills conducted shall be maintained.
408.5 Group I-1 occupancies. Group 101 occupancies shall comply with the requirements of Sections 408.5.1 through 408.5.5 and Sections 401 through 406.
408.5.1 Fire safety and evacuation plan. The fire safety and evacuation plan required by Sections 404 shall include special staff actions including fire protection procedures necessary for residents and shall be amended or revised upon admission of any resident with unusual needs.
408.5.2 Staff training. Employees shall be periodically instructed and kept informed of their duties and responsibilities under the plan. Such instruction shall be reviewed by the staff at least every two months. A copy of the plan shall be readily available at all times within the facility.
408.5.3 Resident training. Residents capable of assisting in their own evacuation shall be trained in the proper actions to take in the event of a fire. The training shall include actions to take if the primary escape route is blocked. Where the resident is given rehabilitation or habilitation training, training in fire prevention and actions to take in the event of a fire shall be a part of the rehabilitation training program. Residents shall be trained to assist each other in case of fire to the extent their physical and mental abilities permit them to do so without additional personal risk.
408.5.4 Drill frequency. Emergency evacuation drills shall be conducted at least six times per year, two times per year on each shift. Twelve drills shall be conducted in the first year of operation. Drills are not required to comply with the time requirements of Section 405.4
408.5.5 Resident participation. Emergency evacuation drills shall involve the actual evacuation of residents to a selected assembly point.
408.6 Group I-2 occupancies. Group I-2 occupancies shall comply with the requirements of Sections 408.6.1 and 408.6.2 and Sections 401 through 406. Drills are not required to comply with the time requirements of Section 405.4.
408.6.1 Evacuation not required. During emergency evacuation drills, the movement of patients to safe areas or to the exterior of the building is not required.
408.6.2 Coded alarm signal. When emergency evacuation drills are conducted after visiting hours or which patients or residents are expected to be asleep, a coded announcement is allowed instead of audible alarms.
408.7 Group 1-3 occupancies. Group 1-3 occupancies shall comply with the requirements of Sections 408.7.1 through 408.7.4 and Sections 401 through 406.
408.7.1 Employee training. Employees shall be instructed in the proper use of portable fire extinguishers and other manual fire suppression equipment. Training of new staff shall be provided promptly upon entrance on duty. Refresher training shall be provided at least annually.
408.7.2 Staffing. Group 1-3 occupancies shall be provided with 24-hout staffing. Staff shall be within three floors or 300 feet (91 440 mm) horizontal distance of the access door of each resident housing area. In Use Conditions 3, 4 and 5, as defined in Chapter 2, the arrangement shall be such that the staff involved can start release of locks necessary for emergency evacuation or rescue and initiate other necessary emergency actions within 2 minutes of an alarm.
Exception: Staff shall not be required to be within three floors or 300 feet (9144 mm) in areas in which all locks are unlocked remotely and automatically in accordance with Section 408.4 of the International Building Code.
408.7.3 Notification. Provisions shall be made for residents in Use Conditions 3, 4 and 5, as defined in Chapter 2, to readily notify staff of an emergency.
408.7.4 Keys. Keys necessary for unlocking doors installed in a means of egress shall be individually identifiable by both touch and sight.
408.8 Group R-1 occupancies. Group R-1 occupancies shall comply with the requirements of Sections 408.8.1 through 408.8.3 and Sections 401 through 406.
408.8.1 Evacuation diagrams. A diagram depicting two evacuation routes shall be posted on or immediately adjacent to every required egress door from each hotel, motel or dormitory sleeping unit.
408.8.2 Emergency duties. Upon discovery of a fire or suspected fire, hotel, motel and dormitory employees shall perform the following duties:
408.8.3 Fire safety and evacuation instructions. Information shall be provided in the fire safety and evacuation plan required by Section 404 to allow guests to decide whether to evacuate to the outside, evacuate to an area of refuge, remain in place, or any combination of the three.
408.9 Group R-2 occupancies. Group R-2 occupancies shall comply with the requirements of Sections 408.9.1 through 408.9.3 and Sections 401 through 406.
408.9.1 Emergency guide. A fire emergency guide shall be provided which describes the location, function and use of fire protection equipment and appliances to accessible to residents, including fire alarm systems, smoke, alarms, and portable fire extinguishers. The guide shall also include an emergency evacuation plan for each dwelling unit.
408.9.2 Maintenance. Emergency guides shall be reviewed and approved in accordance with Section 401.2.
408.9.3 Distribution. A copy of the emergency guide shall be given to each tenant prior to initial occupancy.
408.10 Group R-4 occupancies. Group R-4 occupancies shall comply with the requirements of Sections 408.10.1 through 408.10.5 and Sections 401 through 406.
408.10.1 Fire safety and evacuation plan. The fire safety and evacuation plan required by Section 404 shall include special staff actions, including fire protection procedures necessary for residents, and shall be amended or revised upon admission of a resident with unusual needs.
408.10.2 Staff training. Employees shall be periodically instructed and kept informed of their duties and responsibilities under the plan. Such instruction shall be reviewed by the staff at least every two months. A copy of the plan shall be readily available at all times within the facility.
408.10.3 Resident training. Residents capable of assisting in their own evacuation shall be trained in the proper actions to take in the event of a fire. The training shall include actions to take if the primary escape route is blocked. Were the resident is given rehabilitation or habilitation training, training in fire prevention and actions to take in the event of a fire shall be a part of the rehabilitation training program. Residents shall be trained to assist each other in case of fire to the extent their physical and mental abilities permit them to do so without additional personal risk.
408.10.4 Drill frequency. Emergency evacuation drills shall be conducted at least six times per year, two times per year on each shift. Twelve drills shall be conducted in the first year of operation. Drills are not required to comply with the time requirements of Section 405.4.
408.10.5 Resident participation. Emergency evacuation drills shall involve the actual evacuation of residents to a selected assembly point and shall provide residents with experience in exiting through all required exits. All required exits shall be used during emergency evacuation drills.
Exception: Actual exiting from windows shall not be required. Opening the window and signaling for help shall be an acceptable alternative.
408.11 Covered mall buildings. Covered mall buildings shall comply with the provisions of Sections 408.11.1 through 408.11.3.
408.11.1 Lease plan. A lease plan shall be prepared for each covered mall building. The plan shall include the following information in addition to that required by Section 404.3.2:
408.11.1.1 Approval. The lease plan shall be submitted to the fire code official for approval, and shall be maintained on site for immediate reference by responding fire service personnel.
408.11.1.2 Revisions. The lease plans shall be revised annually or as often as necessary to keep them current. Modifications or changes in tenants or occupancies shall not be made without prior approval of the fire code official and building official.
408.11.2 Tenant identification. Each occupied tenant space provided with a secondary exit to the exterior or exit corridor shall be provided with tenant identification by business name and/or address. Letters and number shall be posted on the corridorside of the door, be plainly legible and shall contrast with their background.
Exception: Tenant identification is not required for anchor stores.
408.11.3 Maintenance. Unoccupied tenant spaces shall be:
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | SS/CC | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire CA chapter | ||||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | ||||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | ||||||||||||||||||||
503.5.2 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
507.3 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
507.5 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
507.5.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
507.5.3 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
508.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
508.1.2 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
508.1.5 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
508.2.1 | X |
501.1 Scope. Fire service features for buildings, structures and premises shall comply with this chapter.
501.2 Permits. A permit shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.6 and 105.7.
501.3 Construction documents. Construction documents for proposed fire apparatus access, location of fire lanes, security gates across fire apparatus access and construction documents and hydraulic calculations for fire hydrant systems shall be submitted to the fire department for review and approval prior to construction.
501.4 Timing of installation. When fire apparatus access roads or a water supply for fire protection is required to be installed, such protection shall be installed and made serviceable prior to and during the time of construction except when approved alternative methods of protection are provided. Temporary street signs shall be installed at each street intersection when construction of new roadways allows passage by vehicles in accordance with Section 505.2.
502.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD. A road that provides fire apparatus access from a fire station to a facility, building or portion thereof. This is a general term inclusive of all other terms such as fire lane, public street, private street, parking lot lane and access roadway.
FIRE COMMAND CENTER. The principal attended or unattended location where the status of the detection, alarm communications and control systems is displayed, and from which the system(s) can be manually controlled.
FIRE DEPARTMENT MASTER KEY.A limited issue key of special or controlled design to be carried by fire department officials in command which will open key boxes on specified properties.
FIRE LANE. A road or other passageway developed to allow the passage of fire apparatus. A fire lane is not necessarily intended for vehicular traffic other than fire apparatus.
KEY BOX. A secure device with a lock operable only by a fire department master key, and containing building entry keys and other keys that may be required for access in an emergency.
503.1 Where required. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Sections 503.1.1 through 503.1.3.
503.1.1 Buildings and facilities. Approved fire apparatus access roads shall be provided for every facility, building or portion of a building hereafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction. The fire apparatus access road shall comply with the requirements of this section and shall extend to within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of all portions of the facility and all portions of the exterior walls of the first story of the building as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the building or facility.
Exception: The fire code official is authorized to increase the dimension of 150 feet (45 720 mm) where:
503.1.2 Additional access. The fire code official is authorized to require more than one fire apparatus access road based on the potential for impairment of a single road by vehicle congestion, condition of terrain, climatic conditions or other factors that could limit access.
503.1.3 High-piled storage. Fire department vehicle access to buildings used for high-piled combustible storage shall comply with the applicable provisions of Chapter 23.
503.2 Specifications. Fire apparatus access roads shall be installed and arranged in accordance with Sections 503.2.1 through 503.2.8.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.05(a)] Fire Department Access and Egress. (Roads)
Exception: The enforcing agency may waive or modify this requirement if in his opinion such all-weather hard-surfaced condition is not necessary in the interest of public safety and welfare.
503.2.1 Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed width of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm), exclusive of shoulders, except for approved security gates in accordance with Section 503.6, and an unobstructed vertical clearance of not less than 13 feet 6 inches (4115 mm).
503.2.2 Authority. The fire code official shall have the authority to require an increase in the minimum access widths where they are inadequate for fire or rescue operations.
503.2.3 Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed and maintained to support the imposed loads of fire apparatus and shall be surfaced so as to provide all weather driving capabilities.
503.2.4 Turning radius. The required turning radius of a fire apparatus access road shall be determined by the fire code official.
503.2.5 Dead ends. Dead-end fire apparatus access roads in excess of 150 feet (45 720 mm) in length shall be provided with an approved area for turning around fire apparatus.
503.2.6 Bridges and elevated surfaces. Where a bridge or an elevated surface is part of a fire apparatus access road, the bridge shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with AASHTO HB-17. Bridges and elevated surfaces shall be designed for a live load sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges when required by the fire code official. Where elevated surfaces designed for emergency vehicle use are adjacent to surfaces which are not designed for such use, approved barriers, approved signs or both shall be installed and maintained when required by the fire code official.
503.2.7 Grade. The grade of the fire apparatus access road shall be within the limits established by the fire code official based on the fire department’s apparatus.
503.3 Marking. Where required by the fire code official, approved signs or other approved notices or markings that include the words NO PARKING—FIRE LANE shall be provided for fire apparatus access roads to identify such roads or prohibit the obstruction thereof. The means by which fire lanes are designated shall be maintained in a clean and legible condition at all times and be replaced or repaired when necessary to provide adequate visibility.
503.4 Obstruction of fire apparatus access roads. Fire apparatus access roads shall not be obstructed in any manner, including the parking of vehicles. The minimum widths and clearances established in Section 503.2.1 shall be maintained at all times.
503.5 Required gates or barricades. The fire code official is authorized to require the installation and maintenance of gates or other approved barricades across fire apparatus access roads, trails or other accessways, not including public streets, alleys or highways. Electric gate operators, where provided, shall be listed in accordance with UL 325. Gates intended for automatic operation shall be designed, constructed and installed to comply with the requirements of ASTM F 2200.
503.5.1 Secured gates and barricades. When required, gates and barricades shall be secured in an approved manner. Roads, trails and other accessways that have been closed and obstructed in the manner prescribed by Section 503.5 shall not be trespassed on or used unless authorized by the owner and the fire code official.
Exception: The restriction on use shall not apply to public officers acting within the scope of duty.
503.5.2 Fences and gates. School grounds may be fenced and gates therein may be equipped with locks, provided that safe dispersal areas based on 3 square feet (0.28 m2) per occupant are located between the school and the fence. Such required safe dispersal areas shall not be located less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from school buildings.
Every public and private school shall conform with Section 32020 of the Education Code, which states:
The governing board of every public school district, and the governing authority of every private school, which maintains any building used for the instruction or housing of school pupils on land entirely enclosed (except for building walls) by fences of walls, shall, through cooperation with the local law enforcement and fire-protection agencies having jurisdiction of the area, make provision for the erection of gates in such fences or walls. The gates shall be of sufficient size to permit the entrance of the ambulances, police equipment and fire-fighting apparatus used by the law enforcement and fire-protection agencies. There shall be no less than one such access gate and there shall be as many such gates as needed to assure access to all major buildings and ground areas. If such gates are to be equipped with locks, the locking devices shall be designed to permit ready entrance by the use of the chain or bolt-cutting devices with which the local law enforcement and fire-protection agencies may be equipped.
503.6 Security gates. The installation of security gates across a fire apparatus access road shall be approved by the fire chief. Where security gates are installed, they shall have an approved means of emergency operation. The security gates and the emergency operation shall be maintained operational at all times. Electric gate operators, where provided, shall be listed in accordance with UL 325. Gates intended for automatic operation shall be designed, constructed and installed to comply with the requirements of ASTM F 2200.
504.1 Required access. Exterior doors and openings required by this code or the International Building Code shall be maintained readily accessible for emergency access by the fire
74department. An approved access walkway leading from fire apparatus access roads to exterior openings shall be provided when required by the fire code official.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.05(b)] Fire Department Access and Egress. (Roofs)
(b) Roofs. No person shall install or maintain any security barrier such as barbed wire fencing, razor wire fencing, chain link fencing or any other fencing material, cable, aerial, antenna or other obstruction on the roof of any commercial establishment in such a manner as to obstruct or render egress or access hazardous in the event of fire or other emergency.
Exception: Guy wire, rods and aerial antenna masts may be attached to a roof structure having a slope of less than 30 degrees provided there is full clearance of seven feet or more between the roof and said obstruction. Guy wire or rods required to support aerial or antenna masts may be attached to a roof structure a lateral distance from the mast not in excess of one-sixth the height of the mast.
504.2 Maintenance of exterior doors and openings. Exterior doors and their function shall not be eliminated without prior approval. Exterior doors that have been rendered nonfunctional and that retain a functional door exterior appearance shall have a sign affixed to the exterior side of the door with the words THIS DOOR BLOCKED. The sign shall consist of letters having a principal stroke of not less than ¾ inch (19.1 mm) wide and at least 6 inches (152 mm) high on a contrasting background. Required fire department access doors shall not be obstructed or eliminated. Exit and exit access doors shall comply with Chapter 10. Access doors for high-piled combustible storage shall comply with Section 2306.6.1.
504.3 Stairway access to roof. New buildings four or more stories above grade plane, except those with a roof slope greater than four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33.3-percent slope), shall be provided with a stairway to the roof. Stairway access to the roof shall be in accordance with Section 1009.12. Such stairway shall be marked at street and floor levels with a sign indicating that the stairway continues to the roof. Where roofs are used for roof gardens or for other purposes, stairways shall be provided as required for such occupancy classification.
505.1 Address identification. New and existing buildings shall have approved address numbers, building numbers or approved building identification placed in a position that is plainly legible and visible from the street or road fronting the property. These numbers shall contrast with their background. Address numbers shall be Arabic numbers or alphabetical letters. Numbers shall be a minimum of 4 inches (101.6 mm) high with a minimum stroke width of 0.5 inch (12.7 mm). Where access is by means of a private road and the building cannot be viewed from the public way, a monument, pole or other sign or means shall be used to identify the structure.
505.2 Street or road signs. Streets and roads shall be identified with approved signs. Temporary signs shall be installed at each street intersection when construction of new roadways allows passage by vehicles. Signs shall be of an approved size, weather resistant and be maintained until replaced by permanent signs.
506.1 Where required. Where access to or within a structure or an area is restricted because of secured openings or where immediate access is necessary for life-saving or fire-fighting purposes, the fire code official is authorized to require a key box to be installed in an approved location. The key box shall be of an approved type and shall contain keys to gain necessary access as required by the fire code official.
506.1.1 Locks. An approved lock shall be installed on gates or similar barriers when required by the fire code official.
506.2 Key box maintenance. The operator of the building shall immediately notify the fire code official and provide the new key when a lock is changed or rekeyed. The key to such lock shall be secured in the key box.
507.1 Required water supply. An approved water supply capable of supplying the required fire flow for fire protection shall be provided to premises upon which facilities, buildings or portions of buildings are hereafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction.
507.2 Type of water supply. A water supply shall consist of reservoirs, pressure tanks, elevated tanks, water mains or other fixed systems capable of providing the required fire flow.
507.2.1 Private fire service mains. Private fire service mains and appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 24 as amended in Chapter 47.
507.2.2 Water tanks. Water tanks for private fire protection shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 22.
507.3 Fire flow. Fire flow requirements for buildings or portions of buildings and facilities shall be determined by an approved method or Appendix B.
507.4 Water supply test. The fire code official shall be notified prior to the water supply test. Water supply tests shall be witnessed by the fire code official or approved documentation of the test shall be provided to the fire code official prior to final approval of the water supply system.
507.5 Fire hydrant systems. Fire hydrant systems shall comply with Sections 507.5.1 through 507.5.6 and Appendix C or by an approved method.
507.5.1 Where required. Where a portion of the facility or building hereafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction is more than 400 feet (122 m) from a hydrant on
75a fire apparatus access road, as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the facility or building, on-site fire hydrants and mains shall be provided where required by the fire code official.
Exception: For Group R-3 and Group U occupancies, equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3, the distance requirement shall be not more than 600 feet (183 m).
507.5.2 Inspection, testing and maintenance. Fire hydrant systems shall be subject to periodic tests as required by the fire code official. Fire hydrant systems shall be maintained in an operative condition at all times and shall be repaired where defective. Additions, repairs, alterations and servicing shall comply with approved standards.
507.5.3 Private fire service mains and water tanks. Private fire service mains and water tanks shall be periodically inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5.
507.5.4 Obstruction. Unobstructed access to fire hydrants shall be maintained at all times. The fire department shall not be deterred or hindered from gaining immediate access to fire protection equipment or fire hydrants.
507.5.5 Clear space around hydrants. A 3-foot (914 mm) clear space shall be maintained around the circumference of fire hydrants except as otherwise required or approved.
507.5.6 Physical protection. Where fire hydrants are subject to impact by a motor vehicle, guard posts or other approved means shall comply with Section 312.
508.1 General. Where required by other sections of this code and in all buildings classified as high-rise buildings by the California Building Code and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, a fire command center for fire department operations shall be provided and shall comply with Sections 508.1.1 through 508.1.5.
508.1.1 Location and access. The location and accessibility of the fire command center shall be approved by the fire chief.
508.1.2 Separation. The fire command center shall be separated from the remainder of the building by not less than a 1 hour fire barrier constructed in accordance with Section 707 of the California Building Code or horizontal assembly constructed in accordance with Section 712 of the California Building Code, or both.
508.1.3 Size. The fire command center shall be a minimum of 200 square feet (19 m2) in area with a minimum dimension of 10 feet (3048 mm).
508.1.4 Layout approval. A layout of the fire command center and all features required by this section to be contained therein shall be submitted for approval prior to installation.
508.1.5 Required features. The fire command center shall comply with NFPA 72 and shall contain the following features:
Fire Command Centers shall not be used for the housing of any boiler, heating unit, generator, combustible storage, or similar hazardous equipment or storage.
509.1 Identification. Fire protection equipment shall be identified in a approved manner. Rooms containing controls for air-conditioning systems, sprinkler risers and valves, or other fire detection, suppression or control elements shall be identified for the use of the fire department. Approved signs required to identify fire protection equipment and equipment location
76shall be constructed of durable materials, permanently installed and readily visible.
509.2 Equipment access. Approved access shall be provided and maintained for all fire protection equipment to permit immediate safe operation and maintenance of such equipment. Storage, trash and other materials or objects shall not be placed or kept in such a manner that would prevent such equipment from being readily accessible.
510.1 Emergency responder radio coverage in buildings. All buildings shall have approved radio coverage for emergency responders within the building based upon the existing coverage levels of the public safety communication systems of the jurisdiction at the exterior of the building. This section shall not require improvement of the existing public safety communication systems.
Exceptions:
510.2 Radio signal strength. The building shall be considered to have acceptable emergency responder radio coverage when signal strength measurements in 95 percent of all areas on each floor of the building meet the signal strength requirements of Sections 510.2.1 and 510.2.2.
510.2.1 Minimum signal strength into the building. A minimum signal strength of -95 dBm shall be receivable within the building.
510.2.2 Minimum signal strength out of the building. A minimum signal strength of-100 dBm shall be received by the agency's radio system when transmitted from within the building.
510.3 Emergency responder radio coverage in existing buildings. Existing buildings that do not have approved radio coverage for emergency responders within the building shall be equipped with such coverage according to one of the following:
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | SS/CC | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire CA chapter | ||||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) |
X | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below |
||||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | ||||||||||||||||||||
604.2.14 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
604.2.14.1.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
604.2.14.1.3 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
604.2.14.3 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
603.4 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
607.5–607.5.5 | X |
601.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to the installation, operation and maintenance of fuel-fired appliances and heating systems, emergency and standby power systems, electrical systems and equipment, mechanical refrigeration systems, elevator recall, stationary storage battery systems and commercial kitchen hoods.
601.2 Permits. Permits shall be obtained for refrigeration systems and battery systems as set forth in Sections 105.6 and 105.7.
602.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY LEAD-ACID. A system which consists of three interconnected subsystems:
BATTERY TYPES
Lithium-ion battery. A storage battery that consists of lithium ions embedded in a carbon graphite or nickel metaloxide substrate. The electrolyte is a carbonate mixture or a gelled polymer. The lithium ions are the charge carriers of the battery.
Lithium metal polymer battery. A storage battery that is comprised of nonaqueous liquid or polymerized electrolytes, which provide ionic conductivity between lithiated positive active material electrically separated from metallic lithium or lithiated negative active material.
Nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery. An alkaline storage battery in which the positive active material is nickel oxide, the negative contains cadmium and the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide.
Nonrecombinant battery. A storage battery in which, under conditions of normal use, hydrogen and oxygen gasses created by electrolysis are vented into the air outside of the battery.
Recombinant battery. A storage battery in which, under conditions of normal use, hydrogen and oxygen gases created by electrolysis are converted back into water inside the battery instead of venting into the air outside of the battery.
Stationary storage battery. A group of electrochemical cells interconnected to supply a nominal voltage of DC power to a suitably connected electrical load, designed for service in a permanent location. The number of cells connected in a series determines the nominal voltage rating of the battery. The size of the cells determines the discharge capacity of the entire battery. After discharge, it may be restored to a fully charged condition by an electric current flowing in a direction opposite to the flow of current when the battery is discharged.
Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery. A lead-acid battery consisting of sealed cells furnished with a valve that opens to vent the battery whenever the internal pressure of the battery exceeds the ambient pressure by a set amount. In VRLA batteries, the liquid electrolyte in the cells is immobilized in an absorptive glass mat (AGM cells or batteries) or by the addition of a gelling agent (gel cells or gelled batteries).
Vented (Flooded) lead-acid battery. A lead-acid battery consisting of cells that have electrodes immersed in liquid electrolyte. Flooded lead-acid batteries have a provision for the user to add water to the cell and are equipped with a flame-arresting vent which permits the escape of hydrogen and oxygen gas from the cell in a diffused manner such that a spark, or other ignition source, outside the cell will not ignite the gases inside the cell.
[M]COMMERCIAL COOKING APPLIANCES. Appliances used in a commercial food service establishment for heating or cooking food and which produce grease vapors, steam, fumes, smoke or odors that are required to be removed through a local exhaust ventilation system. Such appliances include deep fat fryers; upright broilers; griddles; broilers; steam-jacketed kettles; hot-top ranges; under-fired broilers (charbroilers); ovens; barbecues; rotisseries; and similar appliances. For the purpose of this definition, a food service establishment shall include any building or a portion thereof used for the preparation and serving of food.
[M]HOOD. An air-intake device used to capture by entrapment, impingement, adhesion or similar means, grease and similar contaminants before they enter a duct system.
Type I. A kitchen hood for collecting and removing grease vapors and smoke.
REFRIGERANT. The fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigerating system; the refrigerant absorbs heat and transfers it at a higher temperature and a higher pressure, usually with a change of state.
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM. A combination of interconnected refrigerant-containing parts constituting one closed refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant is circulated for the purpose of extracting heat.
81603.1 Installation. The installation of nonportable fuel gas appliances and systems shall comply the California Mechanical Code. The installation of all other fuel-fired appliances, other than internal combustion engines, oil lamps and portable devices such as blow torches, melting pots and weed burners, shall comply with this section and the California Mechanical Code.
603.1.1 Manufacturer’s instructions. The installation shall be made in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and applicable federal, state and local rules and regulations. Where it becomes necessary to change, modify or alter a manufacturer’s instructions in any way, written approval shall first be obtained from the manufacturer.
603.1.2 Approval. The design, construction and installation of fuel-fired appliances shall be in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
603.1.3 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment used in connection with oil-burning equipment shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Section 605 and NFPA 70.
603.1.4 Fuel oil. The grade of fuel oil used in a burner shall be that for which the burner is approved and as stipulated by the burner manufacturer. Oil containing gasoline shall not be used. Waste crankcase oil shall be an acceptable fuel in Group F, M and S occupancies, when utilized in equipment listed for use with waste oil and when such equipment is installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and the terms of its listing.
603.1.5 Access. The installation shall be readily accessible for cleaning hot surfaces; removing burners; replacing motors, controls, air filters, chimney connectors, draft regulators and other working parts; and for adjusting, cleaning and lubricating parts.
603.1.6 Testing, diagrams and instructions. After installation of the oil-burning equipment, operation and combustion performance tests shall be conducted to determine that the burner is in proper operating condition and that all accessory equipment, controls, and safety devices function properly.
603.1.6.1 Diagrams. Contractors installing industrial oil-burning systems shall furnish not less than two copies of diagrams showing the main oil lines and controlling valves, one copy of which shall be posted at the oil-burning equipment and another at an approved location that will be accessible in case of emergency.
603.1.6.2 Instructions. After completing the installation, the installer shall instruct the owner or operator in the proper operation of the equipment. The installer shall also furnish the owner or operator with the name and telephone number of persons to contact for technical information or assistance and routine or emergency services.
603.1.7 Clearances. Working clearances between oil-fired appliances and electrical panelboards and equipment shall be in accordance with NFPA 70. Clearances between oil-fired equipment and oil supply tanks shall be in accordance with NFPA 31.
[B, M, FG] 603.2 Chimneys. Masonry chimneys shall be constructed in accordance with the California Building Code. Factory-built chimneys shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code. Metal chimneys shall be constructed and installed in accordance with NFPA 211.
603.3 Fuel oil storage systems. Fuel oil storage systems shall be installed in accordance with this code. Fuel oil piping systems shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
603.3.1 Fuel oil storage in outside, above-ground tanks. Where connected to a fuel-oil piping system, the maximum amount of fuel oil storage allowed outside above ground without additional protection shall be 660 gallons (2498 L). The storage of fuel oil above ground in quantities exceeding 660 gallons (2498 L) shall comply with NFPA 31.
603.3.2 Fuel oil storage inside buildings. Fuel oil storage inside buildings shall comply with Sections 603.3.2.1 through 603.3.2.5 or Chapter 34.
603.3.2.1 Quantity limits. One or more fuel oil storage tanks containing Class II or III combustible liquid shall be permitted in a building. The aggregate capacity of all such tanks shall not exceed 660 gallons (2498 L).
Exception: The aggregate capacity limit shall be permitted to be increased to 3,000 gallons (11 356 L) of Class II or III liquid for storage in protected aboveground tanks complying with Section 3404.2.9.6, when all of the following conditions are met:
603.3.2.2 Restricted use and connection. Tanks installed in accordance with Section 603.3.2 shall be used only to supply fuel oil to fuel-burning or generator equipment installed in accordance with Section 603.3.2.4. Connections between tanks and equipment supplied by such tanks shall be made using closed piping systems.
603.3.2.3 Applicability of maximum allowable quantity and control area requirements. The quantity of combustible liquid stored in tanks complying with Section 603.3.2 shall not be counted towards the maximum allowable quantity set forth in Table 2703.1.1(1), and such tanks shall not be required to be located in a control area.
603.3.2.4 Installation. Tanks and piping systems shall be installed and separated from other uses in accordance
82with Section 915 and Chapter 13 both of the California Mechanical Code, as applicable.
Exception: Protected above-ground tanks complying with Section 3404.2.9.6 shall not be required to be separated from surrounding areas.
603.3.2.5 Tanks in basements. Tanks in basements shall be located not more than two stories below grade plane.
603.3.3 Underground storage of fuel oil. The storage of fuel oil in underground storage tanks shall comply with NFPA 31.
603.4 Portable unvented heaters. Portable unvented fuelfired heating equipment shall be prohibited in occupancies in Groups A, E, I, R-1, R-2, R-2.1, R-3, R-3.1 and R-4.
Exception: Portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances shall be allowed in accordance with Section 603.4.2.
603.4.1 Prohibited locations. Unvented fuel-fired heating equipment shall not be located in, or obtain combustion air from, any of the following rooms or spaces: sleeping rooms, bathrooms, toilet rooms or storage closets.
603.4.2 Portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances. Portable gas-fired heating appliances located outdoors shall be in accordance with Sections 603.4.2.1 through 603.4.2.3.4.
603.4.2.1 Location. Portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances shall be located in accordance with Sections 603.4.2.1.1 through 603.4.2.1.4.
603.4.2.1.1 Prohibited locations. The storage or use of portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances is prohibited in any of the following locations:
Exception: As allowed in Section 6.17 of NFPA 58.
603.4.2.1.2 Clearance to buildings. Portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances shall be located at least 5 feet (1524 mm) from buildings.
603.4.2.1.3 Clearance to combustible materials. Portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances shall not be located beneath, or closer than 5 feet (1524 mm) to combustible decorations and combustible overhangs, awnings, sunshades or similar combustible attachments to buildings.
603.4.2.1.4 Proximity to exits. Portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances shall not be located within 5 feet (1524 mm) of exits or exit discharges.
603.4.2.2 Installation and operation. Portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances shall be installed and operated in accordance with Sections 603.4.2.2.1 through 603.4.2.2.4.
603.4.2.2.1 Listing and approval. Only listed and approved portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances utilizing a fuel gas container that is integral to the appliance shall be used.
603.4.2.2.2 Installation and maintenance. Portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
603.4.2.2.3 Tip-over switch. Portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances shall be equipped with a tilt or tip-over switch that automatically shuts off the flow of gas if the appliance is tilted more than 15 degrees (0.26 rad) from the vertical.
603.4.2.2.4 Guard against contact. The heating element or combustion chamber of portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances shall be permanently guarded so as to prevent accidental contact by persons or material.
603.4.2.3 Gas containers. Fuel gas containers for portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances shall comply with Sections 603.4.2.3.1 through 603.4.2.3.4.
603.4.2.3.1 Approved containers. Only approved DOTn or ASME gas containers shall be used.
603.4.2.3.2 Container replacement. Replacement of fuel gas containers in portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances shall not be conducted while the public is present.
603.4.2.3.3 Container capacity. The maximum individual capacity of gas containers used in connection with portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances shall not exceed 20 pounds (9 kg).
603.4.2.3.4 Indoor storage prohibited. Gas containers shall not be stored inside of buildings except in accordance with Section 3809.9.
603.5 Heating appliances. Heating appliances shall be listed and shall comply with this section.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.17(a) and (b)] Guards for Heating Appliances.
Every heating appliance in any occupancy governed by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 regulations which does not have protective features incorporated in its design, shall be provided with guards that will provide protection against ignition of clothing and other combustible material.
603.5.1 Guard against contact. The heating element or combustion chamber shall be permanently guarded so as to prevent accidental contact by persons or material.
603.5.2 Heating appliance installation and maintenance. Heating appliances shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, the California Building Code, the California Mechanical Code and the California Electrical Code.
603.6 Chimneys and appliances. Chimneys, incinerators, smokestacks or similar devices for conveying smoke or hot gases to the outer air and the stoves, furnaces, fireboxes or boilers to which such devices are connected, shall be maintained so as not to create a fire hazard.
603.6.1 Masonry chimneys. Masonry chimneys that, upon inspection, are found to be without a flue liner and that have open mortar joints which will permit smoke or gases to be discharged into the building, or which are cracked as to be dangerous, shall be repaired or relined with a listed chimney liner system installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions or a flue lining system installed in accordance with the requirements of the California Building Code and appropriate for the intended class of chimney service.
603.6.2 Metal chimneys. Metal chimneys which are corroded or improperly supported shall be repaired or replaced.
603.6.3 Decorative shrouds. Decorative shrouds installed at the termination of factory-built chimneys shall be removed except where such shrouds are listed and labeled for use with the specific factory-built chimney system and are installed in accordance with the chimney manufacturer’s installation instructions.
603.6.4 Factory-built chimneys. Existing factory-built chimneys that are damaged, corroded or improperly supported shall be repaired or replaced.
603.6.5 Connectors. Existing chimney and vent connectors that are damaged, corroded or improperly supported shall be repaired or replaced.
603.7 Discontinuing operation of unsafe heating appliances. The fire code official is authorized to order that measures be taken to prevent the operation of any existing stove, oven, furnace, incinerator, boiler or any other heat-producing device or appliance found to be defective or in violation of code requirements for existing appliances after giving notice to this effect to any person, owner, firm or agent or operator in charge of the same. The fire code official is authorized to take measures to prevent the operation of any device or appliance without notice when inspection shows the existence of an immediate fire hazard or when imperiling human life. The defective device shall remain withdrawn from service until all necessary repairs or alterations have been made.
603.7.1 Unauthorized operation. It shall be a violation of this code for any person, user, firm or agent to continue the utilization of any device or appliance (the operation of which has been discontinued or ordered discontinued in accordance with Section 603.7) unless written authority to resume operation is given by the fire code official. Removing or breaking the means by which operation of the device is prevented shall be a violation of this code.
603.8 Incinerators. Commercial, industrial and residential-type incinerators and chimneys shall be constructed in accordance with the California Building Code, and the California Mechanical Code.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.20] Incinerators.
Unless other approved means are provided for the prompt disposal of rubbish, an approved incinerator shall be provided and maintained for the disposal of combustible waste. Incinerators shall be constructed, located and maintained in such manner that waste material can be safely burned at any hour of the day, where local ordinances permit.
Fuel-fired and garbage burning incinerators shall be constructed and maintained in conformance with NFPA 82-2005 Incinerators, Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipment or U.L. 791-2006 Standard for Residential Incinerators, whichever is applicable.
603.8.1 Residential incinerators. Residential incinerators shall be of an approved type.
603.8.2 Spark arrestor. Incinerators shall be equipped with an effective means for arresting sparks.
603.8.3 Restrictions. Where the fire code official determines that burning in incinerators located within 500 feet (152 m) of mountainous, brush or grass-covered areas will create an undue fire hazard because of atmospheric conditions, such burning shall be prohibited.
603.8.4 Time of burning. Burning shall take place only during approved hours.
603.8.5 Discontinuance. The fire code official is authorized to require incinerator use to be discontinued immediately if the fire code official determines that smoke emissions are offensive to occupants of surrounding property or if the use of incinerators is determined by the fire code official to constitute a hazardous condition.
603.9 Gas meters. Above-ground gas meters, regulators and piping subject to damage shall be protected by a barrier complying with Section 312 or otherwise protected in an approved manner.
604.1 Installation. Emergency and standby power systems required by this code or the California Building Code shall be installed in accordance with this code, NFPA 110 and NFPA 111. Existing installations shall be maintained in accordance with the original approval.
604.1.1 Stationary generators. Stationary emergency and standby power generators required by this code shall be listed in accordance with UL 2200.
604.2 Where required. Emergency and standby power systems shall be provided where required by Sections 604.2.1 through 604.2.18.4.
84604.2.1 Group A occupancies. Emergency power shall be provided for emergency voice/alarm communication systems in Group A occupancies in accordance with Section 907.2.1.1.
604.2.2 Smoke control systems. Standby power shall be provided for smoke control systems in accordance with Section 909.11.
604.2.3 Exit signs. Emergency power shall be provided for exit signs in accordance with Section 1011.5.3.
604.2.4 Means of egress illumination. Emergency power shall be provided for means of egress illumination in accordance with Section 1006.3.
604.2.5 Accessible means of egress elevators. Standby power shall be provided for elevators that are part of an accessible means of egress in accordance with Section 1007.4.
604.2.6 Accessible means of egress platform lifts. Standby power in accordance with this section or ASME A18.1 shall be provided for platform lifts that are part of an accessible means of egress in accordance with Section 1007.5.
604.2.7 Horizontal sliding doors. Standby power shall be provided for horizontal sliding doors in accordance with Section 1008.1.4.3.
604.2.8 Semiconductor fabrication facilities. Emergency power shall be provided for semiconductor fabrication facilities in accordance with Section 1803.15.
604.2.9 Membrane structures. Emergency power shall be provided for exit signs in temporary tents and membrane structures in accordance with Section 2403.12.6.1. Standby power shall be provided for auxiliary inflation systems in permanent membrane structures in accordance with the California Building Code.
604.2.10 Hazardous materials. Emergency or standby power shall be provided in occupancies with hazardous materials in accordance with Sections 2704.7 and 2705.1.5.
604.2.11 Highly toxic and toxic materials. Emergency power shall be provided for occupancies with highly toxic or toxic materials in accordance with Sections 3704.2.2.8 and 3704.3.4.2.
604.2.12 Organic peroxides. Standby power shall be provided for occupancies with organic peroxides in accordance with Section 3904.1.11.
604.2.13 Covered mall buildings. Covered mall buildings exceeding 50,000 square feet (4645 m2) shall be provided with standby power systems which are capable of operating the emergency voice/alarm communication.
604.2.14 High-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. Standby power, light and emergency systems in high-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall comply with the requirements of Sections 604.2.14.1 through 604.2.14.3.
604.2.14.1 Standby power. A standby power system shall be provided. Where the standby system is a generator set inside a building, the system shall be located in a separate room enclosed with 2-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 of the California Building Code or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 712 of the California Building Code, or both. System supervision with manual start and transfer features shall be provided at the fire command center.
604.2.14.1.1 Fuel supply. An on-premises fuel supply, sufficient for not less than 6-hour full-demand operation of the system, shall be provided. Fire pumps shall be provided with an on-premises fuel supply, sufficient for not less than 8-hour full-demand operation of the rated pump capacity in addition to all other required supply demands in accordance with Section 913, NFPA 20 and this section.
604.2.14.1.2 Capacity. The standby system shall have a capacity and rating that supplies all equipment required to be operational at the same time. The generating capacity is not required to be sized to operate all of the connected electrical equipment simultaneously.
604.2.14.1.3 Connected facilities. Power and lighting facilities for the fire command center and elevators specified in Sections 403.9 and 403.10 of the California Building Code, as applicable, shall be transferable to the standby source. Standby power shall be provided for at least one elevator to serve all floors and be transferable to any elevator.
604.2.14.2 Separate circuits and luminaires. Separate lighting circuits and luminaires shall be required to provide sufficient light with an intensity of not less than 1 foot-candle (11 lux) measured at floor level in all means of egress corridors, stairways, smokeproof enclosures, elevator cars and lobbies, and other areas that are clearly a part of the escape route.
604.2.14.2.1 Other circuits. Circuits supplying lighting for the fire command center and mechanical equipment rooms shall be transferable to the standby source.
604.2.14.3 Emergency systems. An emergency power system shall be provided for exit signs, exit illumination as required by Chapter 10, electrically powered fire pumps required to maintain pressure, and elevator car lighting are classified as emergency systems and shall operate within 10 seconds of failure of the normal power supply and shall be capable of being transferred to the standby source.
Exception: Exit sign, exit and means of egress illumination are permitted to be powered by a standby source in buildings of Group F and S occupancies.
604.2.15 Underground buildings. Emergency and standby power systems in underground buildings covered in Chapter 4 of the California Building Code shall comply with Sections 604.2.15.1 and 604.2.15.2.
85604.2.15.1 Standby power. A standby power system complying with this section and the California Electrical Code shall be provided for standby power loads as specified in Section 604.2.15.1.1.
[B] 604.2.15.1.1 Standby power loads. The following loads are classified as standby power loads:
[B] 604.2.15.1.2 Pickup time. The standby power system shall pick up its connected loads within 60 seconds of failure of the normal power supply.
604.2.15.2 Emergency power. An emergency power system complying with this code and the California Electrical Code shall be provided for emergency power loads as specified in Section 604.2.15.2.1.
604.2.16 Group I-3 occupancies. Power-operated sliding doors or power-operated locks for swinging doors in Group I-3 occupancies shall be operable by a manual release mechanism at the door, and either emergency power or a remote mechanical operating release shall be provided.
Exception: Emergency power is not required in facilities where provisions for remote locking and unlocking of occupied rooms in Occupancy Condition 4 are not required as set forth in the California Building Code.
604.2.17 Airport traffic control towers. A standby power system shall be provided in airport traffic control towers more than 65 feet (19 812 mm) in height. Power shall be provided to the following equipment:
604.2.18 Elevators. In buildings and structures where standby power is required or furnished to operate an elevator, the operation shall be in accordance with Sections 604.2.18.1 through 604.2.18.4.
604.2.18.1 Manual transfer. Standby power shall be manually transferable to all elevators in each bank.
604.2.18.2 One elevator. Where only one elevator is installed, the elevator shall automatically transfer to standby power within 60 seconds after failure of normal power.
604.2.18.3 Two or more elevators. Where two or more elevators are controlled by a common operating system, all elevators shall automatically transfer to standby power within 60 seconds after failure of normal power where the standby power source is of sufficient capacity to operate all elevators at the same time. Where the standby power source is not of sufficient capacity to operate all elevators at the same time, all elevators shall transfer to standby power in sequence, return to the designated landing and disconnect from the standby power source. After all elevators have been returned to the designated level, at least one elevator shall remain operable from the standby power source.
604.2.18.4 Venting. Where standby power is connected to elevators, the machine room ventilation or air conditioning shall be connected to the standby power source.
604.3 Maintenance. Emergency and standby power systems shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 110 and NFPA 111 such that the system is capable of supplying service within the time specified for the type and duration required.
604.3.1 Schedule. Inspection, testing and maintenance of emergency and standby power systems shall be in accordance with an approved schedule established upon completion and approval of the system installation.
604.3.2 Written record. Written records of the inspection, testing and maintenance of emergency and standby power systems shall include the date of service, name of the servicing technician, a summary of conditions noted and a detailed description of any conditions requiring correction and what corrective action was taken. Such records shall be kept on the premises served by the emergency or standby power system and be available for inspection by the fire code official.
604.3.3 Switch maintenance. Emergency and standby power system transfer switches shall be included in the inspection, testing and maintenance schedule required by Section 604.3.1. Transfer switches shall be maintained free from accumulated dust and dirt. Inspection shall include examination of the transfer switch contacts for evidence of deterioration. When evidence of contact deterioration is detected, the contacts shall be replaced in accordance with the transfer switch manufacturer's instructions.
604.4 Operational inspection and testing. Emergency power systems, including all appurtenant components shall be inspected and tested under load in accordance with NFPA 110 and NFPA 111.
Exception: Where the emergency power system is used for standby power or peak load shaving, such use shall be recorded and shall be allowed to be substituted for scheduled testing of the generator set, provided that appropriate records are maintained.
604.4.1 Transfer switch test. The test of the transfer switch shall consist of electrically operating the transfer switch
86from the normal position to the alternate position and then return to the normal position.
604.5 Supervision of maintenance and testing. Routine maintenance, inspection and operational testing shall be overseen by a properly instructed individual.
605.1 Abatement of electrical hazards. Identified electrical hazards shall be abated. Identified hazardous electrical conditions in permanent wiring shall be brought to the attention of the responsible code official. Electrical wiring, devices, appliances and other equipment that is modified or damaged and constitutes an electrical shock or fire hazard shall not be used.
605.2 Illumination. Illumination shall be provided for service equipment areas, motor control centers and electrical panelboards.
605.3 Working space and clearance. A working space of not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width, 36 inches (914 mm) in depth and 78 inches (1981 mm) in height shall be provided in front of electrical service equipment. Where the electrical service equipment is wider than 30 inches (762 mm), the working space shall not be less than the width of the equipment. No storage of any materials shall be located within the designated working space.
Exceptions:
- Where other dimensions are required or allowed by the California Electrical Code.
- Access openings into attics or under-floor areas which provide a minimum clear opening of 22 inches (559 mm) by 30 inches (762 mm).
605.3.1 Labeling. Doors into electrical control panel rooms shall be marked with a plainly visible and legible sign stating ELECTRICAL ROOM or similar approved wording. The disconnecting means for each service, feeder or branch circuit originating on a switchboard or panelboard shall be legibly and durably marked to indicate its purpose unless such purpose is clearly evident.
605.4 Multiplug adapters. Multiplug adapters, such as cube adapters, unfused plug strips or any other device not complying with the California Electrical Code shall be prohibited.
605.4.1 Power tap design. Relocatable power taps shall be of the polarized or grounded type, equipped with overcurrent protection, and shall be listed in accordance with UL 1363.
605.4.2 Power supply. Relocatable power taps shall be directly connected to a permanently installed receptacle.
605.4.3 Installation. Relocatable power tap cords shall not extend through walls, ceilings, floors, under doors or floor coverings, or be subject to environmental or physical damage.
605.5 Extension cords. Extension cords and flexible cords shall not be a substitute for permanent wiring. Extension cords and flexible cords shall not be affixed to structures, extended through walls, ceilings or floors, or under doors or floor coverings, nor shall such cords be subject to environmental damage or physical impact. Extension cords shall be used only with portable appliances.
605.5.1 Power supply. Extension cords shall be plugged directly into an approved receptacle, power tap or multiplug adapter and, except for approved multiplug extension cords, shall service only one portable appliance.
605.5.2 Ampacity. The ampacity of the extension cords shall not be less than the rated capacity of the portable appliance supplied by the cord.
605.5.3 Maintenance. Extension cords shall be maintained in good condition without splices, deterioration or damage.
605.5.4 Grounding. Extension cords shall be grounded when serving grounded portable appliances.
605.6 Unapproved conditions. Open junction boxes and open-wiring splices shall be prohibited. Approved covers shall be provided for all switch and electrical outlet boxes.
605.7 Appliances. Electrical appliances and fixtures shall be tested and listed in published reports of inspected electrical equipment by an approved agency and installed and maintained in accordance with all instructions included as part of such listing.
605.8 Electrical motors. Electrical motors shall be maintained free from excessive accumulations of oil, dirt, waste and debris.
605.9 Temporary wiring. Temporary wiring for electrical power and lighting installations is allowed for a period not to exceed 90 days. Temporary wiring methods shall meet the applicable provisions of the California Electrical Code.
Exception: Temporary wiring for electrical power and lighting installations is allowed during periods of construction, remodeling, repair or demolition of buildings, structures, equipment or similar activities.
605.9.1 Attachment to structures. Temporary wiring attached to a structure shall be attached in an approved manner.
605.10 Portable, electric space heaters. Where not prohibited by other sections of this code, portable, electric space heaters shall be permitted to be used in all occupancies other than Group I-2 and in accordance with Sections 605.10.1 through 605.10.4.
Exception: The use of portable, electric space heaters in which the heating element cannot exceed a temperature of 212°F (100°C) shall be permitted in nonsleeping staff and employee areas in Group I-2 occupancies.
605.10.1 Listed and labeled. Only listed and labeled portable, electric space heaters shall be used.
605.10.2 Power supply. Portable, electric space heaters shall be plugged directly into an approved receptacle.
605.10.3 Extension cords. Portable, electric space heaters shall not be plugged into extension cords.
605.10.4 Prohibited areas. Portable, electric space heaters shall not be operated within 3 feet (914 mm) of any combustible
87materials. Portable, electric space heaters shall be operated only in locations for which they are listed.
[M] 606.1 Scope. Refrigeration systems shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
[M] 606.2 Refrigerants. The use and purity of new, recovered and reclaimed refrigerants shall be in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
[M] 606.3 Refrigerant classification. Refrigerants shall be classified in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
[M] 606.4 Change in refrigerant type. A change in the type of refrigerant in a refrigeration system shall be in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
606.5 Access. Refrigeration systems having a refrigerant circuit containing more than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group A1 or 30 pounds (14 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall be accessible to the fire department at all times as required by the fire code official.
606.6 Testing of equipment. Refrigeration equipment and systems having a refrigerant circuit containing more than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group A1 or 30 pounds (14 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall be subject to periodic testing in accordance with Section 606.6.1. A written record of required testing shall be maintained on the premises. Tests of emergency devices or systems required by this chapter shall be conducted by persons trained and qualified in refrigeration systems.
606.6.1 Periodic testing. The following emergency devices or systems shall be periodically tested in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and as required by the fire code official.
606.7 Emergency signs. Refrigeration units or systems having a refrigerant circuit containing more than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group A1 or 30 pounds (14 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall be provided with approved emergency signs, charts and labels in accordance with NFPA 704. Hazard signs shall be in accordance with the California Mechanical Code for the classification of refrigerants listed therein.
606.8 Refrigerant detector. Machinery rooms shall contain a refrigerant detector with an audible and visual alarm. The detector, or a sampling tube that draws air to the detector, shall be located in an area where refrigerant from a leak will concentrate. The alarm shall be actuated at a value not greater than the corresponding TLV-TWA values shown in the California Mechanical Code for the refrigerant classification. Detectors and alarms shall be placed in approved locations. The detector shall transmit a signal to an approved location.
606.9 Remote controls. Remote control of the mechanical equipment and appliances located in the machinery room shall be provided at an approved location immediately outside the machinery room and adjacent to its principal entrance.
606.9.1 Refrigeration system emergency shutoff. A clearly identified switch of the break-glass type or with an approved tamper-resistant cover shall provide off-only control of refrigerant compressors, refrigerant pumps and normally closed automatic refrigerant valves located in the machinery room. Additionally, this equipment shall be automatically shut off whenever the refrigerant vapor concentration in the machinery room exceeds the vapor detector's upper detection limit or 25 percent of the LEL, whichever is lower.
Exception: In machinery rooms where only nonflammable refrigerants are used, only compressors are required to be stopped by vapor detection or the cut-off switch.
606.9.2 Ventilation system. A clearly identified switch of the break-glass type shall provide on-only control of the machinery room ventilation fans.
606.10 Emergency pressure control system. Refrigeration systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of flammable, toxic or highly toxic refrigerant or ammonia shall be provided with an emergency pressure control system in accordance with Sections 606.10.1 and 606.10.2.
606.10.1 Automatic crossover valves. Each high- and intermediate-pressure zone in a refrigeration system shall be provided with a single automatic valve providing a cross-over connection to a lower pressure zone. Automatic cross-over valves shall comply with Sections 606.10.1.1 through 606.10.1.3.
606.10.1.1 Overpressure limit set point. Automatic crossover valves shall be arranged to automatically relieve excess system pressure to a lower pressure zone if the pressure in a high- or intermediate-pressure zone rises to within 90 percent of the set point for emergency pressure relief devices.
606.10.1.2 Manual operation. When required by the fire code official, automatic crossover valves shall be capable of manual operation.
606.10.1.3 System design pressure. Refrigeration system zones that are connected to a higher pressure zone by an automatic crossover valve shall be designed to safely contain the maximum pressure that can be achieved by interconnection of the two zones.
606.10.2 Automatic emergency stop. An automatic emergency stop feature shall be provided in accordance with Sections 606.10.2.1 and 606.10.2.2.
606.10.2.1 Operation of an automatic crossover valve. Operation of an automatic crossover valve shall cause all compressors on the affected system to immediately adjacent to crossover valves shall be permitted as a means for determining operation of a valve. To ensure that the automatic crossover valve system provides
88a redundant means of stopping compressors in an overpressure condition, high-pressure cutout sensors associated with compressors shall not be used as a basis for determining operation of a crossover valve.
606.10.2.2 Overpressure in low-pressure zone. The lowest pressure zone in a refrigeration system shall be provided with a dedicated means of determining a rise in system pressure to within 90 percent of the set point for emergency pressure relief devices. Activation of the overpressure sensing device shall cause all compressors on the affected system to immediately stop.
606.11 Storage, use and handling. Flammable and combustible materials shall not be stored in machinery rooms for refrigeration systems having a refrigerant circuit containing more than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group A1 or 30 pounds (14 kg) of any other group refrigerant. Storage, use or handling of extra refrigerant or refrigerant oils shall be as required by Chapters 27, 30, 32 and 34.
Exception: This provision shall not apply to spare parts, tools and incidental materials necessary for the safe and proper operation and maintenance of the system.
606.12 Termination of relief devices. Pressure relief devices, fusible plugs and purge systems for refrigeration systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of flammable, toxic or highly toxic refrigerants shall be provided with an approved discharge system as required by Sections 606.12.1, 606.12.2 and 606.12.3. Discharge piping and devices connected to the discharge side of a fusible plug or rupture member shall have provisions to prevent plugging the pipe in the event of the fusible plug or rupture member functions.
606.12.1 Flammable refrigerants. Systems containing flammable refrigerants having a density equal to or greater than the density of air shall discharge vapor to the atmosphere only through an approved treatment system in accordance with Section 606.12.4 or a flaring system in accordance with Section 606.12.5. Systems containing flammable refrigerants having a density less than the density of air shall be permitted to discharge vapor to the atmosphere provided that the point of discharge is located outside of the structure at not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the adjoining grade level and not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from any window, ventilation opening or exit.
606.12.2 Toxic and highly toxic refrigerants. Systems containing toxic or highly toxic refrigerants shall discharge vapor to the atmosphere only through an approved treatment system in accordance with Section 606.12.4 or a flaring system in accordance with Section 606.12.5.
606.12.3 Ammonia refrigerant. Systems containing ammonia refrigerant shall discharge vapor to the atmosphere through an approved treatment system in accordance with Section 606.12.4, a flaring system in accordance with Section 606.12.5, or through an approved ammonia diffusion system in accordance with Section 606.12.6, or by other approved means.
Exceptions:
- Ammonia/water absorption systems containing less than 22 pounds (10 kg) of ammonia and for which the ammonia circuit is located entirely outdoors.
- When the fire code official determines, on review of an engineering analysis prepared in accordance with Section 104.7.2, that a fire, health or environmental hazard would not result from discharge ammonia directly to the atmosphere.
606.12.4 Treatment systems. Treatment systems shall be designed to reduce the allowable discharge concentration of the refrigerant gas to not more than 50 percent of the IDLH at the point of exhaust. Treatment systems shall be in accordance with Chapter 37.
606.12.5 Flaring systems. Flaring systems for incineration of flammable refrigerants shall be designed to incinerate the entire discharge. The products of refrigerant incineration shall not pose health or environmental hazards. Incineration shall be automatic upon initiation of discharge, shall be designed to prevent blowback and shall not expose structures or materials to threat of fire. Standby fuel, such as LP gas, and standby power shall have the capacity to operate for one and one-half the required time for complete incineration of refrigerant in the system.
606.12.6 Ammonia diffusion systems. Ammonia diffusion systems shall include a tank containing 1 gallon of water for each pound of ammonia (4 L of water for each 1 kg of ammonia) that will be released in 1 hour from the largest relief device connected to the discharge pipe. The water shall be prevented from freezing. The discharge pipe from the pressure relief device shall distribute ammonia in the bottom of the tank, but not lower than 33 feet (10 058 mm) below the maximum liquid level. The tank shall contain the volume of water and ammonia without overflowing.
606.13 Discharge location for refrigeration machinery room ventilation. Exhaust from mechanical ventilation systems serving refrigeration machinery rooms containing flammable, toxic or highly toxic refrigerants, other than ammonia, capable of exceeding 25 percent of the LFL or 50 percent of the IDLH shall be equipped with approved treatment systems to reduce the discharge concentrations to those values or lower.
606.14 Notification of refrigerant discharges. The fire code official shall be notified immediately when a discharge becomes reportable under state, federal or local regulations in accordance with Section 2703.3.1.
606.15 Records. A written record shall be kept of refrigerant quantities brought into and removed from the premises. Such records shall be available to the fire code official.
606.16 Electrical equipment. Where refrigerants of Groups A2, A3, B2, and B3, as defined in the California Mechanical Code, are used, refrigeration machinery rooms shall conform to the Class I, Division 2 hazardous location classification requirements of the California Electrical Code.
89Exception: Ammonia machinery rooms that are provided with ventilation in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
607.1 Emergency operation. Existing elevators with a travel distance of 25 feet (7620 mm) or more shall comply with the requirements in Chapter 46. New elevators shall be provided with Phase I emergency recall operation and Phase II emergency in-car operation in accordance with ASME A17.1.
[B] 607.2 Emergency signs. An approved pictorial sign of a standardized design shall be posted adjacent to each elevator call station on all floors instructing occupants to use the exit stairways and not to use the elevators in case of fire. The sign shall read: IN FIRE EMERGENCY, DO NOT USE ELEVATOR. USE EXIT STAIRS.
Exceptions:
- The emergency sign shall not be required for elevators that are part of an accessible means of egress complying with Section 1007.4.
- The emergency sign shall not be required for elevators that are used for occupant self-evacuation in accordance with Section 3008 of the California Building Code.
607.3 Fire service access elevator lobbies. Where fire service access elevators are required by Section 3007 of the International Building Code, fire service access elevator lobbies shall be maintained free of storage and furniture.
607.4 Elevator keys. Keys for the elevator car doors and fire-fighter service keys shall be kept in an approved location for immediate use by the fire department.
607.5 Shunt trip. Where elevator hoistways or elevator machine rooms containing elevator control equipment are protected with automatic sprinklers, a means installed in accordance with NFPA 72, Section 6.16.4, Elevator Shutdown, shall be provided to disconnect automatically the main line power supply to the affected elevator prior to the application of water. This means shall not be self-resetting. The activation of sprinklers outside the hoistway or machine room shall not disconnect the main line power supply.
607.5.1 Elevator power shunt-trip shall not activate prior to the completion of elevator Phase I emergency recall operation to the recall floor.
607.5.2 Elevator power shunt-trip capability shall be disabled during Phase II emergency in-car operation.
607.5.3 Audible and visual annunciation shall be provided at the fire alarm control unit indicating the disabling of elevator power shunt-trip capability under Phase II operation.
607.5.4 Audible and visual annunciation shall be provided at the fire alarm control unit indicating that the automatic sprinklers, smoke detectors or heat detectors in the elevator hoistway or elevator machine room have activated.
607.5.5 Visual annunciation shall be provided inside all elevator cars indicating that the automatic sprinklers, smoke detectors or heat detectors in the elevator hoistway or elevator machine room have activated.
608.1 Scope. Stationary storage battery systems having an electrolyte capacity of more than 50 gallons (189 L) for flooded lead-acid, nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) and valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA), or 1,000 pounds (454 kg) for lithium-ion and lithium metal polymer, used for facility standby power, emergency power or uninterrupted power supplies shall comply with this section and Table 608.1.1
REQUIREMENT | NONRECOMBINANT BATTERIES | RECOMBINANT BATTERIES | OTHER | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flooded Lead Acid Batteries | Flooded Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) Batteries | Valve Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries | Lithium-ion Batteries | Lithium Metal Polymer | |
Safety caps | Venting caps (608.2.1) | Venting caps (608.2.1) | Self-rescaling flame-arresting caps (608.2.2) | No caps | No caps |
Thermal runaway management | Not required | Not required | Required (608.3) | Not required | Required (608.3) |
Spill control | Required (608.5) | Required (608.5) | Not required | Not required | Not required |
Neutralization | Required (608.5.1) | Required (608.5.1) | Required (608.5.2) | Not required | Not required |
Ventilation | Required (608.6.1; 608.6.2) | Required (608.6.1; 608.6.2) | Required (608.6.1; 608.6.2) | Not required | Not required |
Signage | Required (608.7) | Required (608.7) | Required (608.7) | Required (608.7) | Required (608.7) |
Seismic protection | Required (608.8) | Required (608.8) | Required (608.8) | Required (608.8) | Required (608.8) |
Smoke detection | Required (608.9) | Required (608.9) | Required (608.9) | Required (608.9) | Required (608.9) |
608.2 Safety caps. Safety caps for stationary storage battery systems shall comply with Sections 608.2.1 and 608.2.2.
608.2.1 Nonrecombinant batteries. Vented lead-acid, nickel-cadmium or other types of nonrecombinant batteries shall be provided with safety venting caps.
608.2.2 Recombinant batteries. VRLA batteries shall be equipped with self-resealing flame-arresting safety vents.
608.3 Thermal runaway. VRLA and lithium metal polymer battery systems shall be provided with a listed device or other approved method to preclude, detect and control thermal runaway.
608.4 Room design and construction. Enclosure of stationary battery systems shall comply with the California Building Code. Battery systems shall be allowed to be in the same room with the equipment they support.
608.4.1 Separate rooms. When stationary batteries are installed in a separate equipment room accessible only to authorized personnel, they shall be permitted to be installed on an open rack for ease of maintenance.
608.4.2 Occupied work centers. When a system of VRLA, lithium-ion, or other type of sealed, nonventing batteries is situated in an occupied work center, it shall be allowed to be housed in a noncombustible cabinet or other enclosure to prevent access by unauthorized personnel.
608.4.3 Cabinets. When stationary batteries are contained in cabinets in occupied work centers, the cabinet enclosures shall be located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the equipment that they support.
608.5 Spill control and neutralization. An approved method and materials for the control and neutralization of a spill of electrolyte shall be provided in areas containing lead-acid, nickel-cadmium or other types of batteries with free-flowing liquid electrolyte. For purposes of this paragraph, a “spill” is defined as any unintentional release of electrolyte.
Exception: VRLA, lithium-ion, lithium metal polymer or other types of sealed batteries with immobilized electrolyte shall not require spill control.
608.5.1 Nonrecombinant battery neutralization. For battery systems containing lead acid, nickel cadmium or other types of batteries with free-flowing electrolyte, the method and materials shall be capable of neutralizing a spill of the total capacity from the largest cell or block to a pH between 5.0 and 9.0.
608.5.2 Recombinant battery neutralization. For VRLA or other types of sealed batteries with immobilized electrolyte, the method and material shall be capable of neutralizing a spill of 3.0 percent of the capacity of the largest cell or block in the room to a pH between 5.0 and 9.0.
Exception: Lithium-ion and lithium metal polymer batteries shall not require neutralization.
608.6 Ventilation. Ventilation of stationary storage battery systems shall comply with Sections 608.6.1 and 608.6.2.
608.6.1 Room ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with the California Mechanical Code and the following:
Exception: Lithium-ion and lithium metal polymer batteries shall not require ventilation.
608.6.2 Cabinet ventilation. When VRLA batteries are installed inside a cabinet, the cabinet shall be approved for use in occupied spaces and shall be mechanically or naturally vented by one of the following methods:
608.6.3 Supervision. Mechanical ventilation systems where required by Sections 608.6.1 and 608.6.2 shall be supervised by an approved central, proprietary or remote station service or shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly attended on-site location.
608.7 Signage. Signs shall comply with Sections 608.7.1 and 608.7.2.
608.7.1 Equipment room and building signage. Doors into electrical equipment rooms or buildings containing stationary battery systems shall be provided with approved signs. The signs shall state that:
608.7.2 Cabinet signage. Cabinets shall have exterior labels that identify the manufacturer and model number of the system and electrical rating (voltage and current) of the contained battery system. There shall be signs within the cabinet that indicate the relevant electrical, chemical and fire hazards.
608.8 Seismic protection. The battery systems shall be seismically braced in accordance with the California Building Code.
91608.9 Smoke detection. An approved automatic smoke detection system shall be installed in accordance with Section 907.2 in rooms containing stationary battery systems.
[M]609.1 General. Commercial kitchen exhaust hoods shall comply with the requirements of the California Mechanical Code.
[M]609.2 Where required. A Type I hood shall be installed at or above all commercial cooking appliances and domestic cooking appliances used for commercial purposes that produce grease vapors.
609.3 Operations and maintenance. Commercial cooking systems shall be operated and maintained in accordance with Sections 609.3.1 through 609.3.4.
609.3.1 Ventilation system. The ventilation system in connection with hoods shall be operated at the required rate of air movement, and classified grease filters shall be in place when equipment under a kitchen grease hood is used.
609.3.2 Grease extractors. Where grease extractors are installed, they shall be operated when the commercial-type cooking equipment is used.
609.3.3 Cleaning. Hoods, grease-removal devices, fans, ducts and other appurtenances shall be cleaned at intervals as required by Sections 609.3.3.1 through 609.3.3.3.
609.3.3.1 Inspection. Hoods, grease-removal devices, fans, ducts and other appurtenances shall be inspected at intervals specified in Table 609.3.3.1 or as approved by the fire code official. Inspections shall be completed by qualified individuals.
TYPE OF COOKING OPERATIONS | FREQUENCY OF INSPECTION |
---|---|
High-volume cooking operations such as 24-hour cooking, charbroiling or work cooking | 3 months |
Low-volume cooking operations such as places of religious worship, seasonal businesses and senior centers | 12 months |
Cooking operations utilizing solid-fuel burning cooking appliances | 1 month |
All other cooking operations | 6 months |
609.3.3.2 Grease accumulation. If during the inspection it is found that hoods, grease-removal devices, fans, ducts or other appurtenances have an accumulation of grease, such components shall be cleaned.
609.3.3.3 Records. Records for inspections shall state the individual and company performing the inspection, a description of the inspection and when the inspection took place. Records for cleanings shall state the individual and company performing the cleaning and when the cleaning took place. Such records shall be completed after each inspection or cleaning, maintained on the premises for a minimum of three years and be copied to the fire code official upon request.
609.3.4 Extinguishing system service. Automatic fireextinguishing systems protecting commercial cooking systems shall be serviced as required in Section 904.11.6.
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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701.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall specify the requirements for and the maintenance of fire-resistance-rated construction. New buildings shall comply with the California Building Code.
701.2 Unsafe conditions. Where any components in this chapter are not maintained and do not function as intended or do not have the fire resistance required by the code under which the building was constructed, remodeled or altered, such component(s) or portion thereof shall be deemed an unsafe condition, in accordance with Section 110.1.1. Components or portions thereof determined to be unsafe shall be repaired or replaced to conform to that code under which the building was constructed, remodeled, altered or this chapter, as deemed appropriate by the fire code official.
Where the extent of the conditions of components is such that any building, structure or portion thereof presents an imminent danger to the occupants of the building, structure or portion thereof, the fire code official shall act in accordance with Section 110.2.
702.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
[B] DRAFTSTOP. A material, device or construction installed to restrict the movement of air within open spaces of concealed areas of building components such as crawl spaces, floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling assemblies and attics.
[B] FIRE-RESISTANT JOINT SYSTEM. An assemblage of specific materials or products that are designed, tested and fire-resistance rated in accordance with either ASTME 1966 or UL 2079 to resist for a prescribed period of time the passage of fire through joints made in or between fire-resistance-rated assemblies.
[B] FIREBLOCKING. Building materials, or materials approved for use as fireblocking, installed to resist the free passage of flame to other areas of the building through concealed spaces.
703.1 Maintenance. The required fire-resistance rating of fire-resistance-rated construction (including walls, firestops, shaft enclosures, partitions, smoke barriers, floors, fire-resistive coatings and sprayed fire-resistant materials applied to structural members and fire-resistant joint systems) shall be maintained. Such elements shall be visually inspected by the owner annually and properly repaired, restored or replaced when damaged, altered, breached or penetrated. Where concealed, such elements shall not be required to be visually inspected by the owner unless the concealed space is accessible by the removal or movement of a panel, access door, ceiling tile or similar movable entry to the space. Openings made therein for the passage of pipes, electrical conduit, wires, ducts, air transfer openings and holes made for any reason shall be protected with approved methods capable of resisting the passage of smoke and fire. Openings through fire-resistance-rated assemblies shall be protected by self- or automatic-closing doors of approved construction meeting the fire protection requirements for the assembly.
703.1.1 Fireblocking and draftstopping. Required fire-blocking and draftstopping in combustible concealed spaces shall be maintained to provide continuity and integrity of the construction.
703.1.2 Smoke barriers and smoke partitions. Required smoke barriers and smoke partitions shall be maintained to prevent the passage of smoke. All openings protected with approved smoke barrier doors or smoke dampers shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 105.
703.1.3 Fire walls, fire barriers and fire partitions. Required fire walls, fire barriers and fire partitions shall be maintained to prevent the passage of fire. All openings protected with approved doors or fire dampers shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 80.
703.2 Opening protectives. Opening protectives shall be maintained in an operative condition in accordance with NFPA 80. Fire doors and smoke barrier doors shall not be blocked or obstructed or otherwise made inoperable. Fusible links shall be replaced promptly whenever fused or damaged. Fire door assemblies shall not be modified.
703.2.1 Signs. Where required by the fire code official, a sign shall be permanently displayed on or near each fire door in letters not less than 1 inch (25 mm) high to read as follows:
703.2.2 Hold-open devices and closers. Hold-open devices and automatic door closers, where provided, shall be maintained. During the period that such device is out of service for repairs, the door it operates shall remain in the closed position.
703.2.3 Door operation. Swinging fire doors shall close from the full-open position and latch automatically. The door closer shall exert enough force to close and latch the door from any partially open position.
703.3 Ceilings. The hanging and displaying of salable goods and other decorative materials from acoustical ceiling systems that are part of a fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly, shall be prohibited.
703.4 Testing. Horizontal and vertical sliding and rolling fire doors shall be inspected and tested annually to confirm proper operation and full closure. A written record shall be maintained and be available to the fire code official.
704.1 Enclosure. Interior vertical shafts, including but not limited to stairways, elevator hoistways, service and utility shafts, that connect two or more stories of a building shall be enclosed or protected as required in Chapter 46. New floor openings in existing buildings shall comply with the International Building Code.
704.2 Opening protectives. When openings are required to be protected, opening protectives shall be maintained self-closing or automatic-closing by smoke detection. Existing fusible-link-type automatic door-closing devices are permitted if the fusible link rating does not exceed 135°F (57°C).
96
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | |||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | SS/CC | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
This state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol:† | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) |
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804.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
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806 | † | |||||||||||||||||||
806.2 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
807 | † | |||||||||||||||||||
807.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
807.1.2 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
807.4.5.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
807.4.2.4.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
807.4.5 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
807.4.2.4 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
808 | † | |||||||||||||||||||
801.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern interior finish, interior trim, furniture, furnishings, decorative materials and decorative vegetation in buildings. Existing buildings shall comply with Sections 803 through 808. New buildings shall comply with Sections 804 through 808 and Section 803 of the California Building Code.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1172] Purpose.
California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 8 have been prepared and adopted for the purpose of establishing minimum standards for the prevention of fire and for the protection of life and property against fire and panic through the use of flame-retardant chemicals, fabrics and materials.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1173] Scope.
California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 8 shall govern the manufacture, sale and application of flame-retardant chemicals used in connection with fabrics or materials required to be treated and maintained in a flame-retardant condition as provided in Section 13115 or 13119 of the Health and Safety Code. These rules and regulations shall also apply to fabrics or materials inherently non-flammable and, they shall also establish minimum fire-resistive standards for such fabrics or materials.
California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 8 shall also establish minimum standards and specific procedures for the approval of flame-retardant chemicals, flame retardant materials and flame retardant applicator concerns.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1174] Basis.
California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 8 are based upon the presumption of fact that fabrics and similar materials commonly known to be flammable increase, or may cause the increase of, the hazard or menace of fire; that proper and adequate flame-retardant treatment through the use of certain chemicals is possible whereby the danger to life and property from fire and panic can be materially reduced; and, that there do exist certain fabrics and materials which by nature are nonflammable.
802.1 General. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
[B] FLAME SPREAD. The propagation of flame over a surface.
[B] FLAME SPREAD INDEX. A comparative measure, expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from visual measurements of the spread of flame versus time for a material tested in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723.
INTERIOR FLOOR-WALL BASE. Interior floor finish trim used to provide a functional or decorative border at the intersection of walls and floors.
SITE-FABRICATED STRETCH SYSTEM. A system, fabricated on site and intended for acoustical, tackable or aesthetic purposes, that is comprised of three elements:
[B] SMOKE-DEVELOPED INDEX. A comparative measure, expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from measurements of smoke obscuration versus time for a material tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1191] Approved.
“Approved” means approved by the State Fire Marshal.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1196] Flame Retardant Chemical.
“Flame-Retardant Chemical” as used herein means any chemical, chemical compound or chemical mixture which when properly applied to a fabric or material will render such fabric or material incapable of supporting combustion to the extent that it will successfully withstand the tests and meet the specifications promulgated by the State Fire Marshal.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1201] Nonflammable Material.
“Nonflammable Material” as used herein means a fabric or material which is inherently flame-resistant to the extent that it will meet the requirements of the fire resistance test herein prescribed, but shall not include materials which must be chemically treated or processed after manufacture to make them flame-resistant.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1202] Place of Public Assemblage.
“Place of Public Assemblage” as used herein means any occupancy mentioned in Section 13115 or 13119 of the Health and Safety Code.
803.1 General. The provisions of this section shall limit the allowable flame spread and smoke development of interior wall and ceiling finishes and interior wall and ceiling trim in existing buildings based on location and occupancy classification. Interior wall and ceiling finishes shall be classified in accordance with Section 803 of the California Building Code. Such materials shall be grouped in accordance with ASTM E 84, as indicated in Section 803.1.1, or in accordance with NFPA 286, as indicated in Section 803.1.2.
Exceptions:
- Materials having a thickness less than 0.036 inch (0.9 mm) applied directly to the surface of walls and ceilings.
- Exposed portions of structural members complying with the requirements of buildings of Type IV construction in accordance with the California Building Code shall not be subject to interior finish requirements.
803.1.1 Classification in accordance with ASTM E 84. Interior finish materials shall be grouped in the following classes in accordance with their flame spread and smoke-developed index when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.
Class A: flame spread index 0-25; smoke-developed index 0-450.
Class B: flame spread index 26-75; smoke-developed index 0-450.
Class C: flame spread index 76-200; smoke-developed index 0-450.
803.1.2 Classification in accordance with NFPA 286. Interior wall or ceiling finishes shall be allowed to be tested in accordance with NFPA 286. Finishes tested in accordance with NFPA 286 shall comply with Section 803.1.2.1. Interior wall and ceiling finish materials tested in accordance with NFPA 286 and meeting the acceptance criteria of Section 803.1.2.1 shall be allowed to be used where a Class A classification in accordance with ASTM E 84 is required.
803.1.2.1 Acceptance criteria for interior finish materials tested to NFPA 286. During the 40 kilowatt (kW) exposure, the interior finish shall comply with Item 1. During the 160 kW exposure, the interior finish shall comply with Item 2. During the entire test, the interior finish shall comply with Item 3.
803.2 Stability. Interior finish materials regulated by this chapter shall be applied or otherwise fastened in such a manner that such materials will not readily become detached where subjected to room temperatures of 200°F (93°C) for not less than 30 minutes.
803.3 Interior finish requirements based on occupancy. Interior wall and ceiling finish shall have a flame spread index not greater than that specified in Table 803.3 for the group and location designated.
803.4 Fire-retardant coatings. The required flame spread or smoke-developed index of surfaces in existing buildings shall be allowed to be achieved by application of approved fire-retardant coatings, paints or solutions to surfaces having a flame spread index exceeding that allowed. Such applications shall comply with NFPA 703 and the required fire-retardant properties shall be maintained or renewed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
803.5 Textiles. Where used as interior wall or ceiling finish materials, textiles, including materials having woven or nonwoven, napped, tufted, looped or similar surface, shall comply with the requirements of this section.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.21(a) and (b)] Interior Finish of Decorative Material.
The test shall be conducted in a draft free area, on a specimen of the material 12-inches (305 mm) by 12-inches (305 mm) suspended at a 45-degree (0.79 rad) angle from the horizontal with the upper and lower edges in a horizontal plane. The test flame shall be 3 inches (76 mm) long from a Bunsen burner of approximately ½ inch (12.7 mm) inside diameter with the air supply completely shut off. The burner shall be so positioned so that its top is 1 inch vertically below a point on the lower surface of the test specimen, 1 inch (25 mm) up from its lower horizontal edge, and mid-way between the inclined edges. The exposure to the test flame and the duration of test shall be for a period of 2 minutes.
GROUP | SPRINKLERED1 | NONSPRINKLERED | ||||
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Exit enclosures and exit passagewaysa,b | Corridors | Rooms and enclosed spacesc | Exit enclosures and exit passagewaysa,b | Corridors | Rooms and enclosed spacesc | |
For SI: 1inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2. | ||||||
NP = Not Permitted | ||||||
a. Class C interior finish materials shall be allowed for wainscoting or paneling of not more than 1,000 square feet of applied surface area in the grade lobby where applied directly to a noncombustible base or over furring strips applied to a noncombustible base and fireblocked as required by Section 803.4 of the California Building Code. | ||||||
b. In exit enclosures of buildings less than three stories in height of other than Group I-3, Class B interior finish for nonsprinklered buildings and Class C for sprinklered buildings shall be permitted. | ||||||
c. Requirements for rooms and enclosed spaces shall be based upon spaces enclosed by partitions. Where a fire-resistance rating is required for structural elements, the enclosing partitions shall extend from the floor to the ceiling. Partitions that do not comply with this shall be considered as enclosing spaces and the rooms or spaces on both sides shall be considered as one. In determining the applicable requirements for rooms and enclosed spaces, the specific occupancy thereof shall be the governing factor regardless of the group classification of the building or structure. | ||||||
d. Lobby areas in Group A-1, A-2 and A-3 occupancies shall not be less than Class B materials. | ||||||
e. Class C interior finish materials shall be allowed in Group A occupancies with an occupant load of 300 persons or less. | ||||||
f. In places of religious worship, wood used for ornamental purposes, trusses, paneling or chancel furnishing shall be allowed. | ||||||
g. Class B material is required where the building exceeds two stories. | ||||||
h. Class C interior finish materials shall be allowed in administrative spaces. | ||||||
i. Class C interior finish materials shall be allowed in rooms with a capacity of four persons or less. | ||||||
j. Class B materials shall be allowed as wainscoting extending not more than 48 inches above the finished floor in corridors. | ||||||
k. Finish materials as provided for in other sections of this code. | ||||||
l. Applies when the vertical exits, exit passageways, corridors or rooms and spaces are protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. | ||||||
A-1& A-2 | B | B | C | A | Ad | Be |
A-3fA-4, A-5 | B | B | C | C | Ad | C |
B, E, M, R-1, R-4 | B | C | C | A | B | C |
F | C | C | C | B | C | C |
H, L | B | B | Cg | A | A | B |
I-2, I-2.1 | B | B | Bh,i | A | A | B |
I-3 | A | Aj | B | NP | NP | NP |
I-4 | B | B | Bh,i | A | A | B |
R-2. | C | C | C | B | B | C |
R-2.1 | B | C | C | A | B | B |
R-3 | C | C | C | C | C | C |
U | No Restrictions | No Restrictions |
803.5.1 Textile wall coverings. Textile wall coverings shall comply with one of the following:
803.5.1.1 Method A test protocol. During the Method A protocol, flame shall not spread to the ceiling during the 40 kW exposure. During the 150 kW exposure, the textile wall covering shall comply with all of the following:
803.5.1.2 Method B test protocol. During the Method B protocol, flames shall not spread to the ceiling at any time during the 40 kW exposure. During the 150 kW exposure, the textile wall covering shall comply with the following:
803.6 Expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings. Expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings shall comply with the requirements of either Section 803.6.1 or 803.6.2.
803.6.1 General. Expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings shall comply with the requirements of Section 803.1.2. Expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings complying with Section 803.1.2 shall not be required to comply with Section 803.1.1.
803.7 Foam plastic materials. Foam plastic materials shall not be used as interior wall and ceiling finish unless specifically allowed by Section 803.7.1 or 803.7.2. Foam plastic materials shall not be used as interior trim unless specifically allowed by Section 803.7.3.
803.7.1 Combustibility characteristics. Foam plastic materials shall be allowed on the basis of fire tests that sub stantiate their combustibility characteristics for the use intended under actual fire conditions, as indicated in Section 2603.9 of the California Building Code. This section shall apply both to exposed foam plastics and to foam plastics used in conjunction with a textile or vinyl facing or cover.
803.7.2 Thermal Barrier. Foam plastic material shall be allowed if it is separated form the interior of the building by a thermal barrier in accordance with Section 2603.4 of the California Building Code.
803.7.3 Trim. Foam plastic shall be allowed for trim in accordance with Section 804.2.
803.8 High-density polyethylene (HDPE). Where high-density polyethylene is used as an interior finish, it shall comply with Section 803.1.2.
803.9 Site-fabricated stretch systems. Where used as newly installed interior wall or interior ceiling finish materials, site-fabricated stretch systems shall be tested in the manner intended for use, and shall comply with the requirements of Section 803.1.1 or 803.1.2. If the materials are tested in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723, specimen preparation and mounting shall be in accordance with ASTM E 2573.
804.1 Interior trim. Material, other than foam plastic used as interior trim, shall have a minimum Class B flame spread and 450 smoke-developed index in Group 1-3 and for all other occupancies Class C flame spread and smoke-developed indices when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723, as described in Section 803.1.1. Combustible trim, excluding handrails and guardrails, shall not exceed 10 percent of the specific wall or ceiling area in which it is attached.
804.1.1 Alternate testing. When the interior trim material has been tested as an interior finish in accordance with NFPA 286 and complies with the acceptance criteria in Section 803.1.2.1, it shall not be required to be tested for flame spread index and smoke-developed index in accordance with ASTM E 84.
804.2 Foam plastic. Foam plastic used as interior trim shall comply with Sections 804.2.1 through 804.2.4.
102804.2.1 Density. The minimum density of the interior trim shall be 20 pounds per cubic foot (320 kg/m3.
804.2.2 Thickness. The maximum thickness of the interior trim shall be ½ inch (12.7 mm) and the maximum width shall be 8 inches (203 mm).
804.2.3 Area limitation. The interior trim shall not constitute more than 10 percent of the specific wall of ceiling area to which it is attached.
804.2.4 Flame spread. The flame spread index shall not exceed 75 where tested in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723. The smoke-developed index shall not be limited.
Exception: When the interior trim material has been tested as an interior finish in accordance with NFPA 286 and complies with the acceptance criteria in Section 803.1.2.1, it shall not be required to be tested for flame spread index in accordance with ASTME 84 or UL 723.
804.3 Interior floor-wall base. Interior floor-wall base that is 6 inches (152 mm) or less in height shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 253 and shall not be less than Class II. Where a Class I floor finish is required, the floor-wall base shall be Class I. The classification referred to herein corresponds to the classifications determined by NFPA 253 as follows: Class I, 0.45 watt/cm2 or greater; Class II, 0.22 watts/cm2 or greater.
Exception: Interior trim materials that comply with Section 804.1.
805.1 Group 1-1, board and care facilities. The requirements in Section 805.1.1 through 805.1.2 shall apply to board and care facilities classified in Group I-1.
805.1.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.1.1.1 through 805.1.1.3.
805.1.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with one of the following:
805.1.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1537 or California Technical Bulletin 133, as follows:
Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
805.1.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall bear the label of an approved agency, conforming compliance with the requirements of Section 805.1.1.1 and 805.1.1.2.
805.1.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.1.2.1 through 805.1.2.3.
805.1.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 inches (51 mm).
805.1.2.2 Heat release rate.Newly introduced mattresses shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129, as follows:
Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by a approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
805.1.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Section 805.2.2.1 and 805.2.2.2.
805.2 Group I-2, nursing homes and hospitals. The requirements in Sections 805.2.1 through 805.2.2 shall apply to nursing homes and hospitals classified in Group I-2.
805.2.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced uphol-stered furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.2.1.1 through 805.2.1.3.
805.2.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with one of the following: (a) mocked-up composites of the upholstered furniture shall have a char length not exceeding 1.5 inches (38 mm) when tested in accordance with NFPA 261 or (b) the components of the
103upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements for Class I when tested in accordance with NFPA 260.
Exception: Upholstered furniture belonging to the patients in sleeping rooms of nursing homes (Group I-2), provided that a smoke detector is installed in such rooms. Battery-powered, single-station smoke alarms shall be allowed.
805.2.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced uphol-stered furniture shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1537 or California Technical Bulletin 133, as follows:
Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
805.2.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall bear label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Section 805.2.1.1 and 805.2.1.2.
805.2.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall meet the requirements of Section 805.2.2.1 through 805.2.2.3.
805.2.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 inches (51 mm).
805.2.2.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced mattresses shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129, as follows:
Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
805.2.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Sections 805.2.2.1 and 805.2.2.2.
805.3 Group I-3, detention and correction facilities. The requirements in Sections 805.3.1 through 805.3.2 shall apply to detention and correction facilities classified in Group I-3.
805.3.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.3.1.1 through 805.3.1.3.
805.3.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with one of the following:
805.3.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1537, as follows:
805.3.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Sections 805.3.1.1 and 805.3.1.2.
805.3.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall meet the requirements of Section 805.3.2.1 through 805.3.2.3.
805.3.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 inches (51 mm).
805.3.2.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced mattresses shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129, as follows:
104
805.3.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Sections 805.3.2.1 and 805.3.2.2.
805.4 Group R-2 college and university dormitories. The requirements of Sections 805.4.1 through 805.4.2.3 shall apply to college and university dormitories classified in Group R-2.
805.4.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.4.1.1 through 805.4.1.3
805.4.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with one of the following:
805.4.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTME 1537 or California Technical Bulletin 133, as follows:
Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or space protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
805.4.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Sections 805.4.1.1 and 805.4.1.2.
805.4.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.4.2.1 through 805.4.2.3.
805.4.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 inches (51 mm).
805.4.2.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced mattresses shall be limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129, as follows:
Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
805.4.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Section 805.4.2.1 and 805.4.2.2.
806.1 Natural cut trees. Natural cut trees, where allowed by this section, shall have the trunk bottoms cut off at least 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) above the original cut and shall be placed in a support device complying with Section 806.1.2.
806.1.1 Restricted occupancies. Natural cut trees shall be prohibited in Group A, E, I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4, M, R-1, R-2 and R-4 occupancies.
Exceptions:
806.1.2 Support devices. The support device that holds the tree in an upright position shall be of a type that is stable and that meets all of the following criteria:
806.1.3 Dryness. The tree shall be removed from the building whenever the needles or leaves fall off readily when a
105tree branch is shaken or if the needles are brittle and break when bent between the thumb and index finger. The tree shall be checked daily for dryness.
806.2 Artificial vegetation. Artificial decorative vegetation shall meet the flame propagation performance criteria of California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1. Meeting the flame propagation performance criteria of California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 shall be documented and certified by the manufacturer in an approved manner.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.08]. Decorative Materials.
In every Group A, E, I, R-1, R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies all drapes, hangings, curtains, drops and all other decorative material, including Christmas trees, that would tend to increase the fire and panic hazard shall be made from a nonflammable material, or shall be treated and maintained in a flame-retardant conditions by means of a flame-retardant solution or process approved by the State Fire Marshal, as set forth in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 8. Exits, exit lights, fire alarm sending stations, wet standpipe hose cabinets, and fire extinguisher location shall not be concealed, in whole or in part, by any decorative material.
Exceptions:
- Cubical curtains and individual patient room window curtains and drapes in Group I, R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies.
- Window curtains and drapes within dwelling units of Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies.
- Christmas trees within dwelling units of Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies.
806.3 Obstruction of means of egress. The required width of any portion of a means of egress shall not be obstructed by decorative vegetation.
806.4 Open flame. Candles and open flames shall not be used on or near decorative vegetation. Natural cut trees shall be kept a distance from heat vents and any open flame or heat-producing devices at least equal to the height of the tree.
806.5 Electrical fixtures and wiring. The use of unlisted electrical wiring and lighting on natural cut trees and artificial decorative vegetation shall be prohibited. The use of electrical wiring and lighting on artificial trees constructed entirely of metal shall be prohibited.
807.1 General requirements. In occupancies in Groups A, E, I and R-1 and dormitories in Group R-2, curtains, draperies, hangings and other decorative materials suspended from walls or ceilings shall meet the flame propagation performance criteria of California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 in accordance with Section 807.2 or be noncombustible.
Exceptions:
- Curtains, draperies, hangings and other decorative materials suspended from walls of sleeping units and dwelling units in dormitories in Group R-2 protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1 and such materials are limited to not more than 50 percent of the aggregate area of walls.
- Decorative materials, including, but not limited to, photographs and paintings in dormitories in Group R-2 where such materials are of limited quantities such that a hazard of fire development or spread is not present.
In Groups I-1 and I-2, combustible decorative materials shall meet the flame propagation criteria of NFPA 701 unless the decorative materials, including, but not limited to, photographs and paintings, are of such limited quantities that a hazard of fire development or spread is not present. In Group I-3, combustible decorative materials are prohibited.
Fixed or movable walls and partitions, paneling, wall pads and crash pads, applied structurally or for decoration, acoustical correction, surface insulation or other purposes, shall be considered interior finish if they cover 10 percent or more of the wall or of the ceiling area, and shall not be considered decorative materials or furnishings.
In Group B and M occupancies, fabric partitions suspended from the ceiling and not supported by the floor shall meet the flame propagation performance criteria in accordance with Section 807.2 and NFPA 701 or shall be noncombustible.
807.1.1 Noncombustible materials. The permissible amount of noncombustible decorative material shall not be limited.
807.1.2 Combustible decorative materials. The permissible amount of decorative materials meeting the flame propagation performance criteria of California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division I shall not exceed 10 percent of the specific wall or ceiling area to which it is attached.
106Exceptions:
- In auditoriums in Group A, the permissible amount of decorative material meeting the flame propagation performance criteria of California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division I shall not exceed 75 percent of the aggregate wall area where the building is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, and where the material is installed in accordance with Section 803.4 of the California Building Code.
- The amount of fabric partitions suspended from the ceiling and not supported by the floor in Group B and M occupancies shall not be limited.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.08]. Decorative Materials.
In every Group A, E, I, R-1, R-2, R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies all drapes, hangings, curtains, drops and all other decorative material, including Christmas trees, that would tend to increase the fire and panic hazard shall be made from a nonflammable material, or shall be treated and maintained in a flame-retardant condition by means of a flame-retardant solution or process approved by the State Fire Marshal, as set forth in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 8. Exits, exit lights, fire alarm sending stations, wet standpipe hose cabinets and fire extinguisher locations shall not be concealed, in whole or in part, by any decorative material.
Exceptions:
- Cubical curtains and individual patient room window curtains and drapes in Group I, R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies.
- Window curtains and drapes within dwelling units of Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies.
- Christmas trees within dwelling units of Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1273.1] Fabrics for Interior Use.
Fabrics as described in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, 1272(c) intended for interior use shall be tested in their original condition only and shall meet the requirements for fire resistance outlined in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1,1273.3.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1273.1] Fabrics for Exterior Use.
Fabrics as described in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, 1272(c) intended for exterior use shall meet the requirements for fire resistance outlined in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1,1273.3, and, in addition, they shall meet the requirements for fire resistance outlined in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, 1237, both in their original state and after accelerated weathering.
807.2 Acceptance criteria and reports. Where required to be flame resistant, decorative materials shall be tested by an approved agency and meet the flame propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701, or such materials shall be noncombustible. Reports of test results shall be prepared in accordance with NFPA 701 and furnished to the fire code official upon request.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1321.1] Fabric and Material Certification.
All concerns in whose name an approved flame-resistant fabric or material is registered shall issue approved certificates of flame resistance covering all such products sold for use in occupancies governed by the statutes. Copies shall be furnished to the buyer as well as the State Fire Marshal and the local fire authority of the customer’s city. These certificates shall be delivered within 10 days after the product is shipped and shall be filled out completely and signed by an authorized representative of the concern.
In addition to the required description on the reverse side of the certificate as to yardage or quantity, color and kind, notation should be made of the manufacturer’s production or lot control number, the purchase order or invoice number and, where possible, the ultimate location and use.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1324] Job Labeling.
To every article that is treated and to every roll or package of registered approved fabric or material a small label or tag shall be securely affixed, bearing the following information:
This information may be stamped, printed or stenciled on the article if so desired.
Concerns which treat or manufacture yardage goods may print or stencil their name, or the name of their fabric if registered, on the salvage (at least once every three yards) instead of affixing the label or tag as above.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1325] Labeling Required.
No drape, hanging, curtain, drop or similar decorative material or exterior fabric which has been treated by a registered flame-retardant application concern, either as yardage or after fabrication, or which is made from a registered approved fabric shall be installed after the effective date of these rules and regulations [California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter8] in any place or under any condition governed by Sections 13115 and 13119 of the Health and Safety Code unless such drape, hanging, curtain, drop or similar decorative material or exterior fabric shall be labeled as required by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 1324.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1326] Retreatment.
In cases where instructions are issued by the State Fire Marshal requiring retreatment or replacement of fabrics or materials previously treated with a flame-retardant chemical or registered as an approved fabric or material, the retreatment or replacement shall be made within ten (10) days after date of the order so requiring. A new certificate of flame resistance covering each such retreatment shall be delivered as for an original job as is provided for by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 1321. A new sample of the retreated fabric or material shall be attached to the certificate of flame resistance submitted to the State Fire Marshal.
107[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1327] Installation.
The standard fire resistance tests presume installation of approved registered fabrics in a normal vertical position. Some decorative materials installed otherwise, such as in narrow strips or suspended overhead in a horizontal position, may exhibit different burning characteristics. Since it is not feasible to devise tests for all such installations differing from normal, they must be judged on an individual basis. Where indicated, the State Fire Marshal may perform such additional tests as he deems necessary to insure adequate fire resistance of materials as installed.
807.3 Pyroxylin plastic. Imitation leather or other material consisting of or coated with a pyroxylin or similarly hazardous base shall not be used in Group A occupancies.
807.4 Occupancy-based requirements. In occupancies in Group A, E and I-4 day care facilities, decorative materials other than decorative vegetation shall comply with Sections 807.4.1 through 807.4.4.2.
807.4.1 General. All of the following requirements shall apply to all Group A and E occupancies and Group I-4 day care facilities regulated by Sections 807.4.2 through 807.4.4:
807.4.2 Group A. The requirements in Sections 807.4.2.1 through 807.4.2.3 shall apply to occupancies in Group A.
807.4.2.1 Foam plastics. Exposed foam plastic materials and unprotected materials containing foam plastic used for decorative purpose or stage scenery or exhibit booths shall have a maximum heat release rate of 100 kW when tested in accordance with UL 1975.
Exceptions:
- Individual foam plastic items or items containing foam plastic where the foam plastic does not exceed 1 pound (0.45 kg) in weight.
- Cellular or foam plastic shall be allowed for trim in accordance with Section 804.2.
807.4.2.2 Motion picture screens. The screens upon which motion pictures are projected in new and existing buildings of Group A shall either meet the flame propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701 or shall comply with the requirements for a Class B interior finish in accordance with Section 803 of the California Building Code.
807.4.2.3 Wood use in Group A-3 places of religious worship. In places of religious worship, wood used for ornamental purposes, trusses, paneling or chancel furnishing shall be allowed.
807.4.2.4 Motion picture and television production studio sound stages, approved production facilities and production locations with live audiences.
807.4.2.4.1 Foam plastics, decorations, textile and film materials. Foam plastics, textile and film materials and other decorative materials and materials containing foam plastics shall be in accordance with the following:
Exception: When the aggregate area of murals, signs or similar decorative objects occupies less than 10 percent of the floor or wall area, this requirement may be waived by the Fire Chief.
807.4.3 Group E. The requirements in Section 807.4.3.1 and 807.4.3.2 shall apply to occupancies in Group E.
807.4.3.1 Storage in corridors and lobbies. Clothing and personal effects shall not be stored in corridors and lobbies.
Exceptions:
- Corridors protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
- Corridors protected by an approved smoke detection system installed in accordance with Section 907.
- Storage in metal lockers, provided the minimum required egress width is maintained.
807.4.3.2 Artwork. Artwork and teaching materials shall be limited on the walls of corridors to not more than 20 percent of the wall area.
807.4.4 Group I-4, day care facilities. The requirements in Section 807.4.4.1 and 807.4.4.2 shall apply to day care facilities classified in Group I-4.
807.4.4.1 Storage in corridors and lobbies. Clothing and personal effects shall not be stored in corridors and lobbies.
Exceptions:
807.4.4.2 Artwork. Artwork and teaching materials shall be limited on walls of corridors to not more than 20 percent of the wall area.
807.4.5 Group F-1 motion picture and television production studio sound stages, approved production facilities and production locations without live audiences.
807.4.5.1 Foam plastics, decorations, textile and film materials. Foam plastics, textile and film materials and other decorative materials and materials containing foam plastics shall be in accordance with the following:
Exception: When the aggregate area of murals, signs or similar decorative objects occupies less than 10 percent of the floor or wall area, this requirements may be waived by the Fire Chief.
808.1 Wastebaskets and linen containers in Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies. Wastebaskets, linen containers and other waste containers, including their lids, located in Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies shall be constructed of noncombustible materials or of materials that meet a peak rate of heat release not exceeding 300 kW/m2 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1354 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2 in the horizontal orientation. Metal wastebaskets and other metal waste containers with a capacity of 20 gallons (75.7 L) or more shall be listed in accordance with UL 1315 and shall be provided with a noncombustible lid. Portable containers exceeding 32 gallons (121 L) shall be stored in an area classified as a waste and linen collection room and constructed in accordance with Table 508.2.5 of the California Building Code.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.19(b) and (c) Housekeeping.
Every building or portion of a building governed by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division I regulations shall be maintained in a neat orderly manner, free from any condition that would create a fire or life hazard or a condition which would add to or contribute to the rapid spread of fire. Provisions shall be made for the proper storage and disposal of waste materials and rubbish consistent with the following:
(b) All combustible waste materials and rubbish shall be stored in approved containers or shall be stored in a manner approved by the enforcing agency as being consistent with standard fire prevention practices until such waste material and rubbish is removed from the premises or otherwise disposed of in a proper manner.
(c) Approved self-closing metal containers or listed disposal containers by an approved testing or listing agency shall be provided and maintained in all rooms or locations where oily rags, oily waste, paint rags, or similar materials subject to spontaneous ignition are used, or are stored temporarily. Contents of such containers shall be removed and disposed of daily.
808.2 Signs. Foam plastic signs that are not affixed to interior building surfaces shall have a maximum heat release rate of 150 kW when tested in accordance with UL 1975.
109 110Exception: Where the aggregate area of foam plastic signs is less than 10 percent of the floor area or wall area of the room or space in which the signs are located, whichever is less, subject to the approval of the fire code official.
901.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall specify where fire protection systems are required and shall apply to the design, installation, inspection, operation, testing and maintenance of all fire protection systems.
901.2 Construction documents. The fire code official shall have the authority to require construction documents and calculations for all fire protection systems and to require permits be issued for the installation, rehabilitation or modification of any fire protection system. Construction documents for fire protection systems shall be submitted for review and approval prior to system installation.
901.2.1 Statement of compliance. Before requesting final approval of the installation, where required by the fire code official, the installing contractor shall furnish a written statement to the fire code official that the protection system has been installed in accordance withapproved plans and has been tested in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and the appropriate installation standard. Any deviations from the design standards shall be noted and copies of the approvals for such deviations shall be attached to the written statement.
901.3 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6 and 105.7.
901.4 Installation. Fire protection systems shall be maintained in accordance with the original installation standards for that system. Required systems shall be extended, altered or augmented as necessary to maintain and continue protection whenever the building is altered, remodeled or added to. Alterations to fire protection systems shall be done in accordance with applicable standards.
901.4.1 Required fire protection systems. Fire protection systems required by this code or theCalifornia Building Code shall be installed, repaired, operated, tested and maintained in accordance with this code.
901.4.2 Nonrequired fire protection systems. Any fire protection system or portion thereof not required by this code or theCalifornia Building Code shall be allowed to be furnished for partial or complete protection provided such installed system meets the requirements of this code and the California Building Code.
901.4.3 Additional fire protection systems. In occupancies of a hazardous nature, where special hazards exist in addition to the normal hazards of the occupancy, or where the fire code official determines that access for fire apparatus is unduly difficult, the fire code official shall have the authority to require additional safeguards. Such safeguards include, but shall not be limited to, the following: automatic fire detection systems, fire alarm systems, automatic fire-extinguishing systems, standpipe systems, or portable or fixed extinguishers. Fire protection equipment required under this section shall be installed in accordance with this code and the applicable referenced standards.
901.4.4 Appearance of equipment. Any device that has the physical appearance of life safety or fire protection equipment but that does not perform that life safety or fire protection function shall be prohibited.
901.5 Installation acceptance testing. Fire detection and alarm systems, fire-extinguishing systems, fire hydrant systems, fire standpipe systems, fire pump systems, private fire service mains and all other fire protection systems and appurtenances thereto shall be subject to acceptance tests as contained in the installation standards and as approved by the fire code official. The fire code official shall be notified before any required ascceptance testing.
901.5.1 Occupancy. It shall be unlawful to occupy any portion of a building or structure until the required fire detection, alarm and suppression systems have been tested andapproved.
901.6 Inspection, testing and maintenance. Fire detection, alarm and extinguishing systems shall be maintained in an operative condition at all times, and shall be replaced or repaired where defective. Nonrequired fire protection systems and equipment shall be inspected, tested and maintained or removed.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1.14] Maintenance.
Every fire alarm system or device, sprinkler system, fire extinguisher, fire hose, fire resistive assembly or any other fire safety assembly, device, material or equipment installed and retained in service in any building or structure subject to California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 regulations shall be maintained in an operable condition at all times in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 regulations and with their intended use.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.24] Maintenance of Equipment.
All fire alarm systems, fire detection systems, automatic sprinkler or extinguishing systems, communication systems, and all other equipment, material or systems required by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 shall be maintained in an operable condition at all times. Upon disruption or diminishment of the fire protective qualities of such equipment, material or systems, immediate action shall be instituted to effect a reestablishment of such equipment material or systems to their original normal and operational condition.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904(a)] Required Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Frequencies.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904(a)(1)] Required Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Frequencies.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904(b)] Required Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Frequencies.
(b) When proof of the installation date of standpipe systems or automatic fire sprinkler systems cannot be furnished, such systems shall receive initial testing and maintenance by July 1, 1985.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, § 904.2(a)] Testing and Maintenance Requirements.
Exceptions:
- The State Fire Marshal may waive in writing licensing of fire departments which conduct fire sprinkler and standpipe system testing and maintenance.
- Service on fire alarm systems and industrial systems as specified in 13196.5(b) and (c) Health and Safety Code may be conducted without a license.
- Testing and maintenance on automatic fire extinguishing systems exempted in writing by the State Fire Marshal, when the building owner or occupant has the staff and equipment to conduct testing and maintenance.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.2(b)] Testing and Maintenance Requirements.
(b) Any testing and maintenance of automatic fire extinguishing systems shall be performed in accordance with these requirements.
Exceptions:
- The State Fire Marshal may waive in writing the requirement that testing and maintenance be performed in accordance with these requirements when a licensee can demonstrate that a system cannot functionally be tested and maintained in accordance with the California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5
- If at any time a licensee encounters a specialized or modified system which cannot be tested and maintained in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 the licensee shall contact the State Fire Marshal and test and maintain the system as directed.
- The intent of this section is to cover automatic fire extinguishing systems as originally designed, installed and approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. It is not, however, intended to require that such systems be upgraded to current adopted standards.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.2(h)] Testing and Maintenance Requirements.
(h) At the time of testing and maintenance, building management shall be consulted to avoid unnecessary disturbance of normal building operation.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.2(i)] Testing and Maintenance Requirements.
(i) The licensee shall contact the local fire authority having jurisdiction prior to testing and maintenance of a system when required by the local fire authority having jurisdiction to do so.
901.6.1 Standards. Fire protection systems shall be inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the referenced standards listed in Table 901.6.1 and California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapters 3 and 5.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.1(a)] Inspection Requirements.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.2(g)] Testing and Maintenance Requirements.
(g) Prior to activating any fire alarm component of an automatic fire extinguishing system, the license shall insure that the licensee is capable of restoring the fire alarm system.
SYSTEM | STANDARD |
---|---|
Portable fire extinguishers | California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 3 |
Carbon dioxide fire-extinguishing system | NFPA 12 |
Halon 1301 fire-extinguishing systems | NFPA 12A |
Dry-chemical extinguishing systems | NFPA 17 |
Wet-chemical extinguishing systems | NFPA 17A |
Water-based fire protection systems | California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 |
Fire alarm systems | NFPA 72 |
Water-mist systems | NFPA 750 |
Clean-agent extinguishing systems | NFPA 2001 |
901.6.2 Records. Records of all system inspections, tests and maintenance required by the referenced standards shall be maintained on the premises for a minimum of three years and shall be copied to the fire code official upon request.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.1(b)] Inspection Requirements.
(b) Records of all inspections shall be retained on the premises by the building or system owner for a period of five years after the next required inspection.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.2(c)] Testing and Maintenance Requirements.
(c) Records of all testing and maintenance shall be retained on the premises by the building or system owner for a period of five years after the next required test or maintenance.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.2(j)] Testing and Maintenance Requirements.
(j) It is the responsibility of the contractor, company or licensee to provide a written report of the test and maintenance results to the building owner and the local fire authority having jurisdiction at the completion of the testing and maintenance.
901.6.2.1 Records information. Initial records shall include the name of the installation contractor, type of components installed, manufacturer of the components, location and number of components installed per floor. Records shall also include the manufacturers' operation and maintenance instruction manuals. Such records shall be maintained on the premises.
901.7 Systems out of service. Where a required fire protection system is out of service, the fire department and the fire code official shall be notified immediately and, where required by the fire code official, the building shall either be evacuated or anapproved fire watch shall be provided for all occupants left unprotected by the shutdown until the fire protection system has been returned to service.
Where utilized, fire watches shall be provided with at least oneapproved means for notification of the fire department and their only duty shall be to perform constant patrols of the protected premises and keep watch for fires.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.1(c)] Inspection Requirements.
(c) The owner or occupant shall promptly correct or repair deficiencies, damaged parts or impairments found while performing the inspection, test and maintenance requirements of this standard. Recalled products shall be replaced or remedied. Such replacement or remedial product shall be installed in accordance with the listing requirements, the manufacturer's instructions and the appropriate NFPA installation standards. A recalled product is a product subject to a statute or administrative regulation specifically requiring the manufacturer, importer, distributor, whole saler, or retailer of a product, or any combination of such entities, to recall the product, or a product voluntarily recalled by a combination of such entities.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.2(d)] Testing and Maintenance Requirements.
(d) The building or system owner shall insure immediate correction of any deficiencies noted during the service. A tag or label shall be affixed to a system only after all deficiencies have been corrected. The owner or occupant shall promptly correct or repair deficiencies, damaged parts or impairments found while performing the inspection, test and maintenance requirements of this standard. Recalled products shall be replaced or remedied. Such replacement or remedial product shall be installed in accordance with the listing requirements, the manufacturer's instructions and the appropriate NFPA installation standards. A recalled product is a product subject to a statute or administrative regulation specifically requiring the manufacturer, importer, distributor, wholesaler, or retailer of a product, or any combination of such entities, to recall the product, or a product voluntarily recalled by a combination of such entities.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.2(e)] Testing and Maintenance Requirements.
(e) At the time of testing and maintenance, or at any time parts are replaced, an itemized invoice showing work performed and parts replaced shall be provided by the licensee to the system owner. If testing and maintenance is performed more than thirty (30) days prior to the next required testing and maintenance date, the invoice shall bear a statement indicating the system was tested and maintained early.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.2(f)] Testing and Maintenance Requirements.
(f) The licensee shall offer to return all replaced parts to the system owner or owners representative, except those parts that are required to be returned to the manufacturer under conditions of warranty.
901.7.1 Impairment coordinator. The building owner shall assign an impairment coordinator to comply with the requirements of this section. In the absence of a specific designee, the owner shall be considered the impairment coordinator.
901.7.2 Tag required. A tag shall be used to indicate that a system, or portion thereof, has been removed from service.
901.7.3 Placement of tag. The tag shall be posted at each fire department connection, system control valve, fire alarm control unit, fire alarm annunciator and fire command center, indicating which system, or part thereof, has been removed from service. The fire code official shall specify where the tag is to be placed.
901.7.4 Preplanned impairment programs. Preplanned impairments shall be authorized by the impairment coordinator. Before authorization is given, a designated individual shall be responsible for verifying that all of the following procedures have been implemented:
901.7.5 Emergency impairments. When unplanned impairments occur, appropriate emergency action shall be taken to minimize potential injury and damage. The impairment coordinator shall implement the steps outlined in Section 901.7.4.
901.7.6 Restoring systems to service. When impaired equipment is restored to normal working order, the impairment coordinator shall verify that all of the following procedures have been implemented:
901.8 Removal of or tampering with equipment. It shall be unlawful for anyperson to remove, tamper with or otherwise disturb any fire hydrant, fire detection and alarm system, fire suppression system, or other fire appliance required by this code except for the purpose of extinguishing fire, training purposes, recharging or making necessary repairs, or when approved by the fire code official.
901.8.1 Removal of or tampering with appurtenances. Locks, gates, doors, barricades, chains, enclosures, signs, tags or seals which have been installed by or at the direction of the fire code official shall not be removed, unlocked, destroyed, tampered with or otherwise vandalized in any manner.
901.9 Recall of fire protection components. Any fire protection system component regulated by this code that is the subject of a voluntary or mandatory recall under federal law shall be replaced with approved, listed components in compliance with the referenced standards of this code. The fire code official shall be notified in writing by the buildingowner when the recalled component parts have been replaced.
902.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A fire alarm system component such as a bell, horn, speaker, light or text display that provides audible, tactile or visible outputs, or any combination thereof.
ALARM SIGNAL. A signal indicating an emergency requiring immediate action, such as a signal indicative of fire.
ALARM VERIFICATION FEATURE. A feature of automatic fire detection and alarm systems to reduce unwanted alarms wherein smoke detectors report alarm conditions for a minimum period of time, or confirm alarm conditions within a given time period, after being automatically reset, in order to be accepted as a valid alarm-initiation signal.
ANNUNCIATOR. A unit containing one or more indicator lamps, alphanumeric displays or other equivalent means in which each indication provides status information about a circuit, condition or location.
AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A notification appliance that alerts by the sense of hearing.
AUTOMATIC. As applied to fire protection devices, a device or system providing an emergency function without the necessity for human intervention and activated as a result of a predetermined temperature rise, rate of temperature rise or combustion products.
AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. Anapproved system of devices and equipment which automatically detects a fire and discharge anapproved fire-extinguishing agent onto or in the area of a fire.
AUTOMATIC SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM. A fire alarm system that has initiation devices that utilize smoke detectors for protection of an area such as a room or space with detectors to provide early warning of fire.
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM. An automatic sprinkler system, for fire protection purposes, is an integrated system of underground and overhead piping designed in accordance with fire protection engineering standards. The system includes a suitable water supply. The portion of the system above the ground is a network of specially sized or hydraulically designed piping installed in a structure or area, generally overhead, and to which automatic sprinklers are connected in a systematic pattern. The system is usually activated by heat from a fire and discharges water over the fire area.
AVERAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL. The root mean square, A-weighted sound pressure level measured over a 24-hour period, or the time any person is present, whichever time period is less.
CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A system supplying carbon dioxide (CO2) from a pressurized vessel through fixed pipes and nozzles. The system includes a manual-or automatic-actuating mechanism.
120CLEAN AGENT. Electrically nonconducting, volatile or gaseous fire extinguishant that does not leave a residue upon evaporation.
CONSTANTLY ATTENDED LOCATION. A designated location at a facility staffed by trained personnel on a continuous basis where alarm or supervisory signals are monitored and facilities are provided for notification of the fire department or other emergency services.
DELUGE SYSTEM. A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers attached to a piping system connected to a water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation of a detection system installed in the same area as the sprinklers. When this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers attached thereto.
DETECTOR, HEAT. A fire detector that senses heat, either abnormally high temperature or rate of rise, or both.
DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. A powder composed of small particles, usually of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, urea-potassium-based bicarbonate, potassium chloride or monoammonium phosphate, with added particulate material supplemented by special treatment to provide resistance to packing, resistance to moisture absorption (caking) and the proper flow capabilities.
ELEVATOR GROUP. A grouping of elevators in a building located adjacent or directly across from one another that respond to a common hall call button(s).
EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM. A system to provide indication and warning of emergency situations involving hazardous materials.
EMERGENCY VOICE/ALARM COMMUNICATIONS. Dedicated manual or automatic facilities for originating and distributing voice instructions, as well as alert and evacuation signals pertaining to a fire emergency, to the occupants of a building.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §902.4(b)] “E” Definitions
(b) Engineered Fixed Extinguishing System. A system which is custom designed for a particular hazard, using components which are approved or listed only for their broad performance characteristics. Components may be arranged into a variety of configurations. These systems shall include but not be limited to:
- Dry chemical systems
- Carbon dioxide systems
- Halogenated agent systems
- Steam systems
- High expansion foam systems
- Foam extinguishing systems
- Liquid agent systems
- Clean agent systems
FIRE ALARM BOX, MANUAL. See “Manual fire alarm box.”
FIRE ALARM CONTROL UNIT. A system component that receives inputs from automatic and manual fire alarm devices and may be capable of supplying power to detection devices and transponder(s) or off-premises transmitter(s). The control unit may be capable of providing a transfer of power to the notification appliances and transfer of condition to relays or devices.
FIRE ALARM SIGNAL. A signal initiated by a fire alarminitiating device such as a manual fire alarm box, automatic fire detector, waterflow switch or other device whose activation is indicative of the presence of a fire or fire signature.
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM. A system or portion of a combination system consisting of components and circuits arranged to monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm or supervisory signal-initiating devices and to initiate the appropriate response to those signals.
FIRE APPLIANCE. An apparatus or equipment provided or installed for use in the event of an emergency.
[B] FIRE AREA. The aggregate floor area enclosed and bounded by fire walls, fire barriers, exterior walls or horizontal assemblies of a building. Areas of the building not provided with surrounding walls shall be included in the fire area if such areas are included within the horizontal projection of the roof or floor next above.
FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. A device designed to detect the presence of a fire signature and to initiate action.
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. Approved devices, equipment and systems or combinations of systems used to detect a fire, activate an alarm, extinguish or control a fire, control or manage smoke and products of a fire or any combination thereof.
FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS. Building and fire control functions that are intended to increase the level of life safety for occupants or to control the spread of the harmful effects of fire.
[B] FIXED BASE OPERATOR (FBO). A commercial business granted the right by the airport sponsor to operate on an airport and provide aeronautical services such as fueling, hangaring, tie-down and parking, aircraft rental, aircraft maintenance and flight instruction.
FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A special system discharging a foam made from concentrates, either mechanically or chemically, over the area to be protected.
HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A fire-extinguishing system using one or more atoms of an element from the halogen chemical series: fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
IMPAIRMENT COORDINATOR. The person responsible for the maintenance of a particular fire protection system.
INITIATING DEVICE. A system component that originates transmission of a change-of-state condition, such as in a smoke detector, manual fire alarm box, or supervisory switch.
121[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §902.9(a)] “I” Definitions.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §902.12(a)] “M” Definitions.
MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX. A manually operated device used to initiate an alarm signal.
MULTIPLE-STATION ALARM DEVICE. Two or more single-station alarm devices that can be interconnected such that actuation of one causes all integral or separate audible alarms to operate. It also can consist of one single-station alarm device having connections to other detectors or to a manual fire alarm box.
MULTIPLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. Two or more single-station alarm devices that are capable of interconnection such that actuation of one causes the appropriate alarm signal to operate in all interconnected alarms.
NOTIFICATION ZONE. See “Zone, notification.”
NUISANCE ALARM. An alarm caused by mechanical failure, malfunction, improper installation or lack of proper maintenance, or an alarm activated by a cause that cannot be determined.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §902.15(a)] “P” Definitions.
RECORD DRAWINGS. Drawings (“as builts”) that document the location of all devices, appliances, wiring, sequences, wiring methods and connections of the components of a fire alarm system as installed.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §902.18(a)] “S” Definitions.
SINGLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. An assembly incorporating the detector, the control equipment and the alarm-sounding device in one unit, operated from a power supply either in the unit or obtained at the point of installation.
[B] SLEEPING UNIT. A room or space in which people sleep, which can also include permanent provisions for living, eating, and either sanitation or kitchen facilities but not both. Such rooms and spaces that are also part of a dwelling unit are not sleeping units.
SMOKE ALARM. A single- or multiple-station alarm responsive to smoke.
SMOKE DETECTOR. A listed device that senses visible or invisible particles of combustion.
STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASSES OF. Standpipe classes are as follows:
Class I system. A system providing 2½-inch (64 mm) hose connections to supply water for use by fire departments and those trained in handling heavy fire streams.
Class II system. A system providing 1½-inch (38 mm) hose stations to supply water for use primarily by the building occupants or by the fire department during initial response.
Class III system. A system providing 1½-inch (38 mm) hose stations to supply water for use by building occupants and 2½-inch (64 mm) hose connections to supply a larger volume of water for use by fire departments and those trained in handling heavy fire streams.
STANDPIPE, TYPES OF. Standpipe types are as follows:
Automatic dry. A dry standpipe system, normally filled with pressurized air, that is arranged through the use of a device, such as a dry pipe valve, to admit water into the system piping automatically upon the opening of a hose valve. The water supply for an automatic dry standpipe system shall be capable of supplying the system demand.
Automatic wet. A wet standpipe system that has a water supply that is capable of supplying the system demand automatically.
Manual dry. A dry standpipe system that does not have a permanent water supply attached to the system. Manual dry standpipe systems require water from a fire department pumper to be pumped into the system through the fire department connection in order to supply the system demand.
Manual wet. A wet standpipe system connected to a water supply for the purpose of maintaining water within the system but which does not have a water supply capable of delivering the system demand attached to the system. Manual wet standpipe systems require water from a fire department pumper (or the like) to be pumped into the system in order to supply the system demand.
Semiautomatic dry. A dry standpipe system that is arranged through the use of a device, such as a deluge valve, to admit water into the system piping upon activation of a remote control device located at a hose connection. A remote control activation device shall be provided at each hose connection. The water supply for a semiautomatic dry standpipe system shall be capable of supplying the system demand.
SUPERVISING STATION. A facility that receives signals and at which personnel are in attendance at all times to respond to these signals.
122SUPERVISORY SERVICE. The service required to monitor performance of guard tours and the operative condition of fixed suppression systems or other systems for the protection of life and property.
SUPERVISORY SIGNAL. A signal indicating the need of action in connection with the supervision of guard tours, the fire suppression systems or equipment, or the maintenance features of related systems.
SUPERVISORY SIGNAL-INITIATING DEVICE. An initiating device such as a valve supervisory switch, water level indicator, or low-air pressure switch on a dry-pipe sprinkler system whose change of state signals an off-normal condition and its restoration to normal of a fire protection or life safety system; or a need for action in connection with guard tours, fire suppression systems or equipment, or maintenance features of related systems.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §902.19(a)] “T” Definitions.
TIRES, BULK STORAGE OF. Storage of tires where the area available for storage exceeds 20,000 cubic feet (566 m3).
[B] TRANSIENT AIRCRAFT. Aircraft based at another location and is at the transient location for not more than 90 days.
TROUBLE SIGNAL. A signal initiated by the fire alarm system or device indicative of a fault in a monitored circuit or component.
VISIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A notification appliance that alerts by the sense of sight.
WET-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. A solution of water and potassium-carbonate-based chemical, potassium-acetate-based chemical or a combination thereof, forming an extinguishing agent.
WIRELESS PROTECTION SYSTEM. A system or a part of a system that can transmit and receive signals without the aid of wire.
ZONE. A defined area within the protected premises. A zone can define an area from which a signal can be received, an area to which a signal can be sent or an area in which a from of control can be executed.
ZONE, NOTIFICATION. An area within a building or facility covered by notification appliances which are activated simultaneously.
903.1 General. Automatic sprinkler systems shall comply with this section.
903.1.1 Alternative protection. Alternative automatic fire-extinguishing systems complying with Section 904 shall be permitted in lieu of automatic sprinkler protection where recognized by the applicable standard and approved by the fire code official.
903.2 Where required. Approved automatic sprinkler systems in new buildings and structures shall be provided in the locations described in Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.12.
903.2.1 Group A. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings and portions thereof used as Group A occupancies as provided in this section. For Group A-1, A-2, A-3 and A-4 occupancies, the automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout the floor area where the Group A-1, A-2, A-3 or A-4 occupancy is located, and in all floors from the Group A occupancy to, and including, the nearest level of exit discharge serving the Group A occupancy. For Group A-5 occupancies, the automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in the spaces indicated in Section 903.2.1.5.
903.2.1.1 Group A-1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group A-1 occupancies where one of the following conditions exists:
903.2.1.2 Group A-2. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group A-2 occupancies where one of the following conditions exists:
903.2.1.3 Group A-3. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group A-3 occupancies where one of the following conditions exists:
903.2.1.4 Group A-4. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group A-4 occupancies where one of the following conditions exists:
123
SECTION | SUBJECT |
---|---|
For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.023 m3. | |
914.2.1 | Covered malls |
914.3.1 | High-rise buildings and Group 1-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access |
914.4.1 | Atriums |
914.5.1 | Underground structures |
914.6.1 | Stages |
914.7.1 | Special amusement buildings |
914.8.2, 914.8.5 | Aircraft hangars |
914.9 | Flammable finishes |
914.10 | Drying rooms |
1025.6.2.3 | Smoke-protected assembly seating |
1208.2 | Dry cleaning plants |
1208.3 | Dry cleaning machines |
1504.2 | Spray finishing in Group A, E, I or R |
1504.4 | Spray booths and spray rooms |
1505.2 | Dip-tank rooms in Group A, I or R |
1505.4.1 | Dip tanks |
1505.9.4 | Hardening and tempering tanks |
1803.10 | HPM facilities |
1803.10.1.1 | HPM work station exhaust |
1803.10.2 | HPM gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures |
1803.10.3 | HPM exit access corridor |
1803.10.4 | HPM exhaust ducts |
1803.10.4.1 | HPM noncombustible ducts |
1803.10.4.2 | HPM combustible ducts |
1907.3 | Lumber production conveyor enclosures |
1908.7 | Recycling facility conveyor enclosures |
2106.1 | Class A and B ovens |
2106.2 | Class C and D ovens |
2209.3.2.6.2 | Hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing area canopies |
Table 2306.2 | Storage fire protection |
2306.4 | Storage |
2703.8.4.1 | Gas rooms |
2703.8.5.3 | Exhausted enclosures |
2704.5 | Indoor storage of hazardous materials |
2705.1.8 | Indoor dispensing of hazardous materials |
2804.4.1 | Aerosol warehouses |
2806.3.2 | Aerosol display and merchandising areas |
2904.5 | Storage of more than 1,000 cubic feet of loose combustible fibers |
3306.5.2.1 | Storage of smokeless propellant |
3306.5.2.3 | Storage of small arms primers |
3404.3.7.5.1 | Flammable and combustible liquid storage rooms |
3404.3.8.4 | Flammable and combustible liquid storage warehouses |
3405.3.7.3 | Flammable and combustible liquid Group H-2 or H-3 areas |
3704.1.2 | Gas cabinets for highly toxic and toxic gas |
3704.1.3 | Exhausted enclosures for highly toxic and toxic gas |
3704.2.2.6 | Gas rooms for highly toxic and toxic gas |
3704.3.3 | Outdoor storage for highly toxic and toxic gas |
4204.1.1 | Pyroxylin plastic storage cabinets |
4204.1.3 | Pyroxylin plastic storage vaults |
4204.2 | Pyroxylin plastic storage and manufacturing |
4603.4 | Proxylin plastic storage in existing buildings |
4603.4.2 | Existing Group 1-2 occupancies |
California Building Code Section 430 | Horse racing stables |
California Building Code Section 431 | Pet kennels |
California Building Code Section 439 | Public libraries |
903.2.1.5 Group A-5. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group A-5 occupancies in the following areas: concession stands, retail areas, press boxes and other accessory use areas in excess of 1,000 square feet (93 m2).
[F] 903.2.2 Group B ambulatory health care facilities. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout all fire areas containing a Group B ambulatory health care facility occupancy when either of the following conditions exist at any time:
903.2.3 Group E. Except as provided for in Section 903.2.3.1 for a new public school campus an automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group E occupancies as follows:
124Exception: An automatic sprinkler system is not required in any area below the lowest level of exit discharge serving that area where every classroom throughout the building has at least one exterior exit door at ground level.
903.2.3.1 Public Schools—Automatic Sprinkler System Requirements.
903.2.3.1.1 New public school campus. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in all buildings of a new public school campus as defined in Section 202 regardless of occupancy classification.
Exceptions:
903.2.3.1.1.1 Sprinklers shall be installed in spaces where the ceiling creates a “ceiling-plenum” or space above the ceiling is utilized for environmental air.
903.2.3.1.2 Permanent portable buildings. A portable building that is used to serve or house students and is certified, as a permanent building on a new public school campus by the public school administration shall comply with the requirements of Section 903.2.3.1.1.
903.2.3.1.3 Fire-resistive substitution for new campus. A new public school campus as defined in Section 202 shall be entitled to include in the design and construction documents all of the applicable fire-resistive construction substitutions as permitted by this code.
903.2.4 Group F-1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all buildings containing a Group F-1 occupancy where one of the following conditions exists:
903.2.4.1 Woodworking operations. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all Group F-1 occupancy fire areas that contain woodworking operations in excess of 2,500 square feet in area (232 m2) which generate finely divided combustible waste or which use finely divided combustible materials. [SFM] A fire wall of less than four-hour fire-resistance rating without openings, or any fire wall with openings, shall not be used to establish separate fire areas.
903.2.5 Group H. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be provided in high-hazard occupancies as required in Sections 903.2.5.1 through 903.2.5.3.
903.2.5.1 General. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in Group H occupancies.
903.2.5.2 Group H-5 occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout buildings containing Group H-5 occupancies. The design of the sprinkler system shall not be less than that required under the California Building Code for the occupancy hazard classifications in accordance with Table 903.2.5.2.
Where the design area of the sprinkler system consists of a corridor protected by one room of sprinklers, the maximum number of sprinklers required to be calculated is 13.
LOCATION | OCCUPANCY HAZARD CLASSIFICATION |
---|---|
Fabrication areas | Ordinary Hazard Group 2 |
Service corridors | Ordinary Hazard Group 2 |
Storage rooms without dispensing | Ordinary Hazard Group 2 |
Storage rooms with dispensing | Extra Hazard Group 2 |
Corridors | Ordinary Hazard Group 2 |
903.2.5.3 Pyroxylin plastics. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in buildings, or portions thereof, where cellulose nitrate film or pyroxylin plastics are manufactured, stored or handled in quantities exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg).
903.2.5.4 Group H occupancies located above the 10th story. The fire sprinkler system shall be designed and zoned to provide separate indication upon water-flow for each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier above the 10th story.
903.2.6 Group I. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings with a Group I fire area.
Exceptions:
903.2.6.1 Group I-2. An existing, unsprinklered Group I-2 nurses' station open to fire-resistive exit access corridors shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system located directly above the nurses' station. It shall be permitted to connect the automatic sprinkler system to the domestic water service.
903.2.6.2 Group I-3. Every building, or portion thereof, where inmates are restrained shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system conforming to NFPA 13. The main sprinkler control valve or valves and all other control valves in the system shall be locked in the open position and electrically supervised so that at least an audible and visual alarm will sound at a constantly attended location when valves are closed. The sprinkler branch piping serving cells may be embedded in the concrete construction.
Exception: Sprinklers are not required in cells housing two or fewer inmates and the building shall be considered sprinklered throughout when all the following criteria are met:
- Automatic fire sprinklers shall be mounted out-side the cell a minimum of 6 feet (1829 mm) on center and 12 inches (305 mm) from the wall with quick response sprinkler heads. Where spacing permits, the head shall be centered over the cell door opening.
- The maximum amount of combustibles, excluding linen and clothing, shall be maintained at three pounds per inmate.
- For local detention facilities, each individual housing cell shall be provided with a two-way inmate or sound-actuated audio monitoring system for communication directly to the control station serving the cell(s).
- The provisions of the exception in Section 804.4.2 shall not apply.
903.2.7 Group M. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings containing a Group M occupancy where one of the following conditions exists:
903.2.7.1 High-piled storage. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided as required in Chapter 23 in all buildings of Group M where storage of merchandise is in high-piled or rack storage arrays.
903.2.8 Group R. An automatic sprinkler systeminstalled in accordance with Section 903.3 shall be provided throughout all buildings with a Group R fire area.
Exception:
- Existing Group R-3 occupancies converted to Group R-3.1 occupancies not housing bedridden clients, not housing nonambulatory clients above the first floor, and not housing clients above the second floor.
- Existing Group R-3 occupancies converted to Group R-3.1 occupancies housing only one bedridden client and complying with Section 425.8.3.3 of the California Building Code.
- Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13113 occupancies housing ambulatory children only, none of whom are mentally ill or mentally retarded, and the buildings or portions thereof in which such children are housed are not more than two stories in height, and buildings or portions thereof housing such children have an automatic fire alarm system activated by approved smoke detectors.
- Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143.6 occupancies licensed for protective social care which house ambulatory clients only, none of whom is a child (under the age of 18 years), or who is elderly (65 years of age or over).
When not used in accordance with Section 504.2 or 506.3 of the California Building Code an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2 shall be allowed in Group R-2.1 occupancies.
An automatic sprinkler system designed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3 shall not be utilized in Group R-2.1 or R-4 occupancies.
903.2.9 Group S-1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all buildings containing a Group S-1 occupancy where one of the following conditions exists:
903.2.9.1 Repair garages. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all buildings used as
126repair garages in accordance with Section 406 of the California Building Code, as shown:
903.2.9.2 Bulk storage of tires. Buildings and structures where the area for the storage of fires exceeds 20,000 cubic feet (566 m3) shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
903.2.10 Group S-2 enclosed parking garages. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings classified as enclosed parking garages in accordance with Section 406.4 of the California Building Code as follows:
903.2.10.1 Commercial parking garages. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings used for storage of commercial trucks or buses where the fire area exceeds 5,000 square feet (464 m2).
903.2.11 Specific building areas and hazards. In all occupancies an automatic sprinkler system shall be installed for building design or hazards in the locations set forth in Sections 903.2.11.1 through 903.2.11.6.
Exception: Group R-3 and U.
903.2.11.1 Stories without openings. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout all stories, including basements, of all buildings where the floor area exceeds 1,500 square feet (139.4 m2) and where there is not provided at least one of the following types of exterior wallopenings:
903.2.11.1.1 Opening dimensions and access. Openings shall have a minimum dimension of not less than 30 inches (762 mm). Such openings shall be accessible to the fire department from the exterior and shall not be obstructed in a manner that fire fighting or rescue cannot be accomplished from the exterior.
903.2.11.1.2 Openings on one side only. Where openings in a story are provided on only one side and the opposite wall of such story is more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) from such openings, the story shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system or openings as specified above shall be provided on at least two sides of the story.
903.2.11.1.3 Basements. Where any portion of a basement is located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) from openings required by Section 903.2.11.1, the basement shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
903.2.11.2 Rubbish and linen chutes. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed at the top of rubbish and linen chutes and in their termination rooms. Chutes extending through three or more floors shall have additional sprinkler heads installed within such chutes at alternate floors. Chute sprinklers shall be accessible for servicing.
903.2.11.3 Buildings 55 feet or more in height. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout buildings with a floor level having an occupant load of 30 or more that is located 55 feet (16 764 mm) or more above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.
Exceptions:
- Airport control towers.
- Open parking structures.
- Occupancies in Group F-2.
903.2.11.4 Ducts conveying hazardous exhausts. Where required by the California Mechanical Code, automatic sprinklers shall be provided in ducts conveying hazardous exhaust, flammable or combustible materials.
Exception: Ducts where the largest cross-sectional diameter of the duct is less than 10 inches (254 mm).
903.2.11.5 Commercial cooking operations. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in a commercial kitchen exhaust hood and duct system where an automatic sprinkler system is used to comply with Section 904.
903.2.11.6 Other required suppression systems. In addition to the requirements of Section 903.2, the provisions indicated in Table 903.2.11.6 also require the installation of a fire suppression system for certain buildings and areas.
903.2.12 During construction. Automatic sprinkler systems required during construction, alteration and demolition operations shall be provided in accordance with Section 1413.
903.2.13 Reserved.
903.2.14 Motion picture and television production studio sound stages, approved production facilities and production locations.
903.2.14.1 Existing sound stages and approved production facilities. All existing sound stages and approved production facilities equipped with an automatic fire sprinkler system shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions in this Chapter.
903.2.14.2 New sound stages. All new sound stages shall be equipped with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system. The system shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of the California Fire Code Chapter 9 and shall meet the minimum design requirements of an Extra Hazard, Group 2 system.
903.2.15 Automatic sprinkler system—existing high-rise buildings. Regardless of any other provisions of these regulations, every existing high-rise building of Type II-B, Type III-B or Type V-B construction shall be provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system conforming to NFPA 13.
903.2.15.1 Existing R-1 and R-2 high-rise buildings fire-extinguishing systems. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems installed in any existing high-rise structure in which a Group R-1 or a Group R-2 occupancy is, located shall have an approved flow indicator electrically interconnected to the required fire alarm system.
903.2.16 Group Loccupancies. An automatic fire protection system shall be installed throughout buildings housing Group L Occupancies. Sprinkler system design for research laboratories and similar areas of a Group L Occupancy shall not be less than that required for Ordinary Hazard Group 2 with a design area of not less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2).
In mixed occupancies, portions of floors or buildings not classified as Group L Occupancies shall be provided with sprinkler protection designed of not less than that required for Ordinary Hazard Group 1 with a design area of not less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2).
903.2.16.1 Group L occupancies located above the 10th story. The automatic sprinkler system shall be designed and zoned to provide separate indication upon water-flow for each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier above the 10th story.
903.2.17 Fixed guideway transit systems.
903.2.17.1 Automatic sprinkler system.An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in all stations of fixed guideway transit systems.
Exceptions:
- Guideways when the closest sprinkler heads to the guideway are within 3 feet (914 mm) of the edge, over the platform, and spaced 6 feet (1829 mm) on center parallel to the guideway
- Station agent booths not exceeding 150 square feet (13.9 m2) in area, when provided with an approved smoke detector connected to the building fire alarm system
- Power substations
- Machinery rooms, electrical rooms and train control rooms protected by an approved automatic fixed fire-extinguishing system
- Open stations
- Station Platform areas open to three or more sides
903.2.17.2 Station guideway deluge system. Underground stations and stations in open cuts with walls 5 feet (1524 mm) above he top of the running rail and with a raised platform shall be provided with an under-vehicle guideway manually activated deluge sprinkler system. In open cut stations, such system shall be provided in guideways which are situated between a raised platform edge and a retaining wall.
903.2.17.2.1 Systems shall be provided along the entire length of track at each station platform.
903.2.17.2.2 Deluge nozzles with caps shall be located in the approximate center of track with spacing designed to completely wet the undersides of the vehicle at the applied density.
903.2.17.2.3 System density shall be a minimum of 0.19 gallon per minute (gpm) per square foot (0.72 L/m per m2) for the design area. When more than one zone is provided, two adjacent zones are required to be considered operating for calculating purposes.
903.2.17.2.4 Deluge systems shall be directly connected to a water supply capable of supplying the required flow rate for a minimum 30-minute duration.
903.2.17.2.5 Controls or manually operable valves shall be in a location acceptable to the Fire Code Official. All deluge systems shall be monitored by the station fire alarm system.
903.2.17.2.6 Each valve shall be monitored by a separate circuit. The alarm panel shall be located in an area normally occupied by station personnel or signals shall be transmitted to the operations control center (OCC).
903.2.18 Group U private garages and carports accessory to Group R-3 occupancies. Carports with habitable space above and attached garages, accessory to Group R-3 occupancies, shall be protected by residential fire sprinklers in accordance with this section. Residential fire sprinklers shall be connected to, and installed in accordance with, an automatic residential fire sprinkler system that complies with Section R313 of the California Residential Code or with NFPA 13D. Fire sprinklers shall be residential sprinklers or quick-response designed to provide a minimum density of 0.05 gpm/ft2 (2.04 mm/min) over the
128area of the garage and/or carport, but not to exceed two sprinklers for hydraulic calculation purposes. Garage doors shall not be considered obstructions with respect to sprinkler placement.
Exception: An automatic residential fire sprinkler system shall not be required when additions or alterations are made to existing carports and/or garages that do not have an automatic residential fire sprinkler system installed in accordance with this section.
903.3 Installation requirements. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sections 903.3.1 through 903.3.7.
903.3.1 Standards. Sprinkler systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, unless otherwise permitted by Sections 903.3.1.2 and 903.3.1.3.
903.3.1.1 NFPA 13 sprinkler systems. Where the provisions of this code require that a building or portion thereof be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with this section, sprinklers shall be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13 as amended in Chapter 47 except as provided in Section 903.3.1.1.1.
903.3.1.1.1 Exempt locations. In other than Group I-2, I-2.1 and I-3 occupancies, automatic sprinklers shall not be required in the following rooms or areas where such rooms or areas are protected with an approved automatic fire detection system in accordance with Section 907.2 that will respond to visible or invisible particles of combustion. Sprinklers shall not be omitted from any room merely because it is damp, of fire-resistance rated construction or contains electrical equipment.
903.3.1.2 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems. Automatic sprinkler systems in Group R occupancies up to and including four stories in height shall be permitted to be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13R as amended in Chapter 47.
903.3.1.2.1 Balconies and decks. Sprinkler protection shall be provided for exterior balconies, decks and ground floor patios of dwelling units where the building is of Type V construction, provided there is a roof or deck above. Sidewall sprinklers that are used to protect such areas shall be permitted to be located such that their deflectors are within 1 inch (25 mm) to 6 inches (152 mm) below the structural members and a maximum distance of 14 inches (356 mm) below the deck of the exterior balconies and decks that are constructed of open wood joist construction.
903.3.1.3 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems. Automatic sprinkler systems installed in one-and two-family dwellings and townhouses shall be permitted to be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13D.
903.3.2 Quick-response and residential sprinklers. Where automatic sprinkler systems are required by this code, quick-response or residential automatic sprinklers shall be installed in the following areas in accordance with Section 903.3.1 and their listings:
903.3.3 Obstructed locations. Automatic sprinklers shall be installed with due regard to obstructions that will delay activation or obstruct the water distribution pattern. Automatic sprinklers shall be installed in or under covered kiosks, displays, booths, concession stands or equipment that exceeds 4 feet (1219 mm) in width. Not less than a 3-foot (914 mm) clearance shall be maintained between automatic sprinklers and the top of piles of combustible fibers.
Exception: Kitchen equipment under exhaust hoods protected with a fire-extinguishing system in accordance with Section 904.
903.3.4 Actuation. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be automatically actuated unless specifically provided for in this code.
903.3.5 Water supplies. Water supplies for automatic sprinkler systems shall comply with this section and the standards referenced in Section 903.3.1. The potable water supply shall be protected against backflow in accordance with Health and Safety Code Section 13114.7.
903.3.5.1 Domestic services. Where the domestic service provides the water supply for the automatic sprinkler system, the supply shall be in accordance with this section.
903.3.5.1.1 Limited area sprinkler systems. Limited area sprinkler systems serving fewer than 20.
129Sprinklers on any single connection are permitted to be connected to the domestic service where a wet automatic standpipe is not available. Limited area sprinkler systems connected to domestic water supplies shall comply with each of the following requirements:
Exception: An approved indicating control valve supervised in the open position in accordance with Section 903.4.
903.3.5.1.2 Residential combination services. A single combination water supply shall be allowed provided that the domestic demand is added to the sprinkler demand as required by NFPA 13R.
903.3.5.2 Secondary water supply. A secondary on-site water supply shall be provided for high-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access in Seismic Design Category C,D,E or F as determined by this code. The secondary water supply shall have a usable capacity of not less than the hydraulically calculated sprinkler demand plus 100 gpm (0.006 m33/S) for the inside house stream allowance, for a duration of not less than 30 minutes or as determined by the sprinkler system design occupancy hazard classification in accordance with NFPA 13, whichever is greater. The Class I standpipe system demand shall not be required to be included in the secondary on-site water supply calculations. In no case shall the secondary on-site water supply be less than 15,000 gallons (56.8 m3).
Exception: Existing buildings.
903.3.6 Hose threads. Fire hose threads and fittings used in connection with automatic sprinkler systems shall be as prescribed by the fire code official.
903.3.7 Fire department connections. The location of fire department connections shall be approved by the fire code official.
903.3.8 Floor control valves. Floor control valves and waterflow detection assemblies shall be installed at each floor where any of the following occur:
Exception: Group R-3 and R-3.1 occupancies floor control valves and waterflow detection assemblies shall not be required.
903.4 Sprinkler system supervision and alarms. All valves controlling the water supply for automatic sprinkler systems, pumps, tanks, water levels and temperatures, critical air pressures and water-flow switches on all sprinkler systems shall be electrically supervised by a listed fire alarm control unit.
Exceptions:
- Automatic sprinkler systems protecting one-and two-family dwellings.
- Limited area systems serving fewer than 20 sprinklers.
- Automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with NFPA 13R where a common supply main is used to supply both deomestic water and the automatic sprinkler system, and a separate shutoff valve for the automatic sprinkler system is not provided
- Jockey pump control valves that are sealed or locked in the open position.
- Control valves to commercial kitchen hoods, paint spray booths or dip tanks that are sealed or locked in the open position.
- Valves controling the fuel supply to fire pump engines that are sealed or locked in the open position.
- Trim valves to pressure switches in dry, reaction and deluge sprinkler systems that are sealed or locked in the open position.
903.4.1 Monitoring. Alarm, supervisory and trouble signals shall be distinctly different and shall be automatically transmitted to an approved supervising station or, when approved by the fire code official, shall sound an audible signal at a constantly attended location.
Exception:
- Underground key or hub valves in roadway boxes provided by the municipality or public utility are not required to be monitored.
- Backflow prevention device test valves located in limited area sprinkler system supply piping shall be locked in the open position. In occupancies required to be equipped with a fire alarm system, the backflow preventer valves shall be electrically supervised by a tamper switch installed in accordance with NFPA 72 and separately annunciated.
903.4.2 Alarms. On exterior approved audible device shall be connected to every automatic sprinkler system in an approved location. Such sprinkler water-flow alarm devices shall be activated by water flow equivalent to the flow of a single sprinkler of the smallest orifice size installed in the system. Where a building fire alarm system is installed, actuation of the automatic sprinkler system shall actuate the building fire alarm system. Visible alarm notification appliances shall not be required except when required by Section 907.
130903.4.3 Floor control valves. Approved supervised indicating control valves shall be provided at the point of connection to the riser on each floor in high-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.
903.5 Testing and maintenance. Sprinkler systems shall be tested and maintained in accordance with Section 901.
903.6 Existing buildings. The provisions of this section are intended to provide a reasonable degree of safety in existing structures not complying with the minimum requirements of the California Building Code by requiring installation of an automatic fire-extinguishing system.
903.6.1 Pyroxylin plastics. All structures occupied for the manufacture or storage of articles of cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic shall be equipped with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system where required in Chapter 46.
903.6.2 Group I-2. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout Group I-2 fire areas where required in Chapter 46.
904.1 General. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems, other than automatic sprinkler systems, shall be designed, installed, inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this section and the applicable referenced standards.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904(a)(2)] Required Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Frequencies.
(2) Engineered and pre-engineered fixed extinguishing systems shall be inspected, tested and maintained at least semi-annually, and immediately after a system activation.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904(c)] Required Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Frequencies.
(c) Engineered and pre-engineered fixed extinguishing systems, regardless of installation date, shall be inspected, tested and maintained within the time periods specified in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 904(a)(2) above.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.7(a) through (c)] Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Requirements for Engineered and Pre-Engineered Fixed Extinguishing Systems.
Inspection, testing and maintenance shall be performed in accordance with:
904.2 Where required. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems installed as an alternative to the required automatic sprinkler systems of Section 903 shall be approved by the fire code official. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall not be considered alternatives for the purposes of exceptions or reductions allowed by other requirements of this code.
904.2.1 Commercial hood and duct systems. Each required commercial kitchen exhaust hood and duct system required by Section 609 to have a Type I hood shall be protected with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system installed in accordance with this code.
904.3 Installation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be installed in accordance with this section.
904.3.1 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring shall be in accordance with the California Electrical Code.
904.3.2 Actuation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be automatically actuated and provided with a manual means of actuation in accordance with Section 904.11.1.
904.3.3 System interlocking. Automatic equipment interlocks with fuel shutoffs, ventilation controls, door closers, window shutters, conveyor openings, smoke and heat vents, and other features necessary for proper operation of the fire-extinguishing system shall be provided as required by the design and installation standard utilized for the hazard.
904.3.4 Alarms and warning signs. Where alarms are required to indicate the operation of automatic fire-extinguishing systems, distinctive audible, visible alarms and warning signs shall be provided to warn of pending agent discharge. Where exposure to automatic-extinguishing agents poses a hazard to persons and a delay is required to ensure the evacuation of occupants before agent discharge, a separate warning signal shall be provided to alert occupants once agent discharge has begun. Audible signals shall be in accordance with Section 907.6.2.
904.3.5 Monitoring. Where a building fire alarm system is installed, automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be monitored by the building fire alarm system in accordance with NFPA 72.
904.4 Inspection and testing. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with the provisions of this section prior to acceptance.
904.4.1 Inspection. Prior to conducting final acceptance tests, the following items shall be inspected:
904.4.2 Alarm testing. Notification appliances, connections to fire alarm systems, and connections to approved supervising stations shall be tested in accordance with this section and Section 907 to verify proper operation.
904.4.2.1 Audible and visible signals. The audibility and visibility of notification appliances signaling agent discharge or system operation, where required, shall be verified.
904.4.3 Monitor testing. Connections to protected premises and supervising station fire alarm systems shall be tested to verify proper identification and retransmission of alarms from automatic fire-extinguishing systems.
904.5 Wet-chemical systems. Wet-chemical extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and NFPA 17A and their listing.
904.5.1 System test. System shall be inspected and tested for proper operation at 6-month intervals. Tests shall include a check of the detection system, alarms and releasing devices, including manual stations and other associated equipment. Extinguishing system units shall be weighed and the required amount of agent verified. Stored pressure-type units shall be checked for the required pressure. The cartridge of cartridge-operated units shall be weighed and replaced at intervals indicated by the manufacturer.
904.5.2 Fusible link maintenance. Fixed temperature-sensing elements shall be maintained to ensure proper operation of the system.
904.6 Dry-chemical systems. Dry-chemical extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and NFPA 17A and their listing.
904.6.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested for proper operation at 6-month intervals. Tests shall include a check of the detection system, alarms and releasing devices, including manual stations and other associated equipment. Extinguishing system units shall be weighed, and the required amount of agent verified. Stored pressure-type units shall be checked for the required pressure. The cartridge of cartridge-operated units shall be weighed and replaced at intervals indicated by the manufacturer.
904.6.2 Fusible link maintenance. Fixed temperature-sensing elements shall be maintained to ensure proper operation of the system.
904.7 Foam systems. Foam-extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5, NFPA 11 and NFPA 16 and their listing.
904.7.1 System test. Foam-extinguishing systems shall be inspected and tested at intervals in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5.
904.8 Carbon dioxide systems. Carbon dioxide extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and NFPA 12 and their listing.
904.8.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested for proper operation at 12-month intervals.
904.8.2 High-pressure cylinders. High-pressure cylinders shall be weighed and the date of the last hydrostatic test shall be verified at 6-month intervals. Where a container shows a loss in original content of more than 10 percent, the cylinder shall be refilled or replaced.
904.8.3 Low-pressure containers. The liquid-level gauges of low-pressure containers shall be observed at one-week intervals. Where a container shows a content loss of more than 10 percent, the container shall be refilled to maintain the minimum gas requirements.
904.8.4 System hoses. System hoses shall be examined at 12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall be replaced or tested. At five-year intervals, all hoses shall be tested.
904.8.4.1 Test procedure. Hoses shall be tested at not less than 2,500 pounds per square inch (psi) (17 238 kPa) for high-pressure systems and at not less than 900 psi (6206 kPa) for low-pressure systems.
904.8.5 Auxiliary equipment. Auxiliary and supplementary components, such as switches, door and window releases, interconnected valves, damper releases and supplementary alarms, shall be manually operated at 12-month intervals to ensure that such components are in proper operating condition.
904.9 Halon systems. Halogenated extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and NFPA 12A and their listing.
904.9.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested for proper operation at 12-month intervals.
904.9.2 Containers. The extinguishing agent quantity and pressure of containers shall be checked at 6-month intervals. Where a container shows a loss in original weight of more than 5 percent or a loss in original pressure (adjusted for temperature) of more than 10 percent, the container shall be refilled or replaced. The weight and pressure of the container shall be recorded on a tag attached to the container.
904.9.3 System hoses. System hoses shall be examined at 12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall be replaced or tested. At 5-year intervals, all hoses shall be tested.
904.9.3.1 Test procedure. For Halon 1301 systems, hoses shall be tested at not less than 1,500 psi (10 343 kPa) for 600 psi (4137 kPa) charging pressure systems and not less than 900 psi (6206 kPa) for 360 psi (2482 kPa) charging pressure systems. For Halon 1211 hand-hose line systems, hoses shall be tested at 2,500 psi (17 238 kPa) for high-pressure systems and 900 psi (6206 kPa) for low-pressure systems.
904.9.4 Auxiliary equipment. Auxiliary and supplementary components, such as switches, door and window releases, interconnected valves, damper releases and supplementary alarms, shall be manually operated at 12-month intervals to ensure such components are in proper operating condition.
904.10 Clean-agent systems. Clean-agent fire-extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and NFPA 2001 and their listing.
904.10.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested for proper operation at 12-month intervals.
904.10.2 Containers. The extinguishing agent quantity and pressure of the containers shall be checked at 6-month intervals. Where a container shows a loss in original weight of more than 5 percent or a loss in original pressure, adjusted for temperature, of more than 10 percent, the container shall be refilled or replaced. The weight and pressure of the container shall be recorded on a tag attached to the container.
904.10.3 System hoses. System hoses shall be examined at 12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall be replaced or tested. All hoses shall be tested at 5-year intervals.
904.11 Commercial cooking systems. Commercial cooking equipment that produce grease laden vapors shall be provided with a Type I Hood, in accordance with the California Mechanical Code, and an automatic fire extinguishing system that is listed and labeled for its intended use as follows:
All existing dry chemical and wet chemical extinguishing systems shall comply with UL 300.
Exception: Public schools kitchens, without deep-fat fryers, shall be upgraded to a UL 300 compliant system during state funded modernization projects that are under the jurisdiction of the Division of the State Architect.
All systems shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code, appropriate adopted standards, their listing and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
Exception: Factory-built commercial cooking recirculating systems that are tested, listed, labeled and installed in accordance with UL 710B.
904.11.1 Manual system operation. A manual actuation device shall be located at or near a means of egress from the cooking area a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) and a maximum of 20 feet (6096 mm) from the kitchen exhaust system. The manual actuation device shall be installed not more than 48 inches (1200 mm) nor less than 42 inches (1067 mm) above the floor and shall clearly identify the hazard protected. The manual actuation shall require a maximum force of 40 pounds (178 N) and a maximum movement of 14 inches (356 mm) to actuate the fire suppression system.
Exception: Automatic sprinkler systems shall not be required to be equipped with manual actuation means.
904.11.2 System interconnection. The actuation of the fire extinguishing system shall automatically shut down the fuel or electrical power supply to the cooking equipment. The fuel and electrical supply reset shall be manual.
904.11.3 Carbon dioxide systems. When carbon dioxide systems are used, there shall be a nozzle at the top of the ventilating duct. Additional nozzles that are symmetrically arranged to give uniform distribution shall be installed within vertical ducts exceeding 20 feet (6096 mm) and horizontal ducts exceeding 50 feet (15 240 mm). Dampers shall be installed at either the top or the bottom of the duct and shall be arranged to operate automatically upon activation of the fire-extinguishing system. When the damper is installed at the top of the duct, the top nozzle shall be immediately below the damper. Automatic carbon dioxide fire-extinguishing systems shall be sufficiently sized to protect all hazards venting through a common duct simultaneously.
904.11.3.1 Ventilation system. Commercial-type cooking equipment protected by an automatic carbon dioxide extinguishing system shall be arranged to shut off the ventilation system upon activation.
904.11.4 Special provisions for automatic sprinkler systems. Automatic sprinkler systems protecting commercial-type cooking equipment shall be supplied from a separate, readily accessible, indicating-type control valve that is identified.
904.11.4.1 Listed sprinklers. Sprinklers used for the protection of fryers shall be tested in accordance with UL 199E, listed for that application and installed in accordance with their listing.
904.11.5 Portable fire extinguishers for commercial cooking equipment. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided and maintained in accordance with CaliforniaCode of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 3.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §573(a) through (c)] Fire Extinguisher Size and Placement for Commercial Cooking Operations.
904.11.5.1 Portable fire extinguishers for solid fuel cooking appliances. All solid fuel cooking appliances, whether or not under a hood, with fireboxes 5 cubic feet (0.14 m3) or less in volume shall have a minimum 2.5-gallon (9 L) or two 1.5-gallon (6 L) Class K wet-
133chemical portable fire extinguishers located in accordance with Section 904.11.5.
904.11.5.2 Class K portable fire extinguishers for deep fat fryers. When hazard areas include deep fat fryers, listed Class K portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 3 and as follows:
904.11.6 Operations and maintenance. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems protecting commercial cooking systems shall be maintained in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and this section.
904.11.6.1 Existing automatic fire-extinguishing systems. Where changes in the cooking media, positioning of cooking equipment or replacement of cooking equipment occur in existing commercial cooking systems, the automatic fire-extinguishing system shall be required to comply with the applicable provisions of Sections 904.11 through 904.11.4.
904.11.6.2 Extinguishing system service. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be serviced at least every 6 months and after activation of the system. Inspection shall be by qualified individuals, and a certificate of inspection shall be forwarded to the fire code official upon completion.
904.11.6.3 Fusible link and sprinkler head replacement. Fusible links and automatic sprinkler heads shall be replaced at least annually, and other protection devices shall be serviced or replaced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Exception: Frangible bulbs are not required to be replaced annually.
905.1 General. Standpipe systems shall be provided in new buildings and structures in accordance with this section. Fire hose threads used in connection with standpipe systems shall be approved and shall be compatible with fire department hose threads. The location of fire department hose connections shall be approved. In buildings used for high-piled combustible storage, fire protection shall be in accordance with Chapter 23.
905.2 Installation standard. Standpipe systems shall be installed in accordance with this section and NFPA 14 as amended in Chapter 47.
905.3 Required installations. Standpipe systems shall be installed where required by Sections 905.3.1 through 905.3.10.1 and in the locations indicated in Sections 905.4, 905.5 and 905.6. Standpipe systems are allowed to be combined with automatic sprinkler systems.
Exception: Standpipe systems are not required in Group R-3 occupancies.
905.3.1 Height. In other than Group R-3 and R-3.1 occupancies, Class III standpipe systems shall be installed throughout at each floor where any of the following occur:
Exceptions:
- Class I standpipes are allowed in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
- Class I manual standpipes are allowed in open parking garages where the highest floor is located not more than 150 feet (45 720 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.
- Class I manual dry standpipes are allowed in open parking garages that are subject to freezing temperatures, provided that the hose connections are located as required for Class II standpipes in accordance with Section 905.5.
- Class I standpipes are allowed in basements equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system.
- In determining the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, it shall not be required to consider:
- Recessed loading docks for four vehicles or less, and
- Conditions where topography makes access from the fire department vehicle to the building impractical or impossible.
905.3.2 Group A. Class I automatic wet standpipes shall be provided in nonsprinklered Group A buildings having an occupant load exceeding 1,000 persons.
Exceptions:
- Open-air-seating spaces without enclosed spaces. 134
- Class I automatic dry and semiautomatic dry standpipes or manual wet standpipes are allowed in buildings where the highest floor surface used for human occupancy is 75 feet (22 860 mm) or less above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.
905.3.3 Covered mall buildings. A covered mall building shall be equipped throughout with a standpipe system where required by Section 905.3.1. Covered mall buildings not required to be equipped with a standpipe system by Section 905.3.1 shall be equipped with Class I hose connections connected to the automatic sprinkler system sized to deliver water at 250 gallons per minute (946.4 L/min) at the most hydraulically remote hose connection while concurrently supplying the automatic sprinkler system demand. The standpipe system shall be designed not to exceed a 50-pounds-per-square-inch (345 kPa) residual pressure loss with a flow of 250 gallons per minute (946.4 L/min) from the fire department connection to the hydraulically most remote hose connection. Hose connections shall be provided at each of the following locations:
905.3.4 Stages. Stages greater than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) in area shall be equipped with a Class III wet standpipe system with 1½-inch and 2½-inch (38 mm and 64 mm) hose connections on each side of the stage.
Exception: Where the building or area is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system, a 1½ inch (38 mm) hose connection shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13 or in accordance with NFPA 14 for Class II or III standpipes.
905.3.4.1 Hose and cabinet. The 1½-inch (38 mm) hose connections shall be equipped with sufficient lengths of 1½-inch (38 mm) hose to provide fire protection for the stage area. Hose connections shall be equipped with an approved adjustable fog nozzle and be mounted in a cabinet or on a rack.
905.3.5 Underground buildings. Underground buildings shall be equipped throughout with a Class I automatic wet or manual wet standpipe system.
905.3.6 Helistops and heliports. Buildings with a helistop or heliport that are equipped with a standpipe shall extend the standpipe to the roof level on which the helistop or heliport is located in accordance with Section 1107.5.
905.3.7 Marinas and boatyards. Standpipes in marinas and boatyards shall comply with Chapter 45.
905.3.8 Smokeproof enclosures. For smokeproof enclosures see California Building Code, Section 909.20.
905.3.9 Group I-3. Housing units within cell complexes where 50 or more inmates are restrained, shall be provided with Class I wet standpipes. In addition, Class I wet standpipes shall be located so that it will not be necessary to extend hose lines through interlocking security doors and any doors in smoke-barrier walls, horizontal fire walls or fire barrier walls. Standpipes located in cell complexes may be placed in secured pipe chases.
905.3.10 Fixed guideway transit systems. Underground stations shall be provided with a class III standpipe system designed to comply with the following:
905.4 Location of Class I standpipe hose connections. Class I standpipe hose connections shall be provided in all of the following locations:
Exception: Where floor areas adjacent to a horizontal exit are reachable from exit stairway hose connections by a nozzle attached to 100 feet (30 480 mm) of hose as measured along the path of travel, a hose connection shall not be required at the horizontal exit.
Exception: Where floor areas floor adjacent to an exit passageway are reachable from exit stairway hose connections by a 30-foot (9144 mm) hose stream from a nozzle attached to 100 feet (30 480 mm) of hose, a hose connection shall not be required at the entrance from the exit passageway to other areas of the building.
905.4.1 Protection. Risers and laterals of Class I standpipe systems not located within an enclosed stairway or pressurized enclosure shall be protected by a degree of fire resistance equal to that required for vertical enclosures in the building in which they are located.
Exception: In buildings equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system, laterals that are not located within an enclosed stairway or pressurized enclosure are not required to be enclosed within fire-resistance-rated construction.
905.4.2 Interconnection. In buildings where more than one standpipe is provided, the standpipes shall be interconnected in accordance with NFPA 14.
905.5 Location of Class II standpipe hose connections. Class II standpipe hose connections shall be accessible and shall be located so that all portions of the building are within 30 feet (9144 mm) of a listed variable stream fog nozzle attached to 100 feet (30 480 mm) of hose.
905.5.1 Groups A-1 and A-2. In Group A-1 and A-2 occupancies with occupant loads of more than 1,000, hose connections shall be located on each side of any stage, on each side of the rear of the auditorium, on each side of the balcony, and on each tier of dressing rooms.
905.5.2 Protection. Fire-resistance-rated protection of risers and laterals of Class II standpipe systems is not required.
905.5.3 Class II system 1-inch hose. A minimum 1-inch (25 mm) hose shall be allowed to be used for hose stations in light-hazard occupancies where investigated and listed for this service and where approved by the fire code official.
905.6 Location of Class III standpipe hose connections. Class III standpipe systems shall have hose connections located as required for Class I standpipes in Section 905.4 and shall have Class II hose connections as required in Section 905.5.
905.6.1 Protection. Risers and laterals of Class III standpipe systems shall be protected as required for Class I systems in accordance with Section 905.4.1.
905.6.2 Interconnection. In buildings where more than one Class III standpipe is provided, the standpipes shall be interconnected in accordance with NFPA 14.
905.7 Cabinets. Cabinets containing fire-fighting equipment, such as standpipes, fire hose, fire extinguishers or fire department valves, shall not be blocked from use or obscured from view.
905.7.1 Cabinet equipment identification. Cabinets shall be identified in an approved manner by a permanently attached sign with letters not less than 2 inches (51 mm) high in a color that contrasts with the background color, indicating the equipment contained therein.
Exceptions:
- Doors not large enough to accommodate a written sign shall be marked with a permanently attached pictogram of the equipment contained therein.
- Doors that have either an approved visual identification clear glass panel or a complete glass door panel are not required to be marked.
905.7.2 Locking cabinet doors. Cabinets shall be unlocked.
Exceptions:
- Visual identification panels of glass or other approved transparent frangible material that is easily broken and allows access.
- Approved locking arrangements.
- Group I-3 occupancies.
905.8 Dry standpipes. Dry standpipes shall not be installed.
Exception: Where subject to freezing and in accordance with NFPA 14.
905.9 Valve supervision. Valves controlling water supplies shall be supervised in the open position so that a change in the normal position of the valve will generate a supervisory signal at the supervising station required by Section 903.4. Where a fire alarm system is provided, a signal shall also be transmitted to the control unit.
Exceptions:
- Valves to underground key or hub valves in roadway boxes provided by the municipality or public utility do not require supervision.
- Valves locked in the normal position and inspected as provided in this code in buildings not equipped with a fire alarm system.
905.10 During construction. Standpipe systems required during construction and demolition operations shall be provided in accordance with Section 1413.
905.11 Existing buildings. Where required in Chapter 46, existing structures shall be equipped with standpipes installed in accordance with Section 905.
906.1 Where required. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in the following locations.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.29 (a) through (d)] Portable Fire Extinguishing Equipment.
Exception: Platforms 1000 square feet (93 m2) or less in area need have only one such extinguishing unit.
Exception: One 20–B: C unit (not less than 8–B: C for existing extinguishers in existing occupancies) in each projection room may be accepted as providing substantially equal protection.
SECTION | SUBJECT |
---|---|
303.5 | Asphalt kettles |
307.5 | Open burning |
308.1.3 | Open flames—torches |
309.4 | Powered industrial trucks |
1105.2 | Aircraft towing vehicles |
1105.3 | Aircraft welding apparatus |
1105.4 | Aircraft fuel-servicing tank vehicles |
1105.5 | Aircraft hydrant fuel-servicing vehicles |
1105.6 | Aircraft fuel-dispensing stations |
1107.7 | Heliports and helistops |
1208.4 | Dry cleaning plants |
1415.1 | Buildings under construction or demolition |
1417.3 | Roofing operations |
1504.4.1 | Spray-finishing operations |
1505.4.2 | Dip-tank operations |
1506.4.2 | Power-coating areas |
1904.2 | Lumberyards/woodworking facilities |
1908.8 | Recycling facilities |
1909.5 | Exterior lumber storage |
2003.5 | Organic-coating areas |
2106.3 | Industrial ovens |
2205.5 | Motor fuel-dispensing facilities |
2210.6.4 | Marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities |
2211.6 | Repair garages |
2306.10 | Rack storage |
2404.12 | Tents and membrane structures |
2508.2 | Tire rebuilding/storage |
2604.2.6 | Welding and other hot work |
2903.6 | Combustible fibers |
3403.2.1 | Flammable and combustible liquids, general |
3404.3.3.1 | Indoor storage of flammable and combustible liquids |
3404.3.7.5.2 | Liquid storage rooms for flammable and combustible liquids |
3405.4.9 | Solvent distillation units |
3406.2.7 | Farms and construction sites—flammable and combustible liquids storage |
3406.4.10.1 | Bulk plants and terminals for flammable and combustible liquids |
3406.5.4.5 | Commercial, industrial, governmental or manufacturing establishments—fuel dispensing |
3406.6.4 | Tank vehicles for flammable and combustible liquids |
3606.5.7 | Flammable solids |
3808.2 | LP-gas |
4504.4 | Marinas |
(d) Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies. In Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies a continuously attached garden hose, equipped with a water flow control nozzle, may be provided in lieu of one or more required fire extinguishers when acceptable to the enforcing agency. The location and length of such hose shall be as designated or approved by the enforcing agency.
Note: It is recommended that wherever possible portable fire extinguishers be located adjacent to manual fire alarm sending stations.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §565(a)] Selection of Fire Extinguishers.
906.2 General requirements. Portable fire extinguishers shall be selected, installed and maintained in accordance with this section and California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 3.
Exceptions:
- The travel distance to reach and extinguisher shall not apply to the spectator seating portions of Group A-5 occupancies.
- Thirty-day inspections shall not be required for portable fire extinguishers that are supervised by a listed and approved electronic monitoring device, provided that all of the following conditions are met:
- Electronic monitoring shall confirm that extinguishers are properly positioned, properly charged and unobstructed.
- Loss of power or circuit continuity to the electronic monitoring device shall initiate a trouble signal.
- The extinguishers shall be installed inside of a building or cabinet in a noncorrosive environment.
- Electronic monitoring devices and supervisory circuits shall be tested when extinguisher maintenance is performed.
- A written log of required hydrostatic test dates for extinguishers shall be maintained by the owner to verify that hydrostatic tests are conducted at the frequency required by California Code of Regulations, Title 19 Division 1, Chapter 3.
- In Group I-3, portable fire extinguishers shall be permitted to be located at staff locations.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, § 565.1(a) through (c)] Classification of Hazards.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, § 565.2(a) through (e)] Selection by Hazard.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §566(a) through (f)] Application for Specific Hazards.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §567.8] Installation Temperatures.
Water-type (water, AFFF, FFFP) extinguishers shall not be installed in areas where temperatures are outside the range of 40°F to 120°F (4°C to 49°C). Other types shall not be installed in areas where temperatures are outside the range of –40°F to 120°F (–40°C to 49°C). Fire extinguishers shall not be exposed to temperatures outside of the range shown on the fire extinguisher label.
Exceptions:
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §574.1] Frequency of Inspection.
Fire extinguishers shall be manually inspected when initially placed in service. Thereafter extinguishers shall be manually inspected at least monthly by the building owner, occupant, or his/her authorized agent or electronically monitored. Fire extinguishers shall be inspected at more frequent intervals when circumstances require as determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1,§574.2] Inspection Procedures.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §567.1] Operating Conditions.
Portable extinguishers shall be maintained in a fully charged and operable condition, and kept in their designated places at all times when they are not being used.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §574.3] Corrective Action.
When an inspection of any extinguisher reveals a deficiency in any of the conditions listed in Title 19, Division 1, Sections 574.2(b)(c), immediate corrective action shall be taken.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §574.4] Nonrechargeable Extinguishers.
When an inspection of any nonrechargeable fire extinguisher reveals a deficiency in any of the conditions listed in (3), (4), (5), (6), (7) or (9) of Title 19, Division 1, Section 574.2(b), it shall be discharged and removed from service.
Exception: Nonrechargeable extinguishers containing a halon agent shall be removed from service, not discharged, and returned to the manufacturer or local fire extinguisher distributor having the capability of recovering the halon agent.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §575.10] Out of Service.
Fire extinguishers removed from service for maintenance or recharge shall be replaced by fire extinguishers suitable for the type of hazard protected and shall be of at least equal rating.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §591.5] Replacement Extinguishers.
Portable fire extinguishers shall not be removed from the premises for hydrostatic testing or any other purpose, without first replacing the extinguisher with a unit rated for the hazard being protected. The customer's original unit shall be returned within 60 calendar days.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §596.7 (a) and (b)]Removal of Tag.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §574.5(a) through (c)] Inspection Record Keeping.
906.3 Size and distribution. The size and distribution of portable fire extinguishers shall be in accordance with Sections 906.3.1 through 906.3.4.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §567(a) through (k)] Distribution of Fire Extinguishers.
Exception: In large rooms, and in certain locations where visual obstruction cannot be completely avoided, means shall be proved to indicate the fire extinguisher's location.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §568(a) through (e)] Fire Extinguisher Size and Placement for Class A Hazards.
LIGHT (Low) HAZARD OCCUPANCY | ORDINARY (Moderate) HAZARD OCCUPANCY | EXTRA (High) HAZARD OCCUPANCY | |
---|---|---|---|
*Two 2½ gal (9.46L) water type extinguishers can be used to fulfill the requirement of one 4-A rated extinguisher. | |||
Note: 1 ft = 0.305 m, 1 sq ft =0.0929 m2 | |||
Minimum rated single extinguisher | 2-A | 2-A | 4-A* |
Maximum floor area per unit of A | 3,000 sq ft | 1,500 sq ft | 1,000 sq ft |
Maximum floor area for extinguisher | 11,250 sq ft | 11,250 sq ft | 11,250 sq ft |
Maximum travel distance to extinguisher | 75 ft | 75 ft | 75 ft |
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §569(a) through (c)] Fire Extinguisher Size and Placement for Class B Fires Other than for Fires in Flammable Liquids of Appreciable Depth.
Exception: Extinguishers of lesser rating, desired for small specific hazards within the general hazard area, may be used, but shall not be considered as fulfilling any part of the requirements of California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 569, Table 3.
TITLE 19, DIVISION 1, SECTION 569, TABLE 3 TYPE OF
HAZARDBASIC MINIMUM EXTINGUISHER RATING MAXIMUM TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXTINGUISHERS (in feet) (in meters) Notes: 1. The specified rating does not imply that fires of the magnitudes indicated by these ratings will occur, but rather to give the operators more time and agent to handle difficult spill fires that may occur. 2. For fires involving water soluble flammable liquids see California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 566(d). 3. For specific hazard applications see California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 566. Light 5B 30 9.15 (low) 10B 50 15.25 Ordinary 10B 30 9.15 (moderate) 20B 50 15.25 Extra 40B 30 9.15 (high) 80B 50 15.25
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §570(a) through (e)]. Fire Extinguisher Size and Placement for Class B Fires in Flammable Liquids of Appreciable Depth.
Exception: Where personnel who are trained in extinguishing fires in the protected hazards are available on the premises, the maximum surface area shall not exceed 20 square feet (1.86 m2).
Exception: AFFF or FFFP type extinguishers may be provided on the basis of a 1B rating of protection per square feet of hazard.
Exception: Up to three AFFF or FFFP extinguishers may be used to fulfill the requirements provided the sum of the Class B ratings meets or exceeds the value required for the largest hazard area.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §571(a)] Fire Extinguisher Size and Placement for Class C Hazards.
Note: Electrical equipment should be de-energized as soon as possible to prevent reigniting.
LIGHT (Low) HAZARD OCCUPANCY | ORDINARY (Moderate) HAZARD OCCUPANCY | EXTRA (High) HAZARD OCCUPANCY | |
---|---|---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. | |||
a. Two 2½-gallon water-type extinguishers shall be deemed the equivalent of one 4-A rated extinguisher. | |||
b. California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 3 concerning application of the maximum floor area criteria. | |||
c. Two water-type extinguishers each with a 1-A rating shall be deemed the equivalent of one 2-A rated extinguisher for Light (Low) Hazard Occupancies. | |||
Minimum Rated Single Extinguisher | 2-Ac | 2-A | 4-Aa |
Maximum Floor Area Per Unit of A | 3,000 square feet | 1,500 square feet | 1,000 square feet |
Maximum Floor Area For Extinguisherb | 11,250 square feet | 11,250 square feet | 11,250 square feet |
Maximum Travel Distance to Ex inguisher | 75 feet | 75 feet | 75 feet |
906.3.1 Class A fire hazards. Portable fire extinguishers for occupancies that involve primarily Class A fire hazards, the minimum sizes and distribution shall comply with Table 906.3(1).
906.3.2 Class B fire hazards. Portable fire extinguishers for occupancies involving flammable or combustible liquids with depths of less than or equal to 0.25-inch (6.35 mm) shall be selected and placed in accordance with Table 906.3(2).
Portable fire extinguishers for occupancies involving flammable or combustible liquids with a depth of greater than 0.25-inch (6.35 mm) shall be selected and placed in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19,Division 1, Chapter 3.
TYPE OF HAZARD | BASIC MINIMUM EXTINGUISHER RATING | MAXIMUM TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXTINGUISHERS (feet) |
---|---|---|
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | ||
Note: For requirements on water-soluble flammable liquids and alternative sizing criteria, see California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 3. | ||
Light (Low) | 5-B | 30 |
10-B | 50 | |
Ordinary (Moderate) | 10-B | 30 |
20-B | 50 | |
Extra (High) | 40-B | 80-B |
30 | 50 |
906.3.3 Class C fire hazards. Portable fire extinguishers for Class C fire hazards shall be selected and placed on the basis of the anticipated Class A or B hazard.
906.3.4 Class D fire hazards. Portable fire extinguishers for occupancies involving combustible metals shall be selected and placed in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 3.
906.4 Cooking grease fires. Fire extinguishers provided for the protection of cooking grease fires shall be of an approved type compatible with the automatic fire-extinguishing system agent and in accordance with Section 904.11.5.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §573(a) through (c)] Fire Extinguisher Size and Placement for Commercial Cooking Operations.
906.5 Conspicuous location. Portable fire extinguishers shall be located in conspicuous locations where they will be readily accessible and immediately available for use. These locations shall be along normal paths of travel, unless the fire code official determines that the hazard posed indicates the need for placement away from normal paths of travel.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §567.5] Physical Damage Protection.
Extinguishers installed under conditions where they are subject to physical damage, (e.g., from impact, vibration, the environment) shall be adequately protected.
906.6 Unobstructed and unobscured. Portable fire extinguishers shall not be obstructed or obscured from view. In rooms or areas in which visual obstruction cannot be completely avoided, means shall be provided to indicate the locations of extinguishers.
906.7 Hangers and brackets. Hand-held portable fire extinguishers, not housed in cabinets, shall be installed on the hangers or brackets supplied. Hangers or brackets shall be securely anchored to the mounting surface in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §567.3] Installation.
Portable fire extinguishers other than wheeled types shall be securely installed on the hanger or in the bracket supplied or placed in cabinets or wall recesses. The hanger or bracket shall be securely and properly anchored to the mounting surface in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Wheeled-type fire extinguishers shall be located in a designated locations.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §567.4] Brackets.
Extinguishers installed under conditions where they are subject to dislodgement shall be installed in brackets specifically designed to cope with this problem.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §567.6] Mounting.
Fire extinguishers having a gross weight not exceeding 40 ibs (18.14 kg) shall be installed so that the top of the fire extinguisher is not more than 5 feet (1.53 m) above the floor. Fire extinguishers having a gross weight greater than 40 ibs (18.14 kg) (except wheeled types) shall be so installed that the top of the fire extinguisher is not more than 3-½ feet (1.07 m) above the floor. In no case shall the clearance between the bottom of the extinguisher and the floor be less than 4 inches (10.2 cm).
906.8 Cabinets. Cabinets used to house portable fire extinguishers shall not be locked.
Exceptions:
- Where portable fire extinguishers subject to malicious use or damage are provided with a means of ready access.
- In Group I-3 occupancies and in mental health areas in Group I-2 occupancies, access to portable fire extinguishers shall be permitted to be locked or to be located in staff locations provided the staff has keys.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §567.2] Cabinets.
Cabinets housing extinguishers shall not be locked.
Exception: Where extinguishers are subject to malicious use, locked cabinets may be used provided they include a means of emergency access and are approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §567.7] Sealed Cabinets.
Where extinguishes are installed in closed cabinets, which are exposed to elevated temperatures, the cabinets shall be provided with screened openings and drains.
906.9 Extinguisher installation. The installation of portable fire extinguishers shall be in accordance with Sections 906.9.1 through 906.9.3.
906.9.1 Extinguishers weighing 40 pounds or less. Portable fire extinguishers having a gross weight not exceeding 40 pounds (18 kg) shall be installed so that their tops are not more than 5 feet (1524 mm) above the floor.
906.9.2 Extinguishers weighing more than 40 pounds. Hand-held portable fire extinguishers having a gross weight exceeding 40 pounds (18 kg) shall be installed so that their tops are not more than 3.5 feet (1067 mm) above the floor.
906.9.3 Floor clearance. The clearance between the floor and the bottom of installed hand-held portable fire extinguishers shall not be less than 4 inches (102 mm).
906.10 Wheeled units. Wheeled fire extinguishers shall be conspicuously located in a designated location.
143907.1 General. This section covers the application, installation, performance and maintenance of fire alarm systems and their components in new and existing buildings and structures. The requirements of Section 907.2 are applicable to new buildings and structures. The requirements of Section 907.3 are applicable to existing buildings and structures.
907.1.1 Construction documents.Construction documents for fire alarm systems shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code, the California Building Code, and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations, as determined by the fire code official.
907.1.2 Fire alarm shop drawings. Shop drawings for fire alarm systems shall be submitted for review and approval prior to system installation, and shall include, but not be limited to, all of the following:
Exception: Other symbols are allowed where approved by the enforcing agency.
907.1.3 Equipment. Systems and components shall be California State Fire Marshal listed and approved in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 for the purpose for which they are installed.
907.1.4 Fire-walls and fire barrier walls. For the purpose of Section 907 fire walls and fire barrier walls shall not define separate buildings.
907.1.5 Fire alarm use. A fire alarm system shall not be used for any purpose other than fire warning or mass notification and where permitted by NFPA 72.
907.2 Where required—new buildings and structures. An approved fire alarm system installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFPA 72 shall be provided in new buildings and structures in accordance with Sections 907.2.1 through 907.2.23 and provide occupant notification in accordance with Section 907.6, unless other requirements are provided by another section of this code.
A minimum of one manual fire alarm box shall be provided in an approved location to initiate a fire alarm signal for fire alarm systems employing automatic fire detectors or water-flow detection devices. Where other sections of this code allow elimination of fire alarm boxes due to sprinklers or automatic fire alarm systems, a single fire alarm box shall be installed at a location approved by the enforcing agency.
Exceptions:
- The manual fire alarm box is not required for fire alarm control unitsdedicated to elevator recall control, supervisory service and fire sprinkler monitoring.
- The manual fire alarm box is not required for Group R-2 occupancies unless required by the fire code official to provide a means for fire watch personnel to initiate an alarm during a sprinkler system impairment event. Where provided, the manual fire alarm box shall not be located in an area that is accessible to the public.
- The manual fire alarm box is not required to be installed when approved by the fire code official.
907.2.1 Group A. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in Group A occupancies having an occupant load of 300 or more.
Portions of Group E occupancies occupied for assembly purposes with an occupant load of less than 1,000 shall be provided with a fire alarm system as required for the Group E occupancy.
Every Group A building used for educational purposes shall be provided with a manual or automatic fire alarm system. This provision shall apply to, but shall not necessarily be limited to, every community college and university.
Exceptions:
- Privately owned trade or vocational schools or any firm or company which provides educational facilities and instructions for its employees.
- Manual fire alarm boxes are not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the occupant notification appliances will activate throughout the notification zones upon sprinkler water flow.
907.2.1.1 System initiation in Group A occupancies with an occupant load of 1,000 or more. Activation of the fire alarm in Group A occupancies with an occupant load of 1,000 or more shall initiate a signal using an emergency voice/alarm communications system in accordance with 907.6.2.2.Group A occupancies with
144an occupant load of 10,000 or more, see Section 907.2.1.2.
Exception: Where approved, the prerecorded announcement is allowed to be manually deactivated for a period of time, not to exceed 3 minutes, for the sole purpose of allowing a live voice announcement from an approved,constantly attended location.
907.2.1.2 Public address system. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13108.9, for all buildings or structures constructed on or after July 1, 1991, which are intended for public assemblies of 10,000 or more persons a public address system with an emergency backup power system shall be required.
907.2.2 Group B. A manual fire alarm system shall be installed in Group B occupancies where one of the following conditions exists:
Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes are not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the occupant notification appliances will activate throughout the notification zones upon sprinkler water flow.
907.2.2.1 Group B ambulatory health care facilities. Fire areas containing Group B ambulatory health care facilities shall be provided with an electronically supervised automatic smoke detection system installed within the ambulatory health care facility and in public use areas outside of tenant spaces, including public corridors and elevator lobbies.
Exception: Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 provided the occupant notification appliances will activate throughout the notification zones upon sprinkler water flow.
907.2.2.2 Group B Educational facilities. Every Group B building used for educational purposes shall be provided with a manual or automatic fire alarm system. This provision shall apply to, but shall not necessarily be limited to, every community college and university.
Exception: Privately owned trade or vocational schools or any firm or company which provides educational facilities and instructions for its employees.
907.2.3 Group E. A manual and automatic fire alarm system shall be installed in Group E occupancies with an occupant load of 50 or more persons or containing more than one classroom or one or more rooms used for day-care purposes, in accordance with this section.
Where automatic sprinkler systems or automatic detectors are installed, such systems or detectors shall be connected to the building fire alarm system.
Exceptions:
- Manual fire alarm boxes shall not be required in Group E occupancies where an approved automatic fire alarm system installed in accordance with this section, and manual activation is provided from a normally occupied location.
- Manual fire alarm boxes shall not be required in Group E occupancies where the building is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, the occupant notification appliances will activate on sprinkler water flow and manual activation is provided from a normally occupied location.
907.2.3.1 System connection. Where more than one fire alarm control unit is used at the school campus, they shall be interconnected and shall operate all notifications appliances.
Exception: Interconnection of fire alarm control units is not required when all the following are provided:
- Buildings that are separated a minimum of 20 feet (6096 mm) and in accordance with the California Building Code, and
- There is a method of two way communication between each classroom and the school administrative office approved by the fire enforcing agency, and
- A method of manual activation of each fire alarm system is provided.
907.2.3.2 Assemblies located within a Group E occupancy. Assembly occupancies with an occupant load of less than 1,000 and located within a Group E occupancy campus or building shall be provided with a fire alarm system as required for the Group E occupancy.
907.2.3.3 Notification. The fire alarm system notification shall comply with the requirements of Section 907.6.
907.2.3.4 Annunciation. Annunciation of the fire alarm system shall comply with the requirements of Section 907.7.3.1.
907.2.3.5 Monitoring. School fire alarm systems shall be monitored in accordance with Section 907.7.5.2.
907.2.3.6 Automatic fire alarm system. Automatic detection shall be provided in accordance with this section.
907.2.3.6.1 Smoke detectors. Smoke detectors shall be installed at the ceiling of every room and in “ceiling-plenums” utilized for environmental air. Where the ceiling is attached directly to the underside of the roof structure, smoke detectors shall be installed on the ceiling only.
145Exception: Where the environment or ambient conditions exceed smoke detector installation guidelines; heat detectors or fire sprinklers shall be used.
907.2.3.6.2 Heat detectors. Heat detectors shall be installed in combustible spaces where sprinklers or smoke detectors are not installed.
907.2.3.7 Public school.
907.2.3.7.1 New public school campus. An automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in all new public school campus as defined in Section 202 regardless of occupancy classifications.
907.2.3.7.2 Modernization project. An automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in all modernization projects as defined in Section 202.
907.2.3.7.3 Permanent-portable buildings. An automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in all new public school Permanent-Portable Buildings.
Exception: Exempted Portable Buildings
907.2.3.7.4. Permanent-portable Building Modernization Project. An automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in permanent-portable buildings which to undergo a modernization project.
Exception: Exempted portable buildings
907.2.3.7.5 Day-care, Group E or Group 1-4 located on a public school campus. An automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in all buildings used as or containing a Group E or Group I-4 day-care.
907.2.3.8 Private schools. An automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in new buildings of private schools.
Exception: Automatic detection devices are not required where an approved automatic sprinkler system is installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the occupant notification appliances will activate on sprinkler water flow and manual activation is provided from a normally occupied location.
907.2.3.9 Day-care, Group E.
907.2.3.9.1 An automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in all buildings used as or containing a Group E day-care.
Exception: Automatic detection devices are not required where an approved automatic sprinkler system is installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the occupant notification appliances will activate on sprinkler water flow and manual activation is provided from a normally occupied location.
907.2.3.9.2 Smoke detectors shall be installed in every room used for sleeping or napping.
907.2.4 Group F. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in Group F occupancies where both of the following conditions exist:
Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes are not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the occupant notification appliances will activate throughout the notification zones upon sprinkler water flow.
907.2.5 Group H. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system shall be installed in Group H-5 occupancies and in occupancies used for the manufacture of organic coatings. An automatic smoke detection system that activates the occupant notification system shall be installed for highly toxic gases, organic peroxides and oxidizers in accordance with Chapters 37, 39 and 40, respectively.
907.2.5.1 Group H occupancies located above the 10th story. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be required on each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier and at each exit above the 10th story.
907.2.6 Group I. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system shall be installed in Group I occupancies. An automatic smoke detection system that activates the occupant notification system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.6.1 through 907.2.6.3.3.
Exceptions:
907.2.6.1 Group I.1. Reserved.
907.2.6.1.1 Smoke alarms. Single-and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in accordance with Section 907.2.11.
907.2.6.2 Group I-2 and Group I-2.1. A manual and automatic fire alarm system shall be installed in Group I-2 and I-2.1 occupancies. Where automatic fire suppression systems or smoke detectors are installed, such systems or detectors shall be connected to the building fire alarm system.
146Exception: Where an entire facility is used for the housing of persons, none of whom are physically or mentally handicapped or nonambulatory, and are
between the ages of 18 and 64, the buildings or structures comprising such facility shall be exempt from the provisions of this subsection relating to the installation of an automatic fire alarm system.
907.2.6.2.1 Notification. The fire alarm notification system shall be in accordance with Section 907.6.2.5.
907.2.6.2.2 Automatic fire detection. Smoke detectors shall be provided in accordance with this section.
Exception:In patient and client rooms equipped with existing automatic door closers having integral smoke detector, the integral detector is allowed to substitute for the room smoke detector, provided it meets all the required alerting functions.
907.2.6.3 Group I-3 occupancies. Group I-3 occupancies shall be equipped with a manual fire alarm system and automatic smoke detection system installed for alerting staff.
907.2.6.3.1 System initiation. Actuation of an automatic fire-extinguishing system, a manual fire alarm box or a fire detector shall initiate an approved fire alarm signal which automatically notifies staff.
907.2.6.3.2 Manual fire alarm boxes. Manual fire alarm boxes are not required to be located in accordance with Section 907.5.2 where the fire alarm boxes are provided at staff-attended locations having direct supervision over areas where manual fire alarm boxes have been omitted.
907.2.6.3.2.1 Manual fire alarms boxes in detainee areas. Manual fire alarm boxes are allowed to be locked in areas occupied by detainees, provided that staff members are present within the subject area and have keys readily availabele to operate the manual fire alarm boxes.
907.2.6.3.3 Automatic smoke detection system. An automatic smoke detection system shall be installed throughout resident housing areas, including sleeping units and contiguous day rooms, group activity spaces and other common spaces normally accessible to inmates.
Exceptions:
- Other approved smoke detection arrangements may be used to prevent damage or tampering or for other purposes provided the function of detecting any fire is fulfilled and the location of the detectors is such that the speed of detection will be equivalent to that provided by the spacing and location required in accordance with NFPA 72 as referenced in Chapter 47. This may include the location of detectors in return air ducts from cells, behind grilles or in other locations. Sport type, combination duct and open area smoke detectors may be used when located not more than 14 inches (356 mm) from the return air grill. For initiation and annunciation purposes, these detectors may be combined in groups of four. The fire code official having jurisdiction, however, must approve the proposed equivalent performance of the design.
- For Department of Corrections, prison cell or cell complex automatic smoke detection system shall not be required when all of the following conditions are met:
- All rooms, including the inmate cells are provided with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
- Building is continuously staffed by a correctional officer at all times.
- The exception to Section 903.2.6.2 shall not apply.
907.2.6.3.4 System annunciation. A staff alerting fire alarm shall sound at all staff control stations on the floor of activation and an audible and visual signal shall be indicated on an annunciator at the facility control center upon activation of any automatic extinguishing system, automatic detection system, or any smoke detector or manual actuating or initiating device. In addition, where there are staff-control stations on the floor, an audible, visual and manual alarm shall be located in each staff control station.
Fire and trouble signals of fire alarm systems and sprinkler water-flow and supervisory signals of extinguishing systems shall be annunciated in an area designated as the facility control center which shall be constantly attended by staff personnel. All such signals shall produce both an audible signal and visual display at the facility control center indicating the building, floor zone or other designated area from which the signal originated in accordance with Section 907.7.3.
All local detention facilities within the scope of Section 6031.4 of the Penal Code shall have an automatic
147smoke detection system. A manual fire alarm-initiating device shall be installed in all guard control stations and shall be capable of alerting personnel in a central control point to the presence of fire or smoke within the facility.
907.2.6.4 Large family day-care. Every large family day-care home shall be provided with at least one manual device at a location approved by the enforcing agency. Such device shall actuate a fire alarm signal, which shall be audible throughout the facility at a minimum level of 15 db above ambient noise level. These devices need not be interconnected to any other fire alarm device, have a control panel or be electrically supervised or provided with emergency power. Such device or devices shall be attached to the structure and may be of any type acceptable to the enforcing agency, provided that such devices are distinctive in tone and are audible throughout the structure.
907.2.7 Group M. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in Group M occupancies where one of the following conditions exists:
Exceptions:
- A manual fire alarm system is not required in covered mall buildings complying with Section 402 of the California Building Code.
- Manual fire alarm boxes are not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the occupant notification appliances will automatically activate throughout the notification zones upon sprinkler water flow.
907.2.7.1 Occupant notification. During times that the building is occupied, the initiation of a signal from a manual fire alarm box or from a water flow switch shall not be required to activate the alarm notification appliances when an alarm signal is activated at a constantly attended location from which evacuation instructions shall be initiated over an emergency voice/alarm communication system installed in accordance with Section 907.6.2.2.
907.2.8 Group R-1. Fire alarm systems and smoke alarms shall be installed in Group R-1 occupancies as required in Sections 907.2.8.1 through 907.2.8.3.
907.2.8.1 Manual fire alarm system. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in Group R-1 occupancies.
Exceptions:
- A manual fire alarm system is not required in buildings not more than two stories in height where all individual sleeping units and contiguous attic and crawl spaces to those units are separated from each other and public or common areas by at least 1-hour fire partitions and each individual sleeping unit has an exit directly to a public way, exit court or yard.
- Manual fire alarm boxes are not required throughout the building when the following conditions are met:
- The building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2;
- The notification appliances will activate upon sprinkler water flow; and
- At least one manual fire alarm box is installed at an approved location.
907.2.8.2 Automatic smoke detection system. An automatic smoke detection system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed throughout all interior corridors serving sleeping units.
Exception: An automatic smoke detection system is not required in buildings that do not have interior corridors serving sleeping units and where each sleeping units has a means of egress door opening directly to an exit. or to an exterior exit access that leads directly to an exit.
907.2.8.3 Smoke alarms. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in accordance with Section 907.2.11.
907.2.9 Group R-2 and R-2.1. Fire alarm systems and smoke alarms shall be installed in Group R-2 and R-2.1 occupancies as required in Section 907.2.9.1 and 907.9.3.
907.2.9.1 Manual fire alarm system. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in Group R-2 occupancies where:
Exceptions:
- A fire alarm system is not required in buildings not more than two stories in height where all dwelling unit or sleeping units and contiguous attic and crawl spaces are separated from each 148 other and public or common areas by at least 1-hour fire partitions and each dwelling unit or sleeping unit has an exit directly to a public way, exit court or yard.
- Manual fire alarm boxes are not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and the occupant notification appliances will automatically activate throughout the notification zones upon a sprinkler water flow.
- A fire alarm system is not required in buildings that do not have interior corridors serving dwelling units and are protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, provided that dwelling units either have a means of egress door opening directly to an exterior exit access that leads directly to the exit or the served by open-ended corridors designed in accordance with Section 1026.6, Exception 4.
907.2.9.2 Smoke alarms. Single-and multiple-station smoke alarm shall be installed in accordance with Section 907.2.11.
907.2.9.3 Licensed Group R-2.1 occupancies. Licensed Group R-2.1 occupancies housing more than six non-ambulatory, elderly clients shall be provided with an approved manual and automatic fire alarm system.
Exceptions: Buildings housing non-ambulatory clients on the first story only and which are protected throughout by the following:
- An approved and supervised automatic sprinkler system, as specified in Sections 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, which upon activation will initiate the fire alarm system to notify all occupants.
- A manual fire alarm system.
- Smoke alarms required by Section 907.2.11.
907.2.10 Group R-4. Fire alarm systems and smoke alarms shall be installed in Group R-4 occupancies as required in Section 907.2.10.1 through 907.2.10.3.
907.2.10.1 Manual fire alarm system. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notifications system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in Group R-4 occupancies.
Exceptions:
- A manual fire alarm system is not required in buildings not more than two stories in height where all individual sleeping units and contiguous attic and crawl spaces to those units are separated from each other and public or common areas by at least 1-hour fire partitions and each individual sleeping unit has an exit directly to a public way, exit court or yard.
- Manual fire alarm boxes are not required throughout the building when the following conditions are met:
- The building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler systeminstalled in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2;
- The notification appliances will activate upon sprinkler water flow; and
- At least one manual fire alarm box is installed at an approved location.
- Manual fire alarm boxes in resident or patient sleeping areas shall not be required at exits where located at all nurses' control stations or other constantly attended staff locations, provided such stations are visible and continuously accessible and that travel distances required in Section 907.5.2.1 are not exceeded.
907.2.10.2 Automatic smoke detection system. An automatic smoke detection system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in corridors, waiting areas open to corridors and habitable spaces other than sleeping units and kitchens.
Exceptions:
- Smoke detection in habitable spaces is not required where the facility is equipped throughout with anautomatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
- An automatic smoke detection system is not required in buildings that do not have interior corridors serving sleeping units and where each sleeping unit has a means of egress door opening directly to an exit or to an exterior exit access that leads directly to an exit.
907.2.10.3 Smoke alarms. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in accordance with Section 907.2.11.
907.2.11 Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms. Listed single-and multiple-station smoke alarms complying with UL 217 shall be installed in accordance with Section 907.2.11.1 through 907.2.11.4 and NFPA 72.
Exception: For Group R occupancies. A fire alarm system with smoke detectors located in accordance with this section may be installed in lieu of smoke alarms. Upon actuation of the detector, only those notification appliances in the dwelling unit or guest room where the detector is actuated shall activate.
907.2.11.1 Group R-1. Single-or multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in all of the following locations in Group R-1:
907.2.11.2 Groups R-2, R-2.1, R-3, R-3.1 and R-4. Single or multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed and maintained in Groups R-2, R-2.1, R-3, R-3.1 and R-4 regardless of occupant load at all of the following locations:
Exception: Single- or multiple-station smoke alarms in Group I-1 shall not be required where smoke detectors are provided in the sleeping rooms as part of an automatic smoke detection system.
907.2.11.2.1 Group I-4 Occupancies. Large family day-care homes shall be equipped with State Fire Marshal approved and listed single station residential type smoke alarms.
907.2.11.2.2 Group R-3.1. In all facilities housing a bedridden client, smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the building wiring when such wiring is served from a commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms shall be electrically interconnected so as to cause all smoke alarms to sound a distinctive alarm signal upon actuation of any signal smoke alarm. Such alarm signal shall be audible throughout the facility at a minimal level of 15 db above ambient noise level. These devices need not be interconnected to any other fire alarm device, have a control panel, or be electrically supervised or provided with emergency power.
907.2.11.3 Interconnection. Where more than one smoke alarm is required to be installed within an individual dwelling unit or sleeping unit in Group R-1, R-2, R-3, R-3.1 or R-4, the smoke alarms shall be interconnected in such a manner that the activation of one alarm will activate all of the alarms in the individual unit. The alarm shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over background noise levels with all intervening doors closed.
907.2.11.4 Power source. In new construction construction and in newly classified Group R-3.1 occupancies, required smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the building wiring where such wiring is served from a commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms with integral strobes that are not equipped with battery back-up shall be connected to an emergency electrical system. Smoke alarms shall emit a signal when the batteries are low. Wiring shall be permanent and without a disconnecting switch other than as required for overcurrent protection.
Exception: Smoke alarms are not required to be equipped with battery backup where they are connected to an emergency electrical system.
907.2.12 Special amusement buildings. An automatic smoke detection system shall be provided in special amusement buildings in accordance with Section 907.2.12.1 through 907.2.12.3.
907.2.12.1 Alarm. Activation of any single smoke detector, the automatic sprinkler system or any other automatic fire detection device shall immediately sound an alarm at the building at a constantly attended location from which emergency action can be initiated, including the capability of manual initiation of requirements in Section 907.2.12.2.
907.2.12.2 System response. The activation of two or more smoke detectors, a single smoke detector equipped with an alarm verification feature, the automatic sprinkler system or other approved fire detection device shall automatically:
907.2.12.3 Emergency voice/alarm communication system. An emergency voice/alarm communication system, which is also allowed to serve as a public address system, shall be installed in accordance with Section 907.6.2.2 and be audible throughout the entire special amusement building.
907.2.13 High-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. High-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860
150mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall be provided with an automatic smoke detection system in accordance with Section 907.2.13.1, a fire department communication system in accordance with Section 907.2.13.2 and an emergency voice/alarm communication system in accordance with Section 907.6.2.2.
Exceptions:
- Airport traffic control towers in accordance with Section 907.2.22 and Section 412 of the California Building Code.
- Open parking garages in accordance with Section 406.3 of the California Building Code.
- Buildings with an occupancy in Group A-5 in accordance with Section 303.1 of the California Building Code.
- Low-hazard special occupancies in accordance with Section 503.1.1 of the California Building Code.
- In Group I-2 and R-2.1 occupancies, the alarm shall sound at a constantly attended location and general occupant notification shall be broadcast by the emergency voice/alarm communication system.
907.2.13.1 Automatic smoke detection. Automatic smoke detection in high-rise buildings shall be in accordance with Sections 907.2.13.1.1 and 907.2.13.1.2.
907.2.13.1.1 Area smoke detection. Area smoke detectors shall be provided in accordance with this Section. Smoke detectors shall be connected to an automatic fire alarm system. The activation of any detector required by this section shall operate the emergency voice/alarm communication system in accordance with Section 907.6.2.2. Smoke detectors shall be located as follows:
907.2.13.1.2 Duct smoke detection. Smoke detectors listed for use in air duct systems shall be provided in accordance with this section and the California Mechanical Code. The activation of any detector required by this section shall initiate a visible and audible supervisory signal at a constantly attended location. Duct smoke detectors complying with Section 907.4.1 shall be located as follows:
907.2.13.2 Fire department communication system. Where a wired communication system is approved in lieu of a radio coverage system in accordance with Section 510, the wired fire department communication system shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 72 and shall operate between a fire command center complying with Section 508, elevators, elevator lobbies, emergency and standby power rooms, fire pump rooms, areas of refuge and inside enclosed exit stairways. The fire department communication device shall be provided at each floor level within the enclosed exit stairway.
907.2.14 Atriums connecting more than two stories. A fire alarm system shall be installed in occupancies with an atrium that connects more than two stories, with smoke detection installed throughout the atrium. The system shall be activated in accordance with Section 907.6. Such occupancies in Group A, E or M shall be provided with an emergency voice/alarm communication system complying with the requirements of Section 907.6.2.2.
907.2.15 High-piled combustible storage areas. An automatic smoke detection system shall be installed throughout high-piled combustible storage areas where required by Section 2306.5.
907.2.16 Aerosol storage uses. Aerosol storage rooms and general-purpose warehouses containing aerosols shall be provided with an approved manual fire alarm system where required by this code.
907.2.17 Lumber, wood structural panel and veneer mills. Lumber, wood structural panel and veneer mills shall be provided with a manual fire alarm system.
907.2.18 Underground buildings with smoke control systems. Where a smoke control system is installed in an underground building in accordance with California Building Code, automatic smoke detectors shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.18.1.
907.2.18.1 Smoke detectors. A minimum of one smoke detector listed for the intended purpose shall be installed in the following areas:
907.2.18.2 Alarm required. Activation of the smoke control system shall activate an audible alarm at a constantly attended location.
907.2.19 Deep underground buildings. Where the lowest level of a structure is more than 60 feet (18 288 mm) below the finished floor of the lowest level of exit discharge, the structure shall be equipped throughout with a manual fire alarm system, including an emergency voice/alarm communication system installed in accordance with Section 907.6.2.2.
907.2.20 Covered mall buildings. Covered mall buildings exceeding 50,000 square feet (4645 m2)in total floor area shall be provided with an emergency voice/alarm communication system serving a mall, required or otherwise, shall be accessible to the fire department. The system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.6.2.2.
907.2.21 Residential aircraft hangers. A minimum of one single-station smoke alarm shall be installed within a residential aircraft hangar as defined in the California Building Code code and shall be interconnected into the residential smoke alarm or other sounding device to provide an alarm that will be audible in all sleeping areas of the dwelling.
907.2.22 Airport traffic control towers. An automatic smoke detection system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be provided in airport control towers in all occupiable and equipment spaces.
Exception: Audible appliances shall not be installed within the control tower cab.
907.2.23 Battery rooms. An automatic smoke detection system shall be installed in areas containing stationary storage battery system with a liquid of capacity of more than 50 gallons (189 L).
907.2.24 Motion picture and television production studio sound stages and approved production facilities.
907.2.24.1 Sound stages—Solid-ceiling sets and platforms. Where required by Chapter 48, all interior solid-ceiling sets over 600 square feet (55.7 m2) in area, and platforms (when provided) over 600 square feet (55.7 m2) in area and which exceed 3 feet (914 mm) in height shall be protected by an approved heat detector system. Heat detectors shall be spaced 30 feet (9144 mm) on center or as required by the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The fire alarm system shall be connected to an approved supervising station in accordance with Section 907.7.5 or a local alarm which will give an audible signal at a constantly attended location.
907.2.24.2 Production locations—Solid-ceiling sets and platforms. Where required by Chapter 48 in buildings with existing fire protection systems and where production intends to construct solid-ceiling sets over 600 square feet (55.7 m2) in area, and platforms over 600 square feet (55.7 m2) in area and which exceed 3 feet (914 mm) in height shall be protected by an approved heat detector system. Heat detectors shall be spaced 30 feet (9144 mm) on center or as required by the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The fire alarm system shall be connected to an approved supervising station in accordance with Section 907.7.5 or a local alarm which will give an audible signal at a constantly attended location.
907.2.24.3 Fire alarm control units. Fire alarm control units shall be California State Fire Marshall listed and shall be utilized in accordance with their listing. Control units are permitted to be temporarily supported by sets, platforms or pedestals.
907.2.24.4 Heat detectors.
907.2.24.4.1 Heat detection required by this section shall be defined as a portable system as it is intended to be reinstalled when platforms or sets are changed.
907.2.24.4.2 Heat detectors shall be secured to standard outlet boxes and are allowed to be temporarily supported by sets, platforms or pedestals.
907.2.24.4.3 Heat detectors shall be provided for solid-ceiling sets and platforms where required by Sections 4805.3 and 4811.14.
907.2.25 Group C Occupancies (Organized Camps).
907.2.25.1 General. Every building and structure used or intended for sleeping purpose shall be provided with an automatic smoke-detection system.
Exception:
- Buildings and structures in existence and in operation prior to January 1, 1985.
- Tents, tent structures and buildings and structures that do not exceed 25 ft (7620 mm) in any lateral dimensions and where such building or structure is not more than one story.
907.2.25.2 Camp fire alarm. Every organized camp shall provide and maintain audible appliances, or devices suitable for sounding a fire alarm. Such audible appliances or devices may be of any type acceptable to the enforcing agency provided they are distinctive in tone from all other signaling devices or systems and shall be audible throughout the camp premises. When an automatic fire alarm system is provided, as required by Section 440.6.6 of the California Building Code, all audible appliances required by this section shall be of the same type as that used in the automatic system.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.12] Fire Alarm.
Every organized camp shall provide and maintain an audible appliance or audible appliances suitable for sounding a
152fire alarm. Such audible appliance or audible appliances may be of any type acceptable to the enforcing agency provided they are distinctive in tone from all other signaling devices or systems and shall be audible throughout the camp premises.
When an automatic fire alarm system is provided, all audible appliances and fire alarm signals as required by this section shall be of the same type as that used in the automatic system.
907.2.26 Fixed guideway transits systems fire alarm and communication systems.
907.2.26.1 General. Every fixed guideway transit station shall be provided with an approved emergency voice/alarm communication system in accordance with NFPA 72. The emergency voice/alarm communication system, designed and installed so that damage to any one speaker will not render any paging zone of the system inoperative.
Exception: Open stations.
907.2.26.2 System components. Each station fire alarm system shall consist of:
Exception: Two-way emergency communication reporting devices (emergency telephones) are allowed to be used in lieu of manual fire alarm boxes as permitted by the enforcing agency. Such devices shall provide two-way communication between the operations control center and each device. Such devices shall be located as required for manual fire alarm boxes, and shall be distinctly identified by signs, coloring, or other means acceptable to the enforcing agency.
Exceptions:
- Ancillary spaces protected by an approved fixed automatic extinguishing system, or
- Ancillary spaces protected by quick-response sprinklers.
907.2.26.3 Emergency voice/alarm communication system. Each station shall be provided with a an emergency voice/alarm communication system capable of transmitting voice, recorded or electronically generated textual messages to all areas of the station. The system(s) shall be configured such that the messages can be initiated from either the Emergency Management Panel (EMP) or the operations control center.
907.2.26.4 Emergency telephones. A dedicated two-way emergency communication phone system designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 72 shall be provided in all underground stations to facilitate direct communications for emergency response between remote locations and the EMP.
907.2.26.4.1 Remote emergency phones shall be located at ends of station platforms, each hose outlet connection and station valve rooms.
907.2.26.4.2 Provisions shall be made in the design of this two-way emergency communication phone system for extensions of the system to the next passenger station or guideway portal.
907.2.27 Winery caves. An approved manual fire alarm system conforming to the provisions of Section 907.2 shall be provided in all Type 3 winery caves.
907.2.28 Group L. A manual fire alarm system shall be installed throughout buildings containing Group L occupancies. When Group L occupancies are located in mixed use buildings, at least one manual fire alarm shall be located in the Group L occupancy.
907.2.28.1 Group L occupancies located above the 10th story. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be required on each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier and at each exit above the 10th story.
907.3 Where required in existing building and structures. An approved fire alarm system shall be installed in existing buildings and structures where required in Chapter 46.
907.4 Fire safety functions. Automatic fire detectors utilized for the purpose of performing fire safety functions shall be connected to the building’s fire alarm control unit where a fire alarm system is installed. Detectors shall, upon actuation, perform the intended function and activate the alarm notification appliances or activate a visible and audible supervisory signal at a constantly attended location. In buildings not equipped with a fire alarm system, the automatic fire detector shall be powered by normal electrical service and, upon actuation, perform the intended function. The detectors shall be located in accordance with NFPA 72.
907.4.1 Duct smoke detectors. Smoke detectors installed in ducts shall be listed for the air velocity, temperature and humidity present in the duct. Duct smoke detectors shall be connected to the building’s fire alarm control unit when a fire alarm system is installed. Activation of a duct smoke detector shall initiate a visible and audible supervisory signal at a constantly attended location and shall perform the intended fire safety function in accordance with this code and the California Mechanical Code. Duct smoke detectors shall not be used as a substitute for required open area detection.
Exceptions:
- The supervisory signal at a constantly attended location is not required where duct smoke detectors 153 activate the building’s alarm notification appliances.
- In occupancies not required to be equipped with a fire alarm system, actuation of a smoke detector shall activate a visible and an audible signal in an approved location. Smoke detector trouble conditions shall activate a visible or audible signed in an approved location and shall be identified as air duct detector trouble.
907.4.2 Delayed egress locks. Where delayed egress locks or devices are installed on means of egress doors in accordance with Section 1008.1.9.7, an automatic smoke detection system shall be installed as required by this section and Section 1008.1.9.7.
907.4.2.1 In other than Group I, R-2.1 and Group R-4 occupancies for single-story buildings smoke detectors shall be installed at ceilings throughout all occupied areas and mechanical/electrical spaces. For multiple-story buildings smoke detectors shall be installed throughout all occupied areas and mechanical/electrical spaces for the story where delayed egress devices are installed. Additional detectors are required on adjacent stories where occupants of those stories utilize the same means of egress.
907.4.2.2 For Group I and R-2.1 occupancies. Smoke detectors shall be installed at ceilings throughout all occupied areas and mechanical/electrical spaces of smoke-compartments where delayed egress devices are installed. Additional detectors are required in adjacent smoke–compartments where occupants of those compartments utilize the same means of egress.
907.4.2.3 For Group R-4. Occupancies licensed as residential care facilities for the elderly, and housing clients with Alzheimer's disease or dementia residential facilities, smoke detectors shall be installed at ceilings throughout all occupiable rooms and areas and mechanical/electrical rooms and spaces.
907.4.3 Elevator emergency operation. Automatic fire detectors installed for elevator emergency operation shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of ASME A17.1 and NFPA 72.
907.4.4 Wiring. The wiring to the auxiliary devices and equipment used to accomplish the above fire safety functions shall be monitored for integrity in accordance with NFPA 72.
907.5 Initiating devices. Where manual or automatic alarm initiation is required as part of a fire alarm system, the initiating devices shall be installed in accordance with Sections 907.5.1 through 907.5.3.1.
907.5.1 Protection of fire alarm control unit. In areas that are not continuously occupied, a single smoke detector shall be provided at the location of each fire alarm control unit, notification appliance circuit power extenders and supervising station transmitting equipment.
Exception: Where ambient conditions prohibit installation of smoke detector, a heat detector shall be permitted.
907.5.2 Manual fire alarm boxes. Where a manual fire alarm system is required by another section of this code, it shall be activated by fire alarm boxes installed in accordance with Sections 907.5.2.1 through 907.5.2.5.
907.5.2.1 Location. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be located not more than 5 feet (1524 mm) from the entrance to each exit. Additional manual fire alarm boxes shall be located so that travel distance to the nearest box does not exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm).
Exception: When individual dwelling units are served by a single exit stairway, additional boxes at other than the ground floor may be omitted.
907.5.2.2 Height. The height of the manual fire alarm boxes shall be a minimum of 42 inches (1067 mm) and a maximum of 48 inches (1372 mm) measured vertically, from the floor level to the activating handle or lever of the box.
907.5.2.3 Color. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be red in color.
907.5.2.4 Signs. Where fire alarm systems are not monitored by a supervising station, an approved permanent sign shall be installed adjacent to each manual fire alarm box that reads: WHEN ALARM SOUNDS—CALL FIRE DEPARTMENT.
Exception: Where the manufacturer has permanently provided this information on the manual fire alarm box.
907.5.2.5 Protective covers. The fire code official is authorized to require the installation of listed manual fire alarm box protective covers to prevent malicious false alarms or to provide the manual fire alarm box with protection from physical damage. The protective cover shall be transparent or red in color with a transparent face to permit visibility of the manual fire alarm box. Each cover shall include proper operating instructions. A protective cover that emits a local alarm signal shall not be installed unless approved. Protective covers shall not project more than that permitted by Section 1003.3.3.
907.5.2.6 Operation. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be operable with one hand including boxes with protective covers.
907.5.3 Automatic smoke detection. Where an automatic smoke detection system is required it shall utilize smoke detectors unless ambient conditions prohibit such an installation. In spaces where smoke detectors cannot be utilized due to ambient conditions, approved automatic heat detectors shall be permitted.
907.5.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system. For conditions other than specific fire safety functions noted in Section 907.4, in areas where ambient conditions prohibit the installation of smoke detectors, an automatic sprinkler system installed in such areas in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and that is connected to the fire alarm system shall be approved as automatic heat detection.
907.6 Occupant notification systems. A fire alarm system shall annunciate at the panel and shall initiate occupant notification upon activation, in accordance with Sections 907.6.1 through 907.6.2.3.4. Where a fire alarm system is required by another section of this code, it shall be activated by:
Exception: Where notification systems are allowed else-where in Section 907 to annunciate at a constantly attended location.
907.6.1 Presignal feature. A presignal feature shall not be installed unless approved by the fire code official and the fire department. Where a presignal feature is provided, a signal shall be annunciated at a constantly attended location approved by the fire department, in order that occupant notification can be activated in the event of fire or other emergency.
907.6.2 Alarm notification appliances. Alarm notification appliances shall be provided and shall be listed for their purpose.
907.6.2.1 Audible alarms. Audible alarm notification appliances shall be provided and emit a distinctive sound that is not to be used for any purpose other than that of a fire alarm.
In Group I-2 occupancies, audible appliances located in patient areas shall be only chimes or similar sounding appliances for alerting staff. See Section 907.7.5.
Exception: Visible alarm notification appliances shall be allowed in lieu of audible alarm notification appliances in areas of Group I-2 occupancies.
907.6.2.1.1 Average sound pressure. The audible alarm notification appliances shall provide a sound pressure level of 15 decibles (dBA) above the average ambient sound level or 5 dBA above the maximum sound level having a duration of at least 60 seconds, whichever is greater, in every occupiable space within the building. The minimum sound pressure levels shall be: 75 dBA in occupancies in Group R; 90 dBA in mechanical equipment rooms; and 60 dBA in other occupancies.
907.6.2.1.2 Maximum sound pressure. The maximum sound pressure level for audible alarm notification appliances shall be 110 dBA at the minimum hearing distance from the audible appliance. Where the average ambient noise is greater than 95 dBA, visible alarm notification appliances shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 72 and audible alarm notification appliances shall not be required.
907.6.2.1.3 Audible alarm signal. The audible signal shall be the standard fire alarm evacuation signal, ANSI S34.1 Audible Emergency Evacuation Signal, “three pulse temporal pattern,” as described in NFPA 72.
Exception: The use of the existing evacuation signaling scheme shall be permitted where approved by the enforcing agency.
907.6.2.2 Emergency voice/alarm communication systems. Emergency voice/alarm communication systems required by this code shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 72. The operation of any automatic fire detector, sprinkler waterflow device or manual fire alarm box shall automatically sound an alert tone followed by voice instructions giving approved information and directions for a general or staged evacuation in accordance with the building’s fire safety and evacuation plans required by Section 404. In high-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, the system shall operate on a minimum of the alarming floor, the floor above and the floor below. Speakers shall be provided throughout the building by paging zones. At a minimum, paging zones shall be provided as follows:
Exception: In Group I-2 and R-2.1 occupancies, the alarm shall sound in a constantly attended area and a general occupant notification shall be broadcast over the overhead page.
907.6.2.2.1 Manual override. A manual override for emergency voice communication shall be provided on a selective and all-call basis for all paging zones.
907.6.2.2.2 Live voice messages. The emergency voice/alarm communication system shall also have the capability to broadcast live voice messages by paging zones on a selective and all-call basis.
907.6.2.2.3 Alternate uses. The emergency voice/alarm communication system shall be allowed to be used for other announcements, provided the manual fire alarm use takes precedence over any other use.
907.6.2.2.4 Emergency power. Emergency voice/alarm communications systems shall be provided with an approved emergency power source.
907.6.2.3 Visible alarms. Visible alarm notification appliances shall be provided in accordance with Sections 907.6.2.3.1 through 907.6.2.3.5.
Exceptions:
- In other than Group I-2 and I-2.1, visible alarm notification appliances are not required in alterations, except where an existing fire alarm system is upgraded or replaced, or a new fire alarm system is installed. 155
- Visible alarm notification appliances shall not be required in enclosed exit stairways, exterior exit stairs, and exterior exit ramps.
- Visible alarm notification appliances shall not be required in elevator cars.
907.6.2.3.1 Public and common areas. Visible alarm notification appliances shall be provided in public use areas and common use areas, including but not limited to:
907.6.2.3.2 Employee work areas. Where employee work areas have audible alarm coverage, the notification appliance circuits serving the employee work areas shall be initially designed with a minimum of 20-percent spare capacity to account for the potential of adding visible notification appliances in the future to accommodate hearing impaired employee(s).
907.6.2.3.3 Groups R-1 and R-2.1. Group R-1 and R-2.1 dwelling units or sleeping units in accordance with Table 907.6.2.3.3 shall be provided with a visible alarm notification appliance, activated by both the in-room smoke alarm and the building fire alarm system.
NUMBER OF SLEEPING UNITS | SLEEPING ACCOMMODATIONS WITH VISIBLE ALARMS |
---|---|
Also see Chapter 11B Section 1111B.4.5, Table 11B-3, and Table 11B-4 of the California Building Code. | |
6 to 25 | 2 |
26 to 50 | 4 |
51 to 75 | 7 |
76 to 100 | 9 |
101 to 150 | 12 |
151 to 200 | 14 |
201 to 300 | 17 |
301 to 400 | 20 |
401 to 500 | 22 |
501 to 1,000 | 5% of total |
1,001 and over | 50 plus 3 for each 100 over 1,000 |
907.6.2.3.4 Group R-2. In Group R-2 occupancies required by Section 907 to have a fire alarm system, all dwelling units and sleeping units shall be provided with the capability to support visible alarm notification appliances in accordance with NFPA 72.
907.6.2.3.5 Groups R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4. Protective social care facilities which house persons who are hearing impaired, shall be provided with notification appliances for the hearing impaired installed in accordance with NFPA 72 and which shall activated upon initiation of the fire alarm system or the smoke alarms.
907.6.2.4 Group E Schools. An audible alarm notification appliance shall be mounted on the exterior of buildings to alert occupants in and around the playground area.
907.6.2.5 Groups I-2 and 1-2.1. Audible appliances shall be used in nonpatient areas. Visible appliances are allowed to be used in lieu of audible appliances in patient occupied areas. Audible appliances located in patient areas shall be only chimes or similar sounding appliances for alerting staff.
In occupancies housing nonambulatory persons where restraint is practiced, staff and attendants shall be provided and housed or located in such a manner that such supervisory personal will also be alerted upon activation of the fire alarm system or any detector required by this section.
907.7 Installation. A fire alarm system shall be installed in accordance with Sections 907.7.1 through 907.7.5.1 and NFPA 72.
907.7.1 Wiring. Wiring shall comply with the requirements of California Electrical Code and NFPA 72. Wireless protection systems utilizing radio-frequency transmitting devices shall comply with the special requirements for supervision of low-power wireless systems in NFPA 72.
907.7.2 Power supply. The primary and secondary power supply for the fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 72.
Exception: Backup power for single-station and multiple-station smoke alarms as required in Section 907.2.11.4.
907.7.3 Zones. Fire alarm systems shall be divided into zones where required by this section. For the purposes of annunciation and notification, zoning shall be in accordance with the following:
Exception: Automatic sprinkler system zones shall not exceed the area permitted by NFPA 13.
907.7.3.1 Annunciation. Alarm, supervisory and trouble signals shall be annunciated in the main control unit by means of an audible signal and a visual display in accordance with NFPA 72. Identification of the type of alarm and supervisory initiating devices, such as manual, automatic, sprinkler waterflow, sprinkler valve supervisory, fire-pump supervisory, etc., shall be separately indicated.
Exception: Group R-3 Occupancies.
907.7.3.1.1 Annunciator panel. A annunciator panel complying with Section 907.7.3.1 and the associated controls shall be provided in an approved remote location where deemed necessary by the Enforcing Agency. The visual zone indication shall lock in until the system is reset and shall not be canceled by the operation of an audible alarm-silencing switch.
907.7.3.2 High-rise buildings. In high-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, a separate zone by floor shall be provided for all of the following types of alarm-initiating devices where provided:
907.7.3.3 Notification zoning. Upon activation of initiating devices where occupant notification is required for evacuation, all notification zones shall operate simultaneously throughout the building.
Exceptions:
- High-rise buildings as permitted in Section 907.2.12.2.
- Hospitals and convalescent facilities with staff alerting notification appliances or emergency voice/alarm communication, zoning shall be in accordance with the approved fire plan.
- Detention facilities.
- Upon approval by the fire code official in buildings which are sprinklered throughout, specific notification zoning shall be permitted where the notification zones are separated by a minimum of a 2-hour fire barrier and 2-hour fire-resistive floor assembly. The system shall have the capability to activate all other notification zones by automatic and manual means.
- Upon approval by the fire code official in buildings which are sprinklered throughout, specific notification zoning shall be permitted where the activated initiating device or fire extinguishing system is separated from any non-active notification zones by a minimum 300-foot (91 440 mm) horizontal distance. The system shall have the capability to activate all other notification zones by automatic and manual means.
- Where a Group H or L occupancy is located above the 10th story, each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier shall be considered a separate zone.
907.7.4 Access. Access shall be provided to each fire alarm device and notification appliance for periodic inspection, maintenance and testing.
907.7.5 Monitoring. Fire alarm systems required by this chapter or by the California Building Code shall be monitored by an approved supervising station in accordance with NFPA 72 and this section.
Exception: Monitoring by a supervising station is not required for:
- Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms required by Section 907.2.11.
- Group I-3 occupancies occupancies shall be monitored in accordance with Section 907.2.6.3.4.
- Automatic sprinkler systems in one-and two-family dwellings.
907.7.5.1 Automatic telephone-dialing devices. Automatic telephone-dialing devices used to transmit an emergency alarm shall not be connected to any fire department telephone number unless approved by the fire chief.
907.7.5.2 Group E schools. Fire alarm systems shall transmit the alarm, supervisory and trouble signals to an approved supervising station in accordance with NFPA 72. The supervising station shall be listed as either UUFX (Central Station) or UUJS (remote & proprietary) by the Underwriters Laboratory Inc. (UL) or shall comply with the requirements of standard, FM 3011.
907.8 Acceptance tests and completion. Upon completion of the installation, the fire alarm system and all fire alarm components shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 72.
907.8.1 Single- and multiple-station alarm devices. When the installation of the alarm devices is complete, each device and interconnecting wiring for multiple-station alarm devices shall be tested in accordance with the smoke alarm provisions of NFPA 72.
157907.8.2 Record of completion. A record of completion in accordance with NFPA 72 verifying that the system has been installed and tested in accordance with the approved plans and specification shall be provided.
907.8.3 Instructions. Operating, testing and maintenance instructions and record drawings (“as builts”) and equipment specifications shall be provided at an approved location.
907.9 Inspection, testing and maintenance. The maintenance and testing schedules and procedures for fire alarm and fire detection systems shall be in accordance with Sections 907.9.1 through 907.9.5 and NFPA 72.
907.9.1 Maintenance required. Whenever required for compliance with the provisions of this code, devices, equipment, systems, conditions, arrangements, levels of protection or other features shall thereafter be continuously maintained in accordance with applicable NFPA requirements or as directed by the fire code official.
907.9.2 Testing. Testing shall be performed in accordance with the schedules in NFPA 72 or more frequently where required by the fire code official.
Exception: Devices or equipment that are inaccessible for safety considerations shall be tested during scheduled shutdowns where approved by the fire code official, but not less than every 18 months.
907.9.3 Smoke detector sensitivity. Smoke detector sensitivity shall be checked within one year after installation and every alternate year thereafter. After the second calibration test, where its sensitivity tests indicate that the detector has remained within its listed and marked sensitivity range (or 4-percent obscuration light grey smoke, if not marked), the length of time between calibration tests shall be permitted to be extended to a maximum of five years. Where the frequency is extended, records of detector-caused nuisance alarms and subsequent trends of these alarms shall be maintained. In zones or areas where nuisance alarms show any increase over the previous year, calibration tests shall be performed.
907.9.4 Method. To verify that each smoke detector is within its listed and marked sensitivity range, it shall be tested using one of the following methods:
Detectors found to have a sensitivity outside the listed and marked sensitivity range shall be cleaned and recalibrated or replaced.
Exceptions:
- Detectors listed as field adjustable shall be permitted to be either adjusted within the listed and marked sensitivity range and cleaned and recalibrated or they shall be replaced.
- This requirements shall not apply to single-station smoke alarms.
907.9.4.1 Testing device. Smoke detector sensitivity shall not be tested or measured using a device that administers an unmeasured concentration of smoke or other aerosol into the detector.
907.9.5 Maintenance, inspection and testing. The building owner shall be responsible to maintain the fire and life safety systems in an operable condition at all times. Service personnel shall meet the qualification requirements of NFPA 72 for maintaining, inspecting and testing such systems. A written record shall be maintained and shall be made available to the fire code official.
908.1 Group H occupancies. Emergency alarms for the detection and notification of an emergency condition in Group H occupancies shall be provided as required in Chapter 27.
908.2 Group H-5 occupancy. Emergency alarms for notification of an emergency condition in an HPM facility shall be provided as required in Section 1803.12. A continuous gas detection system shall be provided for HPM gases in accordance with Section 1803.13.
908.3 Highly toxic and toxic materials. Where required by Section 3704.2.2.10, a gas detection system shall be provided for indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases.
908.4 Ozone gas-generator rooms. A gas detection system shall be provided in ozone gas-generator rooms in accordance with Section 3705.3.2.
908.5 Repair garages. A flammable-gas detection system shall be provided in repair garages for vehicles fueled by nonodorized gases in accordance with Section 2211.7.2.
908.6 Refrigeration systems. Refrigeration system machinery rooms shall be provided with a refrigerant detector in accordance with Section 606.8.
909.1 Scope and purpose. This section applies to mechanical or passive smoke control systems when they are required for new building or portions there of by provisions of the California
158Building Code or this code. The purpose of this section is to establish minimum requirements for the design, installation and acceptance testing of smoke control systems that are intended to provide a tenable environment for the evacuation or relocation of occupants. These provisions are not intended for the preservation of contents, the timely restoration of operations, or for assistance in fire suppression or overhaul activities, Smoke control systems regulated by this section serve a different purpose than the smoke-and heat-venting provisions found in Section 910. Mechanical smoke control systems shall not be considered exhaust systems under Chapter 5 of the California Mechanical Code.
909.2 General design requirements. Buildings, structures, or parts thereof required by the California Building Code or this code to have a smoke-control system or systems shall have such systems designed in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 909 and the generally accepted and well-established principles of engineering relevant to the design. The construction documents shall include sufficient information and detail to describe adequately the elements of the design necessary for the proper implementation of the smoke control systems. These documents shall be accompanied with sufficient information and analysis to demonstrate compliance with these provisions.
909.3 Special inspection and test requirements. In addition to the ordinary inspection and test requirements which buildings, structures and parts there of are required to undergo, smoke control systems subject to the provisions of Section 909 shall undergo special inspections and tests sufficient to verify the proper commissioning of the smoke control design in its final installed condition. The design submission accompanying the construction documents shall clearly detail procedures and methods to be used and the items subject to such inspections and tests. Such commissioning shall be in accordance with generally accepted engineering practice and, where possible, based on published standards for the particular testing involved. The special inspections and tests required by this section shall be conducted under the same terms as in Section 1704 of the California Building Code.
909.4 Analysis. A rational analysis supporting the types of smoke control systems to be employed, the methods of their operations, the systems supporting them, and the methods of construction to be utilized shall accompany the construction documents submission and include, but not be limited to, the items indicated in Sections 909.4.1 through 909.4.6.
909.4.1 Stack effect. The system shall be designed such that the maximum probable normal or reverse stack effect will not adversely interfere with the system's capabilities. In determining the maximum probable stack effect, altitude, elevation, weather history and interior temperatures shall be used.
909.4.2 Temperature effect of fire. Buoyance and expansion caused by the design fire in accordance with Section 909.9 shall be analyzed. The system shall be designed such that these effects do not adversely interfere with the system's capabilities.
909.4.3 Wind effect. The design shall consider the adverse effects of wind. Such consideration shall be consistent with the wind-loading provisions of the California Building Code.
909.4.4 Systems. The design shall consider the effects of the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems on both smoke and fire transport. The analysis shall include all permutations of systems status. The design shall consider the effects of the fire on the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems.
909.4.5 Climate. The design shall consider the effects of low temperatures on systems, property and occupants. Air inlets and exhausts shall be located so as to prevent snow or ice blockage.
904.4.6 Duration of operation. All portions of active or passive smoke control systems shall be capable of continued operation after detection of the fire event for a period of not less than either 20 minutes or 1.5 times the calculated egress time, whichever is less.
909.5 Smoke barrier construction. Smoke barriers shall comply with the California Building Code. Smoke barriers shall be constructed and sealed to limit leakage areas exclusive of protected openings. The maximum allowable leakage area shall be the aggregate are calculated using the following leakage area ratios:
where:
A=Total leakage area, square feet (m2).
AF=Unit floor or roof area of barrier, square feet (m2).
Aw= Unit wall area of barrier, square feet (m2).
The leakage area ratios shown do not include openings due to doors, operable windows or similar gaps. These shall be included in calculating the total leakage area.
909.5.1 Leakage area. Total leakage area of the barrier is the product of the smoke barrier gross area multiplied by the allowable leakage area ratio, plus the area of other openings such as gaps and operable windows. Compliance shall be determined by achieving the minimum air pressure difference across the barrier with the system in the smoke control mode for mechanical smoke control systems. Passive smoke control systems tested using other approved means, such as door fan testing, shall be as approved by the fire code official.
909.5.2 Opening protection. Openings in smoke barriers shall be protected by automatic-closing devices actuated by the required controls for the mechanical smoke control system. Door openings shall be protected by fire door assemblies complying with Section 715.4.3 of the California Building Code.
Exceptions:
- Passive smoke control systems with automatic-closing devices actuated by spot-type smoke detectors listed for releasing service 159 installed in accordance with Section 907.4. When used in a Group I-2, such detectors shall activate the building fire alarm system and shall close all the smoke barrier doors within the effected zone.
- Fixed openings between smoke zones that are protected utilizing the airflow method in other than Group I-2
- In Group I-2, where doors are installed across corridors, a pair of opposite-swinging doors without a center mullion or horizontal sliding doors that comply with Section 1008.1.4.3 Vision panels consisting of fire-rated glazing in approved frames shall be provided in each cross-corridor swinging door and at each cross-corridor horizontal-sliding door in a smoke barrier. The doors shall be close fitting within operational tolerances, and shall not have undercuts, louvers or grilles, Swinging doors shall have head and jamb stops and astragals or rabbets at meeting edges. Doors installed across corridors shall be automatic closing by smoke detection in accordance with Section 715.4.7.3715.4.8.3 of the California Building Code. Positive-latching devices are required. Doors installed across corridors shall comply with Section 1008.1.1.
- Group I-3.
- Openings between smoke zones with clear ceiling heights of 14 feet (4267 mm) or greater and bank-down capacity of greater than 20 minutes as determined by the design fire size.
- In Group I-2, smoke damper activation may be accomplished by a fire alarm control unit provided that an open area smoke detection system is provided within all areas served by an HVAC systems.
909.6 Pressurization method. The primary mechanical means of controlling smoke shall be by pressure differences across smoke barriers. Maintenance of a tenable environment is not required in the smoke-control zone of fire origin.
909.6.1 Minimum pressure difference. The minimum pressure difference across a smoke barrier shall be 0.05-inch water gage (0.0124 kPa) in fully sprinklered buildings.
In buildings allowed to be other than fully sprinklered, the smoke control system shall be designed to achieve pressure differences at least two times the maximum calculated pressure difference produced by the design fire.
909.6.2 Maximum pressure difference. The maximum air pressure difference across a smoke barrier shall be determined by required door-opening or closing forces. The actual force required to open exit doors when the system is in the smoke control mode shall be in accordance with Section 1008.1.3. Opening and closing forces for other doors shall be determined by standard engineering methods for the resolution of forces and reactions. The calculated force to set a side-hinged, swinging door in motion shall be determined by:
where:
A =Door area, square feet (m2).
d=Distance from door handle to latch edge of door, feet (m).
F=Total door opening force, pounds (N).
Fdc = Force required to overcome closing device, pounds (N).
K = Coefficient 5.2 (1.0).
W = Door width, feet (m).
ΔP = Design pressure difference, inches of water (Pa).
909.7 Airflow design method. When approved by the fire code official, smoke migration through openings fixed in a permanently open position, which are located between smoke-control zones by the use of the airflow method, shall be permitted. The design airflow shall be in accordance with this section. Airflow shall be directed to limit smoke migration from the fire zone. The geometry of openings shall be considered to prevent flow reversal from turbulent effects.
909.7.1 Velocity. The minimum average velocity through a fixed opening shall not be less than:
For SI: v = 119.9 [h (Tf-T°)/Tf]½
where:
h = Height of opening, feet (m).
Tf =Temperature of smoke, °F(K).
To = Temperature of ambient air, °F (K).
v = Air velocity, feet per minute (m/minute).
909.7.2 Prohibited conditions. This method shall not be employed where either the quantity of air or the velocity of the airflow will adversely affect other portions of the smoke control system, unduly intensify the fire, disrupt plume dynamics or interface with exiting. In no case shall airflow toward the fire exceed 200 feet per minute (1.02 m/s). Where the formula in Section 909.7.1 requires airflows to exceed this limit, the airflow method shall not be used.
909.8 Exhaust method. When approved by the fire code official, mechanical smoke control for large enclosed volumes, such as in atricums or malls, shall be permitted to utilize the exhaust method. Smoke control systems using the exhaust method shall be designed in accordance with NFPA 92B.
909.8.1 Smoke layer: The height of the lowest horizontal surface of the smoke layer interface shall be maintained at least 6 feet (1829 mm) above any walking surface that forms a portion of a required egress system within the smoke zone.
909.9 Design fire. The design fire shall be based on a rational analysis performed by the registered design professional and approved by the fire code official. The design fire shall be based on the analysis in accordance with Section 909.4 and this section.
909.9.1 Factors considered. The engineering analysis shall include the characteristics of the fuel, fuel load, effects included by the fire, and whether the fire is likely to be steady or unsteady.
909.9.2 Separation distance. Determination of the design fire shall include consideration of the type of fuel, fuel spacing and configuration.
909.9.3 Heat-release assumptions. The analysis shall make use of best available data from approved sources and shall not be based on excessively stringent limitations of combustible material.
909.9.4 Sprinkler effectiveness assumptions. A documented engineering analysis shall be provided for conditions that assume fire growth is halted at the time of sprinkler activation.
909.10 Equipment. Equipment including, but not limited to, fans, ducts, automatic dampers and balance dampers shall be suitable for their intended use, suitable for the probable exposure temperatures that the rational analysis indicates, and as approved by the fire code official.
909.10.1 Exhaust fans. Components of exhaust fans shall be rated and certified by the manufacturer for the probable temperature rise to which the components will be exposed. This temperature rise shall be computed by:
where:
c = Specific heat of smoke at smokelayer temperature, Btu/lb°F - (kJ/kg.K).
m = Exhaust rate, pounds per second (kg/s).
Qc = Convective heat output of fire, Btu/s (kW).
Ta = Ambient temperature, °F (K).
Ts = Smoke temperature, °F (K).
Exception: Reduced Ts as calculated based on the assurance of adequate dilution air.
909.10.2 Ducts. Duct materials and joints shall be capable of withstanding the probable temperatures and pressures to which they are exposed as determined in accordance with Section 909.10.1. Ducts shall be constructed and supported in accordance with the California Mechanical Code. Ducts shall be leak tested to 1.5 times the maximum design pressure in accordance with nationally accepted practices. Measured leakage shall not exceed 5 percent of design flow. Results of such testing shall be a part of the documentation procedure. Ducts shall be supported directly from fire-resistance-rated structural elements of the building by substantial, noncombustible supports.
Exception: Flexible connections (for the purpose of vibration isolation) complying with the California Mechanical Code and which are constructed of approved fire-resistance-rated materials.
909.10.3 Equipment, inlets and outlets. Equipment shall be located so as to not expose uninvolved portions of the building to an additional fire hazard. Outside air inlets shall be located so as to minimize the potential for introducing smoke or flame into the building. Exhaust outlets shall be so located as to minimize reintroduction of smoke into the building and to limit exposure of the building or adjacent buildings to an additional fire hazard.
909.10.4 Automatic dampers. Automatic dampers, regardless of the purpose for which they are installed within the smoke control system, shall be listed and conform to the requirements of approved recognized standards.
909.10.5 Fans. In addition to other requirements, beltdriven fans shall have 1.5 times the number of belts required for the design duty with the minimum number of belts being two. Fans shall be selected for stable performance based on normal temperature and, where applicable, elevated temperature. Calculations and manufacturer's fan curves shall be part of the documentation procedures. Fans shall be supported and restrained by noncombustible devices in accordance with the structural design requirements of Chapter 16 of the California Building Code. Motors driving fans shall not be operated beyond their nameplate horsepower (kilowatts) as determined from measurement of actual current draw and shall have a minimum service factor of 1.15.
909.11 Power systems. The smoke control system shall be supplied with two sources of power. Primary power shall be from the normal building power systems. Secondary power shall be from an approved standby source complying with Section 604 and California Electrical Code. The standby power source and its transfer switches shall be in a room separate from the normal power transformers and switch gears and ventilated directly to and from the exterior. The room shall be enclosed with not less than 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 of the California Building Code or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 712 of the California Building Code, or both. The transfer to full standby power shall be automatic and within 60 seconds of failure of the primary power.
909.11.1 Power sources and power surges. Elements of the smoke management system relying on volatile memories or the like shall be supplied with uninterruptable power sources of sufficient duration to span 15-minute primary power interruption. Elements of the smoke management system susceptible to power surges shall be suitably protected by conditioners, suppressors or other approved means.
909.12 Detection and control systems. Fire detection systems providing control input or output signals to mechanical smoke control systems or elements thereof shall comply with the requirements of Section 907. Such systems shall be equipped with a control unit complying with UL 864 and listed as smoke control equipment.
Control systems for mechanical smoke control systems shall include provisions for verification. Verification shall include positive confirmation of actuation, testing, manual override, the presence of power downstream of all disconnects and,
161through a preprogrammed weekly test sequence, report abnormal conditions audibly, visually and by printed report.
The status of dampers shall be determined using limit or proximity switches installed at the damper or incorporated into the damper actuator. Where multiple dampers are grouped together in an assembly requiring one or more actuators, each damper shall be independently controlled by a separate actuator and provided with an individual limit or proximity switch, or the dampers shall be linked together by a reliable and durable mechanical or otherwise permanent means into one or more groups, with each group provided with a common limit or proximity switch.
The status of fans shall be determined by sensing the airflow downstream of the fans using pressure differential switches or transmitters, or by other means of positive proof of air flow where approved by the enforcing authority.
909.12.1 Wiring. In addition to meeting requirements of California Electrical Code, all wiring, regardless of voltage, shall be fully enclosed within continuous raceways.
909.12.2 Activation. Smoke control systems shall be activated in accordance with this section.
909.12.2.1 Pressurization, airflow or exhaust method. Mechanical smoke control systems using the pressurization, airflow or exhaust method shall have completely automatic control.
909.12.2.2 Passive method. Passive smoke control systems actuated by approved spot-type detectors listed for releasing service shall be permitted.
909.12.3 Automatic control. Where completely automatic control is required or used, the automatic-control sequences shall be initiated from an appropriately zoned automatic sprinkler system complying with Section 903.3.1.1, manual controls that are readily accessible to the fire department, and any smoke detectors required by the engineering analysis.
909.13 Control air tubing. Control air tubing shall be of sufficient size to meet the required response times. Tubing shall be flushed clean and dry prior to final connections and shall be adequately supported and protected from damage. Tubing passing through concrete or masonry shall be sleeved and protected from abrasion and electrolytic action.
909.13.1 Materials. Control air tubing shall be hard drawn copper, Type L, ACR in accordance with ASTM B 42, ASTM B 43, ASTM B 68, ASTM B 88, ASTM B 251 and ASTM B 280. Fittings shall be wrought copper or brass, solder type, in accordance with ASME B 16.18 or ASME B 16.22. Changes in direction shall be made with appropriate tool bends. Brass compression-type fittings shall be used at final connection to devices; other joints shall be brazed using a BCuP5 brazing alloy with solidus above 1, 100°F (593°C) and liquidus below 1,500°F (816°C). Brazing flux shall be used on copper-to-brass joints only.
Exception: Nonmetallic tubing used within control panels and at the final connection to devices, provided all of the following conditions are met:
909.13.2 Isolation from other functions. Control tubing serving other than smoke control functions shall be isolated by automatic isolation valves or shall be an independent system.
909.13.3 Testing. Control air tubing shall be tested at three times the operating pressure for not less than 30 minutes without any noticeable loss in gauge pressure prior to final connection to devices.
909.14 Marking and identification. The detection and control systems shall be clearly marked at all junctions, accesses and terminations.
909.15 Control diagrams. Identical control diagrams showing all devices in the system and identifying their location and function shall be maintained current and kept on file with the fire code official, the fire department and in the fire command center in a format and manner approved by the fire chief.
909.16 Fire-fighter’s smoke control panel. A fire-fighter’s smoke control panel for fire department emergency response purposes only shall be provided and shall include manual control or override of automatic control for mechanical smoke control systems. The panel shall be located in a fire command center complying with Section 509 in high-rise buildings, Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access or buildings with smoke-protected assembly seating. In all other buildings, the fire-fighter’s smoke control panel shall be installed in an approved location adjacent to the fire alarm control panel. The fire-fighter’s smoke control panel shall comply with Sections 909.16.1 through 909.16.3.
909.16.1 Smoke control systems. Fans within the building shall be shown on the fire-fighter’s control panel. A clear indication of the direction of airflow and the relationship of components shall be displayed. Status indicators shall be provided for all smoke control equipment, annunciated by fan and zone and by approved indicators as follows:
909.16.2 Smoke control panel. The fire-fighter’s control panel shall provide control capability over the complete smoke-control system equipment within the building as follows:
Exceptions:
- Complex systems, where approved, where the controls and indicators are combined to control and indicate all elements of a single smoke zone as a unit.
- Complex systems, where approved, where the control is accomplished by computer interface using approved, plain English commands.
909.16.3 Control action and priorities. The fire-fighter’s control panel actions shall be as follows:
Exception: Power disconnects required by this code or the California Electrical Code.
909.17 System response time. Smoke-control system activation shall be initiated immediately after receipt of an appropriate automatic or manual activation command. Smoke control systems shall activate individual components (such as dampers and fans) in the sequence necessary to prevent physical damage to the fans, dampers, ducts and other equipment. For purposes of smoke control, the fire-fighter’s control panel response time shall be the same for automatic or manual smoke control action initiated from any other building control point. The total response time, including that necessary for detection, shutdown of operating equipment and smoke control system startup, shall allow for full operational mode to be achieved before the conditions in the space exceed the design smoke condition. The system response time for each component and their sequential relationships shall be detailed in the required rational analysis and verification of their installed condition reported in the required final report.
909.18 Acceptance testing. Devices, equipment components and sequences shall be individually tested. These tests, in addition to those required by other provisions of this code, shall consist of determination of function, sequence and, where applicable, capacity of their installed condition.
909.18.1 Detection devices. Smoke or fire detectors that are a part of a smoke control system shall be tested in accordance with Chapter 9 in their installed condition. When applicable, this testing shall include verification of airflow in both minimum and maximum conditions.
909.18.2 Ducts. Ducts that are part of a smoke control system shall be traversed using generally accepted practices to determine actual air quantities.
909.18.3 Dampers. Dampers shall be tested for function in their installed condition.
909.18.4 Inlets and outlets. Inlets and outlets shall be read using generally accepted practices to determine air quantities.
909.18.5 Fans. Fans shall be examined for correct rotation. Measurements of voltage, amperage, revolutions per minute and belt tension shall be made.
909.18.6 Smoke barriers. Measurements using inclined manometers or other approved calibrated measuring devices shall be made of the pressure differences across smoke barriers. Such measurements shall be conducted for each possible smoke control condition.
909.18.7 Controls. Each smoke zone equipped with an automatic-initiation device shall be put into operation by the actuation of one such device. Each additional device within
163the zone shall be verified to cause the same sequence without requiring the operation of fan motors in order to prevent damage. Control sequences shall be verified throughout the system, including verification of override from the fire-fighter’s control panel and simulation of standby power conditions.
909.18.8 Special inspections for smoke control. Smoke control systems shall be tested by a special inspector.
909.18.8.1 Scope of testing. Special inspections shall be conducted in accordance with the following:
909.18.8.2 Qualifications. Special inspection agencies for smoke control shall have expertise in fire protection engineering, mechanical engineering and certification as air balancers.
909.18.8.3 Reports. A complete report of testing shall be prepared by the special inspector or special inspection agency. The report shall include identification of all devices by manufacturer, nameplate data, design values, measured values and identification tag or mark. The report shall be reviewed by the responsible registered design professional and, when satisfied that the design intent has been achieved, the responsible registered design professional shall seal, sign and date the report.
909.18.9 Identification and documentation. Charts, drawings and other documents identifying and locating each component of the smoke control system, and describing their proper function and maintenance requirements, shall be maintained on file at the building as an attachment to the report required by Section 909.18.8.3. Devices shall have an approved identifying tag or mark on them consistent with the other required documentation and shall be dated indicating the last time they were successfully tested and by whom.
909.19 System acceptance. Buildings, or portions thereof, required by this code to comply with this section shall not be issued a certificate of occupancy until such time that the fire code official determines that the provisions of this section have been fully complied with and that the fire department has received satisfactory instruction on the operation, both automatic and manual, of the system.
Exception: In buildings of phased construction, a temporary certificate of occupancy, as approved by the fire code official, shall be allowed, provided that those portions of the building to be occupied meet the requirements of this section and that the remainder does not pose a significant hazard to the safety of the proposed occupants or adjacent buildings.
909.20 Maintenance. Smoke control systems shall be maintained to ensure to a reasonable degree that the system is capable of controlling smoke for the duration required. The system shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and Sections 909.20.1 through 909.20.5.
909.20.1 Schedule. A routine maintenance and operational testing program shall be initiated immediately after the smoke control system has passed the acceptance tests. A written schedule for routine maintenance and operational testing shall be established.
909.20.2 Written record. A written record of smoke control system testing and maintenance shall be maintained on the premises. The written record shall include the date of the maintenance, identification of the servicing personnel and notification of any unsatisfactory condition and the corrective action taken, including parts replaced.
909.20.3 Testing. Operational testing of the smoke control system shall include all equipment such as initiating devices, fans, dampers, controls, doors and windows.
909.20.4 Dedicated smoke control systems. Dedicated smoke control systems shall be operated for each control sequence semiannually. The system shall also be tested under standby power conditions.
909.20.5 Nondedicated smoke control systems. Nondedicated smoke control systems shall be operated for each control sequence annually. The system shall also be tested under standby power conditions.
910.1 General. Where required by this code or otherwise installed, smoke and heat vents or mechanical smoke exhaust systems and draft curtains shall conform to the requirements of this section.
Exceptions:
- Frozen food warehouses used solely for storage of Class I and II commodities where protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system.
- Where areas of buildings are equipped with early suppression fast-response (ESFR) sprinklers, automatic smoke and heat vents shall not be required within these areas. This exception shall not apply to any state institution or other state-owned or state-occupied buildings and other applications listed in Section 1.11 regulated by the Office of the State Fire Marshal.
910.2 Where required. Smoke and heat vents shall be installed in the roofs of one-story buildings or portions thereof occupied for the uses set forth in Sections 910.2.1 and 910.2.2.
910.2.1 Group F-1 or S-1. Buildings and portions thereof used as a Group F-1 or S-1 occupancy having more than 50,000 square feet (4645 m2) of undivided area.
164Exception: Group S-1 aircraft repair hangars.
910.2.2 High-piled combustible storage. Buildings and portions thereof containing high-piled combustible stock or rack storage in any occupancy group when required by Section 2306.7.
910.3 Design and installation. The design and installation of smoke and heat vents and draft curtains shall be as specified in Sections 910.3.1 through 910.3.5.2 and Table 910.3.
910.3.1 Design. Smoke and heat vents shall be listed and labeled to indicate compliance with FM 4430, ICC ES AC 331, or UL 793.
910.3.2 Vent operation. Smoke and heat vents shall be capable of being operated by approved automatic and manual means. Automatic operation of smoke and heat vents shall conform to the provisions of Sections 910.3.2.1 through 910.3.2.3.
910.3.2.1 Gravity-operated drop out vents. Automatic smoke and heat vents containing heat-sensitive glazing designed to shrink and drop out of the vent opening when exposed to fire shall fully open within 5 minutes after the vent cavity is exposed to a simulated fire represented by a time-temperature gradient that reaches an air temperature of 500°F (260°C) within 5 minutes.
910.3.2.2 Sprinklered buildings. Where installed in buildings equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system, smoke and heat vents shall be designed to operate automatically.
910.3.2.3 Nonsprinklered buildings. Where installed in buildings not equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system, smoke and heat vents shall operate automatically by actuation of a heat-responsive device rated at between 100°F (56°C) and 220°F (122°C) above ambient.
Exception: Gravity-operated drop out vents complying with Section 910.3.2.1.
910.3.3 Vent dimensions. The effective venting area shall not be less than 16 square feet (1.5 m2) with no dimension less than 4 feet (1219 mm), excluding ribs or gutters having a total width not exceeding 6 inches (152 mm).
910.3.4 Vent locations. Smoke and heat vents shall be located 20 feet (6096 mm) or more from adjacent lot lines and fire walls and 10 feet (3048 mm) or more from fire barriers. Vents shall be uniformly located within the roof in the areas of the building where the vents are required to be installed by Section 910.2, with consideration given to roof pitch, draft curtain location, sprinkler location and structural members.
910.3.5 Draft curtains. Where required by Table 910.3, draft curtains shall be installed on the underside of the roof in accordance with this section.
Exception: Where areas of buildings are equipped with ESFR sprinklers, draft curtains shall not be provided within these areas. Draft curtains shall only be provided at the separation between the ESFR sprinklers and the non-ESFR sprinklers.
OCCUPANCY GROUP AND COMMODITY CLASSIFICATION | DESIGNATED STORAGE HEIGHT(feet) | MINIMUM DRAFT CURTAIN DEPTH (feet) | MAXIMUM AREA FORMED BY DRAFT CURTAINS (square feet) | VENT-AREA-TO FLOOR-AREA RATIOc | MAXIMUM SPACING OF VENT CENTERS (feet) | MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM VENTS TO WALL OR DRAFT CURTAINb (feet) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2. | ||||||
a. Additional requirements for rack storage heights in excess of those indicated shall be in accordance with Chapter 23. For solid-piled storage heights in excess of those indicated, an approved engineered design shall be used. | ||||||
b. Vents adjacent to walls or draft curtains shall be located within a horizontal distance not greater than the maximum distance specified in this column as measured perpendicular to the wall or draft curtain that forms the perimeter of the draft curtained area. | ||||||
c. Where draft curtains are not required, the vent area to floor area ratio shall be calculated based on a minimum draft curtain depth of 6 feet (Option 1). | ||||||
d. “H” is the height of the vent, in feet, above the floor. | ||||||
Group F-1 and S-1 | — | 0.2×Hd but ≥ 4 | 50,000 | 1:100 | 120 | 60 |
High-piled storage (see Section 910.2.2) Class I-IV Commodities (Option 1) | ≤20 | 6 | 10,000 | 1:100 | 100 | 60 |
>20≤40 | 6 | 8,000 | 1:75 | 100 | 55 | |
High-piled storage (see Section 910.2.2) Class I-IV Commodities (Option 2) | ≤20 | 4 | 3,000 | 1:75 | 100 | 55 |
>20≤40 | 4 | 3,000 | 1:50 | 100 | 50 | |
High-piled storage (see Section 910.2.2) High-hazard Commodities (Option 1) | ≤20 | 6 | 6,000 | 1:50 | 100 | 50 |
>20≤30 | 6 | 6,000 | 1:40 | 90 | 45 | |
High-piled storage (see Section 910.2.2) High-hazard Commodities (Option 2) | ≤20 | 4 | 4,000 | 1:50 | 100 | 50 |
>20≤30 | 4 | 2,000 | 1:30 | 75 | 40 |
910.3.5.1 Construction. Draft curtains shall be constructed of sheet metal, lath and plaster, gypsum board or other approved materials that provide equivalent performance to resist the passage of smoke. Joints and connections shall be smoke tight.
910.3.5.2 Location and depth. The location and minimum depth of draft curtains shall be in accordance with Table 910.3.
910.4 Mechanical smoke exhaust. Where approved by the fire code official, engineered mechanical smoke exhaust shall be an acceptable alternative to smoke and heat vents.
910.4.1 Location. Exhaust fans shall be uniformly spaced within each draft-curtained area and the maximum distance between fans shall not be greater than 100 feet (30 480 mm).
910.4.2 Size. Fans shall have a maximum individual capacity of 30,000 cfm (14.2 m3/s). The aggregate capacity of smoke exhaust fans shall be determined by the equation:
where:
C = Capacity of mechanical ventilation required, in cubic feet per minute (m3/s).
A = Area of roof vents provided in square feet (m2) in accordance with Table 910.3.
910.4.3 Operation. Mechanical smoke exhaust fans shall be automatically activated by the automatic sprinkler system or by heat detectors having operating characteristics equivalent to those described in Section 910.3.2. Individual manual controls for each fan unit shall also be provided.
910.4.4 Wiring and control. Wiring for operation and control of smoke exhaust fans shall be connected ahead of the main disconnect and protected against exposure to temperatures in excess of 1,000°F (538°C) for a period of not less than 15 minutes. Controls shall be located so as to be immediately accessible to the fire service from the exterior of the building and protected against interior fire exposure by not less than 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 of the California Building Code, or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 712 of the California Building Code, or both.
910.4.5 Supply air. Supply air for exhaust fans shall be provided at or near the floor level and shall be sized to provide a minimum of 50 percent of required exhaust. Openings for supply air shall be uniformly distributed around the periphery of the area served.
910.4.6 Interlocks. On combination comfort air-handling/smoke removal systems or independent comfort air-handling systems, fans shall be controlled to shut down in accordance with the approved smoke control sequence.
911.1 General. Explosion control shall be provided in the following locations:
Such areas shall be provided with explosion (deflagration) venting,explosion (deflagration) prevention systems, or barricades in accordance with this section and NFPA 69, or NFPA 495 as applicable. Deflagration venting shall not be utilized as a means to protect buildings from detonation hazards.
911.2 Required deflagration venting. Areas that are required to be provided with deflagration venting shall comply with the following:
Exception: Where sufficient exterior wall and roof venting cannot be provided because of inadequate exterior wall or roof area, deflagration venting shall be allowed by specially designed shafts vented to the exterior of the building.
Exception: Vents complying with Item 7 of this section.
911.3 Explosion prevention systems. Explosion prevention systems shall be of an approved type and installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFPA 69.
911.4 Barricades. Barricades shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 495.
MATERIAL | CLASS | EXPLOSION CONTROL METHODS | |
---|---|---|---|
Barricade construction | Explosion (deflagration) venting or explosion (deflagration) prevention systems | ||
a. Combustible dusts that are generated during manufacturing or processing. See definition of Combustible Dust in Chapter 2. | |||
b. Storage or use. | |||
c. In open use or dispensing. | |||
d. Rooms containing dispensing and use of hazardous materials when an explosive environment can occur because of the characteristics or nature of the hazardous materials or as a result of the dispensing or use process. | |||
e. A method of explosion control shall be provided when Class 2 water-reactive materials can form potentially explosive mixtures. | |||
Hazard Category | |||
Combustible dustsa | — | Not required | Required |
Cryogenic fluids | Flammable | Not required | Required |
Explosives | Division 1.1 | Required | Not required |
Division 1.2 | Required | Not required | |
Division 1.3 | Not required | Required | |
Division 1.4 | Not required | Required | |
Division 1.5 | Required | Not required | |
Division 1.6 | Required | Not required | |
Flammable gas | Gaseous | Not required | Required |
Liquefied | Not required | Required | |
Flammable liquids | IAb | Not required | Required |
IBc | Not required | Required | |
Organic peroxides | Unclassified detonable | Required | Not permitted |
I | Required | Not permitted | |
Oxidizer liquids and solids | 4 | Required | Not permitted |
Pyrophoric | Gases | Not required | Required |
Unstable (reactive) | 4 | Required | Not permitted |
3 detonable | Required | Not permitted | |
3 nondetonable | Not Required | Required | |
Water-reactive liquids and solids | 3 | Not required | Required |
2e | Not required | Required | |
Special Uses | |||
Acetylene generator rooms | — | Not required | Required |
Grain processing | — | Not required | Required |
Liquefied petroleum gas distribution facilities | — | Not required | Required |
Where explosion hazards existd | Detonation | Required | Not permitted |
Deflagration | Not required | Required |
912.1 Installation. Fire department connections shall be installed in accordance with the NFPA standard applicable to the system design and shall comply with Section 912.2 through 912.6.
912.2 Location. With respect to hydrants, driveways, buildings and landscaping, fire department connections shall be so located that fire apparatus and hose connected to supply the system will not obstruct access to the buildings for other fire apparatus. The location of fire department connections shall be approved by the fire chief.
912.2.1 Visible location. Fire department connections shall be located on the street side of buildings, fully visible and recognizable from the street or nearest point of fire department vehicle access or as otherwise approved by the fire chief.
912.2.2 Existing buildings. On existing buildings, wherever the fire department connection is not visible to approaching fire apparatus, the fire department connection shall be indicated by an approved sign mounted on the street front or on the side of the building. Such sign shall have the letters “FDC” at least 6 inches (152 mm) high and words in letters at least 2 inches (51 mm) high or an arrow to indicate the location. All such signs shall be subject to the approval of the fire code official.
912.3 Access. Immediate access to fire department connections shall be maintained at all times and without obstruction by fences, bushes, trees, walls or any other fixed or moveable object. Access to fire department connections shall be approved by the fire chief.
Exceptions:
- Fences, where provided with an access gate equipped with a sign complying with the legend requirements of Section 912.4 and a means of emergency operation. The gate and the means of emergency operation shall be approved by the fire chief and maintained operational at all times.
- When acceptable to the fire enforcing agency, fire department connections for Group I-3 detention facilities may be located inside all security walls or fences on the property.
912.3.1 Locking fire department connection caps. The fire code official is authorized to require locking caps on fire department connections for water-based fire protection system where the responding fire department carries appropriate key wrenches for removal.
912.3.2 Clear space around connections. A working space of not less than 36 inches (762 mm) in width, 36 inches (914 mm) in depth and 78 inches (1981 mm) in height shall be provided and maintained in front of and to the sides of wall-mounted fire department connections and around the circumference of freestanding fire department connections, except as otherwise required or approved by the fire chief.
912.3.3 Physical protection. Where fire department connections are subject to impact by a motor vehicle, vehicle impact protection shall be provided in accordance with Section 312.
912.4 Signs. A metal sign with raised letters at least 1 inch (25 mm) in size shall be mounted on all fire department connections serving automatic sprinklers, standpipes or fire pump connection. Such signs shall read: AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS or STANDPIPES or TEST CONNECTION or a combination thereof as applicable. Where the fire department connection does not serve the entire building, a sign shall be provided indicating the portions of the building served.
912.5 Backflow protection. The potable water supply to automatic sprinkler and standpipe systems shall be protected against backflow as required by Health and Safety Code Section 13114.7.
912.6 Inspection, testing and maintenance. All fire department connections shall be periodically inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5.
913.1 General. Where provided, fire pumps shall be installed in accordance with this section and NFPA 20.
913.2 Protection against interruption of service. The fire pump, driver, and controller shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 20 against possible interruption of service through damage caused by explosion, fire, flood, earthquake, rodents, insects, windstorm, freezing, vandalism and other adverse conditions.
913.2.1 Protection of fire pump rooms. Rooms where fire pumps are located shall be separated from all other areas of the building in accordance with Section 913.2.1 of the California Building Code.
913.3 Temperature of pump room. Suitable means shall be provided for maintaining the temperature of a pump room or pump house, where required, above 40°F (5°C).
913.3.1 Engine manufacturer′s recommendation. Temperature of the pump room, pump house or area where engines are installed shall never be less than the minimum recommended by the engine manufacturer. The engine manufacturer′s recommendations for oil heaters shall be followed.
913.4 Valve supervision. Where provided, the fire pump suction, discharge and bypass valves, and the isolation valves on the backflow prevention device or assembly shall be supervised open by one of the following methods.
913.4.1 Test outlet valve supervision. Fire pump test outlet valves shall be supervised in the closed position.
913.5 Testing and maintenance. Fire pumps shall be inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the requirements of this section and California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5.
913.5.1 Acceptance test. Acceptance testing shall be done in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 20.
913.5.2 Generator sets. Engine generator sets supplying emergency or standby power to fire pump assemblies shall be periodically tested in accordance with NFPA 110.
913.5.3 Transfer switches. Automatic transfer switches shall be periodically tested in accordance with NFPA 110.
913.5.4 Pump room environmental conditions. Tests of pump room environmental conditions, including heating, ventilation and illumination shall be made to ensure proper manual or automatic operation of the associated equipment.
914.1 General. This section shall specify where fire protection systems are required based on the detailed requirements of use and occupancy of the California Building Code.
914.2 Covered mall buildings. Covered mall buildings shall comply with Section 914.2.1 through 914.2.4.
914.2.1 Automatic sprinkler system. The covered mall building and buildings connected shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.1.1, which shall comply with the following:
Exception: An automatic sprinkler system shall not be required in spaces or areas of open parking garages constructed in accordance with Section 406.2 of the California Building Code.
914.2.2 Standpipe system. The covered mall building shall be equipped throughout with a standpipe system in accordance with Section 905.
914.2.3 Emergency voice/alarm communication system. Covered mall building exceeding 50,000 square feet (4645 m2) in the total floor area shall be provided with an emergency voice/alarm communication system. Emergency voice/alarm communication systems serving a mall, required or otherwise, shall be accessible to the fire department. The system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.6.2.2.
914.2.4 Fire department access to equipment. Rooms or areas containing controls for air-conditioning systems, automatic fire-extinguishing systems or other detection, suppression or control elements shall be identified for use by the fire department.
914.3 High-rise buildings. High-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall comply with Sections 914.3.1 through 914.3.6.
914.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Buildings and structures shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and a secondary water supply where required by Section 903.3.5.2. A sprinkler water-flow alarm-initiating device and a control valve with a supervisory signal-initiating device shall be provided at the lateral connection to the riser on each floor.
Exception: An automatic sprinkler system shall not be required in open parking garages in accordance with Section 406.3 of the California Building Code.
914.3.1.1 Number of sprinkler risers and system design. Each sprinkler system zone in buildings that are more than 420 feet (128 m) in height shall be supplied by a minimum of two risers. Each riser shall supply sprinklers on alternate floors. If more than two risers are provided for a zone, sprinklers on adjacent floors shall not be supplied from the same riser.
914.3.1.1.1 Riser location. Sprinkler risers shall be placed in stair enclosures which are remotely located in accordance with Section 1015.2.
914.3.1.2 Water supply to required fire pumps. Required fire pumps shall be supplied by connections to a minimum of two water mains located in different streets. Separate supply piping shall be provided between each connection to the water main and the pumps. Each connection and the supply piping between the connection and the pumps shall be sized to supply the flow and pressure required for the pumps to operate.
Exception: Two connections to the same main shall be permitted provided the main is valved such that an interruption can be isolated so that the water supply will continue without interruption through at least one of the connections.
914.3.2 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.13.
914.3.3 Automatic smoke detection. Smoke detection shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.13.1.
914.3.4 Emergency voice/alarm communication system. An emergency voice/alarm communication system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.6.2.2.
914.3.5 Emergency responder radio coverage. Emergency responder radio coverage shall be provided in accordance with Section 510.
169914.3.6 Fire command. A fire command center complying with Section 508 shall be provided in a location approved by the fire department.
914.3.7 Smoke control.
914.3.7.1 Smoke control system. All portions of high-rise buildings shall be provided with a smoke control system in accordance with California Building Code, Section 909.
914.3.7.2 Smokeproof exit enclosures. Every exit enclosure in high-rise buildings shall comply with California Building Code, Section 909.20 and 1022.9. Every required stairway in Group I-2 occupancies serving floors more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall comply with Section 909.20 and 1022.9.
914.4 Atriums. Atriums shall comply with Sections 914.4.1 and 914.4.2.
914.4.1 Automatic sprinkler system. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the entire building.
Exceptions:
- That area of a building adjacent to or above the atrium need not be sprinklered, provided that portion of the building is separated from the atrium portion by not less than a 2-hour fire barrier constructed in accordance with Section 707 of the California Building Code or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 712 of the California Building Code, or both.
- Where the ceiling of the atrium is more than 55 feet (16 764 mm) above the floor, sprinkler protection at the ceiling of the atrium is not required.
914.4.2 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shall be provided where required by Section 907.2.14.
914.5 Underground buildings. Underground buildings shall comply with Sections 914.5.1 through 914.5.5.
914.5.1 Automatic sprinkler system. The highest level of exit discharge serving the underground portions of the building and all levels below shall be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Water-flow switches and control valves shall be supervised in accordance with Section 903.4.
914.5.2 Smoke control system. A smoke control system is required to control the migration of products of combustion in accordance with Section 909 and provisions of this section. Smoke control shall restrict movement of smoke to the general area of fire origin and maintain means of egress in a usable condition.
914.5.3 Compartment smoke control system. Where compartmentation is required by Section 405.4 of the California Building Code, each compartment shall have an independent smoke-control system. The system shall be automatically activated and capable of manual operation in accordance with Section 907.2.18.
914.5.4 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shall be provided where required by Sections 907.2.18 and 907.2.19.
914.5.5 Standpipe system. The underground building shall be provided throughout with a standpipe system in accordance with Section 905.
914.6 Stages. Stages shall comply with Sections 914.6.1 and 914.6.2.
914.6.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Stages shall be equipped with an automatic fire-extinguishing system in accordance with Chapter 9. Sprinklers shall be installed under the roof and gridiron and under all catwalks and galleries over the stage. Sprinklers shall be installed in dressing rooms, performer lounges, shops and storerooms accessory to such stages.
Exceptions:
- Sprinklers are not required under stage areas less than 4 feet (1219 mm) in clear height utilized exclusively for storage of tables and chairs, provided the concealed space is separated from the adjacent spaces by not less than 5/8-inch (15.9 mm) Type X gypsum board.
- Sprinklers are not required for stages 1,000 square feet (93 m2) or less in area and 50 feet (15 240 mm) or less in height where curtains, scenery or other combustible hangings are not retractable vertically. Combustible hangings shall be limited to a single main curtain, borders, legs and a single backdrop.
- Sprinklers are not required within portable orchestra enclosures on stages.
914.6.2 Standpipe system. Standpipe systems shall be provided in accordance with Section 905.
914.7 Special amusement buildings. Special amusement buildings shall comply with Sections 914.7.1 and 914.7.2.
914.7.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Special amusement buildings shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Where the special amusement building is temporary, the sprinkler water supply shall be of an approved temporary means.
Exception: Automatic sprinklers are not required where the total floor area of a temporary special amusement building is less than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) and the travel distance from any point to an exit is less than 50 feet (15 240 mm).
914.7.2 Automatic smoke detection. Special amusement buildings shall be equipped with an automatic smoke detection system in accordance with Section 907.2.12.
914.8 Aircraft-related occupancies. Aircraft-related occupancies shall comply with Sections 914.8.1 through 914.8.5.
914.8.1 Automatic smoke detection systems. Airport traffic control towers shall be provided with an automatic smoke detection system installed in accordance with Section 907.2.22.
170914.8.2 Fire suppression. Aircraft hangars shall be provided with a fire suppression system designed in accordance with NFPA 409, based upon the classification for the hangar given in Table 914.8.2.
Exception: When a fixed base operator has separate repair facilities on site, Group II hangars operated by a fixed base operator used for storage of transient aircraft only shall have a fire suppression system, but the system shall be exempt from foam requirements.
914.8.2.1 Hazardous operations. Any Group III aircraft hangar according to Table 914.8.2 that contains hazardous operations including, but not limited to, the following shall be provided with a Group I or II fire suppression system in accordance with NFPA 409 as applicable:
914.8.2.2 Separation of maximum single fire areas. Maximum single fire areas established in accordance with hangar classification and construction type in Table 914.8.2 shall be separated by 2-hour fire walls constructed in accordance with Section 706 of the California Building Code.
914.8.3 Finishing. The process of “doping,” involving the use of a volatile flammable solvent, or of painting shall be carried on in a separate detached building equipped with automatic fire-extinguishing equipment in accordance with Section 903.
914.8.4 Residential aircraft hangar smoke alarms. Smoke alarms shall be provided within residential aircraft hangars in accordance with Section 907.2.21.
914.8.5 Aircraft paint hangar fire suppression. Aircraft paint hangars shall be provided with fire suppression as required by NFPA 409.
914.9 Application of flammable finishes. An automatic fire-extinguishing system shall be provided in all spray, dip and immersing spaces and storage rooms, and shall be installed in accordance with Chapter 9.
914.10 Drying rooms. Drying rooms designed for high-hazard materials and processes, including special occupancies as provided for in Chapter 4 of the California Building Code, shall be protected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system complying with the provisions of Chapter 9.
914.11 Group B ambulatory health care facilities. Occupancies classified as Group B ambulatory health care facilities shall comply with Sections 914.11.1 through 914.11.3.
914.11.1 Automatic sprinkler systems. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group B ambulatory health care facilities in accordance with Section 903.2.2.
914.11.2 Manual fire alarm systems. A manual fire alarm system shall be provided for Group B ambulatory care facilities in accordance with Section 907.2.2.
914.11.3 Fire alarm systems. An automatic smoke detection system shall be provided for Group B ambulatory care facilities in accordance with Section 907.2.2.1.
MAXIMUM SINGLE FIRE AREA, SQUARE FEET | INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IA | IB | IIA | IIB | IIIA | IIIB | IV | VA | VB | |
For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | |||||||||
a. Aircraft hangars with a door height greater than 28 feet shall be provided with fire suppression for a Group I hangar regardless of maximum fire area. | |||||||||
b. Groups shall be as classified in accordance with NFPA 409. | |||||||||
c. Membrane structures complying with Section 3102 of the International Building Code shall be classified as a Group IV hangar. | |||||||||
>40,001 | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I |
40,000 | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II |
30,000 | Group III | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II |
20,000 | Group III | Group III | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II |
15,000 | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II |
12,000 | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group II | Group II |
8,000 | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group II |
5,000 | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III |
1001.1 General. Buildings or portions thereof shall be provided with a means of egress system as required by this chapter. The provisions of this chapter shall control the design, construction and arrangement of means of egress components required to provide an approved means of egress from structures and portions thereof. Sections 1003 through 1029 shall apply to new construction. Section 1030 shall apply to existing buildings.
Exception: Detached one- and two-family dwellings and multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more than three stories above grade plane in height with a separate means of egress and their accessory structures shall comply with the California Residential Code.
1001.2 Minimum requirements. It shall be unlawful to alter a building or structure in a manner that will reduce the number of exits or the capacity of the means of egress to less than required by this code.
1002.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS. A continuous and unobstructed way of egress travel from any accessible point in a building or facility to a public way.
AISLE. An unenclosed exit access component that defines and provides a path of egress travel.
AISLE ACCESSWAY. That portion of an exit access that leads to an aisle.
ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE. A device that has a series of steps between 50 and 70 degrees (0.87 and 1.22 rad) from horizontal, usually attached to a center support rail in an alternating manner so that the user does not have both feet on the same level at the same time.
AREA OF REFUGE. An area where persons unable to use stairways can remain temporarily to await instructions or assistance during emergency evacuation.
BLEACHERS. Tiered seating supported on a dedicated structural system and two or more rows high and is not a building element (see “Grandstands”).
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §4.1(a)] Definitions.
COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL. That portion of exit access which the occupants are required to traverse before two separate and distinct paths of egress travel to two exits are available. Paths that merge are common paths of travel. Common paths of egress travel shall be included within the permitted travel distance.
CORRIDOR. An enclosed exit access component that defines and provides a path of egress travel to an exit.
DOOR, BALANCED. A door equipped with double-pivoted hardware so designed as to cause a semicounter balanced swing action when opening.
EGRESS COURT. A court or yard which provides access to a public way for one or more exits.
EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING. An operable window, door or other similar device that provides for a means of escape and access for rescue in the event of an emergency.
EXIT. That portion of a means of egress system which is separated from other interior spaces of a building or structure by fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protectives as required to provide a protected path of egress travel between the exit access and the exit discharge. Exits include exterior exit doors at the level of exit discharge, vertical exit enclosures, exit passageways, exterior exit stairways, exterior exit ramps and horizontal exits.
EXIT ACCESS. That portion of a means of egress system that leads from any occupied portion of a building or structure to an exit.
EXIT ACCESS DOORWAY. A door or access point along the path of egress travel from an occupied room, area or space where the path of egress enters an intervening room, corridor, unenclosed exit access stair or unenclosed exit access ramp.
EXIT DISCHARGE. That portion of a means of egress system between the termination of an exit and a public way.
EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OF. The story at the point at which an exit terminates and an exit discharge begins.
EXIT ENCLOSURE. An exit component that is separated from other interior spaces of a building or structure by fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protective, and provides for a protected path of egress travel in a vertical or horizontal direction to the exit discharge or the public way.
EXIT, HORIZONTAL. A path of egress travel from one building to an area in another building on approximately the same level, or a path of egress travel through or around a wall or partition to an area on approximately the same level in the same building, which affords safety from fire and smoke from the area of incidence and areas communicating therewith.
EXIT PASSAGEWAY. An exit component that is separated from other interior spaces of a building or structure by fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protectives, and provides for a protected path of egress travel in a horizontal direction to the exit discharge or the public way.
177FIRE EXIT HARDWARE. Panic hardware that is listed for use on fire door assemblies.
FLIGHT. A continuous run of rectangular treads, winders or combination thereof from one landing to another.
FLOOR AREA, GROSS. The floor area within the inside perimeter of the exterior walls of the building under consideration, exclusive of vent shafts and courts, without deduction for corridors, stairways, closets, the thickness of interior walls, columns or other features. The floor area of a building, or portion thereof, not provided with surrounding exterior walls shall be the usable area under the horizontal projection of the roof or floor above. The gross floor area shall not include shafts with no openings or interior courts.
FLOOR AREA, NET. The actual occupied area not including unoccupied accessory areas such as corridors, stairways, toilet rooms, mechanical rooms and closets.
FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC SEATING. Tiered seating having an overall shape and size that is capable of being reduced for purposes of moving or storing and is not a building element.
GRANDSTAND. Tiered seating supported on a dedicated structural system and two or more rows high and is not a building element (see “Bleachers”).
GUARD. A building component or a system of building components located at or near the open sides of elevated walking surfaces that minimizes the possibility of a fall from the walking surface to a lower level.
HANDRAIL. A horizontal or sloping rail intended for grasping by the hand for guidance or support.
MEANS OF EGRESS. A continuous and unobstructed path of vertical and horizontal egress travel from any occupied portion of a building or structure to a public way. A means of egress consists of three separate and distinct parts: the exit access, the exit and the exit discharge.
MERCHANDISE PAD. A merchandise pad is an area for display of merchandise surrounded by aisles, permanent fixtures or walls. Merchandise pads contain elements such as nonfixed and moveable fixtures, cases, racks, counters and partitions as indicated in Section 105.2 of the California Building Code from which customers browse or shop.
NOSING. The leading edge of treads of stairs and of landings at the top of stairway flights.
OCCUPANT LOAD. The number of persons for which the means of egress of a building or portion thereof is designed.
PANIC HARDWARE. A door-latching assembly incorporating a device that releases the latch upon the application of a force in the direction of egress travel.
PHOTOLUMINESCENT. Having the property of emitting light that continues for a length of time after excitation by visible or invisible light has been removed.
PUBLIC WAY. A street, alley or other parcel of land open to the outside air leading to a street, that has been deeded, dedicated or otherwise permanently appropriated to the public for public use and which has a clear width and height of not less than 10 feet (3048 mm).
RAMP. A walking surface that has a running slope steeper than one unit vertical in 20 units horizontal (5-percent slope).
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §4.1 (b)] Definitions.
(b) Residential Dwelling— A house, apartment, motel, hotel or other type of residential dwelling subject to the State Housing Law (Part. 1.5 (commencing with Section 17910), Division 13) of Health and Safety Code and a manufactured home, mobile home, and multi-unit manufactured housing as defined in Part 2 (commencing with Section 18000) of Division 13 of the Health and Safety Code.
SCISSOR STAIR. Two interlocking stairways providing two separate paths of egress located within one stairwell enclosure.
SELF-LUMINOUS. Illuminated by a self-contained power source, other than batteries, and operated independently of external power sources.
SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING. Seating served by means of egress that is not subject to smoke accumulation within or under a structure.
STAIR. A change in elevation, consisting of one or more risers.
STAIRWAY. One or more flights of stairs, either exterior or interior, with the necessary landings and platforms connecting them, to form a continuous and uninterrupted passage from one level to another.
STAIRWAY, EXTERIOR. A stairway that is open on at least one side, except for required structural columns, beams, handrails and guards. The adjoining open areas shall be either yards, courts or public ways. The other sides of the exterior stairway need not be open.
STAIRWAY, INTERIOR. A stairway not meeting the definition of an exterior stairway.
STAIRWAY, SPIRAL. A stairway having a closed circular form in its plan view with uniform section-shaped treads attached to and radiating from a minimum-diameter supporting column.
SUITE. A group of patient treatment rooms or patient sleeping rooms within Group I-2 occupancies where staff are in attendance within the suite, for supervision of all patients within the suite and the suite is in compliance with the requirements of Sections 1014.2.2 through 1014.2.7.
WINDER. A tread with nonparallel edges.
1003.1 Applicability. The general requirements specified in Sections 1003 through 1013 shall apply to all three elements of the means of egress system, in addition to those specific requirements for the exit and the exit discharge detailed elsewhere in this chapter.
178Exception: Exiting requirements for Fixed Guideway Transit Systems shall be as per Section 433.3 of the California Building Code.
1003.2 Ceiling height. The means of egress shall have a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet 6 inches (2286 mm).
Exceptions:
- Sloped ceilings in accordance with Section 1208.2 of the California Building Code.
- Ceilings of dwelling units and sleeping units within residential occupancies in accordance with Section 1208.2 of the California Building Code.
- Allowable projections in accordance with Section 1003.3.
- Stair headroom in accordance with Section 1009.2.
- Door height in accordance with Section 1008.1.1.
- Ramp headroom in accordance with Section 1010.5.2.
- The clear height of floor levels in vehicular and pedestrian traffic areas in parking garages in accordance with Section 406.2.2 of the California Building Code.
- Areas above and below mezzanine floors in accordance with Section 505.1 of the California Building Code.
- In Group I-2, I-2.1 and I-3 occupancies, the means of egress shall have a ceiling height of not less than 8 feet (2439 mm).
1003.3 Protruding objects. Protruding objects shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1003.3.1 through 1003.3.4.
Exception: In Group I-2 and Group I-2.1 occupancies, protruding objects shall not extend more than 12 inches (305 mm) below the minimum ceiling height required by Section 1003.2.
1003.3.1 Headroom. Protruding objects are permitted to extend below the minimum ceiling height required by Section 1003.2 provided a minimum headroom of 80 inches (2032 mm) shall be provided for any walking surface, including walks,corridors, aisles and passageways. Not more than 50 percent of the ceiling area of a means of egress shall be reduced in height by protruding objects.
Exception: Door closers and stops shall not reduce headroom to less than 78 inches (1981 mm).
A barrier shall be provided where the vertical clearance is less than 80 inches (2032 mm) high. The leading edge of such a barrier shall be located 27 inches (686 mm) maximum above the floor.
1003.3.2 Post-mounted objects. A free-standing object mounted on a post or pylon shall not overhang that post or pylon more than 4 inches (102 mm) where the lowest point of the leading edge is more than 27 inches (686 mm) and less than 80 inches (2032 mm) above the walking surface. Where a sign or other obstruction is mounted between posts or pylons and the clear distance between the posts or pylons is greater than 12 inches (305 mm), the lowest edge of such sign or obstruction shall be 27 inches (686 mm) maximum or 80 inches (2032 mm) minimum above the finished floor or ground.
Exception: These requirements shall not apply to sloping portions of handrails between the top and bottom riser of stairs and above the ramp run.
1003.3.3 Horizontal projections. Structural elements, fixtures or furnishings shall not project horizontally from either side more than 4 inches (102 mm) over any walking surface between the heights of 27 inches (686 mm) and 80 inches (2032 mm) above the walking surface.
Exception: Handrails are permitted to protrude 4½ inches (114 mm) from the wall.
1003.3.3.1 Horizontal projections for Group I-2 occupancies. Structural elements, fixtures or furnishings shall not project horizontally from either side more than 1½ inches (38 mm) into the required width of an exit access corridor serving any area caring for one or more non-ambulatory or bedridden persons.
Exceptions:
- Handrails are permitted to protrude 3½ inches (89 mm) from the wall.
- Alcohol-based hand-rub dispensers are permitted to protrude 4 inches (102 mm).
- Manual fire alarm boxes with a protective cover installed are permitted to protrude 4 inches (102 mm).
1003.3.4 Clear width. Protruding objects shall not reduce the minimum clear width of accessible routes as required in Section 1104 of the California Building Code.
1003.4 Floor surface. Walking surfaces of the means of egress shall have a slip-resistant surface and be securely attached.
1003.5 Elevation change. Where changes in elevation of less than 12 inches (305 mm) exist in the means of egress, sloped surfaces shall be used. Where the slope is greater than one unit vertical in 20 units horizontal (5-percent slope), ramps complying with Section 1010 shall be used. Where the difference in elevation is 6 inches (152 mm) or less, the ramp shall be equipped with either handrails or floor finish materials that contrast with adjacent floor finish materials.
Exceptions:
- A single step with a maximum riser height of 7 inches (178 mm) is permitted for buildings with occupancies in Groups F, H, R-2, R-3, S and U at exterior doors not required to be accessible by Chapter 11 of the California Building Code.
- A stair with a single riser or with two risers and a tread is permitted at locations not required to be accessible by Chapter 11 of the California Building Code, provided that the risers and treads comply with Section 1009.4, the minimum depth of the tread is 13 inches (330 mm) and at least one handrail complying with Section 1012 is provided within 30 inches (762 mm) 179 of the centerline of the normal path of egress travel on the stair.
- A step is permitted in aisles serving seating that has a difference in elevation less than 12 inches (305 mm) at locations not required to be accessible by Chapter 11 of the California Building Code, provided that the risers and treads comply with Section 1028.11 and the aisle is provided with a handrail complying with Section 1028.13.
Throughout a story in Group I-2 and Group I-2.1 occupancies, any change in elevation in portions of the exit access that serve nonambulatory persons shall be by means of a ramp or sloped walkway.
1003.6 Means of egress continuity. The path of egress travel along a means of egress shall not be interrupted by any building element other than a means of egress component as specified in this chapter. Obstructions shall not be placed in the required width of a means of egress except projections permitted by this chapter. The required capacity of a means of egress system shall not be diminished along the path of egress travel.
1003.7 Elevators, escalators and moving walks. Elevators, escalators and moving walks shall not be used as a component of a required means of egress from any other part of the building.
Exception: Elevators used as an accessible means of egress in accordance with Section 1007.4.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.31] Restraint.
Restraint shall not be permitted in any building except in Group I occupancies constructed for such use in accordance with the provisions of California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2.
1004.1 Design occupant load. In determining means of egress requirements, the number of occupants for whom means of egress facilities shall be provided shall be determined in accordance with this section. Where occupants from accessory areas egress through a primary space, the calculated occupant load for the primary space shall include the total occupant load of the primary space plus the number of occupants egressing through it from the accessory area.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.27] Overcrowding.
The number of occupants of any building, structure or portion thereof, shall not exceed the permitted or posted capacity.
1004.1.1 Areas without fixed seating. The number of occupants shall be computed at the rate of one occupant per unit of area as prescribed in Table 1004.1.1. For areas without fixed seating, the occupant load shall not be less than that number determined by dividing the floor area under consideration by the occupant per unit of area factor assigned to the occupancy as set forth in Table 1004.1.1. Where an intended use is not listed in Table 1004.1.1, the
FUNCTION OF SPACE | FLOOR AREA IN SQ.FT. PER OCCUPANT |
---|---|
For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2. | |
a. See section 443.2 of the California Building Code. | |
Accessory storage areas, mechanical equipment room | 300 gross |
Agricultural building | 300 gross |
Aircraft hangars | 500 gross |
Airport terminal | |
Baggage claim | 20 gross |
Baggage handling | 300 gross |
Concourse | 100 gross |
Waiting areas | 15 gross |
Assembly | |
Gaming floors (keno, slots, etc.) | 11 gross |
Assembly with fixed seats | See Section 1004.7 |
Assembly without fixed seats | |
Concentrated (chairs only—not fixed) | 7 net |
Standing space | 5 net |
Unconcentrated (tables and chairs) | 15 net |
Bowling centers, allow 5 persons for each lane including 15 feet of runway, and for additional areas | 7 net |
Business areas | 100 gross |
Courtrooms—other than fixed seating areas | 40 net |
Day care | 35 net |
Dormitories | 50 gross |
Educational | |
Classroom area | 20 net |
Shops and other vocational room areas | 50 net |
Exercise rooms | 50 gross |
H-5 Fabrication and manufacturing areas | 200 gross |
Industrial areas | 100 gross |
Institutional areas | |
Inpatient treatment areas | 240 gross |
Outpatient areas | 100 gross |
Sleeping areas | 120 gross |
Kitchens, commercial | 200 gross |
Laboratory | |
Educational | 50 net |
Laboratories, non-educational | 100 net |
Laboratory suitea | 200 gross |
Library | |
Reading rooms | 50 net |
Stack area | 100 gross |
Locker rooms | 50 gross |
Mercantile | |
Areas on other floors | 60 gross |
Basement and grade floor areas | 30 gross |
Storage, stock, shipping areas | 300 gross |
Parking garages | 200 gross |
Residential | 200 gross |
Skating rinks, swimming pools | |
Rink and pool | 50 gross |
Decks | 15 gross |
Stages and platforms | 15 net |
Warehouses | 500 gross |
building official shall establish a use based on a listed use that most nearly resembles the intended use.
Exception: Where approved by the building official, the actual number of occupants for whom each occupied space, floor or building is designed, although less than those determined by calculation, shall be permitted to be used in the determination of the design occupant load.
1004.2 Increased occupant load. The occupant load permitted in any building, or portion there of, is permitted to be increased from that number established for the occupancies in Table 1004.1.1, provided that all other requirements of the code are also met based on such modified number and the occupant load does not exceed one occupant per 7 square feet (0.65 m2) of occupiable floor space. Where required by the building official, an approved aisle, seating or fixed equipment diagram substantiating any increase in occupant load shall be submitted. Where required by the building official, such diagram shall be posted.
1004.3 Posting of occupant load. Every room or space that is an assembly occupancy shall have the occupant load of the room or space posted in a conspicuous place, near the main exit or exit access doorway from the room or space. Posted signs shall be of an approved legible permanent design and shall be maintained by the owner or authorized agent.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.30] Posting of Room Capacity.
Any room having an occupant load of 50 or more persons where fixed seats are not installed, and which is used for assembly, classroom, dining, drinking or similar purposes, shall have the capacity of the room posted in a conspicuous place near the main exit from the room. Posting shall be by means of a durable sign having a contrasting color from the background to which it is attached. Signs shall be of an approved type and shall be maintained in a legible manner by the owner or his authorized agent and shall indicate the number of occupants permitted for each room use. No person shall deface or remove such signs except as authorized by the enforcing agency.
1004.4 Exiting from multiple levels. Where exits serve more than one floor, only the occupant load of each floor considered individually shall be used in computing the required capacity of the exits at that floor, provided that the exit capacity shall not decrease in the direction of egress travel.
1004.5 Egress convergence. Where means of egress from floors above and below converge at an intermediate level, the capacity of the means of egress from the point of convergence shall not be less than the sum of the two floors.
1004.6 Mezzanine levels. The occupant load of a mezzanine level with egress onto a room or area below shall be added to that room or area's occupant load, and the capacity of the exits shall be designed for the total occupant load thus established.
1004.7 Fixed seating. For areas having fixed seats and aisles, the occupant load shall be determined by the number of fixed seats installed therein. The occupant load for areas in which fixed seating is not installed, such as waiting spaces and wheel-chair spaces, shall be determined in accordance with Section 1004.1.1 and added to the number of fixed seats.
For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms, the occupant load shall not be less than the number of seats based on one person for each 18 inches (457 mm) of seating length.
The occupant load of seating booths shall be based on one person for each 24 inches (610 mm) of booth seat length measured at the backrest of the seating booth.
1004.8 Outdoor areas. Yards, patios, courts and similar out-door areas accessible to and usable by the building occupants shall be provided with means of egress as required by this chapter. The occupant load of such outdoor areas shall be assigned by the building official in accordance with the anticipated use. Where outdoor areas are to be used by persons in addition to the occupants of the building, and the path of egress travel from the outdoor areas passes through the building, means of egress requirements for the building shall be based on the sum of the occupant loads of the building plus the outdoor areas.
Exceptions:
- Outdoor areas used exclusively for service of the building need only have one means of egress.
- Both outdoor areas associated with Group R-3 and individual dwelling units of Group R-2.
1004.9 Multiple occupancies. Where a building contains two or more occupancies, the means of egress requirements shall apply to each portion of the building based on the occupancy of that space. Where two or more occupancies utilize portions of the same means of egress system, those egress components shall meet the more stringent requirements of all occupancies that are served.
1005.1 Minimum required egress width. The means of egress width shall not be less than required by this section. The total width of means of egress in inches (mm) shall not be less than the total occupant load served by the means of egress multiplied by 0.3 inches (7.62 mm) per occupant for stairways and by 0.2 inches (5.08 mm) per occupant for other egress components. The width shall not be less then specified elsewhere in this code. Multiple means of egress shall be sized such that the loss of any one means of egress shall not reduce the available capacity to less than 50 percent of the required capacity. The maximum capacity required from any story of a building shall be maintained to the termination of the means of egress.
Exceptions:
- Means of egress complying with Section 1028.
- For Group H-1, H-2, H-3 and H-4 occupancies the total width of means of egress in inches (mm) shall not be less than the total occupant load served by the means of egress multiplied by 0.7 inches (7.62 mm) per occupant for stairways and by 0.4 inches (5.08 mm) per occupant for other egress components.
1005.2 Door encroachment. Doors, when fully opened, and handrails shall not reduce the required means of egress width by more than 7 inches (178 mm). Doors in any position shall not reduce the required width by more than one-half. Other nonstructural projections such as trim and similar decorative
181features shall be permitted to project into the required width a maximum of 1½ inches (38 mm) on each side.
Exception: The restrictions on a door swing shall not apply to doors within individual dwelling units and sleeping units of Group R-2 and dwelling units of Group R-3.
1005.3 Door hardware encroachment. In other than Group 1-2 occupancies, surface-mounted latch release hardware shall be exempt from inclusion in the 7-inch (178 mm) maximum projection requirement of Section 1005.2 when:
1006.1 Illumination required. The means of egress, including the exit discharge, shall be illuminated at all times the building space served by the means of egress is occupied.
Exceptions:
- Occupancies in Group U.
- Aisle accessways in Group A.
- Dwelling units and sleeping units in Groups R-1, R-2 and R-3.
- Sleeping units of Group I, R-2.1 and R-4 occupancies.
1006.2 Illumination level. The means of egress illumination level shall not be less than 1 foot-candle (11 lux) at the walking surface.
Exception: For auditoriums, theaters, concert or opera halls and similar assembly occupancies, the illumination at the walking surface is permitted to be reduced during performances to not less than 0.2 foot-candle (2.15 lux), provided that the required illumination is automatically restored upon activation of a premises' fire alarm system where such system is provided.
1006.3 Illumination emergency power. The power supply for means of egress illumination shall normally be provided by the premises' electrical supply.
In the event of power supply failure, an emergency electrical system shall automatically illuminate all of the following areas:
The emergency power system shall provide power for a duration of not less than 90 minutes and shall consist of storage batteries, unit equipment or an on-site generator. The installation of the emergency power system shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 of the California Building Code.
1006.4 Performance of system. Emergency lighting facilities shall be arranged to provide initial illumination that is at least an average of 1 foot-candle (11 lux) and a minimum at any point of 0.1 foot-candle (1 lux) measured along the path of egress at floor level. Illumination levels shall be permitted to decline to 0.6 foot-candle (6 lux) average and a minimum at any point of 0.06 foot-candle (0.6 lux) at the end of the emergency lighting time duration. A maximum-to-minimum illumination uniformity ratio of 40 to 1 shall not be exceeded.
1007.1 Accessible means of egress required. Accessible means of egress shall comply with this section. Accessible spaces shall be provided with not less than one accessible means of egress. Where more than one means of egress are required by Section 1015.1 or 1021.1 from any accessible space, each accessible portion of the space shall be served by accessible means of egress in at least the same number as required by Section 1015.1 or 1021.1. In addition to the requirements of this chapter, means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, buildings for persons with disabilities, shall also comply with the requirements of Chapters 11A or 11B of the California Building Code, as applicable.
Exceptions:
- Accessible means of egress are not required in alterations to existing buildings.
- One accessible means of egress is required from an accessible mezzanine level in accordance with Section 1007.3, 1007.4 or 1007.5.
- In assembly areas with sloped or stepped aisles, one accessible means of egress is permitted where the common path of travel is accessible and meets the requirements in Section 1028.8.
1007.2 Continuity and components. Each required accessible means of egress shall be continuous to a public way and shall consist of one or more of the following components:
Exceptions:
- Where the exit discharge is not accessible, an exterior area for assisted rescue must be provided in accordance with Section 1007.7.
- Where the exit stairway is open to the exterior, the accessible means of egress shall include either an area of refuge in accordance with Section 1007.6 or an exterior area for assisted rescue in accordance with Section 1007.7
1007.2.1 Elevators required. In buildings where required accessible floor is four or more stories above or below a level of exit discharge, at least one required accessible means of egress shall be an elevator complying with Section 1007.4.
Exceptions:
- In buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the elevator shall not be required on floors provided with a horizontal exit and located at or above the levels of exit discharge.
- In buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the elevator shall not be required on floors provided with a ramp conforming to the provisions of Section 1010.
1007.3 Stairways. In order to be considered part of an accessible means of egress, an exit access stairway as permitted by Section 1016.1 or exit stairway shall have a clear width of 48 inches (1219 mm) minimum between handrails and shall either incorporate an area of refuge within an enlarged floor-level landing or shall be accessed from either an area of refuge complying with Section 1007.6 or a horizontal exit.
Exceptions:
- The area of refuge is not required at open exit access or exit stairways as permitted by Sections 1016.1 and 1022.1 in buildings that are equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
- The clear width of 48 inches (1219 mm) between handrails is not required at exit access stairway as permitted by Section 1016.1 or exit stairways in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
- Areas of refuge are not required at exit stairways in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
- The clear width of 48 inches (1219 mm) between handrails is not required for exit stairways accessed from a horizontal exit.
- Areas of refuge are not required at exit stairways serving open parking garages.
- Areas of refuge are not required for smoke protected seating areas complying with Section 1028.6.2.
- The areas of refuge are not required in Group R-2 occupancies.
1007.4 Elevators. In order to be considered part of an accessible means of egress, an elevator shall comply with the emergency operation and signaling device requirements of Section 2.27 of ASME A17.1. Standby power shall be provided in accordance with Section 604.2.5 of this code and Section 3003 of the California Building Code. The elevator shall be accessed from either an area of refuge complying with Section 1007.6 or a horizontal exit.
Exceptions:
- Elevators are not required to be accessed from an area of refuge or horizontal exit in open parking garages.
- Elevators are not required to be accessed from an area of refuge or horizontal exit in buildings and facilities equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
- Elevators not required to be located in a shaft in accordance with Section 708.2 of the California Building Code are not required to be accessed from an area of refuge or horizontal exit.
- Elevators are not required to be accessed from an area of refuge or horizontal exit for smoke-protected seating areas complying with Section 1028.6.2.
1007.5 Platform lifts. Platform (wheelchair) lifts shall not serve as part of an accessible means of egress, except where allowed as part of a required accessible route in Section 1109.7, Items 1 through 9, of the California Building Code. Standby power shall be provided in accordance with Section 604.2.6 of this code for platform lifts permitted to serve as part of a means of egress.
1007.5.1 Openness. Platform lifts on an accessible means of egress shall not be installed in a fully enclosed hoistway.
1007.6 Areas of refuge. Every required area of refuge shall be accessible from the space it serves by an accessible means of egress. The maximum travel distance from any accessible space to an area of refuge shall not exceed the travel distance permitted for the occupancy in accordance with Section 1016.1. Every required area of refuge shall have direct access to a stairway within an exit enclosure complying with Sections 1007.3 and 1022 or an elevator complying with Section 1007.4. Where an elevator lobby is used as an area of refuge, the shaft and lobby shall comply with Section 1022.9 for smokeproof enclosures except where the elevators are in an area of refuge formed by a horizontal exit or smoke barrier.
Exceptions:
1007.6.1 Size. Each area of refuge shall be sized to accommodate two wheelchair spaces that are not less than 30 inches by 48 inches (762 mm by 1219 mm). The total number of such 30-inch by 48-inch (762 mm by 1219 mm) spaces per story shall be not less than one for every 200 persons of calculated occupant load served by the area of refuge. Such wheelchair space shall not reduce the required means of egress width. Access to any of the required wheelchair spaces in an area of refuge shall not be obstructed by more than one adjoining wheelchair space.
Exception: The enforcing agency may reduce the size of each required area of refuge to accommodate one wheelchair space that is not less than 30 inches by 48 inches on floors where the occupant load is less than 200.
1007.6.2 Separation. Each area of refuge shall be separated from the remainder of the story by a smoke barrier complying with Section 710 of the California Building Code or a horizontal exit complying with Section 1025. Each area of refuge shall be designed to minimize the instruction of smoke.
Exception:Areas of refuge located within an exit enclosure.
1007.6.3 Two-way communication. Areas of refuge shall be provided with a two-way communication system complying with Sections 1007.8.1 and 1007.8.2.
1007.7 Exterior area for assisted rescue. The exterior area for assisted rescue must be open to the outside air and meet the requirements of Section 1007.6.1. Separation walls shall comply with the requirements of Section 705 of the California Building Code for exterior walls. Where walls or openings are between the area for assisted rescue and the interior of the building, the building exterior walls within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of a nonrated wall or unprotected opening shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings within such exterior walls shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than ¾ hour. This construction shall extend vertically from the ground to a point 10 feet (3048 mm) above the floor level of the area for assisted rescue or to the roof line, which ever is lower.
1007.7.1 Openness. The exterior area for assisted rescue shall be at least 50 percent open, and the open area above the guards shall be so distributed as to minimize the accumulation of smoke or toxic gases.
1007.7.2 Exterior exit stairway. Exterior exit stairways that are part of the means of egress for the exterior area for assisted rescue shall provide a clear width of 48 inches (1219 mm) between handrails.
1007.8 Two-way communication. A two-way communication system shall be provided at the elevator landing on each accessible floor that is one or more stories above or below the story of exit discharge complying with Sections 1007.8.1 and 1007.8.2.
Exceptions:
- Two-way communication systems are not required at the elevator landing where the two-way communication system is provided within areas of refuge in accordance with Section 1007.6.3.
- Two-way communication systems are not required on floors provided with exit ramps conforming to the provisions of Section 1010.
1007.8.1 System requirements. Two-way communication systems shall provide communication between each required location and the fire command center or a central control point location approved by the fire department. Where the central control point is not constantly attended, a two-way communication system shall have a timed automatic telephone dial-out capability to a monitoring location or 911. The two-way communication system shall include both audible and visible signals.
1007.8.2 Directions. Directions for the use of the two-way communication system, instructions for summoning assistance via the two-way communication system and written identification of the location shall be posted adjacent to the two-way communication system.
1007.9 Signage. Signage indicating special accessibility provisions shall be provided as shown:
Signage shall comply with the ICC A117.1 requirements for visual character and include the International Symbol of Accessibility. Where exit sign illumination is required by section 1011.2, the signs shall be illuminated. Additionally, tactile signage complying with ICC A117.1 shall be located at each door to an area of refuge and exterior area for assisted rescue in accordance with Section 1011.3.
1007.10 Directional signage. Direction signage indicating the location of the other means of egress and which are accessible means of egress shall be provided at the following:
1007.11 Instructions. In areas of refuge and exterior areas for assisted rescue, instructions on the use of the area under emergency conditions shall be posted. The instructions shall include all of the following:
1007.12 Alarms/emergency warning systems/accessibility. If emergency warning systems are required, they shall activate a means of warning the hearing impaired. Emergency warning systems as part of the fire-alarm system shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 72 as amended in Chapter 45.
1008.1 Doors. Means of egress doors shall meet the requirements of this section. Doors serving a means of egress system shall meet the requirements of this section and Section 1020.2. Doors provided for egress purposes in numbers greater than required by this code shall meet the requirements of this section.
Means of egress doors shall be readily distinguishable from the adjacent construction and finishes such that the doors are easily recognizable as doors. Mirrors or similar reflecting materials shall not be used on means of egress doors. Means of egress doors shall not be concealed by curtains, drapes, decorations or similar materials.
1008.1.1 Size of doors. The minimum width of each door opening shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof and shall provide a clear width of 32 inches (813 mm). Clear openings of doorways with swinging doors shall be measured between the face of the door and the stop, with the door open 90 degrees (1.57 rad). Where this section requires a minimum clear width of 32 inches (813 mm) and a door opening includes two door leaves without a mullion, one leaf shall provide a clear opening width of 32 inches (813 mm). The maximum width of a swinging door leaf shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) nominal. Means of egress doors in a Group I-2 occupancy used for the movement of beds and litter patients shall provide a clear width not less than 44 inches (1054 mm). The height of door openings shall not be less than 80 inches (2032 mm).
Exceptions:
- The minimum and maximum width shall not apply to door openings that are not part of the required means of egress in Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies.
- Door openings to resident sleeping units in Group I-3 occupancies shall have a clear width of not less than 28 inches (711 mm).
- Door openings to storage closets less than 10 square feet (0.93 m2) in area shall not be limited by the minimum width.
- Width of door leaves in revolving doors that comply with Section 1008.1.4.1 shall not be limited.
- Door openings within a dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall not be less than 78 inches (1981 mm) in height.
- Exterior door openings in dwelling units and sleeping units, other than the required exit door, shall not be less than 76 inches (1930 mm) in height.
- In other than Group R-1 occupancies, the minimum widths shall not apply to interior egress doors within a dwelling unit or sleeping unit that is not required to be an Accessible unit, Type A unit or Type B unit.
- Door openings required to be accessible within Type B units shall have a minimum clear width of 31.75 inches (806 mm).
1008.1.1.1 Projections into clear width. There shall not be projections into the required clear width lower than 34 inches (864 mm) above the floor or ground. Projections into the clear opening width between 34 inches (864 mm) and 80 inches (2032 mm) above the floor or ground shall not exceed 4 inches (102 mm).
Exceptions:
- Door closers and door stops shall be permitted to be 78 inches (1980 mm) minimum above the floor.
- In a Group I-2 occupancy, there shall be no projections into the clear width of doors used for the movement of beds and litter patient in the means of egress.
1008.1.2 Door swing. Egress doors shall be of the pivoted or side-hinged swinging type.
185Exceptions:
- Private garages, office areas, factory and storage areas with an occupant load of 10 or less.
- Group I-3 occupancies used as a place of detention.
- Critical or intensive care patient rooms within suites of health care facilities.
- Doors within or serving a single dwelling unit in Groups R-2 and R-3.
- In other than Group H occupancies, revolving doors complying with Section 1008.1.4.1.
- In other than Group H occupancies, horizontal sliding doors complying with Section 1008.1.4.3 are permitted in a means of egress.
- Power-operated doors in accordance with Section 1008.1.4.2.
- Doors serving a bathroom within an individual sleeping unit in Group R-1.
- In other than Group H occupancies, manually operated horizontal sliding doors are permitted in a means of egress from spaces with an occupant load of 10 or less.
- In I-2 and I-2.1 occupancies, exit doors serving an occupant load of 10 or more, may be of the pivoted or balanced type.
Doors shall swing in the direction of egress travel where serving an occupant load of 50 or more persons or a Group H occupancy. For Group L occupancies see Section 443.6.3
In a Group I-2 occupancy, all required exterior egress doors shall open in the direction of egress regardless of the occupant load served.
1008.1.3 Door opening force. The force for pushing or pulling open interior swinging egress doors, other than fire doors, shall not exceed 5 pounds (22 N). For other swinging doors, as well as sliding and folding doors, the door latch shall release when subjected to a 15-pound (67 N) force. The door shall be set in motion when subjected to a 30-pound (133 N) force. The door shall swing to a full-open position when subjected to a 15-pound (67 N) force.
1008.1.3.1 Location of applied forces. Forces shall be applied to the latch side of the door.
1008.1.4 Special doors. Special doors and security grilles shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1008.1.4.1 through 1008.1.4.5.
1008.1.4.1 Revolving doors. Revolving doors shall comply with the following:
INSIDE DIAMETER (feet-inches) | POWER-DRIVEN-TYPE SPEED CONTROL (rpm) | MANUAL-TYPE SPEED CONTROL (rpm) |
---|---|---|
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | ||
6-6 | 11 | 12 |
7-0 | 10 | 11 |
7-6 | 9 | 11 |
8-0 | 9 | 10 |
8-6 | 8 | 9 |
9-0 | 8 | 9 |
9-6 | 7 | 8 |
10-0 | 7 | 8 |
1008.1.4.1.1 Egress component. A revolving door used as a component of a means of egress shall comply with Section 1008.1.4.1 and the following three conditions:
1008.1.4.1.2 Other than egress component. A revolving door used as other than a component of a means of egress shall comply with Section 1008.1.4.1. The collapsing force of a revolving door not used as a component of a means of egress shall not be more than 180 pounds (801 N).
Exception: A collapsing force in excess of 180 pounds (801 N) is permitted if the collapsing force is reduced to not more than 130 pounds (578 N) when at least one of the following conditions is satisfied:
- There is a power failure or power is removed to the device holding the door wings in position.
- There is an actuation of the automatic sprinkler system where such system is provided.
- There is an actuation of a smoke detection system which is installed in accordance with Section 907 to provide coverage in areas within the building which are within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of the revolving doors.
- There is an actuation of a manual control switch, in an approved location and clearly defined, which reduces the holding force to below the 130-pound (578 N) force level.
1008.1.4.2 Power-operated doors. Where means of egress doors are operated by power, such as doors with a photoelectric-actuated mechanism to open the door upon the approach of a person, or doors with power-assisted manual operation, the design shall be such that in the event of power failure, the door is capable of being opened manually to permit means of egress travel or closed where necessary to safeguard means of egress. The forces required to open these doors manually shall not exceed those specified in Section 1008.1.3, except that the force to set the door in motion shall not exceed 50 pounds (220 N). The door shall be capable of swinging from any position to the full width of the opening in which such door is installed when a force is applied to the door on the side from which egress is made. Full-power-operated doors shall comply with BHMA
186A156.10. Power-assisted and low-energy doors shall comply with BHMA A156.19.
Exceptions:
- Occupancies in Group I-3.
- Horizontal sliding doors complying with Section 1008.1.4.3.
- For a biparting door in the emergency breakout mode, a door leaf located within a multiple-leaf opening shall be exempt from the minimum 32-inch (813 mm) single-leaf requirement of Section 1008.1.1, provided a minimum 32-inch (813 mm) clear opening is provided when the two biparting leaves meeting in the center are broken out.
1008.1.4.3 Horizontal sliding doors. In other than Group H occupancies, horizontal sliding doors permitted to be a component of a means of egress in accordance with Exception 6 to Section 1008.1.2 shall comply with all of the following criteria:
1008.1.4.4 Access-controlled egress doors. The entrance doors in a means of egress in buildings with an occupancy in Group A, B, I-2, M, R-1 or R-2 and entrance doors to tenant spaces in occupancies in Groups A, B, I-2, M, R-1 and R-2 are permitted to be equipped with an approved entrance and egress access control system which shall be installed in accordance with all of the following criteria:
1008.1.4.5 Security grilles. In Groups B, F, M and S, horizontal sliding or vertical security grilles are permitted at the main exit and shall be openable from the inside without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort during periods that the space is occupied. The grilles shall remain secured in the full-open position during the period of occupancy by the general public. Where two or more means of egress are required, not more than one-half of the exits or exit access doorways shall be equipped with horizontal sliding or vertical security grilles.
1008.1.4.6 Access-controlled elevator lobby egress doors. When approved by the fire chief, the entrance doors within an elevator lobby in a means of egress of highrise buildings serving offices that are equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and an approved automatic smoke detection system installed in accordance with Section 907, are permitted to be equipped with an approved entrance and egress access control system which shall be installed in accordance with all of the following criteria:
The sign lettering shall be ¾-inch (19.1 mm) high letters by 1/8-inch (3.2 mm) width stroke on a contrasting background.Provide a sign stating:
IN CASE OF EMERGENCY, PUSH PALM
BUTTON. DOOR WILL UNLOCK AND
SECURITY ALARM WILL SOUND.
1008.1.4.7 Special provisions. School classrooms constructed after January 1, 1990, not equipped with automatic sprinkler systems, which have metal grilles or bars on all their windows and do not have at least two exit doors within 3 feet (914 mm) of each end of the classroom opening to the exterior of the building or to a common hallway used for evacuation purposes, shall have an inside release for the grilles or bars on at least one window farthest from the exit doors. The window or windows with the inside release shall be clearly marked as emergency exits.
1008.1.5 Floor elevation. There shall be a floor or landing on each side of a door. Such floor or landing shall be at the same elevation on each side of the door. Landings shall be level except for exterior landings, which are permitted to have a slope not to exceed 0.25 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope).
Exceptions:
- Doors serving individual dwelling units in Groups R-2 and R-3 where the following apply:
- A door is permitted to open at the top step of an interior flight of stairs, provided the door does not swing over the top step.
- Screen doors and storm doors are permitted to swing over stairs or landings.
- Exterior doors as provided for in Section 1003.5, Exception 1, and Section 1020.2, which are not on an accessible route.
- In Group R-3 occupancies not required to be Accessible units, Type A units or Type B units, the landing at an exterior doorway shall not be more than 7¾ inches (197 mm) below the top of the threshold, provided the door, other than an exterior storm or screen door, does not swing over the landing.
- Variations in elevation due to differences in finish materials, but not more than ½ inch (12.7 mm).
- Exterior decks, patios or balconies that are part of Type B dwelling units, have impervious surfaces and that are not more than 4 inches (102 mm) below the finished floor level of the adjacent interior space of the dwelling unit.
1008.1.6 Landings at doors. Landings shall have a width not less than the width of the stairway or the door, whichever is greater. Doors in the fully open position shall not reduce a required dimension by more than 7 inches (178 mm). When a landing serves an occupant load of 50 or more, doors in any position shall not reduce the landing to less than one-half its required width. Landings shall have a length measured in the direction of travel of not less than 44 inches (1118 mm).
Exception: Landing length in the direction of travel in Groups R-3 and U and within individual units of Group R-2 need not exceed 36 inches (914 mm).
1008.1.7 Thresholds. Thresholds at doorways shall not exceed ¾ inch (19.1 mm) in height for sliding doors serving dwelling units or ½ inch (12.7 mm) for other doors. Raised thresholds and floor level changes greater than ¼ inch (6.4 mm) at doorways shall be beveled with a slope not greater than one unit vertical in two units horizontal (50-percent slope).
Exception: The threshold height shall be limited to 7 ¾ inches (197 mm) where the occupancy is Group R-2 or R-3; the door is an exterior door that is not a component of the required means of egress; the door, other than an exterior storm or screen door, does not swing over the landing or step; and the doorway is not on an accessible route as required by Chapter 11 of the California Building Code and is not part of an Accessible unit, Type A unit or Type B unit.
1008.1.8 Door arrangement. Space between two doors in a series shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) minimum plus the width of a door swinging into the space. Doors in a series shall swing either in the same direction or away from the space between the doors.
188Exceptions:
- The minimum distance between horizontal sliding power-operated doors in a series shall be 48 inches (1219 mm).
- Storm and screen doors serving individual dwelling units in Groups R-2 and R-3 need not be spaced 48 inches (1219 mm) from the other door.
- Doors within individual dwelling units in Groups R-2 and R-3 other than within Type A dwelling units.
1008.1.9 Door operations. Except as specifically permitted by this section egress doors shall be readily openable from the egress side without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort.
1008.1.9.1 Hardware. Door handles, pulls, latches, locks and other operating devices on doors required to be accessible by Chapter 11 of the California Building Code shall not require tight grasping, tight pinching or twisting of the wrist to operate.
1008.1.9.2 Hardware height. Door handles, pulls, latches, locks and other operating devices shall be installed 34 inches (864 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1219 mm) maximum above the finished floor. Locks used only for security purposes and not used for normal operation are permitted at any height.
Exception: Access doors or gates in barrier walls and fences protecting pools, spas and hot tubs shall be permitted to have operable parts of the release of latch on self-latching devices at 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum above the finished floor or ground, provided the self-latching devices are not also self-locking devices operated by means of a key, electronic opener or integral combination lock.
1008.1.9.3 Locks and latches. Approved locks and latches shall be permitted to prevent operation of doors where any of the following exists:
1008.1.9.4 Bolt locks. Manually operated flush bolts or surface bolts are not permitted.
Exceptions:
- On doors not required for egress in individual dwelling units or sleeping units.
- Where a pair of doors serves a storage or equipment room, manually operated edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted on the inactive leaf.
- Where a pair of doors serves an occupant load of less than 50 persons in a Group B, F or S occupancy, manually operated edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted on the inactive leaf. The inactive leaf shall contain no doorknobs, panic bars or similar operating hardware.
- Where a pair of doors serves a Group B, F or S occupancy, manually operated edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted on the inactive leaf provided such inactive leaf is not needed to meet egress width requirements and the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. The inactive leaf shall contain no doorknobs, panic bars or similar operating hardware.
- Where a pair of doors serves patient care rooms in Group I-2 occupancies, self-latching edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted on the inactive leaf provided that the inactive leaf is not needed to meet egress width requirements and the inactive leaf contains no doorknobs, panic bars or similar operating hardware.
1008.1.9.5 Unlatching. The unlatching of any door or leaf shall not require more than one operation.
Exceptions:
- Places of detention or restraint.
- Where manually operated bolt locks are permitted by Section 1008.1.9.4.
- Doors with automatic flush bolts as permitted by Section 1008.1.9.3, Exception 3.
- Doors from individual dwelling units and sleeping units of Group R occupancies as permitted by Section 1008.1.9.3, Exception 4.
1008.1.9.5.1 Closet and bathroom doors in Group R-4 occupancies. In Group R-4 occupancies, closet doors that latch in the closed position shall be openable from inside the closet, and bathroom doors that latch in the closed position shall be capable of being unlocked from the ingress side.
1008.1.9.6 Reserved.
1891008.1.9.7 Delayed egress locks. Approved, listed, delayed egress locks shall be permitted to be installed on doors serving any occupancy except Group A, E, H and L occupancies in buildings that are equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and and approved automatic smoke detection system installed in accordance with Section 907, provided that the doors unlock in accordance with Items 1 through 9 below. A building occupant shall not be required to pass through more than one door equipped with a delayed egress lock before entering an exit. Delayed egress devices shall conform to all of the following:
Exception: In facilities housing Alzheimer's or dementia clients, a delay of not more than 30 seconds is permitted.
1008.1.9.8 Electromagnetically locked egress doors. Doors in the means of egress that are not otherwise required to have panic hardware in buildings with an occupancy in Group A, B, E, M, R-1 or R-2 and doors to tenant spaces in Group A, B, E, M, R-1 or R-2 shall be permitted to be electromagnetically locked if equipped with listed hardware that incorporates a built-in switch and meet the requirements below:
1008.1.9.9 Reserved.
1008.1.9.10 Stairway doors. Interior stairway means of egress doors shall be openable from both sides without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort.
Exceptions:
- Stairway discharge doors shall be openable from the egress side and shall only be locked from the opposite side.
- This section shall not apply to doors arranged in accordance with Section 403.5.3 of the California Building Code.
- In stairways serving not more than four stories, doors are permitted to be locked from the side opposite the egress side, provided they are openable from the egress side and capable of being unlocked simultaneously without unlatching upon a signal from the fire command center, if present, or a signal by emergency personnel from a single location inside the main entrance to the building.
1008.1.10 Panic and fire exit hardware. Doors serving a Group H occupancy and doors serving rooms or spaces with an occupant load of 50 or more in a Group A occupancy, assembly area not classified as an assembly occupancy, E, I-2 or I-1.1 occupancies shall not be provided with a latch or lock unless it is panic hardware or fire exit hardware. For Group L occupancies see Section 443.6.3.
Exception: A main exit of a Group A occupancy in compliance with Section 1008.1.9.3, Item 2.
Electrical rooms with equipment rated 1,200 amperes or more and over 6 feet (1829 mm) wide that contain overcurrent devices, switching devices or control devices with exit or exit access doors shall be equipped with panic
190hard ware or fire exit hardware. The doors shall swing in the direction of egress travel.
1008.1.10.1 Installation. Where panic or fire exit hardware is installed, it shall comply with the following:
1008.1.10.2 Balanced doors. If balanced doors are used and panic hardware is required, the panic hardware shall be the push-pad type and the pad shall not extend more than one-half the width of the door measured from the latch side.
1008.2 Gates. Gates serving the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of this section. Gates used as a component in a means of egress shall conform to the applicable requirements for doors.
Exception: Horizontal sliding or swinging gates exceeding the 4-foot (1219 mm) maximum leaf width limitation are permitted in fences and walls surrounding a stadium.
1008.2.1 Stadiums. Panic hardware is not required on gates surrounding stadiums where such gates are under constant immediate supervision while the public is present, and where safe dispersal areas based on 3 square feet (0.28 m2) per occupant are located between the fence and enclosed space. Such required safe dispersal areas shall not be located less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the enclosed space. See Section 1027.6means of egress from safe dispersal areas.
1008.3 Turstiles. Turnstiles or similar devices that restrict travel to one direction shall not be placed so as to obstruct any required means of egress.
Exception: Each turnstile or similar device shall be credited with no more than a 50-person capacity where all of the following provisions are met:
- Each device shall turn free in the direction of egress travel when primary power is lost, and upon the manual release by an employee in the area.
- Such devices are not given credit for more than 50 percent of the required egress capacity.
- Each device is not more than 39 inches (991 mm) high.
- Each device has at least 16½ inches (419 mm) clear width at and below a height of 39 inches (991 mm) and at least 22 inches (559 mm) clear width at heights above 39 inches (991 mm).
Where located as part of an accessible route, turnstiles shall have at least 36 inches (914 mm) clear at and below a height of 34 inches (864 mm), at least 32 inches (813 mm) clear width between 34 inches (864 mm) and 80 inches (2032 mm) and shall consist of a mechanism other than a revolving device.
1008.3.1 High turnstile. Turnstiles more than 39 inches (991 mm) high shall meet the requirements for revolving doors.
1008.3.2 Additional door. Where serving an occupant load greater than 300, each turnstile that is not portable shall have a side-hinged swinging door which conforms to Section 1008.1 within 50 feet (15 240 mm).
1009.1 Stairway width. The width of stairways shall be determined as specified in Section 1005.1,but such width shall not be less than 44 inches (118 mm). See Section 1007.3 for accessible means of egress stairways.
Exceptions:
- Stairways serving an occupant load of less than 50 shall have a width of not less than 36 inches (914 mm).
- Spiral stairways as provided for in Section 1009.9.
- Aisle stairs complying with Section 1028.
- Where an incline platform lift or stairway chairlift is installed on stairways serving occupancies in Group R-3, or within dwelling units in occupancies in Group R-2, a clear passage width not less than 20 inches (508 mm) shall be provided. If the seat and platform can be folded when not in use, the distance shall be measured from the folded position.
Means of egress stairs in a Group 1-2 occupancy used for the movement of beds and litter patients shall provide a clear width not less than 44 inches (1118 mm).
1009.2. Headroom. Stairways shall have a minimum headroom clearance of 80 inches (2032 mm) measured vertically from a line connecting the edge of the nosings. Such headroom shall be continuous above the stairway to the point where the line intersects the landing below, one tread depth beyond the bottom riser. The minimum clearance shall be maintained the full width of the stairway and landing.
191Exceptions:
- Spiral stairways complying with Section 1009.9 are permitted a 78-inch (1981 mm) headroom clearance.
- In Group R-3 occupancies; within dwelling units in Group R-2 occupancies: and in Group U occupancies that are accessory to a Group R-3 occupancy or accessory to individual dwelling units in Group R-2 occupancies; where the nosings of treads at the side of the flight extend under the edge of a floor opening through which the stair passes, the floor opening shall be allowed to project horizontally into the required headroom a maximum of 4¾ inches (121 mm).
1009.3 Walkline. The walkline across winder treads shall be concentric to the direction of travel through the turn and located 12 inches (305 mm) from the side where the winders are narrower. The 12-inch (305 mm) dimension shall be measured from the widest point of the clear stair width at the walking surface of the winder. If winders are adjacent within the flight, the point of the widest clear stair width of the adjacent winders shall be used.
1009.4 Stair treads and risers. Stair treads and risers shall comply with Sections 1009.4.1 through 1009.4.5.
1009.4.1 Dimension reference surfaces. For the purpose of this section, all dimensions are exclusive of carpets, rugs or runners.
1009.4.2 Riser height and tread depth. Stair riser heights shall be 7 inches (178 mm) maximum and 4 inches (102 mm) minimum. The riser height shall be measured vertically between the leading edges of adjacent treads. Rectangular tread depths shall be 11 inches (279 mm) minimum measured horizontally between the vertical planes of the foremost projection of adjecent treads and at a right angle to the tread's leading edge. Winder treads shall have a minimum tread depth of 11 inches (279 mm) measured between the vertical planes of the foremost projection of adjacent treads at the intersections with the walkline and a minimum tread depth of 10 inches (254 mm) within the clear width of the stair.
Exceptions:
1009.4.3 Winder treads. Winder treads are not permitted in means of egress stairways except within a dwelling unit.
Exceptions:
- Curved stairways in accordance with Section 1009.8.
- Spiral Stairways in accordance with Section 1009.9.
1009.4.4 Dimensional uniformity. Stair treads and risers shall be of uniform size and shape. The tolerance between the largest and smallest riser height or between the largest and smallest tread depth shall not exceed 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in any flight of stairs. The greatest winder tread depth at the walkline within any flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest by more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm).
Exceptions:
- Nonuniform riser dimensions of aisle stairs complying with Section 1028.11.2.
- Consistently shaped winders, complying with Section 1009.4.2. differing from rectangular treads in the same stairway flight.
Where the bottom or top riser adjoins a sloping public way, walkway or driveway having an established grade and serving as a landing, the bottom or top riser is permitted to be reduced along the slope to less than 4 inches (102 mm) in height, with the variation in height of the bottom or top riser not to exceed one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8-percent slope) of stairway width. The nosings or leading edges of treads at such nonuniform height risers shall have a distinctive marking stripe, different from any other nosing marking provided on the stair flight. The distinctive marking stripe shall be visible in descent of the stair and shall have a slip-resistant surface. Marking stripes shall have a width of at least 1 inch (25 mm) but not more than 2 inches (51 mm).
1009.4.5 Profile. The radius of curavature at the leading edge of the tread shall be not greater than 9/16 inch (14.3 mm). Beveling of nosings shall not exceed 9/16 inch (14.3 mm). Risers shall be solid and vertical or sloped under the tread above from the underside of the nosing above at an angle not more than 30 degrees (0.52 rad) from the vertical. The leading edge (nosings) of treads shall project not more than 1¼ inches (32 mm) beyond the tread below and all projections of the leading edges shall be of uniform size, including the leading edge of the floor at the top of a flight.
Exceptions:
- Solid risers are not required for stairways that are not required to comply with Section 1007.3, provided that the opening between treads does not 192 Permit the passage of a sphere with a diameter of 4 inches (102 mm).
- Solid risers are not required for occupancies in Group I-3 or in Group F, H and S occupancies other than areas accessible to the public. There are no restrictions on the size of the opening in the riser.
- Solid risers are not required for Spiral stairways constructed in accordance with Section 1009.9.
- Solid risers are not required for alternating tread devices constructed in accordance with Section 1009.10.
1009.5 Stairway landings. There shall be a floor or landing at the top and bottom of each stairway. The width of landings shall not be less than the width of stairways they serve. Every landing shall have a minimum dimension measured in the direction of travel equal to the width of the stairway. Such dimension need not exceed 48 inches (1219 mm) where the stairway has a straight run. Doors opening onto a landing shall not reduce the landing to less than one-half the required width. When fully open, the door shall not project more than 7 inches (178 mm) into a landing. When wheelchair spaces are required on the stairway landing in accordance with Section 1007.6.1, the wheelchair space shall not be located in the required width of the landing and doors shall not swing over the wheelchair spaces.
Exceptions:
- Aisle stairs complying with Section 1028.
- InGroup R-3 occupancies a floor or landing is not required at the top of an interior flight of stairs, including stairs in an enclosed garage, provided a door does not swing over the stairs.
1009.6 Stairway construction. All stairways shall be built of materials consistent with the types permitted for the type of construction of the building, except that wood handrails shall be permitted for all types of construction.
1009.6.1 Stairway walking surface. The walking surface of treads and landings of a stairway shall not be sloped steeper than one unit vertical in 48 units horizontal (2-percent slope) in any direction. Stairway treads and landings shall have a solid surface. Finish floor surfaces shall be securely attached.
Exceptions:
- Openings in stair walking surfaces shall be a size that does not permit the passage of ½-inch-diameter (12.7 mm) sphere. Elongated opening shall be placed so that the long dimension is perpendicular to the direction of travel.
- In Group F, H and S occupancies, other than areas of parking structures accessible to the public, openings in treads and landings shall not be prohibited provided a sphere with a diamenter of 11/8 inches (29 mm) cannot pass through the opening.
1009.6.2 Outdoor conditions. Outdoor stairways and outdoor approaches to stairways shall be designed so that water will not accumulate on walking surfaces.
1009.6.3 Enclosures under stairways. The walls and soffits within enclosed usable spaces under enclosed and unenclosed stairways shall be protected by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or the fire-resistance rating of the stairway enclosure, whichever is greater. Access to the enclosed space shall not be directly from within the stair enclosure.
Exception: Spaces under stairways serving and contained within a single residential dwelling unit in Group R-2 or R-3 shall be permitted to be protected on the enclosed side with ½-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board.
There shall be no enclosed usable space under exterior exit stairways unless the space is completely enclosed in 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. The open space under exterior stairways shall not be used for any purpose.
1009.7 Vertical rise. A flight of stairs shall not have a vertical rise greater than 12 feet (3658 mm) between floor levels or landings.
Exceptions:
- Aisle stairs complying with Section 1028.
- Alternating tread devices used as a means of egress shall not have a rise greater than 20 feet (6096 mm) between floor levels or landings.
1009.8 Curved stairways. Curved stairways with winder treads shall have treads and risers in accordance with Section 1009.4 and the smallest radius shall not be less than twice the required width of the stairway.
Exception: The radius restruction shall not apply to curved stairways for occupancies in Group R-3 and within individual dwelling units in occupancies in Group R-2.
1009.9 Spiral stairways.Spiral stairways are permitted to be used as a component in the means of egress only within dwelling units or from a space not more than 250 square feet (23 m2) in area and serving not more than five occupants, or from galleries, catwalks and gridirons in accordance with Section 1015.6.
A Spiral stairway shall have a 7½-inch (191 mm) minimum clear tread depth at a point 12 inches (305 mm) from the narrow edge. The risers shall be sufficient to provide a headroom of 78 inches (1981 mm) minimum, but riser height shall not be more than 9½ inches (241 mm). The minimum stairway clear width at and below the handrail shall be 26 inches (660 mm).
1009.10 Alternating tread devices. Alternating tread devices are limited to an element of a means of egress in buildings of Groups F, H and S from a mazzanine not more than 250 square feet (23 m2) in area and which serves not more than five occupants; in buildings of Group 1-3 from a guard tower, observation station or control room not more than 250 square feet (23 m2) in area and for access to unoccupied roofs.
1009.10.1 Handrails of alternating tread devices.Handrails shall be provided on both sides of alternating tread devices and shall comply with Section 1012.
1931009.10.2 Treads of alternating tread devices. Alternating tread devices shall have a minimum projected tread of 5 inches (127 mm), a minimum tread depth of 8½ inches (216 mm), a minimum tread width of 7 inches (178 mm) and a maximum riser height of 9½ inches (241 mm). The projected tread depth shall be measured horizontally between the vertical planes of the foremost projections of adjacent treads. The raiser height shall be measured vertically between the leading edges of adjacent treads. The combination of riser height and projected tread depth provided shall result in an alternating tread device angle that complies with Section 1002. The initial tread of the device shall begin at the same elevation as the platform, landing or floor surface.
Exception: Alternating tread devices used as an element of a means of egress in buildings from a mezzanine area not more than 250 square feet (23 m2) in area which serves not more than five occupants shall have a minimum projected tread of 8½ inches (216 mm) with a minimum tread depth of 10½ inches (267 mm). The rise to the next alternating tread surface should not be more than 8 inches (203 mm).
1009.11 Ship ladders. Ship ladders are permitted to be used in Group I-3 as a component of a means of egress to and from control rooms or elevated facility observation stations not more than 250 square feet (23 m2) with not more than three occupants and for access to unoccupied roofs.
Ship ladders shall have a minimum tread depth of 5 inches (127 mm). The tread shall be projected such that the total of the tread depth plus the nosing projection is not less than 8½ inches (216 mm). The maximum riser height shall be 9½ inches (241 mm).
Handrails shall be provided on both sides of ship ladders. The minimum clear width at and below the handrails shall be 20 inches (508 mm).
1009.12 Handrails. Stairways shall have handrails on each side and shall comply with Section 1012. Where glass is used to provide the handrail, the handrail shall also comply with Section 2407.
Exceptions:
- handrails for aisle stairs are not required where permitted by Section 1028.13.
- Stairways within dwelling units,spiral stairways and aisle stairs serving seating only on one side are permitted to have a handrail on the side only.
- Decks, patios and walkways that have a single change in elevation where the landing depth on each side of the change of elevation is greater than what is required for a landing do not require handrails.
- In Group R-3 occupancies, a continuous run of treads or flight of stars with less than four risers does not require handrails.
- Changes in room elevations of three or fewer risers within dwelling units and sleeping units in Groups R-2 and R-3 do not require handrails.
1009.13 Stairway to roof. In buildings four or more stories above grade plane, one stairway shall extend to the roof surface, unless the roof has a slope steeper than four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope). In buildings without an occupied roof, access to the roof from the top story shall be permitted to be by an alternating tread device.
1009.13.1 Roof access. Where a stairway is provided to a roof, access to the roof shall be provided through a penthouse complying with Section 1509.2 of the California Building Code.
Exception: In buildings without an occupied roof, access to the roof shall be permitted to be a roof hatch or trap door not less than 16 square feet (1.5 m2) in area and having a minimum dimension of 2 feet (610 mm).
1009.13.2 Protection at roof hatch openings. Where the roof hatch opening providing the required access is located within 10 feet (3049 mm) of the roof edge, such roof access of roof edge shall be protected by guards installed in accordance with the provisions of Section 1013.
1009.14 Stairway to elevator equipment. Roofs and pent houses containing elevator equipment that must be accessed for maintenance are required to be accessed by a stairway.
1010.1 Scope. The provisions of this sections shall apply to ramps used as a component of a means of egress.
Exceptions:
- Other than ramps that are part of the accessible routes providing access in accordance with Sections 1108.2 through 1108.2.4 and 1108.2.6 of the California Building Code, ramped aisles within assembly rooms or spaces shall conform with the provisions in Section 1028.11.
- Curb ramps shall comply with ICC A 117.1.
- Vehicle ramps in parking garages for pedestrian exit access shall not be required to comply with Sections 1010.3 through 1010.9 when they are not an accessible route serving accessible parking spaces, other required accessible elements or part of an accessible means of egress.
1010.2 Slope. Ramps used as part of a means of egress shall have a running slope not steeper than one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8-percent slope). The slope of other pedestrian ramps shall not be steeper than one unit vertical in eight units horizontal (12.5-percent slope).
Exception: Aisle ramp slopt in occupancies of Group A or assembly occupancies accessory to Group E occupancies shall comply with Section 1028.11.
1010.3 Cross slope. The slope measured perpendicular to the direction of travel of a ramp shall not be steeper than one unit vertical in 48 units horizontal (2-percent slope).
1010.4 Vertical rise. The rise for any ramp run shall be 30 inches (762 mm) maximum.
1941010.5 Minimum dimensions. The minimum dimensions of means of egress ramps shall comply with Sections 1010.5.1 through 1010.5.3.
1010.5.1 Width. The minimum width of a means of egress ramp shall not be less than that required for corridors by Section 1018.2. The clear width of a ramp between handrails, if provided, or other permisible projections shall be 36 inches (914 mm) minimum.
1010.5.2 Headroom. The minimum headroom in all parts of the means of egress ramp shall not be less than 80 inches (2332 mm).
1010.5.3 Restrictions. Means of egress ramps shall not reduce in width in the direction of egress travel. Projections into the required ramp and landing width are prohibited. Doors opening onto a landing shall not reduce the clear width to less than 42 inches (1067 mm).
1010.6 Landings. Ramps shall have landings at the bottom and top of each ramp, points of turning, entrance, exits and at doors. Landings shall comply with Sections 1010.6.1. through 1010.6.5.
1010.6.1 Slope. Landings shall have a slope not steeper than one unit vertical in 48 units horizontal (2-Percent slope) in any direction. Changes in level are not permitted.
1010.6.2 Width. The landing shall be at least as wide as the widest ramp run adjoining the landing.
1010.6.3 Length. The landing length shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.
Exceptions:
- In Group R-2 and R-3 individual dwelling and sleeping units that are not required to be Accessible units, Type A units or Type B units in accordance with Section 1107 of the California Building Code, landings are permitted to be 36 inches (914 mm) minimum.
- Where the ramp is not a part of an accessible route, the length of the landing shall not be required to be more than 48 inches (1220 mm) in the direction of travel.
1010.6.4 Change in direction. Where changes in direction of travel occur at landings provided between ramp runs, the landing shall be 60 inches by (1524 mm by 1524 mm) minimum.
Exception: In Group R-2 and R-3 individual dwelling or sleeping units that are not required to be Accessible units, Type A units or Type B units in accordance with Section 1107 of the California Building Code, landings are permitted to be 36 inches by 36 inches (914 mm by 914 mm) minimum.
1010.6.5 Doorways. Where doorways are located adjacent to a ramp landing, maneuvering clearances required by ICC A117.1 are permitted to overlap the required landing area.
1010.7 Ramp construction. All ramps shall be built of materials consistent with the types permitted for the type of construction of the building, except that wood handrails shall be permitted for all types of construction. Ramps used as an exit shall conform to the applicable requirements of Sections 1022.1 through 1022.6 for exit enclosures.
1010.7.1 Ramp surface. The surface of ramps shall be of slip-resistant materials that are securely attached.
1010.7.2 Outdoor conditions. Outdoor ramps and outdoor approaches to ramps shall be designed so that water will not accumulate on walking surfaces.
1010.8 Handrails. Ramps with a rise greater than 6 inches (152 mm) shall have handrails on both sides. Handrails shall comply with Section 1012.
Exception: Handrails for ramped aisles are not required where permitted by Section 1028.13.
1010.9 Edge protection. Edge protection complying with Section 1010.9.1 or 1010.9.2. shall be provided on each side of ramp runs and at each side of ramp landings.
Exceptions:
- Edge protection is not required on ramps that are not required to have handrails, provided they have flared sides that comply with the ICC A117.1 curb ramp provisions.
- Edge protection is not required on the sides of ramp landings serving an adjoining ramp run or stairway.
- Edge protection is not required on the sides of ramp landings having a vertical drop off of not more than ½ inch (12.7 mm) within 10 inches (254 mm) horizontally of the required landing area.
- In assembly spaces with fixed seating, edge protection is not required on the sides of ramps where the ramps provid access to the adjacent seating and aisle accessways.
1010.9.1. Curb, rail, wall or barrier. A curb, rail, wall or barrier shall be provided to serve as edge protection. A curb must be a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) in height. Barriers must be constructed so that the barrier prevents the passage of a 4-inch-diameter (102 mm) sphere, where any portion of the sphere is within 4 inches (102 mm) of the floor or ground surface.
1010.9.2 Extended floor or ground surface. The floor or ground surface of the ramp run or landing shall extend 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the inside face of a handrail complying with Section 1012.
1010.10 Guards. Guards shall be provided where required by Section 1013 and shall be constructed in accordance with Section 1013.
1011.1 Where required.Exits and exit access doors shall be marked by an approved exit sign readily visible from any direction of egress travel. The path of egress travel to exits and within exits shall be marked by readily visible exit signs to clearly indicate the direction of egress travel in cases where the exit or the path of egress travel is not immediately visible to the occupants. Intervening means of egress doors within exits shall
195be marked by exit signs. Exit sign placement shall be such that no point in an exit access corridor or exit passageway is more than 100 feet (30 480 mm) or the listed viewing distance for the sign, whichever is less, from the nearest visible exit sign.
Exceptions:
- Exit signs are not required in rooms or areas that require only one exit or exit access.
- Main exterior exit doors or gates that are obviously and clearly identifiable as exits need not have exit signs where approved by the building official.
- Exit signs are not required in occupancies in Group U and individual sleeping units or dwelling units in Group R-1, R-2, R-3 or R-3.1.
- Exit signs are not required where inmates are housed, or held in occupancies in Group I-3.
- In occupancies in Groups A-4 and A-5, exit signs are not required on the seating side of vomitories or openings into seating areas where exit signs are provided in the concourse that are readily apparent from the vomitories. Egress lighting is provided to identify each vomitory or opening within the seating area in an emergency.
1011.2 Illumination. Exit signs shall be internally or externally illuminated.
Exception: Tactile signs required by Section 1011.3 need not be provided with illumination.
1011.3 Tactile exit signs. For the purposes of Section 1011.3, the term “tactile exit signs” shall mean those required signs that comply with Section 1117B.5.1 Item 1. Tactile exit signs shall be required at the following locations:
1011.4 Internally illuminated exit signs. Electrically powered, self-luminous and photoluminescent exit signs shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 924 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and Chapter 27 of the California Building Code. Exit signs shall be illuminated at all times.
1011.5 Externally illuminated exit signs. Externally illuminated exit signs shall comply with Sections 1011.5.1 through 1011.5.3.
1011.5.1 Graphics. Every exit sign and directional exit sign shall have plainly legible letters not less than 6 inches (152 mm) high with the principal strokes of the letters not less than ¾ inch (19.1 mm) wide. The word “EXIT” shall have letters having a width not less than 2 inches (51 mm) wide, except the letter “I,” and the minimum spacing between letters shall not be less than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm). Signs larger than the minimum established in this section shall have letter widths, strokes and spacing in proportion to their height.
The word “EXIT” shall be in high contrast with the background and shall be clearly discernible when the means of exit sign illumination is or is not energized. If a chevron directional indicator is provided as part of the exit sign, the construction shall be such that the direction of the chevron directional indicator cannot be readily changed.
1011.5.2 Exit sign illumination. The face of an exit sign illuminated from an external source shall have an intensity of not less than 5 foot-candles (54 lux).
1011.5.3 Power source. Exit signs shall be illuminated at all times. To ensure continued illumination for a duration of not less than 90 minutes in case of primary power to loss, the sign illumination means shall be connected to an emergency power system provided from storage batteries, unit equipment or an on-site generator. The installation of the emergency power system shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 of the California Building Code.
Exception: Approved exit sign illumination means that provide continuous illumination independent of external power sources for a duration of not less than 90 minutes, in case of primary power loss, are not required to be connected to an emergency electrical system.
1011.6 Floor-level exit signs. Where exit signs are required by Chapter 10, additional approved low-level exit signs which are internally or externally illuminated photoluminescent or self-luminous, shall be provided in all interior corridors of Group A, E, I and R-2.1 occupancies and in all interior rated exit corridors serving guest rooms of hotels in Group R, Division 1 occupancies.
Exceptions:
- Group A occupancies that are protected throughout by an approved supervised fire sprinkler system.
- Group E occupancies where direct exits have been provided from each classroom.
- Group I and R-2.1 occupancies which are provided with smoke barriers constructed in accordance with Section 407.4.
- Group I-3 occupancies.
The bottom of the sign shall not be less than 6 inches (152 mm) or more than 8 inches (203 mm) above the floor level and
196shall indicate the path of exit travel. For exit and exit-access doors, the sign shall be on the door or adjacent to the door with the closest edge of the sign or marker within 4 inches (102 mm) of the door frame.
Note: Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143, this California amendment applies to all newly constructed buildings or structures subject to this section for which a building permit is issued (or construction commenced, where no building permit is issued) on or after January 1, 1989.
1011.7 Path marking. When exit signs are required by Chapter 10, in addition to approved floor-level exit signs, approved path marking shall be installed at floor level or no higher than 8 inches (203 mm) above the floor level in all interior rated exit corridors of unsprinklered Group A occupancies, and Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies. Such marking shall be continuous except as interrupted by door-ways, corridors or other such architectural features in order to provide a visible delineation along the path of travel.
Note: Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143, the California amendments of this section shall apply to all newly constructed buildings or structures subject to this section for which a building permit is issued (or construction commenced, where no building permit is issued) on or after January 1, 1989.
1012.1 Where required. Handrails for stairways and ramps shall be adequate in strength and attachment in accordance with Section 1607.7 of the California Building Code. Handrails required for stairways by Section 1009.12 shall comply with Sections 1012.2 through 1012.9. Handrails required for ramps by Section 1010.8 shall comply with Sections 1012.2 through 1012.8.
1012.2 Height. Handrail height, measured above stair tread nosings, or finish surface of ramp slope, shall be uniform, not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965 mm). Handrail height of alternating tread devices and ship ladders, measured above tread nosings, shall be uniform, not less than 30 inches (762 mm) and not more than 34 inches (864 mm).
1012.3 Handrail graspability. All required handrails shall comply with Section 1012.3.1 or shall provide equivalent graspability.
Exception: In Group R-3 occupancies; within dwelling units in Group R-2 occupancies; and in Group U occupancies that are accessory to a Group R-3 occupancy or accessory to individual dwelling units in Group R-2 occupancies; handrails shall be Type I in accordance with Section 1012.3.1, Type II in accordance with Section 1012.3.2 for shall provide equivalent graspability.
1012.3.1 Type I. Handrails with a circular cross section shall have an outside diameter of at least 1¼ inches (32 mm) and not greater than 2 inches (51 mm). If the handrail is not circular, it shall have a perimeter dimension of at least 4 inches (102 mm) and not greater than 6¼ inches (160 mm) with a maximum cross-section dimension of 2¼ inches (57 mm). Edges shall have a minimum radius of 0.01 inch (0.25 mm).
1012.3.2 Type II. Handrails with a perimeter greater than 6¼ inches (160 mm) shall provide a graspable finger recess area on both sides of the profile. The finger recess shall begin within a distance of ¾ inch (19 mm) measured vertically from the tallest portion of the profile and achieve a depth of at least 5/16 inch (8 mm) within 7/8 inch (22 mm) below the widest portion of the profile. This required depth shall continue for at least 3/8 inch (10 mm) to a level that is not less than 1¾ inches (45 mm) below the tallest portion of the profile. The minimum width of the handrail above the recess shall be 1¼ inches (32 mm) to a maximum of 2¾ inches (70 mm). Edges shall have a minimum radius of 0.01 inch (0.25 mm).
1012.4 Continuity. Handrail-gripping surfaces shall be continuous, without interruption by newel posts or other obstructions.
Exceptions:
- Handrails within dwelling units are permitted to be interrupted by a newel post at a turn or landing.
- Within a dwelling unit, the use of a volute, turnout, starting easing or starting newel is allowed over the lowest tread.
- Handrail brackets or balusters attached to the bottom surface of the handrail that do not project horizontally beyond the sides of the handrail within 1½ inches (38 mm) of the bottom of the handrail shall not be considered obstructions. For each ½ inch (12.7 mm) of additional handrail perimeter dimension above 4 inches (102 mm), the vertical clearance dimension of 1½ inches (38 mm) shall be permitted to be reduced by 1/8 inch (3 mm).
- Where handrails are provided along walking surfaces with slopes not steeper than 1:20, the bottoms of the handrail gripping surfaces shall be permitted to be obstructed along their entire length where they are integral to crash rails or bumper guards.
1012.5 Fittings. Handrails shall not rotate within their fittings.
1012.6 Handrail extensions. Handrails shall return to a wall, guard or the walking surface or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight or ramp run. Where handrails are not continuous between flights, the handrails shall extend horizontally at least 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the top riser and continue to slope for the depth of one tread beyond the bottom riser. At ramps where handrails are not continuous between runs, the handrails shall extend horizontally above the landing 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the top and bottom of ramp runs. The extensions of handrails shall be in the same direction of the stair flights at stairways and the ramp runs at ramps.
Exceptions:
- Handrails within a dwelling unit that is not required to be accessible need extend only from the top riser to the bottom riser. 197
- Aisle handrails in Group A and E occupancies in accordance with Section 1028.13.
- Handrails for alternating tread devices and ship ladders are permitted to terminate at a location vertically above the top and bottom risers. Handrails for alternating tread devices and ship ladders are not required to be continuous between flights or to extend beyond the top or bottom risers.
1012.7 Clearance. Clear space between a handrail and a wall or other surface shall be a minimum of 1½ inches (38 mm). A handrail and a wall or other surface adjacent to the handrail shall be free of any sharp or abrasive elements.
1012.8 Projections. On ramps, the clear width between handrails shall be 36 inches (914 mm) minimum. Projections into the required width of stairways and ramps at each handrail shall not exceed 4½ inches (114 mm) at or below the handrail height. Projections into the required width shall not be limited above the minimum headroom height required in Section 1009.2.
In Group 1-2 occupancy ramps required for exit access shall not be less than 8 feet (2438 mm) in width and handrails are permitted to protrude 3½ inches (89 mm) from the wall on both sides. Ramps used as exits and stairways used for the movement of bed and litter patients, the clear width between handrails shall be 44 inches (1118 mm) minimum.
1012.9 Intermediate handrails. Stairways shall have intermediate handrails located in such a manner that all portions of the stairway width required for egress capacity are within 30 inches (762 mm) of a handrail. On monumental stairs, handrails shall be located along the most direct path of egress travel.
1013.1 Where required. Guards shall be located along open-side walking surfaces, including mezzanies, equipment platforms, stairs, ramps and landings that are located more than 30 inches (762 mm) measured vertically to the floor or grade below at any point within 36 inches (914 mm) horizontally to the edge of the open side. Guards shall be adequate in strength and attachment in accordance with Section 1607.7 of the California Building Code.
Exception: Guards are not required for the following locations:
- On the loading side of loading docks or piers.
- On the audience side of stages and raised platforms, including steps leading up to the stage and raised platforms.
- On raised stage and platform floor areas, such an runways, ramps and side stages used for entertainment or presentations.
- At vertical openings in the performance area of stages and platforms.
- At elevated walking surfaces appurtenant to stages and platforms for access to and utilization of special lighting or equipment.
- Along vehicle service pits not accessible to the public.
- In assembly seating where guards in accordance with Section 1028.14 are permitted and provided.
1013.1.1 Glazing. Where glass is used to provide a guard or as a portion of the guard system, the guard shall also comply with Section 2407 of the California Building Code. Where the glazing provided does not meet the strength and attachment requirements in Section 1607.7 of the California Building Code, complying guards shall also be located along glazed sides of open-sided walking surfaces.
1013.2 Height. Required guards shall be not less than 42 inches (1067 mm) high, measured vertically above the adjacent walking surfaces, adjacent fixed seating or the line connecting the leading edges of the treads.
Exceptions:
- For occupancies in Group R-3, and within individual dwelling units in occupancies in Group R-2, guards on the open sides of stairs shall have a height not less than 34 inches (864 mm) measured vertically from a line connecting the leading edges of the treads.
- For occupancies in Group R-3, and within individual dwelling units in occupancies in Group R-2, where the top of the guard also serves as a handrail on the open sides of stairs, the top of the guard shall not be less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965 mm) measured vertically from a line connecting the leading edges of the treads.
- The height in assembly seating areas shall be in accordance with Section 1028.14.
- Along alternating tread devices and ship ladders, guards whose top rail also serves as a handrail, shall have height not less than 30 inches (762 mm) and not more than 34 inches (864mm), measured vertically from the leading edge of the device tread nosing.
1013.3 Opening limitations. Required guards shall not have openings which allow passage of a sphere 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter from the walking surface to the required guard height.
Exceptions:
- From a height of 36 inches (914 mm) to 42 inches (1067 mm), guards shall not have openings which allow passage of a sphere 43/8 inches (111 mm) in diameter.
- The triangular openings at the open sides of a stair, formed by the riser, tread and bottom rail shall not allow passage of a sphere 6 inches (152 mm) in diameter.
- At elevated walking surfaces for access to and use of electrical, mechanical or plumbing systems or equipment, guards shall not have openings which allow passage of a sphere 21 inches (533 mm) in diameter.
- In areas that are not open to the public within occupancies in Group I-3, F, H or S, and for alternating tread devices and ship ladders, guards shall not have openings which allow passage of a sphere 21 inches (533 mm) in diameter. 198
- In assembly seating areas, guards at the end of aisles where they terminate at a fascia of boxes, balconies and galleries shall not have openings which allow passage of a sphere 4 inches in diameter (102 mm) up to a height of 26 inches (660 mm). From a height of 26 inches (660 mm) to 42 inches (1067 mm) above the adjacent walking surfaces, guards shall not have openings which allow passage of a sphere 8 inches (203 mm) in diameter.
- Within individual dwelling units and sleeping units in Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies, guards on the open sides of stairs shall not have openings which allow passage of a sphere 43/8 (111 mm) inches in diameter.
- Lifeguard towers not open to the public, guards shall not have openings which allow passage of a sphere 21 inches (533 mm) in diameter.
1013.4 Screen porches. Porches and decks which are enclosed with insect screening shall be provided with guards where the walking surface is located more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below.
1013.5 Mechanical equipment. Guards shall be provided where appliances, equipment, fans, roof hatch openings or other components that require service are located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of a root edge or open side of a walking surface and such edge or open side is located more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor, roof or grade below. The guard shall be constructed so as to prevent the passage of a sphere 21 inches (533 mm) in diameter. The guard shall extend not less than 30 inches (762 mm) beyond each end of such appliance, equipment, fan or component.
1013.6 Roof access.Guards shall be provided where the roof hatch opening is located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of a roof edge or open side of a walking surface and such edge or open side is located more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor, roof or grade below. The guard shall be constructed so as to prevent the passage of a sphere 21 inches (533 mm) in diameter.
1014.1 General. The exit access shall comply with the applicable provisions of Sections 1003 through 1013. Exit access arrangement shall comply with Sections 1014 through 1019.
1014.2 Egress through intervening spaces. Egress through intervening spaces shall comply with this section.
Exception: Means of egress are not prohibited through adjoining or intervening rooms or space in a Group H, S or F occupancy when the adjoining or intervening rooms or spaces are the same or a lesser hazard occupancy group.
Exceptions:
- Means of egress are not prohibited through a kitchen area serving adjoining rooms constituting part of the same dwelling unit or sleeping unit.
- Means of egress are not prohibited through stockrooms in Group M occupancies when all of the following are met:
- The stock is of the same hazard classification as that found in the main retail area;
- Not more than 50 percent of the exit access is through the stockroom;
- The stockroom is not subject to locking from the egress side; and
- There is a demarcated, minimum 44-inch-wide (1118 mm) aisle defined by full-or partial-height fixed walls or similar construction that will maintain the required width and lead directly from the retail area to the exit without obstructions.
- Exits shall not pass through any room subject to locking except in Group I-3, occupancies classified as detention facilities.
1014.2.1 Multiple tenants. Where more than one tenant occupies any one floor of a building or structure, each tenant space, dwelling unit and sleeping unit shall be provided with access to the required exits without passing through adjacent tenant spaces, dwelling units and sleeping units.
Exception: The means of egress from a smaller tenant space shall not be prohibited from passing through a larger adjoining tenant space where such rooms or spaces of the smaller tenant occupy less than 10 percent of the area of the larger tenant space through which they pass; are the same or similar occupancy group; a discernable path of egress travel to an exit is provided; and the means of egress into the adjoining space is not subject to locking from the egress side. A required means of egress serving the larger tenant space shall not pass through the smaller tenant space or spaces.
1014.2.2 Group I-2. Habitable rooms or suites in Group I-2 occupancies shall have an exit access door leading directly to a corridor.
199Exception: Rooms with exit doors opening directly to the outside at ground level.
1014.2.2.1 Basement exits. All rooms below grade shall have not less than one exit access that leads directly to an exterior exit door opening directly to an exit discharge at grade plane or the public way.
1014.2.3 Suites in patient sleeping areas. Patient sleeping areas in Group I-2 occupancies shall be permitted to be divided into suites with one intervening room if one of the following conditions is met:
1014.2.3.1 Area. Suites of sleeping rooms shall not exceed 5,000 square feet (465 m2).
1014.2.3.2 Exit access. Any patient sleeping room, or any suite that includes patient sleeping rooms, of more than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) shall have at least two exit access doors remotely located from each other.
1014.2.3.3 Travel distance. The travel distance between any point in a suite of sleeping rooms and an exit access door of that suite shall not exceed 100 feet (30 480 mm).
1014.2.4 Suites in areas other than patient sleeping areas. Areas other than patient sleeping areas in Group I-2 occupancies shall be permitted to be divided into suites.
1014.2.4.1 Area. Suites of rooms, other than patient sleeping rooms, shall not exceed 10,000 square feet (929 m2).
1014.2.4.2 Exit access. Any room or suite of rooms, other than patient sleeping rooms, of more than 2,500 square feet (232 m2) shall have at least two exit access doors remotely located from each other.
1014.2.4.3 One intervening room. For rooms other than patient sleeping rooms, suites of rooms are permitted to have one intervening room if the travel distance within the suite to the exit access door is not greater than 100 feet (30 480 mm).
1014.2.4.4 Two intervening rooms. For rooms other than patient sleeping rooms located within a suite, exit access travel from within the suite shall be permitted through two intervening rooms where the travel distance to the exit access door is not greater than 50 feet (15 240 mm).
1014.2.5 Exit access through suites. Exit access from all other portions of a building not classified as a suite in a Group I-2 occupancy shall not pass through a suite.
1014.2.6 Travel distance. The travel distance between any point in a Group I-2 occupancy patient sleeping room and an exit access door in that room shall not exceed 50 feet (15 240 mm).
1014.2.7 Separation. Suites in Group I-2 occupancies shall be separated from other portions of the building by not less than a one-hour fire barrier complying with Section 707 of the California Building Code. Each suite of rooms shall be separated from the remainder of the building by not less than a one-hour fire barrier.
1014.3 Common path of egress travel. In occupancies other than Groups H-1, H-2 and H-3, the common path of egress travel shall not exceed 75 feet (22 860 mm). In Group H-1, H-2 and H-3 occupancies, the common path of egress travel shall not exceed 25 feet (7620 mm). For common path of egress travel in Group A occupancies and assembly occupancies accessory to Group E occupancies having fixed seating, see Section 1028.8.
Exceptions:
- The length of a common path of egress travel in Group B, F and S occupancies shall not be more than 100 feet (30 480 mm), provided that the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
- Where a tenant space in Group B, S and U occupancies has an occupant load of not more than 30, the length of a common path of egress travel shall not be more than 100 feet (30 480 mm).
- The length of a common path of egress travel in a Group I-3 occupancy shall not be more than 100 feet (30 480 mm).
- The length of a common path of egress travel in a Group R-2 occupancy shall not be more than 125 feet (38 100 mm), provided that the building is protected throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
- Suites in a Group I-2 occupancy constructed in accordance with Section 1014.2.3 or 1014.2.4.
1014.4 Aisles. Aisles serving as a portion of the exit access in the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of this section. Aisles shall be provided from all occupied portions of the exit access which contain seats, tables, furnishings, displays and similar fixtures or equipment. Aisles serving assembly areas, other than seating at tables, shall comply with Section 1025. Aisles serving reviewing stands, grandstands and bleachers shall also comply with Section 1025.
The required width of aisles shall be unobstructed.
Exception: Doors, when fully opened, and handrails shall not reduce the required width by more than 7 inches (178 mm). Doors in any position shall not reduce the required width by more than one-half. Other nonstructural projections such as trim and similar decorative features are permitted to project into the required width 1.5 inches (38 mm) for each side.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.06(a)] Bonding of Chairs and Spacing of Tables.
Exceptions:
- When not more than 299 such seats, chairs or facilities are provided, bonding thereof may be deleted. 200
- The bonding of chairs shall not be required when tables are provided as when the occupancy is used for dining or similar purposes.
- Upon approval of the enforcing agency, the bonding of chairs shall not be required when the placement and location of such chairs do not obstruct any required exit or any line of egress toward required exits and do not constitute a fire hazard as defined in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 3.14.
1014.4.1 Aisles in Groups B and M. In Group B and M occupancies, the minimum clear aisle width shall be determined by Section 1005.1 for the occupant load served, but shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm).
Exception: Nonpublic aisles serving less than 50 people and not required to be accessible by Chapter 11B (see Sections 1103B.1 Exception 2 and 1123B.2 Exception) of the California Building Code need not exceed 28 inches (711 mm) in width.
1014.4.2 Aisle accessways in Group M. An aisle accessway shall be provided on at least one side of each element within the merchandise pad. The minimum clear width for an aisle accessway not required to be accessible shall be 30 inches (762 mm). The required clear width of the aisle accessway shall be measured perpendicular to the elements and merchandise within the merchandise pad. The 30-inch (762 mm) minimum clear width shall be maintained to provide a path to an adjacent aisle or aisle accessway. The common path of travel shall not exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) from any point in the merchandise pad.
Exception: For areas serving not more than 50 occupants, the common path of travel shall not exceed 75 feet (22 880 mm).
1014.4.3 Seating at tables. Where seating is located at a table or counter and is adjacent to an aisle or aisle accessway, the measurement of required clear width of the aisle or aisle accessway shall be made to a line 19 inches (483 mm) away from and parallel to the edge of the table of counter. The 19-inch (483 mm) distance shall be measured perpendicular to the side of the table or counter. In the case of other side boundaries for aisle or aisle accessways, the clear width shall be measured to walls, edges of seating and tread edges, except that handrail projections are permitted.
Exception: Where tables or counters are served by fixed seats, the width of the aisle accessway shall be measured from the back of the seat.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.06(b)] Bonding of Chairs and Spacing of Tables.
(b) Spacing of tables. In occupancies having rectangular conference or banquet type tables, such tables shall be placed not less than 54 inches (1370 mm) apart and not less than 36 inches (914 mm) from walls.
1014.4.3.1 Aisle accessway for tables and seating. Aisle accessways serving arrangements of seating at tables or counter shall have sufficient clear width to conform to the capacity requirements of Section 1005.1 but shall not have less than the appropriate minimum clear width specified in Section 1014.4.3.2.
1014.4.3.2 Table and seating accessway width. Aisle accessways shall provide a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) of width plus 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) of width for each additional 1 foot (305 mm), or fraction thereof, beyond 12 feet (3658 mm) of aisle accessway length measured from the center of the seat farthest from an aisle.
Exception: Portions of an aisle accessway having a length not exceeding 6 feet (1829 mm) and used by a total of not more than four persons.
1014.4.3.3 Table and seating aisle accessway length. The length of travel along the aisle accessway shall not exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) from any seat to the point where a person has a choice of two or more paths of egress travel to separate exits.
1014.5 Egress balconies. Balconies used for egress purposes shall conform to the same requirements as corridors for width, headroom, dead ends and projections.
1014.5.1 Wall separation. Exterior egress balconies shall be separated from the interior of the building by walls and opening protectives as required for corridors.
Exception: Separation is not required where the exterior egress balcony is served by at least two stair and a dead-end travel condition does not require travel past an unprotected opening to reach a stair.
1014.5.2 Openness. The long side of an egress balcony shall be at least 50 percent open, and the open area above the guards shall be so distributed as to minimize the accumulation of smoke or toxic gases.
1015.1 Exits or exit access doorways from spaces. Two exits or exit access doorways from any space shall be provided where one of the following conditions exists:
201Exception: Group I-2 occupancies shall comply with Sections 1014.2.2 through 1014.2.7.
- The occupant load of the space exceeds one of the values in Table 1015.1.
Exception: In Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies, one means of egress is permitted within and from individual dwelling units with a maximum occupant load of 20 where the dwelling unit is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
- The common path of egress travel exceeds one of the limitations of Section 1014.3.
- Where required by Section 1015.3, 1015.4, 1015.5, 1015.6 or 1015.6.1.
- In detention and correctional facilities and holding cells, such as are found in courthouse buildings, a minimum of two means of egress shall be provided when the occupant load is more than 20.
Where a building contains mixed occupancies, each individual occupancy shall comply with the applicable requirements for that occupancy. Where applicable, cumulative occupant loads from adjacent occupancies shall be considered in accordance with the provisions of Section 1004.1
OCCUPANCY | MAXIMUM OCCUPANT LOAD |
---|---|
a. Day care maximum occupant load is 10. | |
A, B, Ea, F, M, U | 49 |
H-1, H-2, H-3 | 3 |
H-4, H-5, I-2.I, I-3, I-4, R | 10 |
S | 29 |
L | See Section 443.6.1 California Building Code |
1015.1.1 Three or more exit or exit access doorways. Three exits or exit access doorways shall be provided from any space with an occupant load of 501 to 1,000. Four exits or exit access doorways shall be provided from any space with an occupant load greater than 1,000.
1015.2 Exit or exit access doorway arrangement. Required exits shall be located in a manner that makes their availability obvious. Exits shall be unobstructed at all times. Exit and exit access doorways shall be arranged in accordance with Sections 1015.2.1 and 1015.2.2.
1015.2.1 Two exits or exit access doorways. Where two exits or exit access doorways are required from any portion of the exit access, the exit doors or exit access doorways shall be placed a distance apart equal to not less than one-half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the building or area to be served measured in a straight line between exit doors or exit access doorways. Interlocking or scissor stairs shall be counted as one exit stairway.
Exceptions:
- Where exit enclosures are provided as a portion of the required exit and are interconnected by a 1-hour fire-resistance-rated corridor conforming to the requirements of Section 1018, the required exit separation shall be measured along the shortest direct line of travel within the corridor.
- Where a building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the separation distance of the exit doors or exit access doorways shall not be less than one-third of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the area served.
1015.2.2 Three or more exits or exit access doorways. Where access to three or more exits is required, at least two exit doors or exit access doorways shall be arranged in accordance with the provisions of Section 1015.2.1.
1015.3 Boiler, incinerator and furnace rooms. Two exit access doorways are required in boiler, incinerator and furnace rooms where the area is over 500 square feet (46 m2) and any fuel-fired equipment exceeds 400,000 British thermal units (Btu) (422 000 KJ) input capacity. Where two exit access doorways are required, one is permitted to be a fixed ladder or an alternating tread device. Exit access doorways shall be separated by a horizontal distance equal to one-half the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the room.
1015.4 Refrigeration machinery rooms. Machinery rooms larger than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) shall have not less than two exits or exit access doors. Where two exit access doorways are required, one such doorway is permitted to be served by a fixed ladder or an alternating tread device. Exit access doorways shall be separated by a horizontal distance equal to one-half the maximum horizontal dimension of room.
All portions of machinery rooms shall be within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of an exit or exit access doorway. An increase in travel distance is permitted in accordance with Section 1016.1.
Doors shall swing in the direction of egress travel, regardless of the occupant load served. Doors shall be tight fitting and self-closing.
1015.5 Refrigerated rooms or spaces. Rooms or spaces having a floor area larger than 1,000 square feet (93 m2), containing a refrigerant evaporator and maintained at a temperature below 68°F (20°C), shall have access to not less than two exits or exit access doors.
Travel distance shall be determined as specified in Section 1016.1, but all portions of a refrigerated room or space shall be within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of an exit or exit access door where such rooms are not protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. Egress is allowed through adjoining refrigerated rooms or spaces.
Exception: Where using refrigerants in quantities limited to the amounts based on the volume set forth in the California Mechanical Code.
1015.6 Stage means of egress. Where two means of egress are required, based on the stage size or occupant load, one means of egress shall be provided on each side of the stage.
1015.6.1 Gallery, gridiron and catwalk means of egress. The means of egress from lighting and access catwalks, galleries and gridirons shall meet the requirements for occupancies in Group F-2.
Exceptions:
- A minimum width of 22 inches (559 mm) is permitted for lighting and access catwalks.
- Spiral stairs are permitted in the means of egress.
- Stairways required by this subsection need not be enclosed.
- Stairways with a minimum width of 22 inches (559 mm), ladders or spiral stairs are permitted in the means of egress.
- A second means of egress is not required from these areas where a means of escape to a floor or to a roof is provided. Ladders, alternating tread devices or spiral stairs are permitted in the means of escape.
- Ladders are permitted in the means of egress.
1015.7 Large family day-care home. Every story or basement of a large family day-care home shall be provided with two exits which are remotely located from each other. Every required exit shall be of a size to permit the installation of a door not less than 32 inches (813 mm) in clear width and not less than 6 feet 8 inches (2,032 mm) in height. A manually operated horizontal sliding door may be used as one of the two required exits.
Where basements are used for day-care purpose, one of the two required exits shall provide access directly to the exterior without entering the first story. The second exit from the basement may either pass through the story above or exit directly to the exterior.
Rooms used for day-care purposes shall not be located above the first story.
Exception: Buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler system throughout and which have at least one of the required exits providing access directly to the exterior. NFPA 13R may be used in large family day-care homes. The sprinkler omissions of NFPA 13R shall not apply unless approved by the enforcing agency.
Exit doors, including manually operated horizontal sliding doors, shall be openable from the inside without use of a key or any special knowledge or effort.
Tables 1021.1 and 1021.2 are not applicable to this occupancy classification.
1016.1 Travel distance limitations. Exits shall be so located on each story such that the maximum length of exit access travel, measured from the most remote point within a story along the natural and unobstructed path of egress travel to an exterior exit door at the level of exit discharge, an entrance to a vertical exit enclosure, an exit passageway, a horizontal exit, an exterior exit stairway or an exterior exit ramp, shall not exceed the distances given in Table 1016.1.
Exceptions:
- Travel distance in open parking garages is permitted to be measured to the closest riser of open exit stairways.
- In outdoor facilities with open exit access components and open exterior exit stairways or exit ramps, travel distance is permitted to be measured to the closest riser of an exit stairway or the closest slope of the exit ramp.
- In other than occupancy Groups H and I, the exit access travel distance to a maximum of 50 percent of the exits is permitted to be measured from the most remote point within a building to an exit using unenclosed exit access stairways or ramps when connecting a maximum of two stories. The two connected stories shall be provided with at least two means of egress. Such interconnected stories shall not be open to other stories.
- In other than occupancy Groups H and I, exit access travel distance is permitted to be measured from the most remote point within a building to an exit using unenclosed exit access stairways or ramps in the first and second stories above grade plane in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. The first and second stories above grade plane shall be provided with at least two means of egress. Such interconnected stories shall not be open to other stories.
Where applicable, travel distance on unenclosed exit access stairways or ramps and on connecting stories shall also be included in the travel distance measurement. The measurement along stairways shall be made on a plane parallel and tangent to the stair tread nosings in the center of the stairway.
OCCUPANCY | WITHOUT SPRINKLER SYSTEM (feet) | WITH SPRINKLER SYSTEM (feet) |
---|---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | ||
a. See the following sections for modifications to exit access travel distance requirements: Section 402.4 of the California Building Code: For the distance limitation in malls. Section 404.9 of the California Building Code: For the distance limitation through an atrium space. Section 407.4 of the California Building Code: For the distance limitation in Group I-2. Section 408.6.1 and 408.8.1 of the California Building Code: For the distance limitations in Group I-3. Section 411.4 of the California Building Code: For the distance limitation in special amusement buildings. Section 1014.2.2: For the distance limitation in Group I-2 hospital suites. Section 1015.4: For the distance limitation in refrigeration machinery rooms. Section 1015.5: For the distance limitation in refrigerated rooms and spaces. Section 1021.2: For building with one exit. Section 1028.7: For increased limitation for assembly open-air seating. Section 3103.4: of the California Building Code: For temporary structures. Section 3104.9 of the California Building Code: For pedestrian walkways. |
||
b. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. See Section 903 for occupancies where automatic sprinkler systems are permitted in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2. | ||
c. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. | ||
d. Not permitted in nonsprinklered Group I-3 occupancies. | ||
A, E, F-1, M, R, S-1 | 200 | 250b |
R-2.1 | Not Permitted | 250c |
B | 200 | 300c |
F-2, S-2, U | 300 | 400c |
H-1 | Not Permitted | 75c |
H-2 | Not Permitted | 100c |
H-3 | Not Permitted | 150c |
H-4 | Not Permitted | 175c |
H-5 | Not Permitted | 200c |
I-2, I-2.1, I-3d, I-4 | Not Permitted | 200c |
L | Not Permitted | 200c |
1016.2 Exterior egress balcony increase. Travel distances specified in Section 1016.1 shall be increased up to an additional 100 feet (30 480 mm) provided the last portion of the exit access leading to the exit occurs on a exterior egress balcony constructed in accordance with Section 1019. The length of such balcony shall not be less than the amount of the increase taken.
1017.1 General.Aisles serving as a portion of the exit access in the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of this section. Aisles shall be provided from all occupied portions of the exit access which contain seats, tables, furnishings, displays and similar fixtures or equipment. Aisles serving assembly areas shall comply with Section 1028. Aisles serving reviewing stands, grandstands and bleachers shall also comply with Section 1028. The required width of aisles shall be unobstructed.
Exception: Doors complying with Section 1005.2.
1017.2 Aisles in Groups B and M. In Group B and M occupancies, the minimum clear aisle width shall be determined by Section 1005.1 for the occupant load served, but shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm).
Exception: Nonpublic aisles serving less than 50 people and not required to be accessible by Chapter 11 of the California Building Code need not exceed 28 inches (711 mm) in width.
1017.3 Aisle accessways in Group M. An aisle accessway shall be provided on at least one side of each element within the merchandise pad. The minimum clear width for an aisle accessway not required to be accessible shall be 30 inches (762 mm). The required clear width of the Aisle accessway shall be measured perpendicular to the elements and merchandise within the merchandise pad. The 30-inch (726 mm) minimum clear width shall be maintained to provide a path to an adjacent aisle or aisle accessway. The common path of travel shall not exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) from any point in the merchandise pad.
Exception: For areas serving not more than 50 occupants, the common path of travel shall not exceed 75 feet (22 880 mm).
1017.4 Seating at tables. Where seating is located at a table or counter and is adjacent to an aisle or aisle accessway, the measurement of required clear width of the aisle or aisle accessway shall be made to a line 19 inches (483 mm) away from and parallel to the edge of the table or counter. The 19-inch (483 mm) distance shall be measured perpendicular to the side of the table or counter. In the case of other side boundaries for aisle or aisle accessways, the clear width shall be measured to walls, edges of seating and tread edges, except that handrail projections are permitted.
Exception: Where tables or counters are served by fixed seats, the width of the aisle accessway shall be measured from the back of the seat.
1017.4.1. Aisle accessway for tables and seating.Aisle accessways serving arrangements of seating at tables or counters shall have sufficient clear width to conform to the capacity requirements of Section 1005.1 but shall not have less than the appropriate minimum clear width specified in Section 1017.4.2.
1017.4.2 Table and seating accessway width.Aisle accessways shall provide a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) of width plus ½ inch (12.7 mm) of width for each additional 1 foot (305 mm), or fraction thereof, beyond 12 feet (3658 mm) of aisle accessway length measured from the center of the seat farthest from an aisle.
Exception: Portions of an aisle accessway having a length not exceeding 6 feet (1829 mm) and used by a total of not more than four persons.
1017.4.3 Table and seating aisle accessway length. The length of travel along the aisle accessway shall not exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) from any seat to the point where a person has a choice of two or more paths of egress travel to separate exits.
1018.1 Construction. Corridors shall be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Table 1018.1. The corridor walls required to be fire-resistance rated shall comply with Section 709 of the California Building Code for fire partitions.
Exceptions:
- A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors in an occupancy in Group E where each room that is used for instruction has at least one door opening directly to the exterior and rooms for assembly purposes have at least one-half of the required means of egress doors opening directly to the exterior. Exterior doors specified in this exception are required to be at ground level.
- A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors contained within a dwelling or sleeping unit in an occupancy in Group R.
- A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors in open parking garages.
- A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors in an occupancy in Group B which is a space requiring only a single means of egress complying with Section 1015.1.
- A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors within suites in a Group I-2 occupancy constructed in accordance with Section 1014.2.3 or 1014.2.4
1018.2 Corridor width. The minimum corridor width shall be as determined in Section 1005.1, but not less than 44 inches (118 mm).
Exceptions:
- Twenty-four inches (610 mm)— For access to and utilization of electrical, mechanical or plumbing systems or equipment.
- Thirty-six inches (914 mm) —With a required occupant capacity of less than 50.
- Thirty-six inches (914 mm)—Within a dwelling unit.204
- Seventy-two inches (1829 mm)— In Group E with a corridor having a required capacity of 100 or more.
- Seventy-two inches (1829 mm)—In corridors and areas serving gurney traffic in occupancies where patients receive outpatient medical care, which causes the patient to be not capable of self-preservation.
- Ninety-six inches (2438 mm)—In Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies in areas where required for bed movement or corridors in Group I-2 and I-3 occupancies serving any area caring for one or more nonambulatory persons.
1018.3 Corridor obstruction. The required width of corridors shall be unobstructed.
Exception: Doors complying with Section 1005.2.
1018.4 Dead ends. Where more than one exit or exit access doorway is required, the exit access shall be arranged such that there are no dead ends in corridors more than 20 feet (6096 mm) in length.
Exceptions:
- In occupancies in Group I-3 of Occupancy Condition 2, 3 or 4 (see Section 202), the dead end in a corridor shall not exceed 50 feet (15 240 mm)
- In occupancies in Groups B, E, F, M, R-1, R-2, R-2.1, R-4, S and U, where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, the length of the dead-end corridors shall not exceed 50 feet (15 240 mm).
- A dead-end corridor shall not be limited in length where the length of the dead-end corridor is less than 2.5 times the least width of the dead-end corridor.
1018.5 Air movement in corridors.Corridors shall not serve as supply, return, exhaust, relief or ventilation air ducts.
Exceptions:
- Use of a corridor as a source of makeup air for exhaust systems in small rooms of 30 square feet or less that open directly onto such corridors, including toilet rooms, bathrooms, dressing rooms, and janitor closets, shall be permitted, provided that each such corridor is directly supplied with outdoor air at a rate greater than the rate of makeup air taken from the corridor.
- Where located within a dwelling unit, the use of corridors for conveying return air shall not be prohibited.
- Where located within tenant spaces of 1,000 square feet (93 m2) or less in area, utilization of corridors for conveying return air is permitted.
- Incidental air movement from pressurized rooms within health care facilities, provided that the corridor is not the primary source of supply or return air to the room.
- For health care facilities under the jurisdiction of the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD), see the California Mechanical Code.
1018.5.1 Corridor ceiling. Use of the space between the corridor ceiling and the floor or roof structure above as a return air plenum is permitted for one or more of the following conditions:
OCCUPANCY | OCCUPANT LOAD SERVED BY CORRIDOR | REQUIRED FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours) | |
---|---|---|---|
Without sprinkler system | With sprinkler systemc | ||
a. For requirements for occupancies in Group I-2, see Sections 407.2 and 407.3 of the California Building Code. | |||
b. For reduction in the fire-resistance rating for occupancies in Group I-3, see Section 408.8 of the California Building Code. | |||
c. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 where allowed. | |||
d. See Section 1028. | |||
H-1, H-2, H-3 | All | Not Permitted | 1 |
H-4, H-5, L | Greater than 30 | Not Permitted | 1 |
Ad, B, F, M, S, U | Greater than 30 | 1 | 0 |
R-1, R-2, R-3, R-3.1, R-4 | Greater than 10 | Not Permitted | 1 |
I-2a, I-2.1, I-4 | Greater than 6 | Not Permitted | 1 |
I-3, R-2.1 | Greater than 6 | Not Permitted | 1b |
E | Greater than 10 | 1 | 1 |
1018.6 Corridor continuity. Fire-resistance-rated corridors shall be continuous from the point of entry to an exit, and shall not be interrupted by intervening rooms.
Exceptions:
- Foyers, lobbies or reception rooms constructed as required for corridors shall not be construed as intervening rooms.
- In fully sprinklered office buildings, corridors may lead through enclosed elevator lobbies if all areas of the building have access to at least one required exit without passing through the elevator lobby.
1019.1 General. Balconies used for egress purposes shall conform to the same requirements as corridors for width, headroom, dead ends and projections.
1019.2 Wall separation. Exterior egress balconies shall be separated from the interior of the building by walls and opening protectives as required for corridors.
Exception: Separation is not required where the exterior egress balcony is served by at least two stairs and a dead-end travel condition does not require travel past an unprotected opening to reach a stair.
1019.3 Openness. The long side of an egress balcony shall be at least 50 percent open, and the open area above the guards shall be so distributed as to minimize the accumulation of smoke or toxic gases.
1020.1 General. Exits shall comply with Sections 1020 through 1026 and the applicable requirements of Sections 1003 through 1013. An exit shall not be used for any purpose that interferes with its function as a means of egress. Once a given level of exit protection is achieved, such level of protection shall not be reduced until arrival at the exit discharge.
1020.2 Exterior exit doors. Buildings or structures used for human occupancy shall have at least one exterior door that meets the requirements of Section 1008.1.1.
1020.2.1 Detailed requirements. Exterior exit doors shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section 1008.1.
1020.2.2 Arrangement. Exterior exit doors shall lead directly to the exit discharge or the public way.
1021.1 Exits from stories. All spaces within each story shall have access to the minimum number of approved independent exits as specified in Table 1021.1 based on the occupant load of the story. For the purposes of this chapter, occupied roofs shall be provided with exits as required for stories.
Exceptions:
- As modified by Section 403.5.2 of the California Building Code.
- As modified by Section 1021.2.
- Exit access stairways and ramps that comply with Exception 3 or 4 of Section 1016.1 shall be permitted to provide the minimum number of approved independent exits required by Table 1021.1 on each story.
- In Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies, one means of egress is permitted within and from individual dwelling units with a maximum occupant load of 20 where the dwelling unit is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
- Within a story, rooms and spaces complying with Section 1015.1 with exits that discharge directly to the exterior at the level of exit discharge, are permitted to have one exit.
OCCUPANT LOAD (persons per story) | MINIMUM NUMBER OF EXITS (per story) |
---|---|
1-500 | 2 |
501-1,000 | 3 |
More than 1,000 | 4 |
1021.1.1 Exits maintained. The required number of exits from any story shall be maintained until arrival at grade or the public way.
1021.1.2 Parking structures. Parking structures shall not have less than two exits from each parking tier, except that only one exit is required where vehicles are mechanically parked. Vehicle ramps shall not be considered as required exits unless pedestrian facilities are provided.
1021.1.3 Helistops. The means of egress from helistops shall comply with the provisions of this chapter, provided that landing areas located on buildings or structures shall have two or more exits. For landing platforms or roof areas less than 60 feet (18 288 mm) long, or less than 2,000 square feet (186 m2) in area, the second means of egress is permitted to be a fire escape, alternating tread device or ladder leading to the floor below.
1021.2 Single exits. Occupancies shall be permitted to have a single exit in buildings otherwise required to have more than one exit if the areas served by the single exit do not exceed the limitations of Table 1021.2. Mixed occupancies shall be permitted to be served by single exits provided each individual occupancy complies with the applicable requirements of Table 1021.2 for that occupancy. Where applicable, cumulative occupant loads from adjacent occupancies shall be considered in accordance with the provisions of Section 1004.1. Basements with a single exit shall not be located more than one story below grade plane.
206STORY | OCCUPANCY | MAXIMUM OCCUPANTS (OR DWELLING UNITS) PER FLOOR AND TRAVEL DISTANCE |
---|---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | ||
a. For the required number of exits for parking structures, see Section 1021.1.2. | ||
b. For the required number of exits for air traffic control towers, see Section 412.3 of the California Building Code. | ||
c. Buildings classified as Group R-2 equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and provided with the emergency escape and rescue openings in accordance with Section 1029. | ||
d. Group B, F and S occupancies in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with the Section 903.3.1.1 shall have a maximum travel distance of 100 feet. | ||
e. Day care occupancies shall have a maximum occupant load of 10. | ||
First story or basement | A, Bd, Ee, Fd, M, Ud, Sd | 49 occupants and 75 feet travel distance |
H-2, H-3, L | 3 occupants and 25 feet travel distance | |
H-4, H-5, I, R | 10 occupants and 75 feet travel distance | |
Sa | 29 occupants and 100 feet travel distance | |
I-2, I-2.1 | 7 occupants and 50 feet travel distance | |
Second story | Bb, F, M, Sa | 29 occupants and 75 feet travel distance |
R-2 | 4 dwelling units and 50 feet travel distance | |
Third story | R-2c | 4 dwelling units and 50 feet travel distance |
1021.3 Exit continuity. Exits shall be continuous from the point of entry into the exit to the exit discharge.
1021.4 Exit door arrangement. Exit door arrangement shall meet the requirements of Sections 1015.2 through 1015.2.2.
1022.1 Enclosures required. Interior exit stairways and interior exit ramps shall be enclosed with fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 of the California Building Code or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 712 of the California Building Code, or both. Exit enclosures shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours where connecting four stories or more and not less than 1 hour where connecting less than four stories. The number of stories connected by the exit enclosure shall include any basements but not only mezzanines. Exit enclosures shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than the floor assembly penetrated, but need not exceed 2 hours. Exit enclosures shall lead directly to the exterior of the building or shall be extended to the exterior of the building with an exit passageway conforming to the requirements of Section 1023, except as permitted in Section 1027.1. An exit enclosure shall not be used for any purpose other than means of egress.
Exceptions:
- In all occupancies, other than Group H, I and R-2.1 occupancies, a stairway is not required to be enclosed when the stairway serves an occupant load of less than 10 and the stairway complies with either Item 1.1 or 1.2. In all cases, the maximum number of connecting open stories shall not exceed two.
- The stairway is open to not more than one story above its level of exit discharge; or
- The stairway is open to not more than one story below its level of exit discharge.
- Exits in buildings of Group A-5 where all portions of the means of egress are essentially open to the outside need not be enclosed.
- Stairways serving and contained within a single residential dwelling unit in Group R-1, R-2 or R-3 occupancies are not required to be enclosed.
- Stairways in open parking structures that serve only the parking structure are not required to be enclosed.
- Stairways in Group I-3 occupancies, as provided for in Section 408.3.8.1 of the California Building Code, are not required to be enclosed.
- Means of egress stairways as required by Section 1015.6.1 of this code and Section 410.5.3 of the California Building Code are not required to be enclosed.
- Means of egress stairways from balconies, galleries or press boxes as provided for in Section 1028.5.1 are not required to be enclosed.
- Fixed guideway transit stations, constructed in accordance with Section 433 of the California Building Code.
1022.2 Termination. Exit enclosures shall terminate at an exit discharge or a public way.
Exception: An exit enclosure shall be permitted to terminate at an exit passageway complying with Section 1023, provided the exit passageway terminates at an exit discharge or a public way.
1022.2.1 Extension. Where an exit enclosure is extended to an exit discharge or a public way by an exit passageway, the exit enclosure shall be separated from the exit passageway
207by a fire barrier constructed in accordance with Section 707 of the California Building Code or a horizontal assembly constructed in accordance with Section 712 of the California Building Code, or both. The fire-resistance rating shall be at least equal to that required for the exit enclosure. A fire door assembly complying with Section 715.4 of the California Building Code shall be installed in the fire barrier to provide a means of egress from the exit enclosure to the exit passageway. Openings in the fire barrier other than the fire door assembly are prohibited. Penetrations of the fire barrier are prohibited.
Exception: Penetrations of the fire barrier in accordance with Section 1022.4 shall be permitted.
1022.3 Openings and penetrations. Exit enclosure opening protectives shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 715 of the California Building Code.
Except as permitted in Section 402.4.6 of the California Building Code, openings in exit enclosures other than unprotected exterior openings shall be limited to those necessary for exit access to the enclosure from normally occupied spaces and for egress from the enclosure.
Where interior exit enclosures are extended to the exterior of a building by an exit passageway, the door assembly from the exit enclosure to the exit passageway shall be protected by a fire door assembly conforming to the requirements in Section 715.4 of the of the California Building Code. Fire door assemblies in exit enclosures shall comply with Section 715.4.4 of the California Building Code.
Elevators shall not open into an exit enclosure.
1022.4 Penetrations. Penetrations into and openings through an exit enclosure are prohibited except for required exit doors, equipment and ductwork necessary for independent ventilation or pressurization, sprinkler piping, standpipes, electrical raceway for fire department communication systems and electrical raceway serving the exit enclosure and terminating at a steel box not exceeding 16 square inches (0.010 m2). Such penetrations shall be protected in accordance with Section 713 of the California Building Code. There shall be no penetrations or communication openings, whether protected or not, between adjacent exit enclosures.
1022.5 Ventilation. Equipment and ductwork for exit enclosure ventilation as permitted by Section 1022.4 shall comply with one of the following items:
In each case, openings into the fire-resistance-rated construction shall be limited to those needed for maintenance and operation and shall be protected by opening protectives in accordance with Section 715 of the California Building Code for shaft enclosures.
Exit enclosure ventilation systems shall be independent of other building ventilation systems.
1022.6 Exit enclosure exterior walls. Exterior walls of an exit enclosure shall comply with the requirements of Section 705 of the California Building Code for exterior walls. Where nonrated walls or unprotected openings enclose the exterior of the stairway and the walls or openings are exposed by other parts of the building at an angle of less than 180 degrees (3.14 rad), the building exterior walls within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of a nonrated wall or unprotected opening shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings within such exterior walls shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than ¾ hour. This construction shall extend vertically from the ground to a point 10 feet (3048 mm) above the topmost landing of the stairway or to the roof line, whichever is lower.
1022.7 Discharge identification. A stairway in an exit enclosure shall not continue below its level of exit discharge unless an approved barrier is provided at the level of exit discharge to prevent persons from unintentionally continuing into levels below. Directional exit signs shall be provided as specified in Section 1011.
1022.8 Floor identification signs. A sign shall be provided at each floor landing in exit enclosures connecting more than three stories designating the floor level, the terminus of the top and bottom of the exit enclosure and the identification of the stair or ramp. The signage shall also state the story of, and the direction to, the exit discharge and the availability of roof access from the enclosure for the fire department. The sign shall be located 5 feet (1524 mm) above the floor landing in a position that is readily visible when the doors are in the open and closed positions.
Tactile floor identification signs that comply with 1117B.5.1 Item 1 shall be located at the landing of each floor level, placed adjacent to the door on the latch side, in all enclosed stairways in buildings two or more stories in height to identify the floor level. At the exit discharge level, the sign shall include a raised five pointed star located to the left of the identifying floor level. The outside diameter of the star shall be the same as the height of the raised characters.
1022.8.1 Signage requirements. Stairway identification signs shall comply with all of the following requirements:
1022.9 Smokeproof enclosures and pressurized stairways. In buildings required to comply with Section 403 or 405 of the California Building Code, each of the exit enclosures shall be a smokeproof enclosure or pressurized stairway in accordance with Section 909.20.
1022.9.1 Termination and extension. A smokeproof enclosure or pressurized stairway shall terminate at an exit discharge or a public way. The smokeproof enclosure or pressurized stairway shall be permitted to be extended by an exit passageway in accordance with Section 1022.2. The exit passageway shall be without openings other than the fire door assembly required by Section 1022.2 and those necessary for egress from the exit passageway. The exit passageway shall be separated from the remainder of the building by 2-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 of the California Building Code or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 712 of the California Building Code, or both.
Exceptions:
- Openings in the exit passageway serving a smokeproof enclosure are permitted where the exit passageway is protected and pressurized in the same manner as the smokeproof enclosure, and openings are protected as required for access from other floors.
- The fire barrier separating the smokeproof enclosure or pressurized stairway from the exit passageway is not required, provided the exit passageway is protected and pressurized in the same manner as the smokeproof enclosure or pressurized stairway.
- A smokeproof enclosure or pressurized stairway shall be permitted to egress through areas on the level of discharge or vestibules as permitted by Section 1027.
1022.9.2 Enclosure access. Access to the stairway within a smokeproof enclosure shall be by way of a vestibule or an open exterior balcony.
1023.1 Exit passageway. Exit passageways serving as an exit component in a means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of this section. An exit passageway shall not be used for any purpose other than as a means of egress.
1023.2 Width. The width of exit passageway shall be determined as specified in Section 1005.1 but such width shall not be less than 44 inches (1118 mm), except that exit passageways serving an occupant load of less than 50 shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in width. The required width of exit passageways shall be unobstructed.
Exception: Doors complying with Section 1005.2.
The clear width of exit passageways in a Group I-2 occupancy used for the movement of beds and litters shall be 44 inches (1118 mm) minimum.
1023.3 Construction. Exit passageway enclosures shall have walls, floors and ceilings of not less than 1-hour fire-resistance rating, and not less than that required for any connecting exit enclosure. Exit passageways shall be constructed as fire barriers in accordance with Section 707 of the California Building Code or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 712 of the California Building Code, or both.
1023.4 Termination. Exit passageways shall terminate at an exit discharge or a public way.
1023.5 Openings and penetrations. Exit passageway opening protectives shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 715 of the California Building Code.
Except as permitted in Section 402.4.6 of the California Building Code, openings in exit passageways other than exterior openings shall be limited to those necessary for exit access to the exit passageway from normally occupied spaces and for egress from the exit passageway.
Where an exit enclosure is extended to an exit discharge or a public way by an exit passageway, the exit passageway shall also comply with Section 1022.2.1.
Elevators shall not open into an exit passageway.
1023.6 Penetrations. Penetrations into and openings through an exit passageway are prohibited except for required exit doors, equipment and ductwork necessary for independent pressurization, sprinkler piping, standpipes, electrical raceway for fire department communication and electrical raceway serving the exit passageway and terminating at a steel box not exceeding 16 square inches (0.010 m2). Such penetrations shall be protected in accordance with Section 713 of the California Building Code. There shall be no penetrations or communicating openings, whether protected or not, between adjacent exit passageways.
2091024.1 General. Approved luminous egress path markings delineating the exit path shall be provided in buildings of Groups A, B, E, I, M and R-1 having occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access in accordance with Sections 1024.1 through 1024.5.
Exceptions:
- Luminous egress path markings shall not be required on the level of exit discharge in lobbies that serve as part of the exit path in accordance with Section 1027.1, Exception 1.
- Luminous egress path markings shall not be required in areas of open parking garages that serve as part of the exit path in accordance with Section 1027.1, Exception 3.
1024.2 Markings within exit enclosures. Egress path markings shall be provided in exit enclosures, including vertical exit enclosures and exit passageways, in accordance with Sections 1024.2.1 through 1024.2.6.
1024.2.1 Steps. A solid and continuous stripe shall be applied to the horizontal leading edge of each step and shall extend for the full length of the step. Outlining stripes shall have a minimum horizontal width of 1 inch (25 mm) and a maximum width of 2 inches (51 mm). The leading edge of the stripe shall be placed at a maximum of ½ inch (12.7 mm) from the leading edge of the step and the stripe shall overlap the leading edge of the step by not more than ½ inch (12.7 mm) down the vertical face of the step.
Exception: The minimum width of 1 inch (25 mm) shall not apply to outlining stripes listed in accordance with UL 1994.
1024.2.2 Landings. The leading edge of landings shall be marked with a stripe consistent with the dimensional requirements for steps.
1024.2.3 Handrails. All handrails and handrail extensions shall be marked with a solid and continuous stripe having a minimum width of 1 inch (25 mm). The stripe shall be placed on the top surface of the handrail for the entire length of the handrail, including extensions and newel post caps. Where handrails or handrail extensions bend or turn corners, the stripe shall not have a gap of more than 4 inches (102 mm).
Exception: The minimum width of 1 inch (25 mm) shall not apply to outlining stripes listed in accordance with UL 1994.
1024.2.4 Perimeter demarcation lines. Stair landings and other floor areas within exit enclosures, with the exception of the sides of steps, shall be provided with solid and continuous demarcation lines on the floor or on the walls or a combination of both. The strips shall be 1 to 2 inches (25 mm to 51 mm) wide with interruptions not exceeding 4 inches (102 mm).
Exception: The minimum width of 1 inch (25 mm) shall not apply to outlining stripes listed in accordance with UL 1994.
1024.2.4.1 Floor-mounted demarcation lines. Perimeter demarcation lines shall be placed within 4 inches (102 mm) of the wall and shall extend to within 2 inches (51 mm) of the markings on the leading edge of landings. The demarcation lines shall continue across the floor in front of all doors.
Exception: Demarcation lines shall not extend in front of exit doors that lead out of an exit enclosure and through which occupants must travel to complete the exit path.
1024.2.4.2 Wall-mounted demarcation lines. Perimeter demarcation lines shall be placed on the wall with the bottom edge of the stripe no more than 4 inches (102 mm) above the finished floor. At the top or bottom of the stairs, demarcation lines shall drop vertically to the floor within 2 inches (51 mm) of the step or landing edge. Demarcation lines on walls shall transition vertically to the floor and then extend across the floor where a line on the floor is the only practical method of outlining the path. Where the wall line is broken by a door, demarcation lines on walls shall continue across the face of the door or transition to the floor and extend across the floor in front of such door.
Exception: Demarcation lines shall not extend in front of exit doors that lead out of an exit enclosure and through which occupants must travel to complete the exit path.
1024.2.4.3 Transition. Where a wall-mounted demarcation line transitions to a floor-mounted demarcation line, or vice versa, the wall-mounted demarcation line shall drop vertically to the floor to meet a complementary extension of the floor-mounted demarcation line, thus forming a continuous marking.
1024.2.5 Obstacles. Obstacles at or below 6 feet 6 inches (1981 mm) in height and projecting more than 4 inches (102 mm) into the egress path shall be outlined with markings no less than 1 inch (25 mm) in width comprised of a pattern of alternating equal bands, of luminescent luminous material and black, with the alternating bands no more than 2 inches (51 mm) thick and angled at 45 degrees (0.79 rad). Obstacles shall include, but are not limited to, standpipes, hose cabinets, wall projections and restricted height areas. However, such markings shall not conceal any required information or indicators including, but not limited to, instructions to occupants for the use of standpipes.
1024.2.6 Doors from exit enclosures. Doors through which occupants within an exit enclosure must pass in order to complete the exit path shall be provided with markings complying with Sections 1024.2.6.1 through 1024.2.6.3.
1024.2.6.1 Emergency exit symbol. The doors shall be identified by a low-location luminous emergency exit symbol complying with NFPA 170. The exit symbol shall be a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) in height and shall be mounted on the door, centered horizontally, with the top of the symbol no higher than 18 inches (457 mm) above the finished floor.
2101024.2.6.2 Door hardware markings. Door hardware shall be marked with no less than 16 square inches (406 mm2) of luminous material. This marking shall be located behind, immediately adjacent to or on the door handle and/or escutcheon. Where a panic bar is installed, such material shall be no less than 1 inch (25 mm) wide for the entire length of the actuating bar or touchpad.
1024.2.6.3 Door frame markings. The top and sides of the door frame shall be marked with a solid and continuous 1-inch-wide to 2-inch-wide (25 mm to 51 mm) strip. Where the door molding does not provide sufficient flat surface on which to located the stripe, the stripe shall be permitted to be located on the wall surrounding the frame.
1024.3 Uniformity. Placement and dimensions of markings shall be consistent and uniform throughout the same exit enclosure.
1024.4 Self-luminous and photoluminescent. Luminous egress path markings shall be permitted to be made of any material, including paint, provided that an electrical charge is not required to maintain the required luminance. Such materials shall include, but are not limited to, self-luminous materials and photoluminescent materials. Materials shall comply with either:
1024.5 Illumination. Exit enclosures where photoluminescent exit path markings are installed shall be provided with the minimum means of egress illumination required by Section 1006 for at least 60 minutes prior to periods when the buildings is occupied.
1025.1 Horizontal exits. Horizontal exits serving as an exit serving as an exit in a means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of this section. A horizontal exit shall not serve as the only exit from a portion of a building, and where two or more exits are required, not more than one-half of the total number of exits or total exit width shall be horizontal exits.
Exceptions:
- Horizontal exits are permitted to comprise two-thirds of the required exits from any building or floor area for occupancies in Group I-2.
- Horizontal exits are permitted to comprise 100 percent of the exits required for occupancies in Group I-3. At least 6 square feet (0.6 m2) of accessible space per occupant shall be provided on each side of the horizontal exit for the total number of people in adjoining compartments.
1025.2 Separation. The separation between buildings or refuge areas connected by a horizontal exit shall be provided by a fire wall complying with Section 706 of the California Building Code; or it shall be provided by a fire barrier complying with Section 707 of the California Building Code or a horizontal assembly complying with Section 712 of the California Building Code, or both. The minimum fire-resistance rating of the separation shall be 2 hours. Opening protectives in horizontal exits shall also comply with Section 715 of the California Building Code. Duct and air transfer openings in a fire wall or fire barrier that serves as a horizontal exit shall also comply with Section 716 of the California Building Code. The horizontal exit separation shall extend vertically through all levels of the building unless floor assemblies have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours with no unprotected openings.
Exception: A A fire-resistance rating is not required at horizontal exits between a building area and an above-grade pedestrian walkway constructed in accordance with Section 3104 of the California Building Code, provided that the distance between connected buildings is more than 20 feet (6096 mm).
Horizontal exits constructed as fire barriers shall be continuous from exterior wall to exterior wall so as to divide completely the floor served by the horizontal exit.
1025.3 Opening protectives. Fire doors in horizontal exits shall be self-closing or automatic-closing when activated by a smoke detector in accordance with Section 715.4.8.3 of the California Building Code. Doors, where located in a cross-corridor condition, shall be automatic-closing by activation of a smoke detector installed in accordance with Section 715.4.8.3 of the California Building Code.
1025.4 Capacity of refuge area. The refuge area of a horizontal exit shall be a space occupied by the same tenant or a public area and each such refuge area shall be adequate to accommodate the original occupant load of the refuge area plus the occupant load anticipated from the adjoining compartment. The anticipated occupant load from the adjoining compartment shall be based on the capacity of the horizontal exit doors entering the refuge area. The capacity of the refuge area shall be computed based on a net floor area allowance of 3 square feet (0.2787 m 2 for each occupant to be accommodated therein.
Exception: The net floor area allowable per occupant shall be as follows for the indicated occupancies:
- Six square feet (0.6 m2) per occupant for occupancies in Group I-3.
- Fifteen square feet (1.4 m2) per occupant for ambulatoy occupances in Group I-2.
- Thirty square feet (2.8 m2) per occupant for non-ambulatory occupancies in Group I-2.
The refuge area into which a horizontal exit leads shall be provided with exits adquate to meet the occupant requirements of this chapter, but not including the added occupant load imposed by persons entering it through horizontal exits from other areas. At least one refuge area exit shall lead directly to the exterior or to an exit enclosure.
Exception: The adjoining compartment shall not be required to have a stairway or door leading directly outside, provided the refuge area into which a horizontal exit leads
211has stairways or doors leading directly outside and are so arranged that egress shall not require the occupants to return through the compartment from which egress originates.
1025.5 Ducts and air transfer openings. Ducts and air transfer openings through fire walls or fire walls or fire barriers, forming a horizontal exit, shall be designed and protected in accordance with Section 716 in order to afford safety from both fire and smoke in the refuge area. All ducts and air transfer openings shall be protected by listed combination fire/smoke dampers.
1026.1 Exterior exit ramps and stairways. Exterior exit ramps and stairways serving as an element of a required means of egress shall comply with this section.
Exception: Exterior exit ramps and stairways for outdoor stadiums complying with Section 1022.1, Exception 2.
1026.2 Use in a means of egress. Exterior exit stairways shall not be used as an element of a required means of egress for Group I-2 occupancies. For occupancies in other than Group I-2, exterior exit ramps and stairways shall be permitted as an element of a required means of egress for buildings not exceeding six stories above grade plane or buildings defined as a high-rise or Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.
Exceptions:
- In assembly occupancies where there is no well-defined main exit or where multiple main exits are provided, exits shall be permitted to be distributed around the perimeter of the building provided that the total width of egress is not less than 100 percent of the required width. At least one exit shall discharge on a street or an unoccupied space of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) in width that adjoins a street or public way.
- Smoke-protected seating complying with Section 1028.6.2.
1026.3 Open side. Exterior exit ramps and stairways serving as an element of a required means of egress shall be open on at least one side. An open side shall have a minimum of 35 square feet (3.3 m2) of aggregate open area adjacent to each floor level and the level of each intermediate landing. The required open area shall be located not less than 42 inches (1067 mm) above the adjacent floor or landing level.
1026.4 Side yards. The open areas adjoining exterior exit ramps or stairways shall be either yards, courts or public ways; the remaining sides are permitted to be enclosed by the exterior walls of the building.
1026.5 Location. Exterior exit ramps and stairways shall be located in accordance with Section 1027.3.
1026.6 Exterior ramps and stairway protection. Exterior exit ramps and stairways shall be separated from the interior of the buildings as required in Section 1022.1. Openings shall be limited to those necessary for egress from normally occupied spaces.
Exceptions:
- Separation from the interior of the building is not required for occupancies, other than those in Group R-1 or R-2, in buildings that are no more than two stories above grade plane Where a level of exit discharge serving such occupancies is the first story above grade plane.
- Separation from the interior of the buildings is not require where the exterior ramp or stairway is served by an exterior ramp or stairway is served by an exterior ramp or balcony that connects two remote exterior stairways or other approved exits, with a perimeter that is not less than 50 percent open. To be considered open, the opening shall be a minimum of 50 percent of the height of the enclosing wall, with the top of the openings no less than 7 feet (2134 mm) above the top of the balcony.
- Separation from the interior of the building is not required for an exterior ramp or stairway located in a building or structure that is permitted to have unenclosed interior stairways in accordance with Section 1022.1.
- Separation from the interior of the building is not required for exterior ramps or stairways connected to open-ended exterior ramps or stairways connected to open-ended corridors, provided that Items 4.1 through 4.4 are met:
- The building, including corridors and ramps and stairs, shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
- The open-ended corridors comply with Section 1018.
- The open-ended corridors are connected on each end to an exterior exit ramp or stairway complying with Section 1026.
- At any location in an open-ended corridor where a change of direction exceeding 45 degrees (0.79 rad) occurs, a clear opening of not less than 35 square feet (3.3 m2) or an exterior ramp or stairway shall be provided. Where clear openings are provided, they shall be located so as to minimize the accumulation of smoke or toxic gases.
1027.1 General. Exits shall discharge directly to the exterior of the building. The exit discharge shall be at grade or shall provide direct access to grade. The exit discharge shall not reenter a building. The combined use of Exceptions 1 and 2 below shall
212not exceed 50 percent of the number and capacity of the required exits.
Exceptions:
- A maximum of 50 percent of the number and capacity of the exit enclosures is permitted to egress through areas on the level of discharge provided all of the following are met:
- Such exit enclosures egress to a free and unobstructed path of travel to an exterior exit door and such exit is readily visible and identifiable from the point of termination of the exit enclosure.
- The entire area of the level of exit discharge is separated from areas below by construction conforming to the fire-resistance rating for the exit enclosure.
- The egress path from the exit enclosure on the level of exit discharge is protected throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system. All portions of the level of exit discharge with access to the egress path shall either be protected throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, or separated from the egress path in accordance with the requirements for the enclosure of exits.
- A maximum of 50 percent of the number and capacity of the exit enclosure is permitted to egress through a vestibule provided all of the following are met:
- The entire area of the vestibule is separated from areas below by construction conforming to the fire-resistance rating for the exit enclosure.
- The depth from the exterior of the building is not greater than 10 feet (3048 mm) and the length is not greater than 30 feet (9144 mm).
- The area is separated from the remainder of the level of exit discharge by construction providing protection at least the equivalent of approved wired glass in steel frames.
- The area is used only for means of egress and exits directly to the outside.
- Stairways in open parking garages complying with Section 1022.1m Exception 4, are permitted to egress through the open parking garage at their levels of exit discharge
- Horizontal exits complying with Section 1025 shall not be required to discharge directly to the exterior of the building.
1027.2 Exit discharge capacity. The capacity of the exit discharge shall be not less than the required discharge capacity of the exits being served.
1027.3 Exit discharge location. Exterior balconies, stairways and ramps shall be located at least 10 feet (3048 mm) from adjacent lot lines and from other buildings on the same lot unless the adjacent building exterior walls and openings are protected in accordance with Section 705 of the California Building Code based on fire separation distance.
1027.4 Exit discharge components. Exit discharge components shall be sufficiently open to the exterior so as to minimize the accumulation of smoke and toxic gases.
1027.5 Egress courts. Egress courts serving as a portion of the exit discharge in the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of Section 1027.
1027.5.1 Width. The width of egress courts shall be determined as specified in Section 1005.1, but such width shall not be less than 44 inches (1118 mm), except as specified herein. Egress courts serving Group R-3 and U occupancies shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in width. The required width of egress courts shall be unobstructed to a height of 7 feet (2134 mm).
Exception: Doors complying with Section 1005.2.
Where an egress court exceeds the minimum required width and the width of such egress court is then reduced along the path of exit travel, the reduction in width shall be gradual. The transition in width shall be affected by a guard not less than 36 inches (914 mm) in height and shall not create an angle of more than 30 degress (0.52 rad) with respect to the axis of the egress court along the path of egress travel. In no case shall the width of the egress court be less than the required minimum.
1027.5.2 Construction and openings. Where an egress court serving a building or portion thereof is less than 10 feet (3048 mm) in width, the egress court walls shall have not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction for a distance of 10 feet (3048 mm) above the floor of the court. Openings within such walls shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than ¾ hour.
Exceptions:
- Egress courts serving an occupant load of less than 10.
- Egress courts serving Group R-3.
1027.6 Access to a public way. The exit discharge shall provide a direct and unobstructed access to a public way.
213Exception: Where access to a public way cannot be provided, a safe dispersal area shall be provided where all of the following are met:
- The area shall be of a size to accommodate at least 5 square feet (0.46 m2) for each person.
- For other than Group E buildings, t he area shall be located on the same lot at least 50 feet (15 240 mm) away from the building requiring egress. For Group E buildings, the area shall be located on the same lot at least 50 feet (15 240 mm) away from any building.
- The area shall be permanently maintained and identified as a safe dispersal area.
- The area shall be provided with a safe and unobstructed path of travel from the building.
1028.1 General. All o ccupancies in Group A and assembly occupancies accessory to Group E including those which contain seats, tables, displays, equipment or other material shall comply with this section.
1028.1.1 Bleachers. Bleachers, grandstands and folding and telescopic seating, that are not building elements, shall comply with ICC 300.
1028.2 Assembly main exit. Group A occupancies and assembly occupancies accessory to Group E occupancies that have an occupant load of greater than 300 shall be provided with a main exit. The main exit shall be of sufficient width to accommodate not less than one-half of the occupant load, but such width shall not be less than the total required width of all means of egress leading to the exit. Where the building is classified as a Group A occupancy, the main exit shall front on at least one street or an unoccupied space of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) in width that adjoins a street or public way.
Exceptions:
- In assembly occupancies where there is no well-defined main exit or where multiple main exits are provided, exits shall be permitted to be distributed around the perimeter of the building provided that the total width of egress is not less than 100 percent of the required width. At least one exit shall discharge on a street or an unoccupied space of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) in width that adjoins a street or public way.
- Smoke-protected seating complying with Section 1028.6.2.
1028.3 Assembly other exits. In addition to having access to a main exit, each level in Group A occupancies or assembly occupancies accessory to Group E occupancies having an occupant load greater than 300, shall be provided with additional means of egress that shall provide an egress capacity for at least one-half of the total occupant load served by that level and comply with Section 1015.2. At least one-half of the additional means of egress required by this section shall be directly to an exit, or through a lobby, that is not used to access the main exit, to an exit, or to a one hour rated corridor to an exit.
Exceptions:
- In assembly occupancies where there is no well-defined main exit or where multiple main exits are provided, exits shall be permitted to be distribute around the perimeter of the building, provided that the total width of egress is not less than 100 percent of the required width. At least one exit shall discharge on a street or an unoccupied space of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) in width that adjoins a street or public way.
- Smoke-protected seating complying with Section 1028.6.2.
1028.3.1 Occupant loads less than 300. Group A occupancies or assembly occupancies accessory to Group E occupancies that have an occupant load of 100 or more and less than 300, shall have at least one of the required means of egress directly to an exit, or through a lobby, that is not used to access the other required exit, to an exit, or to a one hour rated corridor to an exit or continuous through a one hour rated lobby to an exit. At least one exit shall discharge on a street or an unoccupied space of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) in width that adjoins a street or public way.
1028.4 Foyers and lobbies. In Group A-1 occupancies, where persons are admitted to the building at times when seats are not available, such persons shall be allowed to wait in a lobby or similar space, provided such lobby or similar space shall not encroach upon the required clear width of the means of egress. Such foyer, if not directly connected to a public street by all the main entrances or exits, shall have a straight and unobstructed corridor or path of travel to every such main entrance or exit.
1028.5 Interior balcony and gallery means of egress. For balconies, galleries or press boxes having a seating capacity of 50 or more located in Group A occupancies, at least two means of egress shall be provided, with one from each side of every balcony, gallery or press box and at least one leading directly to an exit.
1028.5.1 Enclosure of openings. Interior stairways and other vertical openings shall be enclosed in an exit enclosure as provided in Section 1022.1, except that stairways are permitted to be open between the balcony, gallery or press box and the main assembly floor in occupancies such as theaters, places of religious worship, auditoriums and sports facilities. At least one accessible means of egress is required from a balcony, gallery or press box level containing accessible seating locations in accordance with Section 1007.3 or 1007.4.
1028.6 Width of means of egress for assembly. The clear width of aisles and other means of egress shall comply with Section 1028.6.1 where smoke-protected seating is not provided and with Section 1028.6.2 or 1028.6.3 where smoke-protected seating is provided. The clear width shall be measured to walls, edges of seating and tread edges except for permitted projections.
1028.6.1 Without smoke protection. The clear width of the means of egress shall provide sufficient capacity in accordance with all of the following, as applicable:
1028.6.2 Smoke-protected seating. The clear width of the means of egress for smoke-protected assembly seating shall not be less than the occupant load served by the egress element multiplied by the appropriate factor in Table 1028.6.2. The total number of seats specified shall be those within the space exposed to the same smoke-protected environment. Interpolation is permitted between the specific values shown. A life safety evaluation, complying with NFPA 101, shall be done for a facility utilizing the reduced width requirements of Table 1028.6.2 for smoke-protected assembly seating.
Exception: For an outdoor smoke-protected assembly with an occupant load not greater than 18,000, the clear width shall be determined using the factors in Section 1028.6.3.
1028.6.2.1 Smoke control. Means of egress serving a smoke-protected assembly seating area shall be provided with a smoke control system complying with Section 909 or natural ventilation designed to maintain the smoke level at least 6 feet (1829 mm) above the floor of the means of egress.
1028.6.2.2 Roof height. A smoke-protected assembly seating area with a roof shall have the lowest portion of the roof deck not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the highest aisle or aisle accessway.
Exception: A roof canopy in an outdoor stadium shall be permitted to be less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the highest aisle or aisle accessway provided that there are no objects less than 80 inches (2032 mm) above the highest aisle or aisle accessway.
1028.6.2.3 Automatic sprinklers. Enclosed areas with walls and ceilings in buildings or structures containing smoke-protected assembly seating shall be protected with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Exceptions:
- The floor area used for contests, performances or entertainment provided the roof construction is more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) above the floor level and the use is restricted to low fire hazard uses.
- Press boxes and storage facilities less than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) in area.
- Outdoor seating facilities where seating and the means of egress in the seating area are essentially open to the outside.
1028.6.3 Width of means of egress for outdoor smoke-protected assembly. The clear width in inches (mm) of aisles and other means of egress shall be not less than the total occupant load served by the egress element multiplied by 0.08 (2.0 mm) where egress is by aisles and stairs and multiplied by 0.06 (1.52 mm) where egress is by ramps, corridors, tunnels or vomitories.
Exception: The clear width in inches (mm) of aisles and other means of egress shall be permitted to comply with Section 1028.6.2 for the number of seats in the outdoor smoke-protected assembly where Section 1028.6.2 permits less width.`.
1028.6.4 Public address system. See Section 907.2.1.2.
1028.7 Travel distance. Exits and aisles shall be so located that the travel distance to an exit door shall not be greater than 200 feet (60 960 mm) measured along the line of travel in nonsprinklered buildings. Travel distance shall not be more than 250 feet (76 200 mm) in sprinklered buildings. Where aisles are provided for seating, the distance shall be measured along the aisles and aisle accessway without travel over or on the seats.
Exceptions:
- Smoke-protected assembly seating: The travel distance from each seat to the nearest entrance to a vomitory or concourse shall not exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm). The travel distance from the entrance to the vomitory or concourse to a stair, ramp or walk on the exterior of the building shall not exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm).
- Open-air seating: The travel distance from each seat to the building exterior shall not exceed 400 feet (122 m). The travel distance shall not be limited in facilities of Type I or II construction.
TOTAL NUMBER OF SEATS IN THE SMOKE PROTECTED ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCY | INCHES OF CLEAR WIDTH PER SEAT SERVED | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Stairs and aisle steps with handrails within 30 inches | Stairs and aisle steps without handrails within 30 inches | Passageways, doorways and ramps not steeper than 1 in 10 in slope | Ramps steeper than 1 in 10 in slope | |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. | ||||
Equal to or less than 5,000 | 0.200 | 0.250 | 0.150 | 0.165 |
10,000 | 0.130 | 0.163 | 0.100 | 0.110 |
15,000 | 0.096 | 0.120 | 0.070 | 0.077 |
20,000 | 0.076 | 0.095 | 0.056 | 0.062 |
Equal to or greater than 25,000 | 0.060 | 0.075 | 0.044 | 0.048 |
1028.8 Common path of egress travel. The common path of egress travel shall not exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) from any seat to a point where an occupant has a choice of two paths of egress travel to two exits.
Exceptions:
- For areas serving less than 50 occupants, the common path of egress travel shall not exceed 75 feet (22 860 mm)
- For smoke-protected assembly seating, the common path of egress travel shall not exceed 50 feet (15 240 mm)
1028.8.1 Path through adjacent row. Where one of the two paths of travel is across the aisle, through a row of seats to another aisle, there shall be not more than 24 seats between the two aisles, and the minimum clear width between rows for the row between the two aisles, shall be 12 inches (305 mm) plus 0.6 inch (15.2 mm) for each additional seat above seven in the row between aisles.
Exception: For smoke-protected assembly seating there shall not be more than 40 seats between the two aisle and the minimum clear width shall be 12 inches (305 mm) plus 0.3 inch (7.6 mm) for each additional seat.
1028.9 Assembly aisles are required. Every occupied portion of any occupancy in Group A or assembly occupancies accessory to Group E that contains seats, tables, displays, similar fixtures or equipment shall be provided with aisles leading to exits or exit access doorways in accordance with this section. Aisle accessways for tables and seating shall comply with Section 1017.4.
1028.9.1 Minimum aisle width. The minimum clear width for aisles shall be as shown:
Exception: Thirty-six inches (914 mm) where the aisle serves less than 50 seats.
Exceptions:
- Thirty-six inches (914 mm) where the aisle serves less that 50 seats.
- Thirty inches (762 mm) where the aisle does not serve more than 14 seats.
Exceptions:
- Thirty inches (762 mm) where the aisle does not serve more than 14 seats.
- Twenty-three inches (584 mm) between an aisle stair handrail and seating where an aisle does not serve more than five rows on one side.
1028.9.2 Aisle width. The aisle width shall provide sufficient egress capacity for the number of persons accommodated by the catchment areas served by the aisle. The catchment area served by an aisle is that portion of the total space that is served by that section of the aisle. In establishing catchment areas, the assumption shall be made that there is a balanced use of all means of egress, with the number of persons in proportion to egress capacity.
1028.9.3 Converging aisles. Where aisles converge to form a single path of egress travel, the required egress capacity of that path shall not be less than the combined required capacity of the converging aisles.
1028.9.4 Uniform width. Those portions of aisles, where egress is possible in either of two directions, shall be uniform in required width.
1028.9.5 Assembly aisle termination. Each end of an aisle shall terminate at cross aisle, foyer, doorway, vomitory or concourse having access to an exit.
Exceptions:
- Dead-end aisles shall not be greater than 20 feet (6096 mm) in length.
- Dead-end aisles longer than 20 feet (6096 mm) are permitted where seats beyond the 20-foot (6096 mm) dead-end aisle are no more than 24 seats from another aisle, measured along a row of seats having a minimum clear width of 12 inches (305 mm) plus 0.6 inch (15.2 mm) for each additional seat above seven in the row.
- For smoke-protected assembly seating, the dead-end aisle length of vertical aisles shall no exceed a distance of 21 rows.
- For smoke-protected assembly seating, a longer dead-end aisle is permitted where seats beyond the 21-row dead-end aisle are not more than 40 seats from another aisle, measured along a row of seats having an aisle accessway with a minimum clear width of 12 inches (305 mm) plus 0.3 inch (7.6 mm) for each additional seat above seven in the row.
1028.9.6 Assembly aisle obstructions. There shall be no obstructions in the required width of aisles except for hand-rails as provided in Section 1028.13.
1028.10 Clear width of aisle accessways serving seating. Where seating rows have 14 or fewer seats, the minimum clear aisle accessway width shall not be less than 12 inches (305 mm) measured as the clear horizontal distance from the back of the row ahead and the nearest projection of the row behind. Where chairs have automatic or self-rising seats, the measure
216ment shall be made with seats in the raised position. Where any chair in the row does not have an automatic or self-rising seat, the measurements shall be made with the seat in the down position. For seats with folding tablet arms, row spacing shall be determined with the tablet arm in the used position.
Exception: For seats with folding tablet arms, row spacing is permitted to be determined with the tablet arm in the stored position where the tablet arm when raised manually to vertical position in one motion automatically returns to the stored position by force of gravity.
1028.10.1 Dual access. For rows of seating served by aisles or doorways at both ends, there shall not be more than 100 seats per row. The minimum clear width of 12 inches (305 mm) between rows shall be increased by 0.3 inch (7.6 mm) for every additional seat beyond 14 seats, but the minimum clear width is not required to exceed 22 inches (559 mm).
Exception: For smoke-protected assembly seating, the row length limits for a 12-inch-wide (305 mm) aisle accessway, beyond which the aisle accessway minimum clear width shall be increased, are in Table 1028.10.1.
TOTAL NUMBER OF SEATS IN THE SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCY | MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SEATS PER ROW PERMITTED TO HAVE A MINIMUM 12-INCH CLEAR WIDTH AISLE ACCESSWAY | |
---|---|---|
Aisle or doorway at both ends of row | Aisle or doorway at one end of row only | |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. | ||
Less than 4,000 | 14 | 7 |
4,000 | 15 | 7 |
7,000 | 16 | 8 |
10,000 | 17 | 8 |
13,000 | 18 | 9 |
16,000 | 19 | 9 |
19,000 | 20 | 10 |
22,000 and greater | 21 | 11 |
1028.10.2 Single access. For rows of seating served by an aisle or doorway at only one end of the row, the minimum clear width of 12 inches (305 mm) between rows shall be increased by 0.6 inch (15.2 mm) for every additional seat beyond seven seats, but the minimum clear width is not required to exceed 22 inches (559 mm).
Exception: For smoke-protected assembly seating, the row length limits for a 12-inch-wide (305 mm) aisle accessway, beyond which the aisle accessway minimum clear width shall be increased, are in Table 1028.10.1.
1028.11 Assembly aisle walking surfaces. Aisles with a slope not exceeding one unit vertical in eight units horizontal (12.5-percent slope) shall consist of a ramp having a slip-resistant walking surface. Aisles with a slope exceeding one unit vertical in eight units horizontal (12.5-percent slope) shall consist of a series of risers and treads that extends across the full width of aisles and complies with Sections 1028.11.1 through 1028.11.3.
1028.11.1 Treads. Tread depths shall be a minimum of 11 inches (279 mm) and shall have dimensional uniformity.
Exception: The tolerance between adjacent treads shall not exceed 0.188 inch (4.8 mm).
1028.11.2 Risers. Where the gradient of aisle stairs is to be the same as the gradient of adjoining seating areas, the riser height shall not be less than 4 inches (102 mm) nor more than 8 inches (203 mm) and shall be uniform within each flight.
Exceptions:
- Riser height nonuniformity shall be limited to the extent necessitated by changes in the gradient of the adjoining seating area to maintain adequate sightlines. Where nonuniformities exceed 0.188 inch (4.8 mm) between adjacent risers, the exact location of such nonuniformities shall be indicated with a distinctive marking stripe on each tread at the nosing or leading edge adjacent to the nonuniform risers. Such stripe shall be a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm), and a maximum of 2 inches (51 mm), wide. The edge marking stripe shall be distinctively different from the contrasting marking stripe.
- Riser heights not exceeding 9 inches (229 mm) shall be permitted where they are necessitated by the slope of the adjacent seating areas to maintain sightlines.
1028.11.3 Tread contrasting marking stripe. A contrasting marking stripe shall be provided on each tread at the nosing or leading edge such that the location of each tread is readily apparent when viewed in descent. Such stripe shall be a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm), and a maximum of 2 inches (51 mm), wide.
Exception: The contrasting marking stripe is permitted to be omitted where tread surfaces are such that the location of each tread is readily apparent when viewed in descent.
1028.12 Seat stability. In places of assembly, the seats shall be securely fastened to the floor.
Exceptions:
- In places of assembly or portions thereof without ramped or tiered floors for seating and with 200 or fewer seats, the seats shall not be required to be fastened to the floor.
- In places of assembly or portions thereof with seating at tables and without ramped or tiered floors for seating, the seats shall not be required to be fastened to the floor.
- In places of assembly or portions thereof without ramped or tiered floors for seating and with greater than 200 seats, the seats shall be fastened together in groups of not less than three or the seats shall be securely fastened to the floor.
- In places of assembly where flexibility of the seating arrangement is an integral part of the design and function 217 of the space and seating is on tiered levels, a maximum of 200 seats shall not be required to be fastened to the floor. Plans showing seating, tiers and aisles shall be submitted for approval.
- Groups of seats within a place of assembly separated from other seating by railings, guards, partial height walls or similar barriers with level floors and having no more than 14 seats per group shall not be required to be fastened to the floor.
- Seats intended for musicians or other performers and separated by railings, guards, partial height walls or similar barriers shall not be required to be fastened to the floor.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.06(a)] Bonding of Chairs and Spacing of Tables.
Exception:
- When not more than 299 such seats, chairs or facilities are provided, bonding thereof may be deleted.
- The bonding of chairs shall not be required when tables are provided as when the occupancy is used for dining or similar purposes.
- Upon approval of the enforcing agency, the bonding of chairs shall not be required when the placement and location of such chairs do not obstruct any required exit or any line of egress toward required exits and do not constitute a fire hazard as defined in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division I, Section 3.14.
1028.13 Handrails. Ramped aisles having a slope exceeding one unit vertical in 15 units horizontal (6.7-percent slope) and aisle stairs shall be provided with handrails located either at the side or within the aisle width.
Exceptions:
- Handrails are not required for ramped aisles having a gradient no greater than one unit vertical in eight 15 units horizontal (12.5-percent slope) and seating on both sides.
- Handrails are not required if, at the side of the aisle, there is a guard that complies with the graspability requirements of handrails.
- Handrail extensions are not required at the top and bottom of aisle stairs and aisle ramp runs to permit crossovers within the aisles.
1028.13.1 Discontinuous handrails. Where there is seating on both sides of the aisle, the handrails shall be discontinuous with gaps or breaks at intervals not exceeding five rows to facilitate access to seating and to permit crossing from one side of the aisle to the other. These gaps or breaks shall have a clear width of at least 22 inches (559 mm) and not greater than 36 inches (914 mm), measured horizontally, and the handrail shall have rounded terminations or bends.
1028.13.2 Intermediate handrails. Where handrails are provided in the middle of aisle stairs, there shall be an additional intermediate handrail located approximately 12 inches (305 mm) below the main handrail.
1028.14 Assembly guards. Assembly guards shall comply with Sections 1028.14.1 through 1028.14.3.
1028.14.1 Cross aisles. Cross aisles located more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below shall have guards in accordance with Section 1013.
Where an elevation change of 30 inches (762 mm) or less occurs between a cross aisle and the adjacent floor or grade below, guards not less than 26 inches (660 mm) above the aisle floor shall be provided.
Exception: Where the backs of seats on the front of the cross aisle project 24 inches (610 mm) or more above the adjacent floor of the aisle, a guard need not be provided.
1028.14.2 Sightline-constrained guard heights. Unless subject to the requirements of Section 1028.14.3, a fascia or railing system in accordance with the guard requirements of Section 1013 and having a minimum height of 26 inches (660 mm) shall be provided where the floor or footboard elevation is more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below and the fascia or railing would otherwise interfere with the sightlines of immediately adjacent seating. At bleachers, a guard must be provided where required by ICC 300.
1028.14.3 Guards at the end of aisles. A fascia or railing system complying with the guard requirements of Section 1013 shall be provided for the full width of the aisle where the foot of the aisle is more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below. The fascia or railing shall be a minimum of 36 inches (914 mm) high and shall provide a minimum 42 inches (1067 mm) measured diagonally between the top of the rail and the nosing of the nearest tread.
1028.15 Bench seating. Where bench seating is used, the number of persons shall be based on one person for each 18 inches (457 mm) of length of the bench.
1029.1 General. In addition to the means of egress required by this chapter, provisions shall be made for emergency escape and rescue in Group R occupancies. Basements and sleeping rooms below the fourth story above grade plane shall have at least one exterior emergency escape and rescue opening in accordance with this section. Where basement contain one or more sleeping rooms, emergency escape and rescue openings shall be required in each sleeping room, but shall not be required in adjoining areas of the basement. Such openings shall open directly into a public way or to a yard or court that opens to a public way.
Exceptions:
- In Groups R-1 and R-2 occupancies constructed of Type I, Type IIA, Type IIIA or Type IV construction equipped throughout with an approved automatic 218 sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
- The emergency escape and rescue opening is permitted to open onto a balcony within an atrium in accordance with the requirements of Section 404 of the California Building Code, provided the balcony provides access to an exit and the dwelling unit or sleeping unit has a means of egress that is not open to the atrium.
- Basements with a ceiling height of less than 80 inches (2032 mm) shall not be required to have emergency escape and rescue windows.
- High-rise buildings in accordance with Section 403 of the California Building Code.
- Emergency escape and rescue openings are not required from basements or sleeping rooms that have an exit door or exit access door that opens directly into a public way or to a yard, court or exterior exit balcony that provides access to a public way.
- Basements without habitable spaces and having no more than 200 square feet (18.6 m2) in floor area shall not be required to have emergency escape windows.
1029.2 Minimum size. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall have a minimum net clear opening of 5.7 square feet (0.53 m2).
Exception: The minimum net clear opening for emergency escap and rescue grade-floor openings shall be 5 square feet (0.46 m2).
1029.2.1 Minimum dimensions. The minimum net clear opening height dimension shall be 24 inches (610 mm). The minimum net clear opening width dimension shall be 20 inches (508 mm). The net clear opening dimensions shall be the result of normal operation of the opening.
1029.3 Maximum height from floor.Emergency escape and rescue openings shall have the bottom of the clear opening not greater than 44 inches (1118 mm) measured from the floor.
1029.4 Operational constraints. Emergency escape and rescue openings and any exit doors shall be maintained free of any obstructions other than those allowed by this section and shall be operational from the inside of the room. Bars, grilles, grates or similar devices are permitted to be placed over emergency escape and rescue openings provided the minimum net clear opening size complies with Section 1029.2 and such devices shall be releasable or removable from the inside without the use of a key, tool, special knowledge or effort or the force greater than that which is required for normal operation of the escape and rescue opening. Where such bars, grilles, grates or similar devices are installed, smoke alarms shall be installed in accordance with Sections 907.2.11 regardless of the valuation of the alteration. The release mechanism shall be maintained operable at all times.
Such bars, grills, grates or any similar devices shall be equipped with an approved exterior release device for use by the fire department only when required by the authority having jurisdiction.
Where security bars (burglar bars) are installed on emergency egrees and rescue windows or doors, on or after July 1, 2000, such devices shall comply with California Building Standards Code, Part 12, Chapter 12-3 and other applicable provisions of Part 2.
Exception: Group R1 occupancies provided with a monitored fire sprinkler system in accordance with section 903.2.8 and designed in accordance with NFPA 13 may have openable windows permanently restricted to a maximum 4-inch (102 mm) open position.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §4.2] Labeling.
Burglar bars shall not be sold in California at wholesale or retail unless warning information as specified in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 4.3 is provided either on the packaging or provided inside the packaging along with the burglar bars.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §4.3(a) through (c)] Warning Information.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §4.4] Warning Information Location.
When placed on burglar bar packaging, the information required by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 4.3 shall be conspicuously located and shall not be covered or made illegible by product advertising not required by Section 4.3.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §4.5(a)] Contractor or Installer Disclosures.
Any contractor or installer of burglar bars shall provide the owner of the residential dwelling the warning information required pursuant to California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 4.3 prior to installing burglar bars.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §4.6(a) and (b)] Prohibited Installations.
No person shall install for profit unopenable burglar bars on a residential dwelling:
1029.5 Window wells. An emergency escape and rescue opening with a finished sill height below the adjacent ground level shall be provided with a window well in accordance with Sections 1029.5.1 and 1029.5.2.
1029.5.1 Minimum size. The minimum horizontal area of the window well shall be 9 square feet (0.84 m2), with a minimum dimension of 36 inches (914 mm). The area of the window well shall allow the emergency escape and rescue opening to be fully opened.
1029.5.2 Ladders or steps. Window wells with a vertical depth of more than 44 inches (1118 mm) shall be equipped with an approved permanently affixed ladder or steps. Ladders or rungs shall have an inside width of at least 12 inches (305 mm), shall project at least 3 inches (76 mm) from the wall and shall be spaced not more than 18 inches (457 mm) on center (o.c.) vertically for the full height of the window well. The ladder or steps shall not encroach into the required dimensions of the window well by more than 6 inches (152 mm). The ladder or steps shall not be obstructed by the emergency escape and rescue opening. Ladders or steps required by this section are exempt from the stairway requirements of Section 1009.
1030.1 General. The means of egress for buildings or portions thereof shall be maintained in accordance with this section.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.11(a) through (d)] Exits, Aisles, Ramps, Corridors and Passageways.
Exceptions:
- Furniture or equipment constructed of wood or other material of similar combustibility may be permitted in an exit or exposed to an exit when approved by the enforcing agency.
- When approved by the enforcing agency, combustible materials, may be permitted in exit foyers and lobbies.
Exception: Personal material located in metal lockers in Groups B and E Occupancies as defined in California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2.
1030.2 Reliability. Required exit accesses, exits or exit discharges shall be continuously maintained free from obstructions or impediments to full instant use in the case of fire or other emergency when the areas served by such exits are occupied. Security devices affecting means of egress shall be subject to approval of the fire code official.
1030.3 Obstructions. A means of egress shall be free from obstructions that would prevent its use, including the accumulation of snow and ice.
1030.4 Exit signs. Exit signs shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Section 1011. Decorations, furnishings, equipment or adjacent signage that impairs the visibility of exit signs, creates confusion or prevents identification of the exit shall not be allowed.
1030.5 Nonexit identification. Where a door is adjacent to, constructed similar to and can be confused with a means of egress door, that door shall be identified with an approved sign that identifies the room name or use of the room.
1030.6 Furnishings and decorations. Furnishings, decorations or other objects shall not be placed so as to obstruct exits, access thereto, egress therefrom, or visibility thereof. Hangings and draperies shall not be placed over exit doors or other-wise be located to conceal or obstruct an exit. Mirrors shall not be placed on exit doors. Mirrors shall not be placed in or adjacent
220to any exit in such a manner as to confuse the direction of exit.
1030.7 Emergency escape openings. Required emergency escape openings shall be maintained in accordance with the code in effect at the time of construction, and the following: Required emergency escape and rescue openings shall be operational from the inside of the room without the use of keys or tools. Bars, grilles, grates or similar devices are allowed to be placed over emergency escape and rescue openings provided the minimum net clear opening size complies with the code that was in effect at the time of construction and such devices shall be releasable or removable from the inside without the use of a key, tool or force greater than that which is required for normal operation of the escape and rescue opening.
1030.8 Testing and maintenance. All two-way communication systems for areas of refuge shall be inspected and tested on a yearly basis to verify that all components are operational. When required, the tests shall be conducted in the presence of the fire code official.
221 222Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below |
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Chapter/Section |
1101.1 Scope. Airports, heliports, helistops and aircraft hangars shall be in accordance with this chapter.
1101.2 Regulations not covered. Regulations not specifically contained herein pertaining to airports, aircraft maintenance, aircraft hangars and appurtenant operations shall be in accordance with nationally recognized standards.
1101.3 Permits. For permits to operate aircraft-refueling vehicles, application of flammable or combustible finishes and hot work, see Section 105.6.
1102.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
AIRCRAFT OPERATION AREA (AOA). Any area used or intended for use for the parking, taxiing, takeoff, landing or other ground-based aircraft activity.
AIRPORT. An area of land or structural surface that is used, or intended for use, for the landing and taking off of aircraft with an overall length greater than 39 feet (11 887 mm) and an over-all exterior fuselage width greater than 6.6 feet (2012 mm), and any appurtenant areas that are used or intended for use for airport buildings and other airport facilities.
HELIPORT. An area of land or water or a structural surface that is used, or intended for use, for the landing and taking off of helicopters, and any appurtenant areas which are used, or intended for use, for heliport buildings and other heliport facilities.
HELISTOP. The same as “Heliport,” except that no fueling, defueling, maintenance, repairs or storage of helicopters is permitted.
1103.1 Sources of ignition. Open flames, flame-producing devices and other sources of ignition shall not be permitted in a hangar, except in approved locations or in any location within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of an aircraft-fueling operation.
1103.2 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited in aircraft-refueling vehicles, aircraft hangars and aircraft operation areas used for cleaning, paint removal, painting operations or fueling. “No Smoking” signs shall be provided in accordance with Section 310.
Exception: Designated and approved smoking areas.
1103.3 Housekeeping. The aircraft operation area (AOA) and related areas shall be kept free from combustible debris at all times.
1103.4 Fire department access. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Chapter 5. Fire apparatus access roads and aircraft parking positions shall be designed in a manner so as to preclude the possibility of fire vehicles traveling under any portion of a parked aircraft.
1103.5 Dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids. The dispensing, transferring and storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with this chapter and Chapter 34. Aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing facilities shall be in accordance with Chapter 22.
1103.6 Combustible storage. Combustible materials stored in aircraft hangars shall be stored in approved locations and containers.
1103.7 Hazardous material storage. Hazardous materials shall be stored in accordance with Chapter 27.
1104.1 Transferring flammable and combustible liquids. Flammable and combustible liquids shall not be dispensed into or removed from a container, tank, vehicle or aircraft except in approved locations.
1104.2 Application of flammable and combustible liquid finishes. The application of flammable or Class II combustible liquid finishes is prohibited unless both of the following conditions are met:
1104.3 Cleaning parts. Class IA flammable liquids shall not be used to clean aircraft, aircraft parts or aircraft engines. Cleaning with other flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Section 3405.3.6.
1104.4 Spills. This section shall apply to spills of flammable and combustible liquids and other hazardous materials. Fuel spill control shall also comply with Section 1106.11.
1104.4.1 Cessation of work. Activities in the affected area not related to the mitigation of the spill shall cease until the spilled material has been removed or the hazard has been mitigated.
1104.4.2 Vehicle movement. Aircraft or other vehicles shall not be moved through the spill area until the spilled material has been removed or the hazard has been mitigated.
2251104.4.3 Mitigation. Spills shall be reported, documented and mitigated in accordance with the provisions of this chapter and Section 2703.3.
1104.5 Running engines. Aircraft engines shall not be run in aircraft hangars except in approved engine test areas.
1104.6 Open flame. Repairing of aircraft requiring the use of open flames, spark-producing devices or the heating of parts above 500°F (260°C) shall only be done outdoors or in an area complying with the provisions of the International Building Code for a Group F-1 occupancy.
1105.1 General. Portable fire extinguishers suitable for flammable or combustible liquid and electrical-type fires shall be provided as specified in Sections 1105.2 through 1105.6 and Section 906. Extinguishers required by this section shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with Section 906.
1105.2 On towing vehicles. Vehicles used for towing aircraft shall be equipped with a minimum of one listed portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 and having a minimum rating of 20-B:C.
1105.3 On welding appartus. Welding apparatus shall be equipped with a minimum of one listed portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 and having a minimum rating of 2-A:20-B:C.
1105.4 On aircraft fuel-servicing tank vehicles. Aircraft fuel-servicing tank vehicles shall be equipped with a minimum of two listed portable fire extinguishers complying with Section 906, each having a minimum rating of 20-B:C. A portable fire extinguisher shall be readily accessible from either side of the vehicle.
1105.5 On hydrant fuel-servicing vehicles. Hydrany fuel-servicing vehicles shall be equipped with a minimum of one listed portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906, and having a minimum rating of 20-B:C.
1105.6 At fuel-dispensing stations. Portable fire extinguishers at fuel-dispensing stations shall be located such that pumps or dispensers are not more than 75 feet (22860 mm) from one such extinguisher. Fire extinguishers shall be provided as follows:
1105.7 Fire extinguisher access. Portable fire extinguishers required by this chapter shall be accessible at all times. Where necessary, provisions shall be made to clear accumulations of snow, ice and other forms of weather-induced obstructions.
1105.7.1 Cabinets. Cabinets and enclosed compartments used to house portable fire extinguishers shall be clearly marked with the words FIRE EXTINGUISHER in letters at least 2 inches (51 mm) high. Cabinets and compartments shall be readily accessible at all times.
1105.8 Reporting use. Use of a fire extinguisher under any circumstances shall be reported to the manager of the airport and the fire code official immediately after use.
1106.1 Aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing facilities. Aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing facilities shall be in accordance with Chapter 22.
1106.2 Airport fuel systems. Airport fuel systems shall be designed and constructed in accordance with NFPA 407.
1106.3 Construction of aircraft-fueling vehicles and accessories. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall comply with this section and shall be designed and constructed in accordance with NFPA 407.
1106.3.1 Transfer apparatus. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall be equipped and maintained with an approved transfer apparatus.
1106.3.1.1. Internal combustion type. Where such transfer apparatus is operated by an individual unit of the internal-combustion-motor type, such power unit shall be located as remotely as practicable from pumps, piping, meters, air eliminators, water separators, hose reels and similar equipment, and shall be housed in a separate compartment from any of the aforementioned items. The fuel tank is connection therewith shall be suitably designed and installed, and the maximum fuel capacity shall not exceed 5 gallons (19 L) where the tank is installed on the engine. The exhaust pipe, muffler and tail pipe shall be shielded.
1106.3.1.2 Gear operated. Where operated by gears or chains, the gears, chains, shafts, bearings, housing and all parts thereof shall be of an approved design and shall be installed and maintained in an approved manner.
1106.3.1.3 Vibration isolation. Flexible connections for the purpose of eliminating vibration are allowed if the material used therein is designed, installed and main-
226tained in an approved manner, provided such connections do not exceed 24 inches (610 mm) in length.
1106.3.2 Pumps. Pumps of a positive-displacement type shall be provided with a bypass relief valve set at a pressure of not more than 35 percent in excess of the normal working pressure of such unit. Such units shall be equipped and maintained with a pressure gauge on the discharge side of the pump.
1106.3.3 Dispensing hoses and nozzles. Hoses shall be designed for the transferring of hydrocarbon liquids and shall not be any longer than necessary to provide efficient fuel transfer operations. Hoses shall be equipped with an approved shutoff nozzle. Fuel-transfer nozzles shall be self-closing and designed to be actuated by hand pressure only. Notches and other devices shall not be used for holding a nozzle valve handle in the open position. Nozzles shall be equipped with a bonding cable complete with proper attachment for aircraft to be serviced.
1106.3.4 Protection of electrical equipment. Electric wiring, switches, lights and other sources of ignition, when located in a compartment housing piping, pumps, air eliminators, water separators, hose reels or similar equipment, shall be enclosed in a vapor-tight housing. Electrical motors located in such a compartment shall be of a type approved for use as specified in NFPA 70.
1106.3.5 Venting of equipment compartments. Compartments housing piping, pumps, air eliminators, water separators, hose reels and similar equipment shall be adequately ventilated at floor level or within the floor itself.
1106.3.6 Accessory equipment. Ladders, hose reels and similar accessory equipment shall be of an approved type and constructed substantially as follows:
1106.3.7 Electrical bonding provisions. Transfer apparatus shall be metallically interconnected with tanks, chassis, axles and springs of aircraft-fueling vehicles.
1106.3.7.1 Bonding cables. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall be provided and maintained with a substantial heavy-duty electrical cable of sufficient length to be bonded to the aircraft to be serviced. Such cable shall be metallically connected to the transfer apparatus or chassis of the aircraft-fueling vehicle on one end and shall be provided with a suitable metal clamp on the other end, to be fixed to the aircraft.
1106.3.7.2 Bonding cable protection. The bonding cable shall be bare or have a transparent protective sleeve and be stored on a reel or in a compartment provided for no other purpose. It shall be carried in such a manner that it will not be subjected to sharp kinks or accidental breakage under conditions of general use.
1106.3.8 Smoking. Smoking in aircraft-fueling vehicles is prohibited. Signs to this effect shall be conspicuously posted in the driver’s compartment of all fueling vehicles.
1106.3.9 Smoking equipment. Smoking equipment such as cigarette lighters and ash trays shall not be provided in aircraft-fueling vehicles.
1106.4 Operation, maintenance and use of aircraft-fueling vehicles. The operation, maintenance and use of aircraft-fueling vehicles shall be in accordance with Sections 1106.4.1 through 1106.4.4 and other applicable provisions of this chapter.
1106.4.1 Proper maintenance. Aircraft-fueling vehicles and all related equipment shall be properly maintained and kept in good repair. Accumulations of oil, grease, fuel and other flammable or combustible materials is prohibited. Maintenance and servicing of such equipment shall be accomplished in approved areas.
1106.4.2 Vehicle integrity. Tanks, pipes, hoses, valves and other fuel delivery equipment shall be maintained leak free at all times.
1106.4.3 Removal from service. Aircraft-fueling vehicles and related equipment which are in violation of Section 1106.4.1 or 1106.4.2 shall be immediately defueled and removed from service and shall not be returned to service until proper repairs have been made.
1106.4.4 Operators. Aircraft-fueling vehicles that are operated by a person, firm or corporation other than the permittee or the permittee’s authorized employee shall be provided with a legible sign visible from outside the vehicle showing the name of the person, firm or corporation operating such unit.
1106.5 Fueling and defueling. Aircraft-fueling and defueling operations shall be in accordance with Sections 1106.5.1 through 1106.5.5.
1106.5.1 Positioning of aircraft-fueling vehicles. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall not be located, parked or permitted to stand in a position where such unit would obstruct egress from an aircraft should a fire occur during fuel-transfer operations. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall not be located, parked or permitted to stand under any portion of an aircraft.
Exception: Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall be allowed to be located under aircraft wings during underwing fueling of turbine-engine powered aircraft.
1106.5.1.1 Fueling vehicle egress. A clear path shall be maintained for aircraft-fueling vehicles to provide for prompt and timely egress from the fueling area.
1106.5.1.2 Aircraft vent openings. A clear space of at least 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be maintained between aircraft fuel-system vent openings and any part or portion of an aircraft-fueling vehicle.
2271106.5.1.3 Parking. Prior to leaving the cab, the aircraft-fueling vehicle operator shall ensure that the parking brake has been set. At least two chock blocks not less than 5 inches by 5 inches by 12 inches (127 mm by 127 mm by 305 mm) in size and dished to fit the contour of the tires shall be utilized and positioned in such a manner as to preclude movement of the vehicle in any direction.
1106.5.2 Electrical bonding. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall be electrically bonded to the aircraft being fueled or defueled. Bonding connections shall be made prior to making fueling connections and shall not be disconnected until the fuel-transfer operations are completed and the fueling connections have been removed.
Where a hydrant service vehicle or cart is used for fueling, the hydrant coupler shall be connected to the hydrant system prior to bonding the fueling equipment to the aircraft.
1106.5.2.1 Conductive hose. In addition to the bonding cable required by Section 1106.5.2, conductive hose shall be used for all fueling operations.
1106.5.2.2 Bonding conductors on transfer nozzles. Transfer nozzles shall be equipped with approved bonding conductors which shall be clipped or otherwise positively engaged with the bonding attachment provided on the aircraft adjacent to the fuel tank cap prior to removal of the cap.
Exception: In the case of overwing fueling where no appropriate bonding attachment adjacent to the fuel fill port has been provided on the aircraft, the fueling operator shall touch the fuel tank cap with the nozzle spout prior to removal of the cap. The nozzle shall be kept in contact with the fill port until fueling is completed.
1106.5.2.3 Funnels. Where required, metal funnels are allowed to be used during fueling operations. Direct contact between the fueling receptacle, the funnel and the fueling nozzle shall be maintained during the fueling operation.
1106.5.3 Training. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall be attended and operated only by persons instructed in methods of proper use and operation and who are qualified to use such fueling vehicles in accordance with minimum safety requirements.
1106.5.3.1 Fueling hazards. Fuel-servicing personnel shall know and understand the hazards associated with each type of fuel dispensed by the airport fueling-system operator.
1106.5.3.2 Fire safety training. Employees of fuel agents who fuel aircraft, accept fuel shipments or otherwise handle fuel shall receive approved fire safety training.
1106.5.3.2.1 Fire extinguisher training. Fuel-servicing personnel shall receive approved training in the operation of fire-extinguishing equipment.
1106.5.3.2.2 Documentation. The airport fueling-system operator shall maintain records of all training administered to its employees. These records shall be made available to the fire code official on request.
1106.5.4 Transfer personnel. During fuel-transfer operations, a qualified person shall be in control of each transfer nozzle and another qualified person shall be in immediate control of the fuel-pumping equipment to shut off or otherwise control the flow of fuel from the time fueling operations are begun until they are completed.
Exceptions:
- For underwing refueling, the person stationed at the point of fuel intake is not required.
- For overwing refueling, the person stationed at the fuel pumping equipment shall not be required where the person at the fuel dispensing device is within 75 feet (22 800 mm) of the emergency shutoff device; is not on the wing of the aircraft and has a clear and unencumbered path to the fuel pumping equipment; and the fuel dispensing line does not exceed 50 feet (15 240 mm) in length.
The fueling operator shall monitor the panel of the fueling equipment and the aircraft control panel during pressure fueling or shall monitor the fill port during overwing fueling.
1106.5.5 Fuel flow control. Fuel flow-control valves shall be operable only by the direct hand pressure of the operator. Removal of the operator’s hand pressure shall cause an immediate cessation of the flow of fuel.
1106.6 Emergency fuel shutoff. Emergency fuel shutoff controls and procedures shall comply with Sections 1106.6.1 through 1106.6.4.
1106.6.1 Accessibility. Emergency fuel shutoff controls shall be readily accessible at all times when the fueling system is being operated.
1106.6.2 Notification of the fire department. The fueling-system operator shall establish a procedure by which the fire department will be notified in the event of an activation of an emergency fuel shutoff control.
1106.6.3 Determining cause. Prior to reestablishment of normal fuel flow, the cause of fuel shutoff conditions shall be determined and corrected.
1106.6.4 Testing. Emergency fuel shutoff devices shall be operationally tested at intervals not exceeding three months. The fueling-system operator shall maintain suitable records of these tests.
1106.7 Protection of hoses. Before an aircraft-fueling vehicle is moved, fuel transfer hoses shall be properly placed on the approved reel or in the compartment provided, or stored on the top decking of the fueling vehicle if proper height rail is provided for security and protection of such equipment. Fuel-transfer hose shall not be looped or draped over any part of the fueling vehicle, except as herein provided. Fuel-transfer hose shall not be dragged when such fueling vehicle is moved from one fueling position to another.
2281106.8 Loading and unloading. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall be loaded only at an approved loading rack. Such loading racks shall be in accordance with Section 3406.5.1.12.
Exceptions:
- Aircraft-refueling units may be loaded from the fuel tanks of an aircraft during defueling operations.
- Fuel transfer between tank vehicles is allowed to be performed in accordance with Section 3406.6 when the operation is at least 200 feet (60 960 mm) from an aircraft.
The fuel cargo of such units shall be unloaded only by approved transfer apparatus into the fuel tanks of aircraft, underground storage tanks or approved gravity storage tanks.
1106.9 Passengers. Passengers traffic is allowed during the time fuel transfer operations are in progress, provided the following provisions are strictly enforced by the owner of the aircraft or the owner’s authorized employee:
1106.10 Sources of ignition. Smoking and producing open flames within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of a point where fuel is being transferred shall be prohibited. Electrical and motor-driven devices shall not be connected to or disconnected from an aircraft at any time fueling operations are in progress on such aircraft.
1106.11 Fuel spill prevention and procedures. Fuel spill prevention and the procedures for handling spills shall comply with Sections 1106.11.1 through 1106.11.7.
1106.11.1 Fuel-service equipment maintenance. Aircraft fuel-servicing equipment shall be maintained and kept free from leaks. Fuel-servicing equipment that malfunctions or leaks shall not be continued in service.
1106.11.2 Transporting fuel nozzles. Fuel nozzles shall be carried utilizing appropriate handles. Dragging fuel nozzles along the ground shall be prohibited.
1106.11.3 Drum fueling. Fueling from drums or other containers having a capacity greater than 5 gallons (19 L) shall be accomplished with the use of an approved pump.
1106.11.4 Fuel spill procedures. The fueling-system operator shall establish procedures to follow in the event of a fuel spill. These procedures shall be comprehensive and shall provide for at least all of the following:
1106.11.5 Notification of the fire department. The fire department shall be notified of any fuel spill which is considered a hazard to people or property or which meets one or more of the following criteria:
1106.11.6 Investigation required. An investigation shall be conducted by the fueling-system operator of all spills requiring notification of the fire department. The investigation shall provide conclusive proof of the cause and verification of the appropriate use of emergency procedures. Where it is determined that corrective measures are necessary to prevent future incidents of the same nature, they shall be implemented immediately.
1106.11.7 Multiple fuel delivery vehicles. Simultaneous delivery of fuel from more than one aircraft-fueling vehicle to a single aircraft-fueling manifold is prohibited unless proper backflow prevention devices are installed to prevent fuel flow into the tank vehicles.
1106.12 Aircraft engines and heaters. Operation of aircraft onboard engines and combustion heaters shall be terminated prior to commencing fuel service operations and shall remain off until the fuel-servicing operation is completed.
229Exception: In an emergency, a single jet engine is allowed to be operated during fuel servicing where all of the following conditions are met:
- The emergency shall have resulted from an onboard failure of the aircraft’s auxiliary power unit.
- Restoration of auxiliary power to the aircraft by ground support services is not available.
- The engine to be operated is either at the rear of the aircraft or on the opposite side of the aircraft from the fuel service operation.
- The emergency operation is in accordance with a written procedure approved by the fire code official.
1106.13 Vehicle and equipment restrictions. During aircraft-fueling operations, only the equipment actively involved in the fueling operation is allowed within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of the aircraft being fueled. Other equipment shall be prohibited in this area until the fueling operation is complete.
Exception: Aircraft-fueling operations utilizing single-point refueling with a sealed, mechanically locked fuel line connection and the fuel is not a Class I flammable liquid.
A clear space of at least 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be maintained between aircraft fuel-system vent openings and any part or portion of aircraft-servicing vehicles or equipment.
1106.13.1 Overwing fueling. Vehicles or equipment shall not be allowed beneath the trailing edge of the wing when aircraft fueling takes place over the wing and the aircraft fuel-system vents are located on the upper surface of the wing.
1106.14 Electrical equipment. Electrical equipment, including but not limited to, battery chargers, ground or auxiliary power units, fans, compressors or tools, shall not be operated, nor shall they be connected or disconnected from their power source, during fuel service operations.
1106.14.1 Other equipment. Electrical or other spark-producing equipment shall not be used within 10 feet (3048 mm) of fueling equipment, aircraft fill or vent points, or spill areas unless that equipment is intrinsically safe and approved for use in an explosive atmosphere.
1106.15 Open flames. Open flames and open-flame devices are prohibited within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of any aircraft fuel-servicing operation or fueling equipment.
1106.15.1 Other areas. The fire code official is authorized to establish other locations where open flames and open-flame devices are prohibited.
1106.15.2 Matches and lighters. Personnel assigned to and engaged in fuel-servicing operations shall not carry matches or lighters on or about their person. Matches or lighters shall be prohibited in, on or about aircraft-fueling equipment.
1106.16 Lighting procedures. The fire code official is authorized to require the airport authority and the fueling-system operator to establish written procedures to follow when lightning flashes are detected on or near the airport. These procedures shall establish criteria for the suspension and resumption of aircraft-fueling operations.
1106.17 Fuel-transfer locations. Aircraft fuel-transfer operations shall be prohibited indoors.
Exception: In aircraft hangers built in accordance with the provisions of the International Building Code for Group F-1 occupancies, aircraft fuel-transfer operations are allowed where:
- Necessary to accomplish aircraft fuel-system maintenance operations. Such operations shall be performed in accordance with nationally recongnized standards; or
- The fuel being used has a flash point greater than 100°F (37.8°C).
1106.17.1 Position of aircraft. Aircraft being fueled shall be positioned such that any fuel system vents and other fuel tank openings are a minimum of:
1106.17.2 Fire-equipment access. Access for fire service equipment to aircraft shall be maintained during fuel-servicing operations.
1106.18 Defueling operations. The requirements for fueling operations contained in this section shall also apply to aircraft defueling operations. Additional procedures shall be established by the fueling-system operator to prevent overfilling of the tank vehicle used in the defueling operation.
1106.19 Maintenance of aircraft-fueling hose. Aircraft-fueling hoses shall be maintained in accordance with Sections 1106.19.1 through 1106.19.4.
1106.19.1 Inspections. Hoses used to fuel or defuel aircraft shall be inspected periodically to ensure their serviceability and suitability for continued service. The fuel-service operator shall maintain records of all tests and inspections performed on fueling hoses. Hoses found to be defective or otherwise damaged shall be immediately removed from service.
1106.19.1.1 Daily inspection. Each hose shall be inspected daily. This inspection shall include a complete visual scan of the exterior for evidence of damage, blistering or leakage. Each coupling shall be inspected for evidence of leaks, slippage or misalignment.
1106.19.1.2 Monthly inspection. A more thorough inspection, including pressure testing, shall be accomplished for each hose on a monthly basis. This inspection shall include examination of the fuel delivery inlet screen for rubber particles, which indicates problems with the hose lining.
1106.19.2 Damaged hose. Hose that has been subjected to severe abuse shall be immediately removed from service. Such hoses shall be hydrostatically tested prior to being returned to service.
1106.19.3 Repairing hose. Hoses are allowed to be repaired by removing the damaged portion and recoupling the undamaged end. When recoupling hoses, only couplings designed and approved for the size and type of hose is question shall be used. Hoses repaired in this manner shall be visually inspected and hydrostatically tested prior to being placed back in service.
1106.19.4 New hose. New hose shall be visually inspected prior to being placed into service.
1106.20 Aircraft fuel-servicing vehicles parkings. Unattended aircraft fuel-servicing vehicles shall be parked in areas that provide for both the unencumbered dispersal of vehicles in the event of an emergency and the control of leakage such that
230adjacent buildings and storm drains are not contaminated by leaking fuel.
1106.20.1 Parking area design. Parking areas for tank vehicles shall be designed and utilized such that a clearance of 10 feet (3048 mm) is maintained between each parked vehicle for fire department access. In addition, a minimum clearance of 50 feet (15 240 mm) shall be maintained between tank vehicles and parked aircraft and structures other than those used for the maintenance and/or garaging of aircraft fuel-servicing vehicles.
1106.21 Radar equipment. Aircraft fuel-servicing operations shall be prohibited while the weather-mapping radar of that aircraft is operating.
Aircraft fuel-servicing or other operations in which flammable liquids, vapors or mists may be present shall not be conducted within 300 feet (91 440 mm) of an operating aircraft surveillance radar.
Aircraft fuel-servicing operations shall not be conducted within 300 feet (91 440 mm) of airport flight traffic surveillance radar equipment.
Aircraft fuel-servicing or other operations in which flammable liquids, vapors or mists may be present shall not be conducted within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of airport ground traffic surveillance radar equipment.
1106.21.1 Direction of radar beams. The beam from ground radar equipment shall not be directed toward fuel storage or loading racks.
Exceptions:
- Fuel storage and loading racks in excess of 300 feet (91 440 mm) from airport flight traffic surveilance equipment.
- Fuel storage and loading racks in excess of 100 feet (30 480 mm) from airport ground traffic surveillance equipment.
1107.1 General. Helistops and heliports shall be maintained in accordance with Sections 1107.2 through 1107.8. Helistops and heliports on buildings shall be constructed in accordance with the International Building Code.
1107.2 Clearances. The touchdown area shall be surrounded on all sides by a clear area having minimum average width at roof level of 15 feet (4572 mm) but no width less than 5 feet (1524 mm). The clear area shall be maintained.
1107.3 Flammable and Class II combustible liquid spillage. Landing areas on structures shall be maintained so as to confine flammable or Class II combustible liquid spillage to the landing area itself, and provisions shall be made to drain such spillage away from exists or stairways serving the helicopter landing area or from a structure housing such exit or stairway.
1107.4 Exits. Exists and stairways shall be maintained in accordance with Section 412.7 of the International Building Code.
1107.5 Standpipe systems. Where a building with a rooftop helistop or heliport is equipped with a standpipe system, the system shall be extended to the roof level on which the helistop or heliport is located. All portions of the helistop and heliport area shall be within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of a 2½ -inch (63.5 mm) outlet on a Class I or III standpipe.
1107.6 Foam protection. Foam fire-protection capabilities shall be provided for rooftop heliports. Such systems shall be designed, installed and maintained in accordance with the applicable provisions of Sections 903, 904 and 905.
1107.7 Fire extinguishers. A minimum of one portable fire extinguisher having a minimum 80-B:C rating shall be provided for each permanent takeoff and landing area and for the aircraft parking areas. Installation, inspection and maintenance of these extinguishers shall be in accordance with Section 906.
1107.8 Federal approval. Before operating helicopters from helistops and heliports, approval shall be obtained from the Federal Aviation Administration.
231 232Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
1201.1.1 | X |
1201.1 Scope. Dry cleaning plants and their operations shall comply with the requirements of this chapter.
1201.1.1 Compliance alternate for dry cleaning plants. Dry cleaning plants shall be permitted to comply with the provisions of NFPA 32 in its entirely as an acceptable alternative to the requirements of this chapter.
1201.2 Permit required. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
1202.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
DRY CLEANING. The process of removing dirt, grease, paints and other stains from such items as wearing apparel, textiles, fabrics and rugs by use of nonaqueous liquids (solvents).
DRY CLEANING PLANT. A facility in which dry cleaning and associated operations are conducted, including the office, receiving area and storage rooms.
DRY CLEANING ROOM. An occupiable space within a building used for performing dry cleaning operations, the installation of solvent-handling equipment or the storage of dry cleaning solvents.
DRY CLEANING SYSTEM. Machinery or equipment in which textiles are immersed or agitated in solvent or in which dry cleaning solvent is extracted from textiles.
SOLVENT OR LIQUID CLASSIFICATIONS. A method for classifying solvents or liquids according to the following classes:
Class I solvents. Liquids having a flash point below 100°F (38°C).
Class II solvents. Liquids having a flash point at or above 100°F (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C).
Class IIIA solvents. Liquids having a flash point at or above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C).
Class IIIB solvents. Liquids having a flash point at or above 200°F (93°C).
Class IV solvents. Liquids classified as nonflammable.
1203.1 Solvent classifications. Dry cleaning solvents shall be classified according to their flash points as follows:
1203.2 Classification of dry cleaning plants and systems. Dry cleaning plants and systems shall be classified based on the solvents used as follows:
Spotting and pretreating operations conducted in accordance with Section 1206 shall not change the type of the dry cleaning plant.
1203.2.1 Multiple solvents. Dry cleaning plants using more than one class of solvent for dry cleaning shall be classified based on the numerically lowest solvent class.
1203.3 Design. The occupancy classification, design and construction of dry cleaning plants shall comply with the applicable requirements of the International Building Code.
1204.1 Prohibited use. Type I dry cleaning plants shall be prohibited. Limited quantities of Class I solvents stored and used in accordance with this section shall not be prohibited in dry cleaning plants.
1204.2 Building services. Building services and systems shall be designed, installed and maintained in accordance with this section and Chapter 6.
2351204.2.1 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with Section 502 of the International Mechanical Code and DOL 29 CFR Part 1910.1000, where applicable.
1204.2.2 Heating. In Type II dry cleaning plants, heating shall be by indirect means using steam, hot water or hot oil only.
1204.2.3 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment in dry cleaning rooms or other locations subject to flammable vapors shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70.
1204.2.4 Bonding and grounding. Storage tanks, treatment tanks, filters, pumps, piping, ducts, dry cleaning units, stills, tumblers, drying cabinets and other such equipment, where not inherently electrically conductive, shall be bonded together and grounded. Isolated equipment shall be grounded.
1205.1 General. The operation of dry cleaning systems shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1205.1.1 through 1205.3.
1205.1.1 Written instructions. Written instructions covering the proper installation and safe operation and use of equipment and solvent shall be given to the buyer.
1205.1.1.1 Type II, III-A, III-B and IV systems. In Type II, III-A, III-B and IV dry cleaning systems, machines shall be operated in accordance with the operating instructions furnished by the machinery manufacturer. Employees shall be instructed as to the hazards involved in their departments and in the work they perform.
1205.1.1.2 Type V systems. Operating instructions for customer use of Type V dry cleaning systems shall be conspicuously posted in a location near the dry cleaning unit. A telephone number shall be provided for emergency assistance.
1205.1.2 Equipment identification. The manufacturer shall provide nameplates on dry cleaning machines indicating the class of solvent for which each machine is designed.
1205.1.3 Open systems Prohibited. Dry cleaning by immersion and agitation in open vessels shall be prohibited.
1205.1.4 Prohibited use of solvent. The use of solvents with a flash point below that for which a machine is designed or listed shall be prohibited.
1205.1.5 Equipment maintenance and housekeeping. Proper maintenance and operating practices shall be observed in order to prevent the leakage of solvent or the accumulation of lint. The handling of waste material generated by dry cleaning operations and the maintenance of facilities shall comply with the provisions of this section.
1205.1.5.1 Floors. Class I and II liquids shall not be used for cleaning floors.
1205.1.5.2 Filters. Filter residue and other residues containing solvent shall be handled and disposed of in covered metal containers.
1205.1.5.3 Lint. Lint and refuse shall be removed from traps daily, deposited in approved waste cans, removed from the premises, and disposed of safely. At all other times, traps shall be held securely in place.
1205.1.5.4 Customer areas. In Type V dry cleaning systems, customer areas shall be kept clean.
1205.2 Type II systems. Special operating requirements for Type II dry cleaning systems shall comply with the provisions of Sections 1205.2.1 through 1205.2.3.
1205.2.1 Inspection of materials. Materials to be dry cleaned shall be searched thoroughly and foreign materials, including matches and metallic substances, shall be removed.
1205.2.2 Material transfer. In removing materials from the washer, provisions shall be made from minimizing the dripping of solvent on the floor. Where materials are transferred from a washer to a drain tub, a nonferrous metal drip apron shall be placed so that the apron rests on the drain tub and the cylinder of the washer.
1205.2.3 Ventilation. A mechanical ventilation system which is designed to exhaust 1 cubic foot of air per minute for each square foot of floor area [0.0058 m3/(s . m2)] shall be installed in dry cleaning rooms and in drying rooms. The ventilation system shall operate automatically when the dry cleaning equipment is in operation and shall have manual controls at an approved location.
1205.3 Type IV and V systems. Type IV and V dry cleaning systems shall be provided with an automatically activated exhaust ventilation system to maintain a minimum of 100 feet per minute (0.51 m/s) air velocity through the loading door when the door is opened. Such systems for dry cleaning equipment shall comply with the International Mechanical Code.
Exception: Dry cleaning units are not required to be provided with exhaust ventilation where an exhaust hood is installed immediately outside of and above the loading door which operated at an airflow rate as follows:
where:
Q = flow rate exhausted through the hood, cubic feet per minute (m3/s).
ALD = area of the loading door, square feet (m2).
1206.1 General. Spotting and pretreating operations and equipment shall comply with the provisions of Sections 1206.2 through 1206.5.
1206.2 Type I solvents. The maximum quantity of Type I solvents permitted at any work station shall be 1 gallon (4 L). Class I solvents shall be stored in approved safety cans or in
236sealed DOTn-approved metal shipping containers of not more than 1-gallon (4 L) capacity. Dispensing shall be from approved safety cans.
1206.3 Type II and III solvents. Scouring, brushing, and spotting and pretreating shall be conducted with Class II or III solvents. The maximum quantity of Type II or III solvents permitted at any work station shall be 1 gallon (4 L). In other than a Group H-2 occupancy, the aggregate quantities of solvents shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area for use -open system.
1206.3.1 Spotting tables. Scouring, brushing or spotting tables on which articles are soaked in solvent shall have a liquid-tight top with a curb on all sides not less than 1 inch (25 mm) high. The top of the table shall be pitched to ensure thorough draining to a 1½-inch (38 mm) drain connected to an approved container.
1206.3.2 Special handling. When approved, articles that cannot be washed in the usual washing machines are allowed to be cleaned in scrubbing tubs. Scrubbing tubs shall comply with the following:
1206.3.3 Ventilation. Scrubbing tubs, scouring, brushing or spotting operations shall be located such that solvent vapors are captured and exhausted by the ventilating system.
1206.3.4 Bonding and grounding. Metal scouring, brushing and spotting tables and scrubbing tubs shall be permanently and effectively bonded and grounded.
1206.4 Type IV systems. Flammable and combustible liquids used for spotting operations shall be stored in approved safety cans or in sealed DOTn-approved metal shipping containers of not more than 1 gallon (4 L) in capacity. Dispensing shall be from approved safety cans. Aggregate amounts shall not exceed 10 gallons (38 L).
1206.5 Type V systems. Spotting operations using flammable or combustible liquids are prohibited in Type V dry cleaning systems.
1207.1 General equipment requirements. Dry cleaning systems, including dry cleaning units, washing machines, stills, drying cabinets, tumblers and their appurtenances, including pumps, piping, valves, filters and solvent coolers, shall be installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 32. The construction of buildings in which such systems are located shall comply with the requirements of this section and the International Building Code.
1207.2 Type II systems. Type II dry cleaning and solvent tank storage rooms shall not be located below grade or above the lowest floor level of the building and shall comply with Sections 1207.2.1 through 1207.2.3.
Exception: Solvent storage tanks installed underground, in vaults or in special enclosures in accordance with Chapter 34.
1207.2.1 Fire-fighting access. Type II dry cleaning plants shall be located so that access is provided and maintained from one side for fire-fighting and fire control purposes in accordance with Section 503.
1207.2.2 Number of means of egress. Type II dry cleaning rooms shall have not less than two means of egress doors located at opposite ends of the room, at least one of which shall lead directly to the outside.
1207.2.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Curbs, drains or other provisions for spill control and secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with Section 2704.2 to collect solvent leakage and fire protection water and direct it to a safe location.
1207.3 Solvent storage tanks. Solvent storage tanks for Class II, IIIA and IIIB liquids shall conform to the requirements of Chapter 34 and be located underground or outside, above ground.
Exception: As provided in NFPA 32 for inside storage or treatment tanks.
1208.1 General. Where required by this section, fire protection systems, devices and equipment shall be installed, inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with Chapter 9.
1208.2 Automatic sprinkler system. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 throughout dry cleaning plants containing Type II, Type III-A or Type III-B dry cleaning systems.
1208.3 Automatic fire-extinguishing systems. Type II dry cleaning units, washer-extractors, and drying tumblers in Type II dry cleaning plants shall be provided with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system installed and maintained in accordance with Chapter 9.
Exception: Where approved, a manual steam jet not less than ¾ inch (19 mm) with a continuously available steam supply at a pressure not less than 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (103 kPa) is allowed to be substituted for the automatic fire-extinguishing system.
1208.4 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers shall be selected, installed and maintained in accordance with this section and Section 906. A minimum of two 2-A:10-B:C portable fire extinguishers shall be provided near the doors inside dry cleaning rooms containing Type II, Type III-A and Type III-B dry cleaning systems.
237 238Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
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Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
1301.1 Scope. The equipment, processes and operations involving dust explosion hazards shall comply with the provisions of this chapter.
1301.2 Permits. Permits shall be required for combustible dust- producing operations as set forth in Section 105.6.
1302.1 Definition. The following word and term shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meaning shown herein.
COMBUSTIBLE DUST. Finely divided solid material which is 420 microns or less in diameter and which, when dispersed in air in the proper proportions, could be ignited by a flame, spark or other source of ignition. Combustible dust will pass through a U.S. No. 40 standard sieve.
1303.1 Sources of ignition. Smoking or the use of heating or other devices employing an open flame, or the use of sparkproducing equipment is prohibited in areas where combustible dust is generated, stored, manufactured, processed or handled.
1303.2 Housekeeping. Accumulation of combustible dust shall be kept to a minimum in the interior of buildings. Accumulated combustible dust shall be collected by vacuum cleaning or other means that will not place combustible dust into suspension in air. Forced air or similar methods shall not be used to remove dust from surfaces.
1304.1 Standards. The fire code official is authorized to enforce applicable provisions of the codes and standards listed in Table 1304.1 to prevent and control dust explosions.
STANDARD | SUBJECT |
---|---|
NFPA 61 | Agricultural and Food Products |
NFPA 69 | Explosion Prevention |
NFPA 70 | National Electrical Code |
NFPA 85 | Boiler and Combustion System Hazards |
NFPA 120 | Coal Preparation Plants |
NFPA 484 | Combustible Metals, Metal Powders and Metal Dusts |
NFPA 654 | Manufacturing, Processing and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids |
NFPA 655 | Prevention of Sulfur Fires and Explosions |
NFPA 664 | Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Wood Processing and Wood working Facilities |
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
1401.1 Scope. This chapter shall apply to structures in the course of construction, alteration or demolition, including those in underground locations. Compliance with NFPA 241 is required for items not specifically addressed herein.
1401.2 Purpose. This chapter prescribes minimum safeguards for construction, alteration and demolition operations to provide reasonable safety to life and property from fire during such operations.
1402.1 Terms defined in Chapter 2. Words and terms used in this chapter and defined in Chapter 2 shall have the meanings ascribed to them as defined therein.
1403.1 Listed. Temporary heating devices shall be listed and labeled in accordance with the California Mechanical Code. Installation, maintenance and use of temporary heating devices shall be in accordance with the terms of the listing.
1403.2 Oil-fired heaters. Oil-fired heaters shall comply with Section 603.
1403.3 LP-gas heaters. Fuel supplies for liquefied-petroleum gas-fired heaters shall comply with Chapter 38 and the California Mechanical Code.
1403.4 Refueling. Refueling operations for liquid-fueled equipment or appliances shall be conducted in accordance with Section 3405. The equipment or appliance shall be allowed to cool prior to refueling.
1403.5 Installation. Clearance to combustibles from temporary heating devices shall be maintained in accordance with the labeled equipment. When in operation, temporary heating devices shall be fixed in place and protected from damage, dislodgement or overturning in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
1403.6 Supervision. The use of temporary heating devices shall be supervised and maintained only by competent personnel.
1404.1 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited except in approved areas. Signs shall be posted in accordance with Section 310. In approved areas where smoking is permitted, approved ashtrays shall be provided in accordance with Section 310.
1404.2 Waste disposal. Combustible debris shall not be accumulated within buildings. Combustible debris, rubbish and waste material shall be removed from buildings at the end of each shift of work. Combustible debris, rubbish and waste material shall not be disposed of by burning on the site unless approved.
1404.3 Open burning. Open burning shall comply with Section 307.
1404.4 Spontaneous ignition. Materials susceptible to spontaneous ignition, such as oily rags, shall be stored in a listed disposal container.
1404.5 Fire watch. When required by the fire code official for building demolition that is hazardous in nature, qualified personnel shall be provided to serve as an on-site fire watch. Fire watch personnel shall be provided with at least one approved means for notification of the fire department and their sole duty shall be to perform constant patrols and watch for the occurrence of fire.
1404.6 Cutting and welding. Operations involving the use of cutting and welding shall be done in accordance with Chapter 26.
1404.7 Electrical. Temporary wiring for electrical power and lighting installations used in connection with the construction, alteration or demolition of buildings, structures, equipment or similar activities shall comply with the California Electrical Code.
1405.1 Storage of flammable and combustible liquids. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Section 3404.
1405.2 Class I and Class II liquids. The storage, use and handling of flammable and combustible liquids at construction sites shall be in accordance with Section 3406.2. Ventilation shall be provided for operations involving the application of materials containing flammable solvents.
1405.3 Housekeeping. Flammable and combustible liquid storage areas shall be maintained clear of combustible vegetation
245and waste materials. Such storage areas shall not be used for the storage of combustible materials.
1405.4 Precautions against fire. Sources of ignition and smoking shall be prohibited in flammable and combustible liquid storage areas. Signs shall be posted in accordance with Section 310.
1405.5 Handing at point of final use. Class I and II liquids shall be kept in approved safety containers.
1405.6 Leakage and spills. Leaking vessels shall be immediately repaired or taken out of service and spills shall be cleaned up and disposed of properly.
1406.1 Storage and handling. The storage, use and handling of flammable gases shall comply with Chapter 35.
1407.1 Storage and handling. Explosive materials shall be stored, used and handled in accordance with Chapter 33.
1407.2 Supervision. Blasting operations shall be conducted in accordance with Chapter 33.
1407.3 Demolition using explosives. Approved fire hoses for use by demolition personnel shall be maintained at the demolition site whenever explosives are used for demolition. Such fire hoses shall be connected to an approved water supply and shall be capable of being brought to bear on post-detonation fires anywhere on the site of the demolition operation.
1408.1 Program superintendent. The owner shall designate a person to be the fire prevention program superintendent who shall be responsible for the fire prevention program and ensure that it is carried out through completion of the project. The fire prevention program superintendent shall have the authority to enforce the provisions of this chapter and other provisions as necessary to secure the intent of this chapter. Where guard service is provided, the superintendent shall be responsible for the guard service.
1408.2 Prefire plans. The fire prevention program superintendent shall develop and maintain an approved prefire plan in cooperation with the fire chief. The fire chief and the fire code official shall be notified of changes affecting the utilization of information contained in such prefire plans.
1408.3 Training. Training of responsible personnel in the use of fire protection equipment shall be the responsibility of the fire prevention program superintendent.
1408.4 Fire protection devices. The fire prevention program superintendent shall determine that all fire protection equipment is maintained and serviced in accordance with this code. The quantity and type of fire protection equipment shall be approved.
1408.5 Hot work operations. The fire prevention program superintendent shall be responsible for supervising the permit system for hot work operations in accordance with Chapter 26.
1408.6 Impairment of fire protection systems. Impairments to any fire protection system shall be in accordance with Section 901.
1408.7 Temporary covering of fire protection devices. Coverings placed on or over fire protection devices to protect them from damage during construction processes shall be immediately removed upon the completion of the construction processes in the room or area in which the devices are installed.
1409.1 Emergency telephone. Readily accessible emergency telephone facilities shall be provided in an approved location at the construction site. The street address of the construction site and the emergency telephone number of the fire department shall be posted adjacent to the telephone.
1410.1 Required access. Approved vehicle access for fire fighting shall be provided to all construction or demolition sites. Vehicle access shall be provided to within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of temporary or permanent fire department connections. Vehicle access shall be provided by either temporary or permanent roads, capable of supporting vehicle loading under all weather conditions. Vehicle access shall be maintained until permanent fire apparatus access roads are available.
1410.2 Key boxes. Key boxes shall be provided as required by Chapter 5.
[B] 1411.1 Stairways required. Where a building has been constructed to a building height of 50 feet (15 240 mm) or four stories, or where an existing building exceeding 50 feet (15 240 mm) in building height is altered, at least one temporary lighted stairway shall be provided unless one or more of the permanent stairways are erected as the construction progresses.
1411.2 Maintenance. Required means of egress shall be maintained during construction and demolition, remodeling or alterations and additions to any building.
246Exception: Approved temporary means of egress systems and facilities.
1412.1 When required. An approved water supply for fire protection, either temporary or permanent, shall be made available as soon as combustible material arrives on the site.
1413.1 Where required. In buildings required to have standpipes by Section 905.3.1, not less than one standpipe shall be provided for use during construction. Such standpipes shall be installed when the progress of construction is not more than 40 feet (12 192 mm) in height above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. Such standpipe shall be provided with fire department hose connections at accessible locations adjacent to usable stairs. Such standpipes shall be extended as construction progresses to within one floor of the highest point of construction having secured decking or flooring.
1413.2 Buildings being demolished. Where a building is being demolished and a standpipe is existing within such a building, such standpipe shall be maintained in an operable condition so as to be available for use by the fire department. Such standpipe shall be demolished with the building but shall not be demolished more than one floor below the floor being demolished.
1413.3 Detailed requirements. Standpipes shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of Section 905.
Exception: Standpipes shall be either temporary or permanent in nature, and with or without a water supply, provided that such standpipes comply with the requirements of Section 905 as to capacity, outlets and materials.
1414.1 Completion before occupancy. In buildings where an automatic sprinkler system is required by this code or the California Building Code, it shall be unlawful to occupy any portion of a building or structure until the automatic sprinkler system installation has been tested and approved, except as provided in Section 105.3.4.
1414.2 Operation of valves. Operation of sprinkler control valves shall be allowed only by properly authorized personnel and shall be accompanied by notification of duly designated parties. When the sprinkler protection is being regularly turned off and on to facilitate connection of newly completed segments, the sprinkler control valves shall be checked at the end of each work period to ascertain that protection is in service.
1415.1 Where required. Structures under construction, alteration or demolition shall be provided with not less than one approved portable fire extinguisher in accordance with Section 906 and sized for not less than ordinary hazard as follows:
1416.1 Conditions of use. Internal-combustion-powered construction equipment shall be used in accordance with all of the following conditions:
1417.1 General. Roofing operations utilizing heat-producing systems or other ignition sources shall be conducted in accordance with Sections 1417.2 and 1417.3 and Chapter 26.
1417.2 Asphalt and tar kettles. Asphalt and tar kettles shall be operated in accordance with Section 303.
1417.3 Fire extinguishers for roofing operations. Fire extinguishers shall comply with Section 906. There shall be not less than one multipurpose portable fire extinguisher with a minimum 3-A 40-B:C rating on the roof being covered or repaired.
247 248Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
1507.2 | X |
1501.1 Scope. This chapter shall apply to locations or areas where any of the following activities are conducted:
1501.2 Nonapplicability. This chapter shall not apply to spray finishing utilizing flammable or combustible liquids which do not sustain combustion, including:
1501.3 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.6 and 105.7.
1502.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
DETEARING. A process for rapidly removing excess wet coating material from a dipped or coated object or material by passing it through an electrostatic field.
DIP TANK. A tank, vat or container of flammable or combustible liquid in which articles or materials are immersed for the purpose of coating, finishing, treating and similar processes.
ELECTROSTATIC FLUIDIZED BED. A container holding powder coating material that is aerated from below so as to form an air-supported expanded cloud of such material that is electrically charged with a charge opposite to that of the object to be coated. Such object is transported through the container immediately above the charged and aerated materials in order to be coated.
FLAMMABLE FINISHES. Material coatings in which the material being applied is a flammable liquid, combustible liquid, combustible powder or flammable or combustible gel coating.
FLAMMABLE VAPOR AREA. An area in which the concentration of flammable constituents (vapor, gas, fume, mist or dust) in air exceeds 25 percent of their lower flammable limit (LFL) because of the flammable finish processes operation. It shall include:
The fire code official is authorized to determine the extent of the flammable vapor area, taking into consideration the material characteristics of the flammable materials, the degree of sustained ventilation and the nature of the operations.
FLUIDIZED BED. A container holding powder coating material that is aerated from below so as to form an air-supported expanded cloud of such material through which the preheated object to be coated is immersed and transported.
LIMITED SPRAYING SPACE. An area in which operations for touch-up or spot painting of a surface area of 9 square feet (0.84 m2) or less are conducted.
RESIN APPLICATION AREA. An area where reinforced plastics are used to manufacture products by hand lay-up or spray-fabrication methods.
ROLL COATING. The process of coating, spreading and impregnating fabrics, paper or other materials as they are passed directly through a tank or through containing flammable or combustible liquids, or over the surface of a roller revolving partially submerged in a flammable or combustible liquid.
SPRAY BOOTH. A mechanically ventilated appliance of varying dimensions and construction provided to enclose or accommodate a spraying operation and to confine and limit the escape of spray vapor and residue and to exhaust it safely.
SPRAY ROOM. A room designed to accommodate spraying operations constructed in accordance with the California Building Code and separated from the remainder of the building by a minimum 1-hour fire barrier.
251SPRAYING SPACE. An area in which dangerous quantities of flammable vapors or combustible residues, dusts or deposits are present due to the operation of spraying processes. The fire code official is authorized to define the limits of the spraying space in any specific case.
1503.1 General. Operations covered by this chapter shall be protected as required by Sections 1503.2 through 1503.4.4.
1503.2 Sources of ignition. Protection against sources of ignition shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1503.2.1 through 1503.2.8.
1503.2.1 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment shall comply with this chapter and the California Electrical Code.
1503.2.1.1 Flammable vapor areas. Electrical wiring and equipment in flammable vapor areas shall be of an explosion proof type approved for use in such hazardous locations. Such areas shall be considered to be Class I, Division 1 or Class II, Division 1 hazardous locations in accordance with the California Electrical Code.
1503.2.1.2 Areas subject to deposits of residues. Electrical equipment, flammable vapor areas or drying operations that are subject to splashing or dripping of liquids shall be specifically approved for locations containing deposits of readily ignitable residue and explosive vapors.
Exceptions:
- This provision shall not apply to wiring in rigid conduit, threaded boxes or fittings not containing taps, splices or terminal connections.
- This provision shall not apply to electrostatic equipment allowed by Section 1507.
In resin application areas, electrical wiring and equipment that is subject to deposits of combustible residues shall be listed for such exposure and shall be installed as required for hazardous (classified) locations. Electrical wiring and equipment not subject to deposits of combustible residues shall be installed as required for ordinary hazard locations.
1503.2.1.3 Areas adjacent to spray booths. Electrical wiring and equipment located outside of, but within 5 feet (1524 mm) horizontally and 3 feet (914 mm) vertically of openings in a spray booth or a spray room, shall be approved for Class I, Division 2 or Class II, Division 2 hazardous locations, whichever is applicable.
1503.2.1.4 Areas subject to overspray deposits. Electrical equipment in flammable vapor areas located such that deposits of combustible residues could readily accumulate thereon shall be specifically approved for locations containing deposits of readily ignitable residue and explosive vapors in accordance with the California Electrical Code.
Exceptions:
- Wiring in rigid conduit.
- Boxes or fittings not containing taps, splices or terminal connections.
- Equipment allowed by Sections 1504 and 1507 and Chapter 21.
1503.2.2 Open flames and sparks. Open flames and spark-producing devices shall not be located in flammable vapor areas and shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of such areas unless separated by a permanent partition.
Exception: Drying and baking apparatus complying with Section 1504.6.1.2.
1503.2.3 Hot surfaces. Heated surfaces having a temperature sufficient to ignite vapors shall not be located in flammable vapor areas. Space-heating appliances, steam pipes or hot surfaces in a flammable vapor area shall be located such that they are not subject to accumulation of deposits of combustible residues.
Exception: Drying apparatus complying with Section 1504.6.1.2.
1503.2.4 Equipment enclosures. Equipment or apparatus that is capable of producing sparks or particles of hot metal that would fall into a flammable vapor area shall be totally enclosed.
1503.2.5 Grounding. Metal parts of spray booths, exhaust ducts and piping systems conveying Class I or II liquids shall be electrically grounded in accordance with the California Electrical Code. Metallic parts located in resin application areas, including but not limited to exhaust ducts, ventilation fans, spray application equipment, workpieces and piping, shall be electrically grounded.
1503.2.6 Smoking prohibited. Smoking shall be prohibited in flammable vapor areas and hazardous materials storage rooms associated with flammable finish processes. “No Smoking” signs complying with Section 310 shall be conspicuously posted in such areas.
1503.2.7 Welding, warning signs. Welding, cutting and similar spark-producing operations shall not be conducted in or adjacent to flammable vapor areas or dipping or coating operations unless precautions have been taken to provide safety. Conspicuous signs with the following warning shall be posted in the vicinity of flammable vapor areas, dipping operations and paint storage rooms:
NO WELDING
THE USE OF WELDING OR CUTTING
EQUIPMENT IN OR NEAR THIS AREA
IS DANGEROUS BECAUSE OF FIRE
AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS. WELDING
AND CUTTING SHALL BE DONE ONLY
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE
PERSON IN CHARGE.
1503.2.8 Powered industrial trucks. Powered industrial trucks used in electrically classified areas shall be listed for such use.
1503.3 Storage, use and handling of flammable and combustible liquids. The storage, use and handling of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with this section and Chapter 34.
1503.3.1 Use. Containers supplying spray nozzles shall be of a closed type or provided with metal covers, which are kept closed. Containers not resting on floors shall be on noncombustible supports or suspended by wire cables. Containers supplying spray nozzles by gravity flow shall not exceed 10 gallons (37.9 L) in capacity.
1503.3.2 Valves. Containers and piping to which a hose or flexible connection is attached shall be provided with a shutoff valve at the connection. Such valves shall be kept shut when hoses are not in use.
1503.3.3 Pumped liquid supplies. Where flammable or combustible liquids are supplied to spray nozzles by positive displacement pumps, pump discharge lines shall be provided with an approved relief valve discharging to pump suction or a safe detached location.
1503.3.4 Liquid transfer. Where a flammable mixture is transferred from one portable container to another, a bond shall be provided between the two containers. At least one container shall be grounded. Piping systems for Class I and II liquids shall be permanently grounded.
1503.3.5 Class I liquids as solvents. Class I liquids used as solvents shall be used in spray gun and equipment cleaning machines that have been listed and approved for such purpose or shall be used in spray booths or spray rooms in accordance with Sections 1503.3.5.1 and 1503.3.5.2.
1503.3.5.1 Listed devices. Cleaning machines for spray guns and equipment shall not be located in areas open to the public and shall be separated from ignition sources in accordance with their listings or by a distance of 3 feet (914 mm), whichever is greater. The quantity of solvent used in a machine shall not exceed the design capacity of the machine.
1503.3.5.2 Within spray booths and spray rooms. When solvents are used for cleaning spray nozzles and auxiliary equipment within spray booths and spray rooms, the ventilating equipment shall be operated during cleaning.
1503.3.6 Class II and III liquids. Solvents used outside of spray booths, spray rooms or listed and approved spray gun and equipment cleaning machines shall be restricted to Class II and III liquids.
1503.4 Operations and maintenance. Flammable vapor areas, exhaust fan blades and exhaust ducts shall be kept free from the accumulation of deposits of combustible residues. Where excessive residue accumulates in such areas, spraying operations shall be discontinued until conditions are corrected.
1503.4.1 Tools. Scrapers, spuds and other tools used for cleaning purposes shall be constructed of nonsparking materials.
1503.4.2 Residue. Residues removed during cleaning and debris contaminated with residue shall be immediately removed from the premises and properly disposed.
1503.4.3 Waste cans. Approved metal waste cans equipped with self-closing lids shall be provided wherever rags or waste are impregnated with finishing material. Such rags and waste shall be deposited therein immediately after being utilized. The contents of waste cans shall be properly disposed of at least once daily and at the end of each shift.
1503.4.4 Solvent recycling. Solvent distillation equipment used to recycle and clean dirty solvents shall comply with Section 3405.4.
1504.1 General. The application of flammable or combustible liquids by means of spray apparatus in continuous or intermittent processes shall be in accordance with the requirements of Sections 1503 and 1504.
1504.2 Location of spray-finishing operations. Spray finishing operations conducted in buildings used for Group A, E, I or R occupancies shall be located in a spray room protected with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and separated vertically and horizontally from other areas in accordance with the California Building Code. In other occupancies, spray-finishing operations shall be conducted in a spray room, spray booth or spraying space approved for such use.
Exceptions:
- Automobile undercoating spray operations and spray-on automotive lining operations conducted in areas with approved natural or mechanical ventilation shall be exempt from the provisions of Section 1504 when approved and where utilizing Class IIIA or IIIB combustible liquids.
- In buildings other than Group A, E, I or R occupancies, approved limited spraying space in accordance with Section 1504.9.
- Resin application areas used for manufacturing of reinforced plastics complying with Section 1509 shall not be required to be located in a spray room, spray booth or spraying space.
1504.3 Design and construction. Design and construction of spray rooms, spray booths and spray spaces shall be in accordance with Sections 1504.3 through 1504.3.3.1.
1504.3.1 Spray rooms. Spray rooms shall be constructed and designed in accordance with this section and the California Building Code, and shall comply with Sections 1504.4 through 1504.8.
1504.3.1.1 Floor. Combustible floor construction in spray rooms shall be covered by approved, noncombustible, nonsparking material, except where combustible coverings, including but not limited to thin paper or plastic and strippable coatings, are utilized over noncombustible
253materials to facilitate cleaning operations in spray rooms.
1504.3.2 Spray booths. The design and construction of spray booths shall be in accordance with Sections 1504.3.2.1 through 1504.3.2.6, Sections 1504.4 through 1504.8 and NFPA 33.
1504.3.2.1 Construction. Spray booths shall be constructed of approved noncombustible materials. Aluminum shall not be used. Where walls or ceiling assemblies are constructed of sheet metal, single-skin assemblies shall be no thinner than 0.0478 inch (18 gage) (1.2 mm) and each sheet of double-skin assemblies shall be no thinner than 0.0359 inch (20 gage) (0.9 mm). Structural sections of spray booths are allowed to be sealed with latex-based or similar caulks and sealants.
1504.3.2.2 Surfaces. The interior surfaces of spray booths shall be smooth; shall be constructed so as to permit the free passage of exhaust air from all parts of the interior, and to facilitate washing and cleaning; and shall be designed to confine residues within the booth. Aluminum shall not be used.
1504.3.2.3 Floor. Combustible floor construction in spray booths shall be covered by approved, noncombustible, nonsparking material, except where combustible coverings, including but not limited to thin paper or plastic and strippable coatings, are utilized over noncombustible materials to facilitate cleaning operations in spray booths.
1504.3.2.4 Means of egress. Means of egress shall be provided in accordance with Chapter 10.
Exception: Means of egress doors from premanufactured spray booths shall not be less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width by 80 inches (2032 mm) in height.
1504.3.2.5 Clear space. Spray booths shall be installed so that all parts of the booth are readily accessible for cleaning. A clear space of not less than 3 feet (914 mm) shall be maintained on all sides of the spray booth. This clear space shall be kept free of any storage or combustible construction.
Exceptions:
- This requirement shall not prohibit locating a spray booth closer than 3 feet (914 mm) to or directly against an interior partition, wall or floor/ceiling assembly that has a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour, provided the spray booth can be adequately maintained and cleaned.
- This requirement shall not prohibit locating a spray booth closer than 3 feet (914 mm) to an exterior wall or a roof assembly, provided the wall or roof is constructed of noncombustible material and the spray booth can be adequately maintained and cleaned.
1504.3.2.6 Size. The aggregate area of spray booths in a building shall not exceed the lesser of 10 percent of the area of any floor of a building or the basic area allowed for a Group H-2 occupancy without area increases, as set forth in the California Building Code. The area of an individual spray booth in a building shall not exceed the lesser of the aggregate size limit or 1,500 square feet (139 m2).
Exception: One individual booth not exceeding 500 square feet (46 m2).
1504.3.3 Spraying spaces. Spraying spaces shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the California Building Code and Sections 1504.3.3.1 and 1504.4 through 1504.8 of this code.
1504.3.3.1 Floor. Combustible floor construction in spraying spaces shall be covered by approved, noncombustible, nonsparking material, except where combustible coverings, such as thin paper or plastic and strippable coatings, are utilized over noncombustible materials to facilitate cleaning operations in spraying spaces.
1504.4 Fire protection. Spray booths and spray rooms shall be protected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system complying with Chapter 9. Protection shall also extend to exhaust plenums, exhaust dusts and both sides of dry filters when such filters are used.
1504.4.1 Fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers complying with Section 906 shall be provided for spraying areas in accordance with the requirements for an extra (high) hazard occupancy.
1504.5 Housekeeping, maintenance and storage of hazardous materials. Housekeeping, maintenance, storage and use of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 1503.3, 1503.4, 1504.5.1 and 1504.5.2.
1504.5.1 Different coatings. Spray booths, spray rooms and spraying spaces shall not be alternately utilized for different types of coating materials where the combination of materials is conductive to spontaneous ignition, unless all deposits of one material are removed from the booth, room or space and exhaust ducts prior to spraying with a different material.
1504.5.2 Protection of sprinklers. Automatic sprinklers installed in flammable vapor areas shall be protected from the accumulation of residue from spraying operations in an approved manner. Bags used as a protective covering shall be 0.003-inch-thick (0.076 mm) polyethylene or cellophane or shall be overspray particles shall be replaced with new automatic sprinklers.
1504.6 Sources of ignition. Control of sources of ignition shall be in accordance with Sections 1503.2 and 1504.6.1 through 1504.6.2.4.
1504.6.1 Drying operations. Spray booths and spray rooms shall not be alternately used for the purpose of drying by arrangements or methods that could cause an increase in the surface temperature of the spray booth or spray room except in accordance with Sections 1504.6.1.1 and 1504.6.1.2. Except as specifically provided in this section, drying or baking units utilizing a heating system having
254open flames or that are capable of producing sparks shall not be installed in a flammable vapor areas.
1504.6.1.1 Spraying procedure. The spraying procedure shall use low-volume spray application.
1504.6.1.2 Drying apparatus. Fixed drying apparatus shall comply with this chapter and the applicable provisions of Chapter 21. When recirculation ventilation is provided in accordance with Section 1504.7.2, the heating system shall not be within the recirculation air path.
1504.6.1.2.1 Interlocks. The spraying apparatus, drying apparatus and ventilating system for the spray booth or spray room shall be equipped with interlocks arranged to:
1504.6.1.2.2 Portable infrared apparatus. When a portable infrared drying apparatus is used, electrical wiring and portable infrared drying equipment shall comply with the California Electrical Code. Electrical equipment located within 18 inches (457 mm) of floor level shall be approved for Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations. Metallic parts of drying apparatus shall be electrically bonded and grounded. During spraying operations, portable drying apparatus and electrical connections and wiring thereto shall not be located within spray booths, spray rooms or other areas where spray residue would be deposited thereon.
1504.6.2 Illumination. Where spraying spaces, spray rooms or spray booths are illuminated through glass panels or other transparent materials, only fixed luminaires shall be utilized as a source of illumination.
1504.6.2.1 Glass panels. Panels for luminaires or for observation shall be of heat-treated glass, wired glass or hammered wire glass and shall be sealed to confine vapors, mists, residues, dusts and deposits to the flammable vapor area. Panels for luminaires shall be separated from the luminaire to prevent the surface temperature of the panel from exceeding 200°F (93°C).
1504.6.2.2 Exterior luminaires. Luminaires attached to the walls or ceilings of a flammable vapor area, but outside of any classified area and separated from the flammable vapor areas by vapor-tight glass panels, shall be suitable for use in ordinary hazard locations. Such luminaires shall be serviced from outside the flammable vapor areas.
1504.6.2.3 Integral luminaires. Luminaires that are an integral part of the walls or ceiling of a flammable vapor area are allowed to be separated from the flammable vapor area by glass panels that are an integral part of the luminaire. Such luminaires shall be listed for use in Class I, Division 2 or Class II, Division 2 locations, whichever is applicable, and also shall be suitable for accumulations of deposits of combustible residues. Such luminaires are allowed to be serviced from inside the flammable vapor area.
1504.6.2.4 Portable electric lamps. Portable electric lamps shall not be used in flammable vapor areas during spraying operations. Portable electric lamps used during cleaning or repairing operations shall be of a type approved for hazardous locations.
1504.7 Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation of flammable vapor areas shall be provided in accordance with Section 505 of the California Mechanical Code.
1504.7.1 Operation. Mechanical ventilation shall be kept in operation at all times while spraying operations are being conducted and for a sufficient time thereafter to allow vapors from drying coated articles and finishing material residue to be exhausted. Spraying equipment shall be interlocked with the ventilation of the flammable vapor areas such as that spraying operations cannot be conducted unless the ventilation system is in operation.
1504.7.2 Recirculation. Air exhausted from spraying operations shall not be recirculated.
Exceptions:
- Air exhausted from spraying operations is allowed to be recirculated as makeup air for unmanned spray operations, provided that:
- The solid particulate has been removed.
- The vapor concentration is less than 25 percent of the LFL.
- Approved equipment is used to monitor the vapor concentration.
- When the vapor concentration exceeds 25 percent of the LFL, the following shall occur:
- An alarm shall sound; and
- Spray operations shall automatically shut down.
- In the event of shutdown of the vapor concentration monitor, 100 percent of the air volume specified in Section 510 of the California Mechanical Code is automatically exhausted.
- Air exhausted from spraying operations is allowed to be recirculated as makeup air to manned spraying operations where all of the conditions provided in Exception 1 are included in the installation and 255 documents have been prepared to show that the installation does not pose a life safety hazard to personnel inside the spray booth, spraying space or spray room.
1504.7.3 Air velocity. Ventilation systems shall be designed, installed and maintained such that the average air velocity over the open face of the booth, or booth cross section in the direction of airflow during spraying operations, shall not be less than 100 feet per minute (0.51 m/s).
1504.7.4 Ventilation obstruction. Articles being sprayed shall be positioned in a manner that does not obstruct collection of overspray.
1504.7.5 Independent ducts. Each spray booth and spray room shall have an independent exhaust duct system discharging to the outside.
Exceptions:
- Multiple spray booths having a combined frontal area of 18 square feet (1.67 m2) or less are allowed to have a common exhaust when identical spray finishing material is used in each booth. If more than one fan serves one booth, fans shall be interconnected such that all fans will operate simultaneously.
- Where treatment of exhaust is necessary for air pollution control or for energy conservation, ducts shall be allowed to be manifolded if all of the following conditions are met:
- The sprayed materials used are compatible and will not react or cause ignition of the residue in the ducts.
- Nitrocellulose-based finishing material shall not be used.
- A filtering system shall be provided to reduce the amount of overspray carried into the duct manifold.
- Automatic sprinkler protection shall be provided at the junction of each booth exhaust with the manifold, in addition to the protection required by this chapter.
1504.7.6 Termination point. The termination point for exhaust ducts discharging to the atmosphere shall not be less than the following distances:
1504.7.7 Fan motors and belts. Electric motors driving exhaust fans shall not be placed inside booths or ducts. Fan rotating elements shall be nonferrous or nonsparking or the casing shall consist of, or be lined with, such material. Belts shall not enter the duct or booth unless the belt and pulley within the duct are tightly enclosed.
1504.7.8 Filters. Air intake filters that are part of a wall or ceiling assembly shall be listed as Class I or II in accordance with UL 900. Exhaust filters shall be required.
1504.7.8.1 Supports. Supports and holders for filters shall be constructed of noncombustible materials.
1504.7.8.2 Attachment. Overspray collection filters shall be readily removable and accessible for cleaning or replacement.
1504.7.8.3 Maintaining air velocity. Visible gauges, audible alarms or pressure-activated devices shall be installed to indicate or ensure that the required air velocity is maintained.
1504.7.8.4 Filter rolls. Spray booths equipped with a filter roll that is automatically advanced when the air velocity is reduced to less than 100 feet per minute (0.51 m/s) shall be arranged to shut down the spraying operation if the filter roll fails to advance automatically.
1504.7.8.5 Filter disposal. Discarded filter pads shall be immediately removed to a safe, detached location or placed in a noncombustible container with a tight-fitting lid and disposed of properly.
1504.7.8.6 Spontaneous ignition. Spray booths using dry filters shall not be used for spraying materials that are highly susceptible to spontaneous heating and ignition. Filters shall be changed prior to spraying materials that could react with other materials previously collected. An example of a potentially reactive combination includes lacquer when combined with varnishes, stains or primers.
1504.7.8.7 Waterwash spray booths. Waterwash spray booths shall be of an approved design so as to prevent excessive accumulation of deposits in ducts and residue at duct outlets. Such booths shall be arranged so that air and overspray are drawn through a continuously flowing water curtain before entering an exhaust duct to the building exterior.
1504.8 Interlocks. Interlocks for spray application finishes shall be in accordance with Sections 1504.8.1 through 1504.8.2.
1504.8.1 Automated spray application operations. Where protecting automated spray application operations, automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be equipped with an approved interlock feature that will, upon discharge of the system, automatically stop the spraying operations and workpiece conveyors into and out of the flammable vapor areas. Where the building is equipped with a fire alarm system, discharge of the automatic fire-extinguishing system shall also activate the building alarm notification appliances.
2561504.8.1.1 Alarm station. A manual fire alarm and emergency system shutdown station shall be installed to serve each flammable vapor area. When activated, the station shall accomplish the functions indicated in Section 1504.8.1.
1504.8.1.2 Alarm station location. At least one manual fire alarm and emergency system shutdown station shall be readily accessible to operating personnel. Where access to this station is likely to involve exposure to danger, an additional station shall be located adjacent to an exit from the area.
1504.8.2 Ventilation interlock prohibited. Air makeup and flammable vapor area exhaust systems shall not be interlocked with the fire alarm system and shall remain in operation during a fire alarm condition.
Exception: Where the type of fire-extinguishing system used requires such ventilation to be discontinued, air makeup and exhaust systems shall shut down and dampers shall close.
1504.9 Limited spraying spaces. Limited spraying spaces shall comply with Sections 1504.9.1 through 1504.9.4.
1504.9.1 Job size. The aggregate surface area to be sprayed shall not exceed 9 square feet (0.84 m2).
1504.9.2 Frequency. Spraying operations shall not be of a continuous nature.
1504.9.3 Ventilation. Positive mechanical ventilation providing a minimum of six complete air changes per hour shall be installed. Such system shall meet the requirements of this code for handling flammable vapor areas. Explosion venting is not required.
1504.9.4 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the floor and 20 feet (6096 mm) horizontally of the limited spraying space shall be designed for Class I, Division 2 locations in accordance with the California Electrical Code.
1505.1 General. Dip-tank operations shall comply with the requirements of Section 1503 and this section.
1505.2 Location of dip-tank operations. Dip-tank operations conducted in buildings used for Group A, I or R occupancies shall be located in a room designed for that purpose, equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system and separated vertically and horizontally from other areas in accordance with the California Building Code.
1505.3 Construction of dip tanks. Dip tanks shall be constructed in accordance with Sections 1505.3.1 through 1505.3.4.3 and NFPA 34. Dip tanks, including drain boards, shall be constructed of noncombustible material and their supports shall be of heavy metal, reinforced concrete or masonry.
1505.3.1 Overflow. Dip tanks greater than 150 gallons (568 L) in capacity or 10 square feet (0.93 m2) in liquid surface area shall be equipped with a trapped overflow pipe leading to an approved location outside the building. The bottom of the overflow connection shall not be less than 6 inches (152 mm) below the top of the tank.
1505.3.2 Bottom drains. Dip tanks greater than 500 gallons (1893 L) in liquid capacity shall be equipped with bottom drains that are arranged to automatically and manually drain the tank quickly in the event of a fire unless the viscosity of the liquid at normal atmospheric temperature makes this impractical. Manual operation shall be from a safe, accessible location. Where gravity flow is not practicable, automatic pumps shall be provided. Such drains shall be trapped and discharged to a closed, vented salvage tank or to an approved outside location.
Exception: Dip tanks containing Class IIIB combustible liquids where the liquids are not heated above room temperature and the process area is protected by automatic sprinklers.
1505.3.3 Dipping liquid temperature control. Protection against the accumulation of vapors, self-ignition and excessively high temperatures shall be provided for dipping liquids that are heated directly or heated by the surfaces of the object being dipped.
1505.3.4 Dip-tank covers. Dip-tank covers allowed by Section 1505.4.1 shall be capable of manual operation and shall be automatic closing by approved automatic-closing devices designed to operate in the event of a fire.
1505.3.4.1 Construction. Covers shall be constructed of noncombustible material or be of a tin-clad type with enclosing metal applied with locked joints.
1505.3.4.2 Supports. Chain or wire rope shall be utilized for cover supports or operating mechanisms.
1505.3.4.3 Closed covers. Covers shall be kept closed when tanks are not in use.
1505.4 Fire protection. Dip-tank operations shall be protected in accordance with Sections 1505.4.1 through 1505.4.2.
1505.4.1 Fixed fire-extinguishing equipment. An approved automatic fire-extinguishing system or dip-tank cover in accordance with Section 1505.3.4 shall be provided for the following dip tanks:
1505.4.1.1 Fire-extinguishing system. An approved automatic fire-extinguishing system shall be provided for dip tanks with a 150-gallon (568 L) or more capacity or 10 square feet (0.93 m2) or larger in a liquid surface area. Fire-extinguishing system design shall be in accordance with NFPA 34.
1505.4.2 Portable fire extinguishers. Areas in the vicinity of dip tanks shall be provided with portable fire extinguishers complying with Section 906 and suitable for
257flammable and combustible liquid fires as specified for extra (high) hazard occupancies.
1505.5 Housekeeping, maintenance and storage of hazard-ous materials. Housekeeping, maintenance, storage and use of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 1503.3 and 1503.4.
1505.6 Sources of ignition. Control of sources of ignition shall be in accordance with Section 1503.2.
1505.7 Ventilation of flammable vapor areas. Flammable vapor areas shall be provided with mechanical ventilation adequate to prevent the dangerous accumulation of vapors. Required ventilation systems shall be arranged such that the failure of any ventilating fan shall automatically stop the dipping conveyor system.
1505.8 Conveyor interlock. Dip tanks utilizing a conveyor system shall be arranged such that in the event of a fire, the conveyor system shall automatically cease motion and the required tank bottom drains shall open.
1505.9 Hardening and tempering tanks. Hardening and tempering tanks shall comply with Sections 1505.3 through 1505.3.3, 1505.4.2 and 1505.8 but shall be exempt from other provisions of Section 1505.
1505.9.1 Location. Tanks shall be located as far as practical from furnaces and shall not be located on or near combustible floors.
1505.9.2 Hoods. Tanks shall be provided with a noncombustible hood and vent or other approved venting means, terminating outside of the structure to serve as a vent in case of a fire. Such vent ducts shall be treated as flues and proper clearances shall be maintained from combustible materials.
1505.9.3 Alarms. Tanks shall be equipped with a high-temperature limit switch arranged to sound an alarm when the temperature of the quenching medium reaches 50°F (10°C) below the flash point.
1505.9.4 Fire protection. Hardening and tempering tanks greater than 500 gallons (1893 L) in capacity or 25 square feet (2.3 m2) in liquid surface area shall be protected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system complying with Chapter 9.
1505.9.5 Use of air pressure. Air under pressure shall not be used to fill or agitate oil in tanks.
1505.10 Flow-coating operations. Flow-coating operations shall comply with the requirements for dip tanks. The area of the sump and any areas on which paint flows shall be considered to be the area of a dip tank.
1505.10.1 Paint supply. Paint shall be supplied by a gravity tank not exceeding 10 gallons (38 L) in capacity or by direct low-pressure pumps arranged to shut down automatically in case of a fire by means of approved heat-actuated devices.
1505.11 Roll-coating operations. Roll-coating operations shall comply with Section 1505.10. In roll-coating operations utilizing flammable or combustible liquids, sparks from static electricity shall be prevented by electrically bonding and grounding all metallic rotating and other parts of machinery and equipment and by the installation of static collectors, or by maintaining a conductive atmosphere such as a high relative humidity.
1506.1 General. Operations using finely ground particles of protective finishing material applied in dry powder form by a fluidized bed, an electrostatic fluidized bed, power spray guns or electrostatic powder spray guns shall comply with this section. In addition to Section 1506, Section 1507 shall apply to fixed electrostatic equipment used in powder coating operations.
1506.2 Location. Powder coating operations shall be conducted in enclosed powder coating rooms, enclosed powder coating facilities which are ventilated or ventilated spray booths.
1506.3 Construction of powder coating rooms and booths. Powder coating rooms shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. Spray booths shall be constructed in accordance with Section 1504.3.2.
Exception: Listed spray-booth assemblies that are constructed of other materials shall be allowed.
1506.4 Fire protection. Areas used for powder coating shall be protected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system complying with Chapter 9.
1506.4.1 Additional protection for fixed systems. Automated power application equipment shall be protected by the installation of an approved, supervised flame detection apparatus that shall react to the presence of flame within 0.5 second and shall accomplish all of the following:
1506.4.2 Fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers complying with Section 906 shall be provided for areas used for powder coating in accordance with the requirements for an extra hazard occupancy.
1506.5 Operation and maintenance. Powder coating areas shall be kept free from the accumulation of powder coating dusts, including horizontal surfaces such as ledges, beams, pipes, hoods, booths and floors.
1506.5.1 Cleaning. Surfaces shall be cleaned in such a manner so as to avoid scattering dusts to other places or creating dust clouds. Vacuum sweeping equipment shall be of a type approved for use in hazardous locations.
1506.6 Sources of ignition. Control of sources of ignition shall be in accordance with Sections 1503.2 and 1506.6.1 through 1506.6.4.
2581506.6.1 Drying, curing and fusion equipment. Drying, curing and fusion equipment shall comply with Chapter 21.
1506.6.2 Spark-producing metals. Iron or spark-producing metals shall be prevented from being introduced into the powders being applied by magnetic separators, filter-type separators or by other approved means.
1506.6.3 Preheated parts. When parts are heated prior to coating, the temperature of the parts shall not exceed the ignition temperature of the powder to be used.
1506.6.4 Grounding and bonding. Precautions shall be taken to minimize the possibility of ignition by static electrical sparks through static bonding and grounding, where possible, of powder transport, application and recovery equipment.
1506.7 Ventilation. Exhaust ventilation shall be sufficient to maintain the atmosphere below one-half the minimum explosive concentration for the material being applied. Non-deposited, air-suspended powders shall be removed through exhaust ducts to the powder recovery system.
1507.1 General. Electrostatic apparatus and devices used in connection with paint-spraying and paint-detearing operations shall be of an approved type.
1507.2 Location and clear space. A space of at least twice the sparking distance shall be maintained between goods being painted or deteared and electrodes, electrostatic atomizing heads or conductors. The equipment manufacturer's operating instructions shall be consulted to determine the sparking distance of the equipment involved. A sign stating the sparking distance shall be conspicuously posted near the assembly.
Exception: Portable electrostatic paint-spraying apparatus listed for use in Class 1, Division 1, locations.
1507.3 Construction of equipment. Electrodes and electrostatic atomizing heads shall be of approved construction, rigidly supported in permanent locations and effectively insulated from ground. Insulators shall be nonporous and noncombustible.
Exception: Portable electrostatic paint-spraying apparatus listed for use in Class I, Division 1, locations.
1507.3.1 Barriers. Booths, fencing, railings or guards shall be placed about the equipment such that either by their location or character, or both, isolation of the process in maintained from plant storage and personnel. Railings, fencing and guards shall be of conductive material, adequately grounded, and at least 5 feet (1524 mm) from processing equipment.
Exception: Portable electrostatic paint-spraying apparatus listed for use in Class I, Division 1, locations.
1507.4 Fire protection. Areas used for electrostatic spray finishing with fixed equipment shall be protected with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system complying with Chapter 9 and Section 1507.4.1.
1507.4.1 Protection for automated liquid electrostatic spray application equipment. Automated liquid electrostatic spray application equipment shall be protected by the installation of an approved, supervised flame detection apparatus that shall, in the event of ignition, react to the presence of flame within 0.5 second and shall accomplish all of the following:
1507.5 Housekeeping, maintenance and storage of hazardous materials. Housekeeping, maintanance, storage and use of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 1503.3, 1503.4 and Sections 1507.5.1 and 1507.5.2.
1507.5.1 Maintenance. Insulators shall be kept clean and dry. Drip plates and screens subject to paint deposits shall be removable and taken to a safe place for cleaning. Grounds and bonding means for the paint-spraying apparatus and all associated equipment shall be periodically cleaned and maintained free of overspray.
1507.5.2 Signs. Signs shall be posted to provide the following information:
1507.6 Sources of ignition. Transformers, power packs, control apparatus and all other electrical portions of the equipment, except high-voltage grids and electrostatic atomizing heads and connections, shall be located outside of the flammable vapor areas or shall comply with Section 1503.2.
1507.7 Ventilation. The flammable vapor area shall be ventilated in accordance with Section 1504.7.
1507.8 Emergency shutdown. Electrostatic apparatus shall be equipped with automatic controls operating without time delay to disconnect the power supply to the high-voltage transformer and signal the operator under any of the following conditions:
1507.9 Ventilation interlock. Hand electrostatic equipment shall be interlocked with the ventilation system for the spraying area so that the equipment cannot be operated unless the ventilating system is in operation.
1508.1 General. Spraying operations involving the use of organic peroxides and other dual-component coatings shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 1503 and this section.
1508.2 Use of organic peroxide coatings. Spraying operations involving the use of organic peroxides and other dual-component coatings shall be conducted in approved sprinklered spray booths complying with Section 1504.3.2.
1508.3 Equipment. Spray guns and related handling equipment used with organic peroxides shall be of a type manufactured for such use.
1508.3.1 Pressure tanks. Separate pressure vessels and inserts specifically for the application shall be used for the resin and for the organic peroxide, and shall not be interchanged. Organic peroxide pressure tank inserts shall be constructed of stainless steel or polyethylene.
1508.4 Housekeeping, maintenance, storage and use of hazardous materials. Housekeeping, maintenance, storage and use of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 1503.3 and 1503.4 and Sections 1508.4.1 through 1508.4.7.
1508.4.1 Contamination prevention. Organic peroxide initiators shall not be contaminated with foreign substances.
1508.4.2 Spilled material. Spilled organic peroxides shall be promptly removed so there are no residues. Spilled material absorbed by using a noncombustible absorbent shall be promptly disposed of in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation.
1508.4.3 Residue control. Materials shall not be contaminated by dusts and overspray residues resulting from the sanding or spraying of finishing materials containing organic peroxides.
1508.4.4 Handling. Handling of organic peroxides shall be conducted in a manner that avoids shock and friction that produces decomposition and violent reaction hazards.
1508.4.5 Mixing. Organic peroxides shall not be mixed directly with accelerators or promoters.
1508.4.6 Personnel qualifications. Personnel working with organic peroxides and dual-component coatings shall be specifically trained to work with these materials.
1508.4.7 Storage. The storage of organic peroxides shall comply with Chapter 39.
1508.5 Sources of ignition. Only nonsparking tools shall be used in areas where organic peroxides are stored, mixed or applied.
1509.1 General. Indoor manufacturing processes involving spray or hand application of reinforced plastics and using more than 5 gallons (19 L) of resin in a 24-hour period shall be in accordance with this section.
1509.2 Resin application equipment. Equipment used for spray application of resin shall be installed and used in accordance with Sections 1508 and 1509.
1509.3 Fire protection. Resin application areas shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system. The sprinkler system design shall not be less than that required for Ordinary Hazard, Group 2, with a minimum design area of 3,000 square feet (279 m2). Where the materials or storage arrangements are required by other regulations to be provided with a higher level of sprinkler system protection, the higher level of sprinkler system protection shall be provided.
1509.4 Housekeeping, maintenance, storage and use of hazardous materials. Housekeeping, maintenance, storage and use of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 1503.3 and 1503.4 and Sections 1509.4.1 through 1509.4.3.
1509.4.1 Handling of excess catalyzed resin. A noncombustible, open-top container shall be provided for disposal of excess catalyzed resin. Excess catalyzed resin shall be drained into the container while still in the liquid state. Enough water shall be provided in the container to maintain a minimum 2-inch (51 mm) water layer over the contained resin.
1509.4.2 Control of overchop. In areas where chopper guns are used, exposed wall and floor surfaces shall be covered with paper, polyethylene film or other approved material to allow for removal of overchop. Overchop shall be allowed to cure for not less than 4 hours prior to removal.
1509.4.2.1 Disposal. Following removal, used wall and floor covering materials required by Section 1509.4.2 shall be placed in a noncombustible container and removed from the facility.
1509.4.3 Storage and use of hazardous materials. Storage and use of organic peroxides shall be in accordance with Section 1508 and Chapter 39. Storage and use of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Chapter 34. Storage and use of unstable (reactive) materials shall be in accordance with Chapter 43.
1509.5 Sources of ignition in resin application areas. Sources of ignition in resin application areas shall comply with Section 1503.2.
1509.6 Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided throughout resin application areas in accordance with Section 1504.7. The ventilation rate shall be adequate to maintain the concentration of flammable vapors in the resin application area at or below 25 percent of the LFL.
260Exception: Mechanical ventilation is not required for buildings that have 75 percent of the perimeter unenclosed.
1509.6.1 Local ventilation. Local ventilation shall be provided inside of workpieces where personnel will be under or inside of the workpiece.
1510.1 Scope. Floor surfacing and finishing operations exceeding 350 square feet (33 m2) and using Class I or II liquids shall comply with Sections 1510.2 through 1510.5.
1510.2 Mechanical system operation. Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems shall not be operated during resurfacing or refinishing operations or within 4 hours of the application of flammable or combustible liquids.
1510.3 Business operation. Floor surfacing and finishing operations shall not be conducted while an establishment is open to the public.
1510.4 Ignition sources. The power shall be shut down to all electrical sources of ignition within the flammable vapor area, unless those devices are classified for use in Class I, Division 1 hazardous locations.
1510.5 Ventilation. To prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors, mechanical ventilation at a minimum rate of 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot [0.00508 m3 /(s . m2)] of area being finished shall be provided. Such exhaust shall be by approved temporary or portable means. Vapors shall be exhausted to the exterior of the building.
261 262CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE-MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 16 - FRUIT AND CROP RIPENING (Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal)
1601.1 Scope. Ripening processes where ethylene gas is introduced into a room to promote the ripening of fruits, vegetables and other crops shall comply with this chapter.
Exception: Mixtures of ethylene and one or more inert gases in concentrations which prevent the gas from reaching greater than 25 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL) when released to the atmosphere.
1601.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
1601.3 Ethylene generators. Approved ethylene generators shall be operated and maintained in accordance with Section 1606.
1602.1 Terms defined in Chapter 2. Words and terms used in this chapter and defined in Chapter 2 shall have the meanings ascribed to them as defined therein.
1603.1 Location. Ethylene gas shall be discharged only into approved rooms or enclosures designed and constructed for this purpose.
1603.2 Dispensing. Valves controlling discharge of ethylene shall provide positive and fail-closed control of flow and shall be set to limit the concentration of gas in air below 1,000 parts per million (ppm).
1604.1 Ignition prevention. Sources of ignition shall be controlled or protected in accordance with this section and Chapter 3.
1604.2 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment, including luminaires, shall be approved for use in Class I, Division 2, Group C hazardous (classified) locations.
1604.3 Static electricity. Containers, piping and equipment used to dispense ethylene shall be bonded and grounded to prevent the discharge of static sparks or arcs.
1604.4 Lighting. Lighting shall be by approved electric lamps or luminaires only.
1604.5 Heating. Heating shall be by indirect means utilizing low-pressure steam, hot water or warm air.
Exception: Electric or fuel-fired heaters approved for use in hazardous (classified) locations which are installed and operated in accordance with the applicable provisions of NFPA 70, the International Mechanical Code or the International Fuel Gas Code.
1605.1 Housekeeping. Empty boxes, cartons, pallets and other combustible waste shall be removed from ripening rooms or enclosures and disposed of at regular intervals in accordance with Chapter 3.
1606.1 Ethylene generators. Ethylene generators shall be listed and labeled by an approved testing laboratory, approved by the fire code official and used only in approved rooms in accordance with the ethylene generator manufacturer’s instructions. The listing evaluation shall include documentation that the concentration of ethylene gas does not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL).
1606.2 Ethylene generator rooms. Ethylene generators shall be used in rooms having a volume of not less than 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3). Rooms shall have air circulation to ensure even distribution of ethylene gas and shall be free from sparks, open flames or other ignition sources.
1607.1 When required. Approved warning signs indicating the danger involved and necessary precautions shall be posted on all doors and entrances to the premises.
265 266CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE-MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 17 - FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING (Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal)
1701.1 Scope. Fumigation and thermal insecticidal fogging operations within structures shall comply with this chapter.
1701.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
1702.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
FUMIGANT. A substance which by itself or in combination with any other substance emits or liberates a gas, fume or vapor utilized for the destruction or control of insects, fungi, vermin, germs, rates or other pests, and shall be distinguished from insecticides and disinfectants which are essentially effective in the solid or liquid phases. Examples are methyl bromide, ethylene dibromide, hydrogen cyanide, carbon disulfide and sulfuryl fluoride.
FUMIGATION. The utilization within an enclosed space of a fumigant in concentrations that are hazardous or acutely toxic to humans.
THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING. The utilization of insecticidal liquids passed through thermal fog-generating units where, by means of heat, pressure and turbulence, such liquids are transformed and discharged in the form of fog or mist blown into an area to be treated.
1703.1 General. Structures in which fumigation and thermal insecticidal fogging operations are conducted shall comply with the fire protection and safety requirements of Sections 1703.2 through 1703.7.
1703.2 Sources of ignition. Fires, open flames and similar sources of ignition shall be eliminated from the space under fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging. Heating, where needed, shall be of an approved type.
1703.2.1 Electricity. Electricity shall be shut off.
Exception: Circulating fans that have been specifically designed for utilization in hazardous atmospheres and installed in accordance with NFPA 70.
1703.3 Notification. The fire code official and fire chief shall be notified in writing at least 24 hours before the structure is to be closed in connection with the utilization of any toxic or flammable fumigant.Notification shall give the location of the enclosed space to be fumigated or fogged, the occupancy, the fumigants or insecticides to be utilized, the persons or persons responsible for the operations, and the date and time at which the operation will begin.Notice of any fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging shall be served with sufficient advance notice to the occupants of the enclosed space involved to enable the occupants to evacuate the premises.
1703.3.1 Warning signs. Approved warning signs indicating the danger, type of chemical involved and necessary precautions shall be posted on all doors and entrances to the premises and upon all gangplanks and ladders from the deck, pier or land to the ship. Such notices shall be printed in red ink on a white background. Letters in the headlines shall be at least 2 inches (51 mm) in height and shall state the date and time of the operation, the name and address of the person, the name of the operator in charge, and a warning stating that the occupied premises shall be vacated at least 1 hour before the operation begins and shall not be reentered until the danger signs have been removed by the proper authorities.
1703.3.2 Breathing apparatus. Persons engaged in the business of fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging shall maintain and have available approved protective breathing apparatus.
1703.3.3 Watch personnel. During the period fumigation is in progress, except when fumigation is conducted in a gas-tight vault or tank, a capable, alert watcher shall remain on duty at the entrance or entrances to the enclosed fumigated space until after the fumigation is completed and the premises properly ventilated and safe for occupancy. Sufficient watchers shall be provided to prevent persons from entering the enclosed space under fumigation without being observed.
1703.4 Thermal insecticidal fogging liquids. Thermal insecticidal fogging liquids with a flash point below 100°F (38°C) shall not be utilized.
1703.5 Sealing of buildings. Paper and other similar materials that do not meet the flame propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701 shall not be used to wrap or cover a building in excess of that required for the sealing of cracks, casements and similar openings.
1703.6 Venting and cleanup. At the end of the exposure period, fumigators shall safely and properly ventilate the premises and contents; properly dispose of fumigant containers, residues, debris and other materials used for such fumigation; and clear obstructions from gas-fired appliance vents.
1703.7 Flammable fumigants restricted. The use of carbon disulfide and hydrogen cyanide shall be restricted to agricultural fumigation.
269 270Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
1801.1 Scope. Semiconductor fabrication facilities and comparable research and development areas classified as Group H-5 shall comply with this chapter and the California Building Code. The use, storage and handling of hazardous materials in Group H-5 shall comply with this chapter, other applicable provisions of this code and the California Building Code.
1801.2 Application. The requirements set forth in this chapter are requirements specific only to Group H-5 and shall be applied as exceptions or additions to applicable requirements set forth elsewhere in this code.
1801.3 Multiple hazards. Where a material poses multiple hazards, all hazards shall be addressed in accordance with Section 2701.1.
1801.4 Existing buildings and existing fabrication areas. Existing buildings and existing fabrication areas shall comply with this chapter, except that transportation and handling of HPM in exit access corridors and exit enclosures shall be allowed when in compliance with Section 1805.3.2 and the California Building Code.
1801.5 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
1802.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
CONTINUOUS GAS DETECTION SYSTEM. A gas detection system where the analytical instrument is maintained in continuous operation and sampling is performed without interruption. Analysis is allowed to be performed on a cyclical basis at intervals not to exceed 30 minutes.
EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION. An approved location on the premises where signals from emergency equipment are received and which is staffed by trained personnel.
FABRICATION AREA. An area within a semiconductor fabrication facility and related research and development areas in which there are processes using hazardous production materials. Such areas are allowed to include ancillary rooms or areas such as dressing rooms and offices that are directly related to the fabrication area processes.
HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM). A solid, liquid or gas associated with semiconductor manufacturing that has a degree-of-hazard rating in health, flammability or instability of Class 3 or 4 as ranked by NFPA 704 and which is used directly in research, laboratory or production processes which have, as their end product, materials that are not hazardous.
HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUID. An HPM liquid that is defined as either a Class I flammable liquid or a Class II or Class IIIA combustible liquid
HPM ROOM. A room used in conjunction with or serving a Group H-5 occupancy, where HPM is stored or used and which is classified as a Group H-2, H-3 or H-4 occupancy.
PASS-THROUGH. An enclosure installed in a wall with a door on each side that allows chemicals, HPM, equipment, and parts to be transferred from one side of the wall to the other.
SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY. A building or a portion of a building in which electrical circuits or devices are created on solid crystalline substances having electrical conductivity greater than insulators but less than conductors. These circuits or devices are commonly known as semiconductors.
SERVICE CORRIDOR. A fully enclosed passage used for transporting HPM and purposes other than required means of egress.
TOOL. A device, storage container, workstation or process machine used in a fabrication area.
WORKSTATION. A defined space or an independent principal piece of equipment using HPM within a fabrication area where a specific function, laboratory procedure or research activity occurs. Approved or listed hazardous materials storage cabinets, flammable liquid storage cabinets or gas cabinets serving a workstation are included as part of the workstation. A workstation is allowed to contain ventilation equipment, fire protection devices, detection devices, electrical devices and other processing and scientific equipment.
1803.1 Emergency control station. An emergency control station shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1803.1.1 through 1803.1.3.
1803.1.1 Location. The emergency control station shall be located on the premises at an approved location outside the fabrication area.
1803.1.2 Staffing. Trained personnel shall continuously staff the emergency control station.
1803.1.3 Signals. The emergency control station shall receive signals from emergency equipment and alarm and detection systems. Such emergency equipment and alarm and detection systems shall include, but not be limited to, the following where such equipment or systems are required to be provided either in this chapter or elsewhere in this code:
1803.2 Systems, equipment and processes. Systems, equipment and processes shall be in accordance with Sections 1803.2.1 through 1803.2.3.2.
1803.2.1 Application. Systems, equipment and processes shall include, but not be limited to, containers, cylinders, tanks, piping, tubing, valves and fittings.
1803.2.2 General requirements. In addition to the requirements in Section 1803.2, systems, equipment and processes shall also comply with Section 2703.2, other applicable provisions of this code, the California Building Code and the California Mechanical Code.
1803.2.3 Additional requirements for HPM supply piping. In addition to the requirements in Section 1803.2, HPM supply piping and tubing for HPM gases and liquids shall comply with this section.
1803.2.3.1 General requirements. The requirements set forth in Section 2703.2.2.2 shall apply to supply piping and tubing for HPM gases and liquids.
1803.2.3.2 Health-hazard ranking 3 or 4 HPM. Supply piping and tubing for HPM gases and liquids having a health-hazard ranking of 3 or 4 shall be welded through out, except for connections located within a ventilation enclosure if the material is a gas, or an approved method of drainage or containment provided for connections if the material is a liquid.
1803.3 Construction requirements. Construction of semiconductor fabrication facilities shall be in accordance with Sections 1803.3.1 through 1803.3.9.
1803.3.1 Fabrication areas. Construction and location of fabrication areas shall comply with the California Building Code.
1803.3.2 Pass-throughs in exit access corridors. Pass-throughs in exit access corridors shall be constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.
1803.3.3 Liquid storage rooms. Liquid storage rooms shall comply with Chapter 34 and the California Building Code.
1803.3.4 HPM rooms. HPM rooms shall comply with the California Building Code.
1803.3.5 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall comply with Section 2703.8.6.
1803.3.6 Exhausted enclosures. Exhausted enclosures shall comply with Section 2703.8.5.
1803.3.7 Gas rooms. Gas rooms shall comply with Section 2703.8.4.
1803.3.8 Service corridors. Service corridors shall comply with Section 1805.3 and the California Building Code.
1803.3.9 Cabinets containing pyrophoric liquids or water-reactive Class 3 liquids. Cabinets in fabrication areas containing pyrophoric liquids or Class 3 water-reactive liquids in containers or in amounts greater than ½ gallon (2 L) shall comply with Section 1805.2.3.4.
1803.4 Emergency plan. An emergency plan shall be established as set forth in Section 408.4.
1803.5 Maintenance of equipment, machinery and processes. Maintenance of equipment, machinery and processes shall comply with Section 2703.2.6.
1803.6 Security of areas. Areas shall be secured in accordance with Section 2703.9.2.
1803.7 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment in HPM facilities shall comply with Sections 1803.7.1 through 1803.7.3.
1803.7.1 Fabrication areas. Electrical wiring and equipment in fabrication areas shall comply with the California Electrical Code.
1803.7.2 Workstations. Electrical equipment and devices within 5 feet (1524 mm) of workstations in which flammable or pyrophoric gases or flammable liquids are used shall comply with the California Electrical Code for Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations. Workstations shall not be energized without adequate exhaust ventilation in accordance with Section 1803.14.
Exception: Class I, Division 2 hazardous electrical equipment is not required when the air removal from the workstation or dilution will prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors and fumes on a continuous basis.
1803.7.3 Hazardous production material (HPM) rooms, gas rooms and liquid storage rooms. Electrical wiring and equipment in HPM rooms, gas rooms and liquid storage rooms shall comply with the California Electrical Code.
1803.8 Exit access corridors and exit enclosures. Hazardous materials shall not be used or stored in exit access corridors or exit access enclosures.
1803.9 Service corridors. Hazardous materials shall not be used in an open-system use condition in service corridors.
1803.10 Automatic sprinkler system. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1803.10.1 through 1803.10.5 and Chapter 9.
1803.10.1 Workstations and tools. The design of the sprinkler system in the area shall take into consideration the spray pattern and the effect on the equipment.
1803.10.1.1 Combustible workstations. A sprinkler head shall be installed within each branch exhaust connection or individual plenums of workstations of combustible construction. The sprinkler head in the exhaust connection or plenum shall be located not more than 2 feet (610 mm) from the point of the duct connection or
274the connection to the plenum. When necessary to prevent corrosion, the sprinkler head and connecting piping in the duct shall be coated with approved or listed corrosion-resistant materials. The sprinkler head shall be accessible for periodic inspection.
Exceptions:
- Approved alternative automatic fire-extinguishing systems are allowed. Activation of such systems shall deactivate the related processing equipment.
- Process equipment which operates at temperatures exceeding 932°F (500°C) and is provided with automatic shutdown capabilities for hazardous materials.
- Exhaust ducts 10 inches (254 mm) or less in diameter from flammable gas storage cabinets that are part of a workstation.
- Ducts listed or approved for use without internal automatic sprinkler protection.
1803.10.1.2 Combustible tools. Where the horizontal surface of a combustible tool is obstructed from ceiling sprinkler discharge, automatic sprinkler protection that covers the horizontal surface of the tool shall be provided.
Exceptions:
- An automatic gaseous fire-extinguishing local surface application system shall be allowed as an alternative to sprinklers. Gaseous-extinguishing systems shall be actuated by infrared (IR) or ultraviolet/infrared (UV/IR) optical detectors.
- Tools constructed of materials that are listed or approved for use without internal fire extinguishing system protection.
1803.10.2 Gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures containing HPM compressed gases.
Exception: Gas cabinets located in an HPM room other than those cabinets containing pyrophoric gases.
1803.10.3 Pass-throughs in existing exit access corridors. Pass-throughs in existing exit access corridors shall be protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system.
1803.10.4 Exhaust ducts for HPM. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in exhaust ducts conveying gases, vapors, fumes, mists or dusts generated from HPM in accordance with this section and the California Mechanical Code.
1803.10.4.1 Metallic and noncombustible nonmetallic exhaust ducts. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in metallic and noncombustible nonmetallic exhaust ducts when all of the following conditions apply:
1803.10.4.2 Combustible nonmetallic exhaust ducts. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in combustible nonmetallic exhaust ducts when the largest cross-sectional diameter of the duct is equal to or greater than 10 inches (254 mm).
Exceptions:
- Ducts listed or approved for applications without automatic sprinkler system protection.
- Ducts not more than 12 feet (3658 mm) in length installed below ceiling level.
1803.10.4.3 Exhaust connections and plenums of combustible workstations. Automatic fire-extinguishing system protection for exhaust connections and plenums of combustible workstations shall comply with Section 1803.10.1.1.
1803.10.4.4 Exhaust duct sprinkler system requirements. Automatic sprinklers installed in exhaust duct systems shall be hydraulically designed to provide 0.5 gallons per minute (gm) (1.9 L/min) over an area derived by multiplying the distance between the sprinklers in a horizontal duct by the width of the duct. Minimum discharge shall be 20 gpm (76L/min) per sprinkler from the five hydraulically most remote sprinklers.
1803.10.4.4.1 Sprinkler head locations. Automatic sprinklers shall be installed at 12-foot (3658 mm) intervals in horizontal ducts and at changes in direction. In vertical runs, automatic sprinklers shall be installed at the top and at alternate floor levels.
1803.10.4.4.2 Control valve. A separate indicating control valve shall be provided for sprinklers installed in exhaust ducts.
1803.10.4.4.3 Drainage. Drainage shall be provided to remove sprinkler water discharged in exhaust ducts.
1803.10.4.4.4 Corrosive atmospheres. Where corrosive atmospheres exist, exhaust duct sprinklers and pipe fittings shall be manufactured of corrosion resistant materials or coated with approved materials.
1803.10.4.4.5 Maintenance and inspection. Sprinklers in exhaust ducts shall be accessible for periodic inspection and maintenance.
1803.10.5 Sprinkler alarms and supervision. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be electrically supervised and provided with alarms in accordance with Chapter 9. Automatic sprinkler system alarm and supervisory signals shall be transmitted to the emergency control station.
1803.11 Manual fire alarm system. A manual fire alarm system shall be installed throughout buildings containing a Group H-5 occupancy. Activation of the alarm system shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to the emergency control station Manual fire alarm systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section 907.
1803.12 Emergency alarm system. Emergency alarm systems shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1803.12.1
275through 1803.12.3, Section 2704.9 and Section 2705.4.4. The maximum allowable quantity per control are provisions of Section 2704.1 shall not apply to emergency alarm systems required for HPM.
1803.12.1 Where required. Emergency alarm systems shall be provided in the areas indicated in Sections 1803.12.1.1 through 1803.12.1.3.
1803.12.1.1 Service corridors. An approved emergency alarm system shall be provided in service corridors, with at least one alarm device in the service corridor.
1803.12.1.2 Exit access corridors and exit enclosures. Emergency alarm for exit access corridors and exit enclosures shall comply with Section 2705.4.4.
1803.12.1.3 Liquid storage rooms, HPM rooms and gas rooms. Emergency alarm for liquid storage rooms, HPM rooms and gas rooms shall comply with Section 2704.9.
1803.12.2 Alarm-initiating devices. An approved emergency telephone system, local alarm manual pull stations, or other approved alarm-initiating devices are allowed to be used as emergency alarm-initiating devices.
1803.12.3 Alarm signals. Activation of the emergency alarm system shall sound a local alarm and transmit a signal to the emergency control station.
1803.13 Continuous gas detection systems. A continuous gas detection system shall be provided for HPM gases when the physiological warning threshold level of the gas is at a higher level than the accepted permissible exposure limit (PEL) for the gas and for flammable gases in accordance with Sections 1803.13.1 through 1803.13.2.2.
1803.13.1 Where required. A continuous gas detection system shall be provided in the areas identified in Sections 1803.13.1.1 through 1803.13.1.4.
1803.13.1.1 Fabrication areas. A continuous gas detection system shall be provided in fabrication areas when gas is used in the fabrication area.
1803.13.1.2 HPM rooms. A continuous gas detection system shall be provided in HPM rooms when gas is used in the room.
1803.13.1.3 Gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and gas rooms. A continuous gas detection system shall be provided in gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures. A continuous gas detection system shall be provided in gas room when gases are not located in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures.
1803.13.1.4 Corridors. When gases are transported in piping placed within the space defined by the walls of a corridor and the floor or roof above the corridor, a continuous gas detection system shall be provided where piping is located and in the corridor.
Exception: A continuous gas detection system is not required for occasional transverse crossings of the corridors by supply piping which is enclosed in a ferrous pipe or tube for the width of the corridor.
1803.13.2 Gas detection system operation. The continuous gas detection system shall be capable of monitoring the room, area or equipment in which the gas is located at or below all the following gas concentrations:
1803.13.2.1 Alarms. The gas detection system shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to the emergency control station when a short-term hazard condition is detected. The alarm shall be both visible and audible and shall provide warning both inside and outside the area where the gas is detected. The audible alarm shall be distinct from all other alarms.
1803.13.2.2 Shut off of gas supply. The gas detection system shall automatically close the shutoff value at the source on gas supply piping and tubing related to the system being monitored for which gas is detected when a short-term hazard condition is detected. Automatic closure of shutoff valves shall comply with the following:
Exception: Where the gas-detection sampling point initiating the gas detection system alarm is at the use location or within a gas valve enclosure of a branch line downstream of a piping distribution manifold, the shutoff valve for the branch line located in the piping distribution manifold enclosure shall automatically close.
1803.14 Exhaust ventilation systems for HPM. Exhaust ventilation systems and materials for exhaust ducts utilized for the exhaust of HPM shall comply with Sections 1803.14.1 through 1803.14.3, other applicable provisions of this code, the California Building Code and theCalifornia Mechanical Code.
1803.14.1 Where required. Exhaust ventilation systems shall be provided in the following locations in accordance with the requirements of this section and the California Building Code:
1803.14.2 Penetrations. Exhaust ducts penetrating fire barrier assemblies shall be contained in a shaft of equivalent fire-resistance-rated construction. Exhaust ducts shall not penetrate fire walls. Fire dampers shall not be installed in exhaust ducts.
1803.14.3 Treatment systems. Treatment systems for highly toxic gases and toxic gases shall comply with Chapter 37.
1803.15 Emergency power system. An emergency power system shall be provided in Group H-5 occupancies where required by Section 604. The emergency power system shall be designed to supply power automatically to required electrical systems when the normal supply system is interrupted.
1803.15.1 Required electrical systems. Emergency power shall be provided for electrically operated equipment and connected control circuits for the following systems:
1803.15.2 Exhaust ventilation systems. Exhaust ventilation systems are allowed to be designed to operate at not less than one-half the normal fan speed on the emergency power system when it is demonstrated that the level of exhaust will maintain a safe atmosphere.
1804.1 General. Storage of hazardous materials shall comply with Section 1803 and this section and other applicable provisions of this code.
1804.2 Fabrication areas. Hazardous materials storage and the maximum quantities of hazardous materials in use and storage allowed in fabrication area shall be in accordance with Sections 1804.2.1 through 1804.2.2.1.
1804.2.1 Location of HPM storage in fabrication areas. Storage of HPM in fabrication areas shall be within approved or listed storage cabinets, gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or within a workstation as follows.
1804.2.2 Maximum aggregate quantities in fabrication areas. The aggregate quantities of hazardous materials stored or used in a single fabrication area shall be limited as specified in this section.
Exception: Fabrication areas containing quantities of hazardous materials not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area established by Sections 2703.1.1,3404.3.4 and 3404.3.5.
1804.3 Indoor storage outside of fabrication areas. The indoor storage of hazardous materials outside of fabrication areas shall be in accordance with Sections 1804.3.1 through 1804.3.3.
1804.3.1 HPM storage. The indoor storage of HPM in quantities greater than those listed in Sections 2703.1.1 and 3404.3.4 shall be in a room complying with the requirements of the California Building Code and this code for a liquid storage room, HPM room or gas room as appropriate for the materials stored.
1804.3.2 Other hazardous materials storage. The indoor storage of other hazardous materials shall comply with Sections 2701, 2703 and 2704 and other applicable provisions of this code.
1804.3.3 Separation of incompatible hazardous materials. Incompatible hazardous materials in storage shall be separated from each other in accordance with Section 2703.9.8.
1805.1 General. The use and handling of hazardous materials shall comply with this section, Section 1803 and other applicable provisions of this code.
1805.2 Fabrication areas. The use of hazardous materials in fabrication areas shall be in accordance with Sections 1805.2.1 through 1805.2.3.4.
1805.2.2 Maximum aggregate quantities in fabrication areas. The aggregate quantities of hazardous materials in a single fabrication are shall comply with Section 1804.2.2, and Table 1804.2.2.1. The quantity of HPM in use at a work station shall not exceed the quantities listed in Table 1805.2.2.
1805.2.3 Workstations. Workstations in fabrication areas shall be in accordance with Sections 1805.2.3.1 through 1805.2.3.4.
1805.2.3.1 Construction. Workstations in fabrications areas shall be constructed of materials compatible with the materials used and stored at the workstation. The portion of the workstation that serves as a cabinet for HPM gases and HPM flammable liquids shall be noncombustible and, if of metal, shall be not less than 0.0478-inch (18 gage) (1.2 mm) steel.
1805.2.3.2 Protection of vessels. Vessels containing hazardous materials located in or connected to a work station shall be protected as follows:
1805.2.3.3 Drainage and containment for HPM liquids. Each workstation utilizing HPM liquids shall have all of the following:
1805.2.3.4 Pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liquids. Pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liquids in containers greater than 0.5-gallon (20 L) but not exceeding 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity shall be allowed at workstations when located inside cabinets and the following conditions are met:
HPM CLASSIFICATION | STATE | MAXIMUM QUANTITY |
---|---|---|
For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. | ||
a. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent for closed system operations. When Note b also applies, the increase for both notes shall be allowed. | ||
b. Quantities shall be allowed to be increased 100 percent when workstations are internally protected with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing or suppression system complying with Chapter 9. When Note b also applies, the increase for both notes shall be allowed. When Note e also applies, the maximum increase allowed for both Notes b and e shall not exceed 100 percent. | ||
c. Allowed only in workstations that are internally protected with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing or fire protection system complying with Chapter 9 and compatible with the reactivity of materials in use at the workstation. | ||
d. The quantity limits apply only to materials classified as HPM. | ||
e. Quantities shall be allowed to be increased 100 percent for nonflammable, noncombustible corrosive liquids when the materials of construction for workstations are listed or approved for use without internal fire-extinguishing or suppression system protection. When Note b also applies, the maximum increase allowed for both Notes b and e shall not exceed 100 percent. | ||
f. A maximum quantity of 5.3 gallons shall be allowed at a workstation when conditions are in accordance with Section 1805.2.3.4. | ||
Flammable, highly toxic, pyrophoric and toxic combined | Gas | Combined aggregate volume of all cylinders at a workstation shall not exceed an internal cylinder volume of 39.6 gallons or 5.29 cubic feet |
Flammable | Liquid | 15 gallonsa, b |
Solid | 5 poundsa, b | |
Corrosive | Gas | Combined aggregate volume of all cylinders at a workstation shall not exceed an internal cylinder volume of 39.6 gallons or 5.29 cubic feet |
Liquid | Use-open system: 25 gallonsb | |
Use-closed system: 150 gallonsb, e | ||
Solid | 20 poundsa,b | |
Highly toxic | Liquid | 15 gallonsa |
Solid | 5 poundsa | |
Oxidizer | Gas | Combined aggregate volume of all cylinders at a workstation shall not exceed an internal cylinder volume of 39.6 gallons or 5.29 cubic feet |
Liquid | Use-open system: 12 gallonsb | |
Use-closed system: 60 gallonsb | ||
Solid | 20 poundsa, b | |
Pyrophoric | Liquid | 0.5 gallonc, f |
Solid | See Table 1804.2.2.1 | |
Toxic | Liquid | Use-open system: 15 gallonsb |
Use-closed system: 60 gallonsb | ||
Solid | 5 poundsa, b | |
Unstable reactive Class 3 | Liquid | 0.5 gallona, b |
Solid | 5 poundsa, b | |
Water-reactive Class 3 | Liquid | 0.5 gallonc, f |
Solid | See Table 1804.2.2.1 |
1805.3 Transportation and handling. The transportation and handling of hazardous materials shall comply with Sections 1805.3.4.1 through 1805.3.4.1 and other applicable provisions of this code.
1805.3.1 Corridors and exit enclosures. Corridors and exit enclosures in new buildings or serving new fabrication areas shall not contain HPM except as permitted for corridors by Section 415.8.6.3 of the California Building Code.
1805.3.2 Transport in existing corridors. When existing fabrication area are altered or modified in existing buildings, HPM is allowed to be transported in existing corridors when such corridors comply with the California Building Code. Transportation in corridors shall comply with Section 2703.10.
1805.3.3 Service corridors. When a new fabrication area is constructed, a service corridor shall be provided where it is necessary to transport HPM from a liquid storage room, HPM room, gas room or from the outside of a building to the perimeter wall of a fabrication area. Service corridors shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.
1805.3.4 Carts and trucks. Carts and trucks used to transport HPM in corridors and exit enclosures in existing buildings shall comply with Section 2703.10.3.
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
1901.1 Scope. The storage, manufacturing and processing of timber, lumber, plywood, veneers and byproducts shall be in accordance with this chapter.
1901.2 Permit. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
1902.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
COLD DECK. A pile of unfinished cut logs.
FINES. Small pieces or splinters of wood byproducts that will pass through a 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) screen.
HOGGED MATERIALS. Wood waste materials produced from the lumber production process.
PLYWOOD and VENEER MILLS. Facilities where raw wood products are processed into finished wood products, including waferboard, oriented standboard, fiberboard, composite wood panels and plywood.
RAW PRODUCT. A mixture of natural materials such as tree, brush trimmings, or waste logs and stumps.
STATIC PILES. Piles in which processed wood product is mounded and is not being turned or moved.
TIMBER and LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES. Facilities where raw wood products are processed into finished wood products.
1903.1 Open yards. Open yards required by the California Building Code shall be maintained around structures.
1903.2 Dust control. Equipment or machinery located inside buildings that generates or emits combustible dust shall be provided with an approved dust collection and exhaust system installed in accordance with Chapter 13 and the California Mechanical Code. Equipment or systems that are used to collect, process or convey combustible dusts shall be provided with an approved explosion control system.
1903.2.1 Explosion venting. Where a dust explosion hazard exists in equipment rooms, buildings or other enclosures, such areas shall be provided with explosion (deflagration) venting or an approved explosion suppression system complying with Section 911.
1903.3 Waste removal. Sawmills, planning mills and other woodworking plants shall be equipped with a waste removal system that will collect and remove sawdust and shavings. Such systems shall be installed in accordance with Chapter 13 and the California Mechanical Code.
Exception: Manual waste removal when approved.
1903.3.1 Housekeeping. Provisions shall be made for a systematic and through cleaning of the entire plant at sufficient intervals to prevent the accumulations of combustible dust and spilled combustible or flammable liquids.
1903.3.2 Metal scrap. Provision shall be made for separately collecting and disposing of any metal scrap so that such scrap will not enter the wood handling or processing equipment.
1903.4 Electrical equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment shall comply with the California Electrical Code.
1903.5 Control of ignition sources. Protection from ignition sources shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1903.5.1 through 1903.5.3.
1903.5.1 Cutting and welding. Cutting and welding shall comply with Chapter 26.
1903.5.2 Static electricity. Static electricity shall be prevented from accumulating on machines and equipment subject to static electricity buildup by permanent grounding and bonding wires or other approved means.
1903.5.3 Smoking. Where smoking constitutes a fire hazard, the fire code official is authorized to order the owner or occupant to post approved “No Smoking” signs complying with Section 310. The fire code official is authorized to designate specific locations where smoking is allowed.
1903.6 Fire apparatus access roads. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided for buildings and facilities in accordance with Section 503.
1903.7 Access plan. Where storage pile configurations could change because of changes in product operations and processing, the access plan shall be submitted for approval when required by the fire code official.
1904.1 General. Fire protection in timber and lumber production mills plywood and veneer mills shall comply with Sections 1904.2 through 1904.4.
2851904.2 Fire alarms. An approved means for transmitting alarms to the fire department shall be provided in timber and lumber production mills and plywood and veneer mills.
1904.2.1 Manual fire alarms. A manual fire alarm system complying with Section 907.2 shall be installed in areas of timber and lumber production mills and for plywood and veneer mills that contain product dryers.
Exception: Where dryers or other sources of ignition are protected by a supervised automatic sprinkler system complying with Section 903.
1904.3 Portable fire extinguishers or standpipes and hose. Portable fire extinguishers or standpipes and hose supplied from an approved water system shall be provided within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of travel distance to any machine producing shavings or sawdust. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Section 906 for extra-high hazards.
1904.4 Automatic sprinkler systems. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
1905.1 General. Plant operations of plywood, veneer and composite board mills shall comply with Sections 1905.2 and 1905.3.
1905.2 Dryer protection. Dryers shall be protected through-out by an approved, automatic deluge water-spray suppression system complying with Chapter 9. Deluge heads shall be inspected quarterly for pitch buildup. Deluge heads shall be flushed during regular maintenance for functional operation. Manual activation valves shall be located within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of the drying equipment.
1905.3 Thermal oil-heating systems. Facilities that use heat transfer fluids to provide process equipment heat through piped, indirect heating systems shall comply with this code and NFPA 664.
1906.1 General. Log storage areas shall comply with Sections 1906.2 through 1906.3.
1906.2 Cold decks. Cold decks shall not exceed 500 feet (152.4 m) in length, 300 feet (91 440 mm) in width and 20 feet (6096 mm) in height. Cold decks shall be separated from adjacent cold decks or other exposures by a minimum of 100 feet (30 480 mm).
Exception: The size of cold decks shall be determined by the fire code official where the decks are protected by special fire protection including, but not limited to, additional fire flow, portable turrets and deluge sets, and hydrant hose houses equipped with approved fire-fighting equipment capable of reaching the entire storage area in accordance with Chapter 9.
1906.3 End stops. Log and pole piles shall be stablized by approved means.
1907.1 General. The storage of wood chips and hogged materials associated with timber and lumber production facilities shall comply with Sections 1907.2 through 1907.5.
1907.2 Size of piles. Piles shall not exceed 60 feet (18 288 mm) in height, 300 feet (91 440 mm) in width and 500 feet (152 m) in length. Piles shall be separated from adjacent piles or other exposures by approved fire apparatus access roads.
Exception: The fire code official is authorized to allow the pile size to be increased when additional fire protection is provided in accordance with Chapter 9. The increase shall be based on the capabilities of the system installed.
1907.3 Pile fire protection. Automatic sprinkler protection shall be provided in conveyor tunnels and combustible enclosures that pass under a pile. Combustible or enclosed conveyor systems shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
1907.4 Material-handling equipment. Approved material-handling equipment shall be readily available for moving wood chips and hogged material.
1907.5 Emergency plan. The owner or operator shall develop a plan for monitoring, controlling and extinguishing spot fires. The plan shall be submitted to the fire code official for review and approval.
1908.1 General. The storage and processing of wood chips, hogged materials, fines, compost and raw product produced from yard waste, debris and recycling facilities shall comply with Sections 1908.2 through 1908.10.
1908.2 Storage site. Storage sites shall be level and on solid ground or other all-weather surface. Sites shall be thoroughly cleaned before transferring wood products to the site.
1908.3 Size of piles. Piles shall not exceed 25 feet (7620 mm) in height, 150 feet (45 720 mm) in width and 250 feet (76 200 mm) in length.
Exception: The fire code official is authorized to allow the pile size to be increased when additional fire protection is provided in accordance with Chapter 9. The increase shall be based upon the capabilities of the system installed.
1908.4 Pile separation. Piles shall be separated from adjacent piles by approved fire apparatus access roads.
2861908.5 Combustible waste. The storage, accumulation and handling of combustible materials and control of vegetation shall comply with Chapter 3.
1908.6 Static pile protection. Static piles shall be monitored by an approved means to measure temperatures within the static piles. Internal pile temperatures shall be monitored and recorded weekly. Records shall be kept on file at the facility and made available for inspection. An operational plan indicating procedures and schedules for the inspection, monitoring and restricting of excessive internal temperatures in static piles shall be submitted to the fire code official for review and approval.
1908.7 Pile fire protection. Automatic sprinkler protection shall be provided in convey or tunnels and combustible enclosures that pass under a pile. Combustible conveyor systems and enclosed conveyor systems shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
1908.8 Fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers complying with Section 906 and with a minimum rating of 4-A:60-B:C shall be provided on all vehicles and equipment operating on piles and at all processing equipment.
1908.9 Material-handling equipment. Approved material-handling equipment shall be available for moving wood chips, hogged material, wood fines and raw product during fire-fighting operations.
1908.10 Emergency plan. The owner or operator shall develop a plan for monitoring, controlling and extinguishing spot fires and submit the plan to the fire code official for review and approval.
1909.1 General. Exterior storage of finished lumber products shall comply with Sections 1909.1 through 1909.5.
1909.2 Size of piles. Exterior lumber storage shall be arranged to form stable piles with a maximum height of 20 feet (6096 mm). Piles shall not exceed 150,000 cubic feet (4248 m3) in volume.
1909.3 Fire apparatus access roads. Fire apparatus access roads in accordance with Section 503 shall be located so that a maximum grid system unit of 50 feet by 150 feet (15 240 mm by 45 720 mm) is established.
1909.4 Security. Permanent lumber storage areas shall be surrounded with an approved fence. Fences shall be a minimum of 6 feet (1829 mm) in height.
Exception: Lumber piles inside of buildings and production mills for lumber, plywood and veneer.
1909.5 Fire protection. An approved hydrant and hose system or portable fire-extinguishing equipment suitable for the fire hazard involved shall be provided for open storage yards. Hydrant and hose systems shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 24. Portable fire extinguishers complying with Section 906 shall be located so that the travel distance to the nearest unit does not exceed 75 feet (22 860 mm).
287 288Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
2001.1 Scope. Organic coating manufacturing processes shall comply with this chapter except that this chapter shall not apply to processes manufacturing nonflammable or water-thinned coatings or to operations applying coating materials.
2001.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
2001.3 Maintenance. Structures and their service equipment shall be maintained in accordance with this code and NFPA 35.
2002.1 Definition. The following word and term shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meaning shown herein.
ORGANIC COATING. A liquid mixture of binders such as alkyd, nitrocellulose, acrylic or oil, and flammable and combustible solvents such as hydrocarbon, ester, ketone or alcohol, which, when spread in a thin film, convert to a durable protective and decorative finish.
2003.1 Building features. Manufacturing of organic coatings shall be done only in buildings that do not have pits or basements.
2003.2 Location. Organic coating manufacturing operations and operations incidental to or connected with organic coating manufacturing shall not be located in buildings having other occupancies.
2003.3 Fire-fighting access. Organic coating manufacturing operations shall be accessible from at least one side for the purpose of fire control. Approved aisles shall be maintained for the unobstructed movement of personnel and fire suppression equipment.
2003.4 Fire protection systems. Fire protection systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with Chapter 9.
2003.5 Portable fire extinguishers. A minimum of one portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 for extra hazard shall be provided in organic coating areas.
2003.6 Open flames. Open flames and direct-fired heating devices shall be prohibited in areas where flammable vapor-air mixtures exist.
2003.7 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited in accordance with Section 310.
2003.8 Power equipment. Power-operated equipment and industrial trucks shall be of a type approved for the location.
2003.9 Tank maintenance. The cleaning of tanks and vessels that have contained flammable or combustible liquids shall be performed under the supervision of persons knowledgeable of the fire and explosion potential.
2003.9.1 Repairs. Where necessary to make repairs involving “hot work,” the work shall be authorized by the responsible individual before the work begins.
2003.9.2 Empty containers. Empty flammable or combustible liquid containers shall be removed to a detached, outside location and, if not cleaned on the premises, the empty containers shall be removed from the plant as soon as practical.
2003.10 Drainage. Drainage facilities shall be provided to direct flammable and combustible liquid leakage and fire protection water to an approved location away from the building, any other structure, storage area or adjoining premises.
2003.11 Alarm system. An approved fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.
2004.1 Wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment shall comply with this chapter and shall be installed in accordance with the California Electrical Code.
2004.2 Hazardous locations. Where Class I liquids are exposed to the air, the design of equipment and ventilation of structures shall be such as to limit the Class I, Division 1, locations to the following:
2004.2.1 Other locations. Locations within the confines of the manufacturing room where Class I liquids are handled shall be Class I, Division 2 except locations indicated in Section 2004.2.
2004.2.2 Ordinary equipment. Ordinary electrical equipment, including switchgear, shall be prohibited except where installed in a room maintained under positive pressure with respect to the hazardous area. The air or other media utilized for pressurization shall be obtained from a
291source that will not cause any amount or type of flammable vapor to be introduced into the room.
2004.3 Bonding. Equipment including, but not limited to, tanks, machinery and piping, shall be bonded and connected to a ground where an ignitable mixture is capable of being present.
2004.3.1 Piping. Electrically isolated sections of metallic piping or equipment shall be grounded or bonded to the other grounded portions of the system.
2004.3.2 Vehicles. Tank vehicles loaded or unloaded through open connections shall be grounded and bonded to the receiving system.
2004.3.3 Containers. Where a flammable mixture is transferred from one portable container to another, a bond shall be provided between the two containers, and one shall be grounded.
2004.4 Ground. Metal framing of buildings shall be grounded with resistance of not more than 5 ohms.
2005.1 Design. Process structures shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.
2005.2 Fire apparatus access. Fire apparatus access complying with Section 503 shall be provided for the purpose of fire control to at least one side of organic coating manufacturing operations.
2005.3 Drainage. Drainage facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 2003.10 where topographical conditions are such that flammable and combustible liquids are capable of flowing from the organic coating manufacturing operation so as to constitute a fire hazard to other premises.
2005.4 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in areas subject to potential deflagration hazards as indicated in NFPA 35. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with Section 911.
2005.5 Ventilation. Enclosed structures in which Class I liquids are processed or handled shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot (0.00508 m3/s.m2) of solid floor area. Ventilation shall be accomplished by exhaust fans that take suction at floor levels and discharge to a safe location outside the structure. Noncontaminated intake air shall be introduced in such a manner that all portions of solid floor areas are provided with continuous uniformly distributed air movement.
2005.6 Heating. Heating provided in hazardous areas shall be by indirect means. Ignition sources such as open flames or electrical heating elements, except as provided for in Section 2004, shall not be permitted within the structure.
2006.1 Mills. Mills, operating with close clearances, which process flammable and heat-sensitive materials, such as nitrocellulose, shall be located in a detached building or in a noncombustible structure without other occupancies. The amount of nitrocellulose or other flammable material brought into the area shall not be more than the amount required for a batch.
2006.2 Mixers. Mixers shall be of the enclosed type or, where of the open type, shall be provided with properly fitted covers. Where flow is by gravity, a shutoff valve shall be installed as close as practical to the mixer, and a control valve shall be provided near the end of the fill pipe.
2006.3 Open kettles. Open kettles shall be located in an outside area provided with a protective roof; in a separate structure of noncombustible construction; or separated from other areas by a noncombustible wall having a fire-resistance rating of at least 2 hours.
2006.4 Closed kettles. Contact-heated kettles containing solvents shall be equipped with safety devices that, in case of a fire, will turn off the process heat, turn on the cooling medium and inject inert gas into the kettle.
2006.4.1 Vaporizer location. The vaporizer section of heat-transfer systems that heat closed kettles containing solvents shall be remotely located.
2006.5 Kettle controls. The kettle and thin-down tank shall be instrumented, controlled and interlocked so that any failure of the controls will result in a safe condition. The kettle shall be provided with a pressure-rupture disc in addition to the primary vent. The vent piping from the rupture disc shall be of minimum length and shall discharge to an approved location. The thin-down tank shall be adequately vented. Thinning operations shall be provided with an adequate vapor removal system.
2007.1 Design. All piping, valves and fittings shall be designed for the working pressures and structural stresses to which the piping, valves and fittings will be subjected, and shall be of steel or other material approved for the service intended.
2007.2 Valves. Valves shall be of an indicating type. Terminal valves on remote pumping systems shall be of the dead-man type, shutting off both the pump and the flow of solvent.
2007.3 Support. Piping systems shall be supported adequately and protected against physical damage. Piping shall be pitched to avoid unintentional trapping of liquids, or approved drains shall be provided.
2007.4 Connectors. Approved flexible connectors shall be installed where vibration exists or frequent movement is necessary. Hose at dispensing stations shall be of an approved type.
2007.5 Tests. Before being placed in service, all piping shall be free of leaks when tested for a minimum of 30 minutes at not less than 1.5 times the working pressure or a minimum of 5 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (35 kPa) at the highest point in the system.
2922008.1 Nitrocellulose quantity. The amount of nitrocellulose brought into the operating area shall not exceed the amount required for a work shift. Nitrocellulose spillage shall be promptly swept up and disposed of properly.
2008.2 Organic peroxides quantity. Organic peroxides brought into the operating area shall be in the original shipping container. When in the operating area, the organic peroxide shall not be placed in locations exposed to ignition sources, heat or mechanical shocks.
2009.1 General. The storage, handling and use of flammable and combustible liquids in process areas shall be in accordance with Chapter 34.
2009.2 Tank storage. Tank storage for flammable and combustible liquids located inside of structures shall be limited to storage areas at or above grade which are separated from the processing area in accordance with the California Building Code. Processing equipment containing flammable and combustible liquids and storage in quantities essential to the continuity of the operations shall not be prohibited in the processing area.
2009.3 Tank Vehicle. Tank car and tank vehicle loading and unloading stations for Class I liquids shall be separated from the processing area, other plant structures, nearest lot line of property that can be built upon or public thoroughfare by a minimum clear distance of 25 feet (7620 mm).
2009.3.1 Loading. Loading and unloading structures and platforms for flammable and combustible liquids shall be designed and installed in accordance with Chapter 34.
2009.3.2 Safety. Tank cars for flammable liquids shall be unloaded such that the safety to persons and property is ensured. Tank vehicles for flammable and combustible liquids shall be loaded and unloaded in accordance with Chapter 34.
2009.4 Nitrocellulose storage. Nitrocellulose storage shall be located on a detached pad or in a separate structure or a room enclosed in accordance with the California Building Code. The nitrocellulose storage area shall not be utilized for any other purpose. Electrical wiring and equipment installed in storage areas adjacent to process areas shall comply with Section 2004.2.
2009.4.1 Containers. Nitrocellulose shall be stored in closed containers. Barrels shall be stored on end and not more than two tiers high. Barrels or other containers of nitrocellulose shall not be opened in the main storage structure but at the point of use or other location intended for that purpose.
2009.4.2 Spills. Spilled nitrocellulose shall be promptly wetted with water and disposed of by use or burning in the open at an approved detached location.
2009.5 Organic peroxide storage. The storage of organic peroxides shall be in accordance with Chapter 39.
2009.5.1 Size. The size of the package containing organic peroxide shall be selected so that, as nearly as practical, full packages are utilized at one time. Spilled peroxide shall be promptly cleaned up and disposed of as specified by the supplier.
2009.6 Finished products. Finished products that are flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored outside of structures, in a separate structure, or in a room separated from the processing area in accordance with the California Building Code. The storage of finished products shall be in tanks or closed containers in accordance with Chapter 34.
293 294Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
2106.3 | X |
2101.1 Scope. This chapter shall apply to the installation and operation of industrial ovens and furnaces. Industrial ovens and furnaces shall comply with the applicable provisions of NFPA 86, the California Mechanical Code and this chapter. The terms “ovens” and “furnaces” are used interchangeably in this chapter.
2101.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.6 and 105.7.
2102.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
FURNACE CLASS A. An oven or furnace that has heat utilization equipment operating at approximately atmospheric pressure wherein there is a potential explosion or fire hazard that could be occasioned by the presence of flammable volatiles or combustible materials processed or heated in the furnace.
Note: Such flammable volatiles or combustible materials can, for instance, originate from the following:
- Paints, powders, inks, and adhesives from finishing processes, such as dipped, coated, sprayed and impregnated materials.
- The substrate material.
- Wood, paper and plastic pallets, spacers or packaging materials.
- Polymerization or other molecular rearrangements.
Potentially flammable materials, such as quench oil, water-borne finishes, cooling oil or cooking oils, that present a hazard are ventilated according to Class A standards.
FURNACE CLASS B. An oven or furnace that has heat utilization equipment operating at approximately atmospheric pressure wherein there are no flammable volatiles or combustible materials being heated.
FURNACE CLASS C. An over or furnace that has a potential hazard due to a flammable or other special atmosphere being used for treatment of material in process. This type of furnace can use any type of heating system and includes a special atmosphere supply system. Also included in the Class C classification are integral quench furnaces and molten salt bath furnaces.
FURNACE CLASS D. An oven or furnace that operates at temperatures from above ambient to over 5,000°F (2760°C) and at pressures normally below atmospheric using any type of heating system. These furnaces can include the use of special processing atmospheres.
2103.1 Ventilation. Enclosed rooms or basements containing industrial ovens or furnaces shall be provided with combustion air in accordance with the California Mechanical Code, and with ventilation air in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
2103.2 Exposure. When locating ovens, oven heaters and related equipment, the possibility of fire resulting from over heating or from the escape of fuel gas or fuel oil and the possibility of damage to the building and injury to persons resulting from explosion shall be considered.
2103.3 Ignition source. Industrial ovens and furnaces shall be located so as not to pose an ignition hazard to flammable vapors or mists or combustible dusts.
2103.4 Temperatures. Roofs and floors of ovens shall be insulated and ventilated to prevent temperatures at combustible ceilings and floors from exceeding 160°F (71°C).
2104.1 Fuel-gas piping. Fuel-gas piping serving industrial ovens shall comply with the California Mechanical Code. Piping for other fuel sources shall comply with this section.
2104.2 Shutoff valves. Each industrial oven or furnace shall be provided with an approved manual fuel shutoff valve in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
2104.2.1 Fuel supply lines. Valves for fuel supply lines shall be located within 6 feet (1829 mm) of the appliance served.
Exception: When approved and the valve is located in the same general area as the appliance served.
2104.3 Valve position. The design of manual fuel shutoff valves shall incorporate a permanent feature which visually indicates the open or closed position of the valve. Manual fuel shutoff valves shall not be equipped with removable handless or wrenches unless the handle or wrench can only be installed parallel with the fuel line when the valve is in the open position.
2105.1 Shut down. Interlocks shall be provided for Class A ovens so that conveyors or sources of flammable or combustible materials shall shut down if either the exhaust or recirculation air supply fails.
2972106.1 Required protection. Class A and B ovens which contain, or are utilized for the processing of, combustible materials shall be protected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system complying with Chapter 9.
2106.2 Fixed fire-extinguishing systems. Fixed fire-extinguishing systems shall be provided for Class C or D ovens to protect against such hazards as overheating, spillage of molten salts or metals, quench tanks, ignition of hydraulic oil and escape of fuel. It shall be the user’s responsibility to consult with the fire code official concerning the necessary requirements for such protection.
2106.3 Fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers complying with Section 906 shall be provided not closer than 15 feet (4572 mm) or a maximum of 50 feet (15 240 mm). This shall apply to the oven and related equipment.
2107.1 Furnace system information. An approved, clearly worded, and prominently displayed safety design data form or manufacturer’s nameplate shall be provided stating the safe operating condition for which the furnace system was designed, built, altered or extended.
2107.2 Oven nameplate. Safety data for Class A solvent atmosphere ovens shall be furnished on the manufacturer’s nameplate. The nameplate shall provide the following design data:
Exception: For low-oxygen ovens, the maximum allowable oxygen concentration shall be included in place of the exhaust blower ratings.
2107.3 Training. Operating, maintenance and supervisory personnel shall be thoroughly instructed and trained in the operation of ovens or furnaces.
2107.4 Equipment maintenance. Equipment shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
298Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
2203.1.1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2206.7.6 | X |
2201.1 Scope. Automotive motor fuel-dispensing facilities, marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities, fleet vehicle motor fuel-dispensing facilities, aircraft motor-vehicle fuel-dispensing facilities and repair garages shall be in accordance with this chapter and the California Building Code, California Plumbing Code and California Mechanical Code. Such operations shall include both those that are accessible to the public and private operations.
2201.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
2201.3 Construction documents. Construction documents shall be submitted for review and approval prior to the installation or construction of automotive, marine or fleet vehicle motor fuel-dispensing facilities and repair garages in accordance with Section 105.4.
2201.4 Indoor motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Motor fuel-dispensing facilities located inside buildings shall comply with the California Building Code and NFPA 30A.
2201.4.1 Protection of floor openings in indoor motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Where motor fuel-dispensing facilities are located inside buildings and the dispensers are located above spaces within the building, openings beneath dispensers shall be sealed to prevent the flow of leaked fuel to lower building spaces.
2201.5 Electrical. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be suitable for the locations in which they are installed and shall comply with Section 605, NFPA 30A and the California Electrical Code.
2201.6 Heat-producing appliances. Heat-producing appliances shall be suitable for the locations in which they are installed and shall comply with NFPA 30A and the California Plumbing Code or the California Mechanical Code.
2202.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
AIRCRAFT MOTOR-VEHICLE FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. That portion of property where flammable or combustible liquids or gases used as motor fuels are stored and dispensed from fixed automotive-type equipment into the fuel tanks of aircraft.
ALCOHOL BLENDED FUELS. Alcohol blended fuels, including those containing 85-percent ethanol and 15-percent unleaded gasoline (E85), are flammable liquids consisting of ethanol or other alcohols blended greater than 15 percent by volume.
AUTOMOTIVE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. That portion of property where flammable or combustible liquids or gases used as motor fuels are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles.
DISPENSING DEVICE, OVERHEAD TYPE. A dispensing device that consists of one or more individual units intended for installation in conjunction with each other, mounted above a dispensing area typically within the motor fuel-dispensing facility canopy structure, and characterized by the use of an overhead hose reel.
FLEET VEHICLE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. That portion of a commercial, industrial, governmental or manufacturing property where liquids used as fuels are stored and dispensed into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles that are used in connection with such businesses, by persons within the employ of such businesses.
LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG). A fluid in the liquid state composed predominantly of methane and which may contain minor quantities of ethane, propane, nitrogen or other components normally found in natural gas.
MARINE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. That portion of property where flammable or combustible liquids or gases used as fuel for watercraft are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment on shore, piers, wharves, floats or barges into the fuel tanks of watercraft and shall include all other facilities used in connection therewith.
REPAIR GARAGE. A building, structure or portion thereof used for servicing or repairing motor vehicles.
SELF-SERVICE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. That portion of motor fuel-dispensing facility where liquid motor fuels are dispensed from fixed approved dispensing equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles by persons other than a motor fuel-dispensing facility attendant.
2203.1 Location of dispensing devices. Dispensing devices shall be located as follows:
Exception: Canopies constructed in accordance with the California Building Code providing weather protection for the fuel islands.
2203.1.1 Protection of dispensing devices. Where dispensing devices are mounted at grade, they shall be protected at each end with a minimum of two concrete filled steel posts, 6 inches (152 mm) in diameter, having a minimum 3 feet (914 mm) deep footing not less than 15 inches (38 mm) in diameter and projecting above grade at a minimum of 3 feet (914 mm) and be located not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) nor more than 5 feet (1524 mm) from fuel dispensers or point-of-sale devices, or equivalent means approved by the chief.
2203.2 Emergency disconnect switches. An approved, clearly identified and readily accessible emergency disconnect switch shall be provided at an approved location to stop the transfer of fuel to the fuel dispensers in the event of a fuel spill or other emergency. An emergency disconnect switch for exterior fuel dispensers shall be located within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of, but not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from, the fuel dispensers. For interior fuel-dispensing operations, the emergency disconnect switch shall be installed at an approved location. Such devices shall be distinctly labeled as: EMERGENCY FUEL SHUTOFF. Signs shall be provided in approved locations.
2204.1 Supervision of dispensing. The dispensing of fuel at motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be conducted by a qualified attendant or shall be under the supervision of a qualified attendant at all times or shall be in accordance with Section 2204.3.
2204.2 Attended self-service motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Attended self-service motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall comply with Sections 2204.2.1 through 2204.2.5. Attended self-service motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall have at least one qualified attendant on duty while the facility is open for business. The attendant’s primary function shall be to supervise, observe and control the dispensing of fuel. The attendant shall prevent the dispensing of fuel into containers that do not comply with Section 2204.4.1, control sources of ignition, give immediate attention to accidental spills or releases, and be prepared to use fire extinguishers.
2204.2.1 Special-type dispensers. Approved special-dispensing devices and systems such as, but not limited to, card-or coin-operated and remote-preset types, are allowed at motor fuel-dispensing facilities provided there is at least one qualified attendant on duty while the facility is open to the public. Remote preset-type devices shall be set in the “off” position while not in use so that the dispenser cannot be activated without the knowledge of the attendant.
2204.2.2 Emergency controls. Approved emergency controls shall be provided in accordance with Section 2203.2.
2204.2.3 Operating instructions. Dispenser operating instructions shall be conspicuously posted in approved locations on every dispenser.
2204.2.4 Obstructions to view. Dispensing devices shall be in clear view of the attendant at all times. Obstructions shall not be placed between the dispensing area and the attendant.
2204.2.5 Communications. The attendant shall be able to communicate with persons in the dispensing area at all times. An approved method of communicating with the fire department shall be provided for the attendant.
2204.3 Unattended self-service motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Un attended self-service motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall comply with Sections 2204.3.1 through 2204.3.7.
2204.3.1 General. Where approved, unattended self-service motor fuel-dispensing facilities are allowed. As a condition of approval, the owner or operator shall provide, and be accountable for, daily site visits, regular equipment inspection and maintenance.
2204.3.2 Dispensers. Dispensing devices shall comply with Section 2206.7. Dispensing devices operated by the insertion of coins or currency shall not be used unless approved.
2204.3.3 Emergency controls. Approved emergency controls shall be provided in accordance with Section 2203.2. Emergency controls shall be of a type which is only manually resettable.
2204.3.4 Operating instructions. Dispenser operating instructions shall be conspicuously posted in approved locations on every dispenser and shall indicate the location of the emergency controls required by Section 2204.3.3.
2204.3.5 Emergency procedures. An approved emergency procedures sign, in addition to the signs required by Section 2205.6, shall be posted in a conspicuous location and shall read:
IN CASE OF FIRE, SPILL OR RELEASE
FIRE DEPARTMENT TELEPHONE NO.________
FACILITY ADDRESS_______________________
2204.3.6 Communications. A telephone not requiring a coin to operate or other approved, clearly identified means to notify the fire department shall be provided on the site in a location approved by the fire code official.
2204.3.7 Quantity limits. Dispensing equipment used at unsupervised locations shall comply with one of the following:
2204.4 Dispensing into portable containers. The dispensing of flammable or combustible liquids into portable approved containers shall comply with Sections 2204.4.1 through 2204.4.3.
2204.4.1 Approved containers required. Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall not be dispensed into a portable container unless such container does not exceed a 6-gallon (22.7 L) capacity, is listed of approved material and construction, and has a tight closure with a screwed or spring-loaded cover so designed that the contents can be dispensed without spilling. Liquids shall not be dispensed into portable or cargo tanks.
2204.4.2 Nozzle operation. A hose nozzle value used for dispensing Class I liquids into a portable container shall be in compliance with Section 2206.7.6 and be manually held open during the dispensing operation.
2204.4.3 Location of containers being filled. Portable containers shall not be filled while located inside the trunk, passenger compartment or truck bed of a vehicle.
2205.1 Tank filling operations for Class I, II or IIIA liquids. Delivery operations to tanks for Class I, II or IIIA liquids shall comply with Sections 2205.1.1 through 2205.1.3 and the applicable requirements of Chapter 34.
2205.1.1 Delivery vehicle location. Where liquid delivery to above-ground storage tanks is accomplished by positive-pressure operation, tank vehicles shall be positioned a minimum of 25 feet (7620 mm) from tanks receiving Class I liquids and 15 feet (4572 mm) from tanks receiving Class II and IIIA liquids.
2205.1.2 Tank capacity calculation. The driver, operator or attendant of a tank vehicle shall, before making delivery to a tank, determine the unfilled, available capacity of such tank by an approved gauging device.
2205.1.3 Tank fill connections. Delivery of flammable liquids to tanks more than 1,000 gallons (3785 L) in capacity shall be made by means of approved liquid-and vapor-tight connections between the delivery hose and tank fill pipe. Where tanks are equipped with any type of vapor recovery system, all connections required to be made for the safe and proper functioning of the particular vapor recovery process shall be made. Such connections shall be made liquid and vapor tight and remain connected throughout the unloading process. Vapors shall not be discharged at grade level during delivery.
2205.2 Equipment maintenance and inspection. Motor fuel-dispensing facility equipment shall be maintained in proper working order at all times in accordance with Sections 2205.2.1 through 2205.2.5.
2205.2.1 Inspections. Flammable and combustible liquid fuel-dispensing and containment equipment shall be periodically inspected where required by the fire code official to verify that it is in proper working order and not subject to leakage.
2205.2.2 Repairs and service. The fire code official is authorized to require damaged or unsafe containment and dispensing equipment to be repaired or serviced in an approved manner including, but not limited to, equipment that shows signs of physical damage, internal and external corrosion, leakage, brittleness, aging or undue wear and tear.
2205.2.3 Dispensing devices. Where maintenance to Class I liquid dispensing devices becomes necessary and such maintenance could allow the accidental release or ignition of liquid, the following precautions shall be taken before such maintenance is begun:
2205.2.4 Emergency shutoff valves. Automatic emergency shutoff valves required by Section 2206.7.4 shall be checked not less than once per year by manually tripping the hold-open linkage.
2205.2.5 Leak detectors. Leak detection devices required by Section 2206.7.7.1 shall be checked and tested at least annually in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications to ensure proper installation and operation.
2205.3 Spill control. Provisions shall be made to prevent liquids spilled during dispensing operations from flowing into buildings. Acceptable methods include, but shall not be limited to, grading driveways, raising doorsills or other approved means.
2205.4 Sources of ignition. Smoking and open flames shall be prohibited in areas where fuel is dispensed. The engines of vehicles being fueled shall be shut off during fueling. Electrical equipment shall be in accordance with the California Electrical Code.
2205.5 Fire extinguishers. Approved portable fire extinguishers complying with Section 906 with a minimum rating of 2-A:20-B:C shall be provided and located such that an extinguisher is not more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) from pumps, dispensers or storage tank fill-pipe openings.
2205.6 Warning signs. Warning signs shall be conspicuously posted within sight of each dispenser in the fuel-dispensing area and shall state the following:
2205.7 Control of brush and debris. Fenced and diked areas surrounding above-ground tanks shall be kept free from vegetation, debris and other material that is not necessary to the proper operation of the tank and piping system.
Weeds, grass, brush, trash and other combustible materials shall be kept not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from fuel-handling equipment.
2206.1 General. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Chapter 34 and Sections 2206.2 through 2206.6.3.
2206.2 Method of storage. Approved methods of storage for Class I, II and IIIA liquid fuels at motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be in accordance with Sections 2206.2.1 through 2206.2.5
2206.2.1 Underground tanks. Underground tanks for the storage of Class I, II and IIIA liquid fuels shall comply with Chapter 34.
2206.2.1.1 Inventory control for underground tanks. Accurate daily inventory records shall be maintained and reconciled on underground fuel storage tanks for indication of possible leakage from tanks and piping. The records shall be kept at the premises or made available for inspection by the fire code official within 24 hours of a written or verbal request and shall include records for each product showing daily reconciliation between sales, use, receipts and inventory on hand. Where there is more than one system consisting of tanks serving separate pumps or dispensers for a product, the reconciliation shall be ascertained separately for each tank system. A consistent or accidental loss of product shall be immediately reported to the fire code official.
2206.2.2 Above-ground tanks located inside buildings. Above-ground tanks for the storage of Class I, II and IIIA liquid fuels are allowed to be located in buildings. Such tanks shall be located in special enclosures complying with Sections 2206.2.6, in a liquid storage room or a liquid storage warehouse complying with Chapter 34, or shall be listed and labeled as protected above-ground tanks.
2206.2.3 Above-ground tanks located outside, above grade. Above-ground tanks shall not be used for the storage of Class I, II or IIIA liquid motor fuels except as provided by this section.
2206.2.4 Above-ground tanks located in above-grade vaults or below-grade vaults. Above-ground tanks used for storage of Class I, II or IIIA liquid motor fuels are allowed to be installed in vaults located above grade or below grade in accordance with Section 3404.2.8 and shall comply with Sections 2206.2.4.1 and 2206.2.4.2. Tanks in above-grade vaults shall also comply with Table 2206.2.3.
2206.2.4.1 Tank capacity limits. Tanks storing Class I and Class II liquids at an individual site shall be limited to a maximum individual capacity of 15,000 gallons (56 775 L) and an aggregate capacity of 48,000 gallons (181 680 L).
2206.2.4.2 Fleet vehicle motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Tanks storing Class II and Class IIIA liquids at a fleet vehicle motor fuel-dispensing facility shall be limited to a maximum individual capacity of 20,000 gallons (75 700 L) and an aggregate capacity of 80,000 gallons (302 800 L).
2206.2.5 Portable tanks. Where approved by the fire code official, portable tanks are allowed to be temporarily used in conjunction with the dispensing of Class I, II or IIIA liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles or motorized equipment on premises not normally accessible to the public. The approval shall include a definite time limit.
304CLASS OF LIQUID AND TANK TYPE | INDIVIDUAL TANK CAPACITY (gallons) | MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT BUILDING ON SAME PROPERTY (feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM NEAREST FUEL DISPENSER (feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM LOT LINE THAT IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON, INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY (feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY PUBLIC WAY (feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN TANKS (feet) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. | ||||||
a. At fleet vehicle motor fuel-dispensing facilities, no minimum separation distance is required. | ||||||
b. Underground vaults shall be located such that they will not be subject to loading from nearby structures, or they shall be designed to accommodate applied loads from existing or future structures that can be built nearby. | ||||||
Class I protected above-ground tanks | Less than or equal to 6,000 | 5 | 25a | 15 | 5 | 3 |
Greater than 6,000 | 15 | 25a | 25 | 15 | 3 | |
Class II and III protected above-ground tanks | Same as Class I | Same as Class I | Same Class I | Same as Class I | Same as Class I | Same as Class I |
Tanks in vaults | 0-20,000 | 0b | 0 | 0b | 0 | Separate compartment required for each tank |
Other tanks | All | 50 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 3 |
2206.2.6 Special enclosures. Where installation of tanks in accordance with Section 3404.2.11 is impractical, or because of property or building limitations, tanks for liquid motor fuels are allowed to be installed in buildings in special enclosures in accordance with all of the following:
2206.3 Security. Above-ground tanks for the storage of liquid motor fuels shall be safeguarded from public access or unauthorized entry in an approved manner.
2206.4 Physical protection. Guard posts complying with Section 312 or other approved means shall be provided to protect above-ground tanks against impact by a motor vehicle unless the tank is listed as a protected above-ground tank with vehicle impact protection.
2206.5 Secondary containment. Above-ground tanks shall be provided with drainage control or diking in accordance with Chapter 34. Drainage control and diking is not required for listed secondary containment tanks. Secondary containment systems shall be monitored either visually or automatically. Enclosed secondary containment systems shall be provided with emergency venting in accordance with Section 2206.6.2.5.
2206.6 Piping, valves, fittings and ancillary equipment for use with flammable or combustible liquids. The design, fabrication, assembly, testing and inspection of piping, valves, fittings and ancillary equipment for use with flammable or combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Chapter 34 and Sections 2206.6.1 through 2206.6.3.
2206.6.1 Protection from damage. Piping shall be located such that it is protected from physical damage.
2206.6.2 Piping, valves, fittings and ancillary equipment for above-ground tanks for Class I, II and IIIA liquids. Piping, valves, fittings and ancillary equipment for above-ground tanks shall comply with Sections 2206.6.2.1 through 2206.6.2.6.
2206.6.2.1 Tank openings. Tank openings for above-ground tanks shall be through the top only.
2206.6.2.2 Fill-pipe connections. The fill pipe for above-ground tanks shall be provided with a means for making a direct connection to the tank vehicle’s
305fuel-delivery hose so that the delivery of fuel is not exposed to the open air during the filling operation. Where any portion of the fill pipe exterior to the tank extends below the level of the top of the tank, a check valve shall be installed in the fill pipe not more than 12 inches (305 mm) from the fill-hose connection.
2206.6.2.3 Overfill protection. Overfill protection shall be provided for above-ground flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks in accordance with Sections 3404.2.7.5.8 and 3404.2.9.7.6.
2206.6.2.4 Siphon prevention. An approved antisiphon method shall be provided in the piping system to prevent flow of liquid by siphon action.
2206.6.2.5 Emergency relief venting. Above-ground storage tanks, tank compartments and enclosed secondary containment spaces shall be provided with emergency relief venting in accordance with Chapter 34.
2206.6.2.6 Spill containers. A spill container having a capacity of not less than 5 gallons (19 L) shall be provided for each fill connection. For tanks with a top fill connection, spill containers shall be noncombustible and shall be fixed to the tank and equipped with a manual drain valve that drains into the primary tank. For tanks with a remote fill connection, a portable spill container is allowed.
2206.6.3 Piping, valves, fittings and ancillary equipment for underground tanks. Piping, valves, fittings and ancillary equipment for underground tanks shall comply with Chapter 34 and NFPA 30A.
2206.7 Fuel-dispensing systems for flammable or combustible liquids. The design, fabrication and installation of fuel-dispensing systems for flammable or combustible liquid fuels shall be in accordance with Sections 2206.7.1 through 2206.7.9.2.4. Alcohol blended fuel-dispensing systems shall also comply with Section 2206.8.
2206.7.1 Listed equipment. Electrical equipment, dispensers, hose, nozzles and submersible or subsurface pumps used in fuel-dispensing systems shall be listed.
2206.7.2 Fixed pumps required. Class I and II liquids shall be transferred from tanks by means of fixed pumps designed and equipped to allow control of the flow and prevent leak-age or accidental discharge.
2206.7.3 Mounting of dispensers. Dispensing devices, except those installed on top of a protected above-ground tank that qualities as vehicle-impact resistant, shall be protected against physical damage by mounting on a concrete island 6 inches (152 mm) or more in height, or shall be protected in accordance with Section 312. Dispensing devices shall be installed and securely fastened to their mounting surface in accordance with the dispenser manufacturer's instructions. Dispensing devices installed indoors shall be located in an approved position where they cannot be struck by an out-of-control vehicle descending a ramp or other slope.
2206.7.4 Dispenser emergency shutoff valve. An approved automatic emergency shutoff valve designed to close in the event of a fire or impact shall be properly installed in the liquid supply line at the base of each dispenser supplied by a remote pump. The valve shall be installed so that the shear groove is flush with or within ½ inch (12.7 mm) of the top of the concrete dispenser island and there is clearance provided for maintenance purposes around the valve body and operating parts. The valve shall be installed at the liquid supply line inlet of each over-head-type dispenser. Where installed, a vapor return line located inside the dispenser housing shall have a shear section or approved flexible connector for the liquid supply line emergency shutoff valve of function. Emergency shutoff valves shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, tested at the time of initial installation and at least yearly thereafter in accordance with Section 2205.2.4.
2206.7.5 Dispenser hose. Dispenser hoses shall be a maximum of 18 feet (5486 mm) in length unless otherwise approved. Dispenser hoses shall be listed and approved. When not in use, hoses shall be reeled, racked or otherwise protected from damage.
2206.7.5.1 Emergency breakaway devices. Dispenser hoses for Class I and II liquids shall be equipped with a listed emergency breakaway device designed to retain liquid on both sides of a breakaway point. Such devices shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Where hoses are attached to hose-retrieving mechanisms, the emergency breakaway device shall be located between the hose nozzle and the point of attachment of the hose-retrieval mechanism to the hose.
2206.7.6 Fuel delivery nozzles. A listed automatic-closing-type hose nozzle valve with a latch-open device shall be provided on island-type dispensers used for dispensing Class I, II or IIIA liquids.
Overhead-type dispensing units shall be provided with a listed automatic-closing-type hose nozzle valve with a latch-open device. The design of the system shall be such that the hose nozzle valve will close automatically in the event the valve is released from a fill opening or upon impact with a driveway.
Any latch-open device determined to be inoperative by the fire code official shall be repaired or replaced, within 48 hours after notification.
2206.7.6.1 Special requirements for nozzles. Where dispensing of Class I, II or IIIA liquids is performed, a listed automatic-closing-type hose nozzle valve shall be used incorporating all of the following features:
Exception: Vapor recovery nozzles incorporating insertion interlock devices designed to 306 achieve shutoff on disconnect from the vehicle fill pipe.
2206.7.7 Remote pumping systems. Remote pumping systems for liquid fuels shall comply with Sections 2206.7.7.1 and 2206.7.7.2.
2206.7.7.1 Leak detection. Where remote pumps are used to supply fuel dispensers, each pump shall have installed on the discharge side a listed leak detection device that will detect a leak in the piping and dispensers and provide an indication. A leak detection device is not required if the piping from the pump discharge to under the dispenser is above ground and visible.
2206.7.7.2 Location. Remote pumps installed above grade, outside of buildings, shall be located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from lines of adjoining property that can be built upon and not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) from any building opening. Where an outside pump location is impractical, pumps are permitted to be installed inside buildings as provided for dispensers in Section 2201.4 and Chapter 34. Pumps shall be substantially anchored and protected against physical damage.
2206.7.8 Gravity and pressure dispensing. Flammable liquids shall not be dispensed by gravity from tanks, drums, barrels or similar containers. Flammable or combustible liquids shall not be dispensed by a device operating through pressure with in a storage tank, drum or container.
2206.7.9 Vapor-recovery and vapor-processing systems. Vapor-recovery and vapor-processing systems shall be in accordance with Sections 2206.7.9.1 through 2206.7.9.2.4.
2206.7.9.1 Vapor-balance systems. Vapor-balance systems shall comply with Sections 2206.7.9.1.1 through 2206.7.9.1.5.
2206.7.9.1.1 Dispensing devices. Dispensing devices incorporating provisions for vapor recovery shall be listed and labeled. When existing listed or labeled dispensing devices are modified for vapor recovery, such modifications shall be listed by report by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. The listing by report shall contain a description of the component parts used in the modification and recommended method of installation on specific dispensers. Such report shall be made available on request of the fire code official.
Means shall be provided to shut down fuel dispensing in the event the vapor return line becomes blocked.
2206.7.9.1.2 Vapor-return line closeoff. An acceptable method shall be provided to close off the vapor return line from dispensers when the product is not being dispensed.
2206.7.9.1.3 Piping. Piping in vapor-balance systems shall be in accordance with Sections 3403.6, 3404.2.9 and 3404.2.11. Nonmetallic piping shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Existing and new vent piping shall be in accordance with Sections 3403.6 and 3404.2. Vapor return piping shall be installed in a manner that drains back to the tank, without sags or traps in which liquid can become trapped. If necessary, because of grade, condensate tanks are allowed in vapor return piping. Condensate tanks shall be designed and installed so that they can be drained without opening.
2206.7.9.1.4 Flexible joints and shear joints. Flexible joints shall be installed in accordance with Section 3403.6.9.
An approved shear joint shall be rigidly mounted and connected by a union in the vapor return piping at the base of each dispensing device. The shear joint shall be mounted flush with the top of the surface on which the dispenser is mounted.
2206.7.9.1.5 Testing. Vapor return lines and vent piping shall be tested in accordance with Section 3403.6.3.
2206.7.9.2 Vapor-processing systems. Vapor-processing systems shall comply with Sections 2206.7.9.2.1 through 2206.7.9.2.4.
2206.7.9.2.1 Equipment. Equipment in vapor-processing systems, including hose nozzle valves, vapor pumps, flame arresters, fire checks or systems for prevention of flame propagation, controls and vapor-processing equipment, shall be individually listed for the intended use in a specified manner.
Vapor-processing systems that introduce air into the underground piping or storage tanks shall be provided with equipment for prevention of flame propagation that has been tested and listed as suitable for the intended use.
2206.7.9.2.2 Location. Vapor-processing equipment shall be located at or above grade. Sources of ignition shall be located not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from fuel-transfer areas and not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above tank fill openings and tops of dispenser islands. Vapor-processing units shall be located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from the nearest building or lot line of a property which can be built upon.
Exception: Where the required distances to buildings, lot lines or fuel-transfer areas cannot be obtained, means shall be provided to protect equipment against fire exposure. Acceptable means shall include but not be limited to:
Vapor-processing equipment shall be located a minimum of 20 feet (6096 mm) from dispensing devices. Processing equipment shall be protected against physical damage by guardrails, curbs, protective enclosures or fencing. Where approved protective enclosures are used, approved means shall be provided to ventilate the volume with in the enclosure to prevent pocketing of flammable vapors.
Where a downslope exists toward the location of the vapor-processing unit from a fuel-transfer area, the fire code official is authorized to require additional separation by distance and height.
2206.7.9.2.3 Installation. Vapor-processing units shall be securely mounted on concrete, masonry or structural steel supports on concrete or other noncombustible foundations. Vapor-recovery and vapor-processing equipment is allowed to be installed on roofs when approved.
2206.7.9.2.4 Piping. Piping in a mechanical-assist system shall be in accordance with Sections 3403.6.
2206.8 Alcohol blended fuel-dispensing operations. The design, fabrication and installation of alcohol blended fuel-dispensing systems shall also be in accordance with Section 2206.7 and Sections 2206.8.1 through 2206.8.5.
2206.8.1 Approval of equipment. Dispensers, hoses, nozzles, breakaway fittings, swivels, flexible connectors or dispenser emergency shutoff valves, vapor recovery systems and pumps used in alcohol blended fuel-dispensing systems shall be listed or approved for the specific purpose.
2206.8.2 Change of system contents. Fuel-dispensing systems subject to change in contents from gasoline to alcohol blended fuels shall be subject to fire code official review and approval prior to commencing dispensing operations.
2206.8.3 Facility identification. Facilities dispensing alcohol blended fuels shall be identified by an approved means.
2206.8.4 Marking. Dispensers shall be marked in an approved manner to identify the types of alcohol blended fuels to be dispensed.
2206.8.5 Maintenance and inspection. Equipment shall be maintained and inspected in accordance with Section 2205.2.
2207.1 General. Motor fuel-dispensing facilities for liquefied petroleum gas (LP-gas) fuel shall be in accordance with this section and Chapter 38.
2207.2 Approvals. Storage vessels and equipment used for the storage or dispensing of LP-gas shall be approved or listed in accordance with Sections 2207.2.1 and 2207.2.2.
2207.2.1 Approved equipment. Containers, pressure relief devices (including pressure relief valves), pressure regulators and piping for LP-gas shall be approved.
2207.2.2 Listed equipment. Hoses, hose connections, vehicle fuel connections, dispensers, LP-gas pumps and electrical equipment used for LP-gas shall be listed.
2207.3 Attendants. Motor fuel-dispensing operations for LP-gas shall be conducted by qualified attendants or in accordance with Section 2207.6 by persons trained in the proper handling of LP-gas.
2207.4 Location of dispensing operations and equipment. In addition to the requirements of Section 2206.7, the point of transfer for LP-gas dispensing operations shall be 25 feet (7620 mm) or more from buildings having combustible exterior wall surfaces, buildings having noncombustible exterior wall surfaces, that are not part of a 1-hour fire-resistance-rated assembly, or buildings having combustible overhangs, lot lines of property which could be built on, public streets, or sidewalks and railroads; and at least 10 feet (3048 mm) from driveways and buildings having noncombustible exterior wall surfaces that are part of a fire-resistance-rated assembly having a rating of 1 hour or more.
Exception: The point of transfer for LP-gas dispensing operations need not be separated from canopies that are constructed in accordance with the California Building Code and which provide weather protection for the dispensing equipment.
LP-gas containers shall be located in accordance with Chapter 38. LP-gas storage and dispensing equipment shall be located outdoors and in accordance with Section 2206.7.
2207.5 Installation of LP-gas dispensing devices and equipment. The installation and operation of LP-gas dispensing systems shall be in accordance with Sections 2207.5.1 through 2207.5.3 and Chapter 38. LP-gas dispensers and dispensing stations shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications and their listing.
2207.5.1 Valves. A manual shutoff valve and an excess flow-control check valve shall be located in the liquid line between the pump and the dispenser inlet where the dispensing device is installed at a remote location and is not part of a complete storage and dispensing unit mounted on a common base.
An excess flow-control check valve or an emergency shutoff valve shall be installed in or on the dispenser at the point at which the dispenser hose is connected to the liquid piping. A differential backpressure valve shall be considered equivalent protection.
A listed shutoff valve shall be located at the discharge end of the transfer hose.
2207.5.2 Hoses. Hoses and piping for the dispensing of LP-gas shall be provided with hydrostatic relief valves. The hose length shall not exceed 18 feet (5486 mm). An
308approved method shall be provided to protect the hose against mechanical damage.
2207.5.3 Vehicle impact protection. Vehicle impact protection for LP-gas storage containers, pumps and dispensers shall be provided in accordance with Section 2206.4.
2207.6 Private fueling of motor vehicles. Self-service LP-gas dispensing systems, including key, code and card lock dispensing systems, shall not be open to the public and shall be limited to the filling of permanently mounted fuel containers on LP-gas powered vehicles.
In addition to the requirements of Sections 2205 and 2206.7, self-service LP-gas dispensing systems shall be in accordance with the following:
2207.7 Overfilling. LP-gas containers shall not be filled in excess of the fixed outage installed by the manufacturer or the weight stamped on the tank.
2208.1 General. Motor fuel-dispensing facilities for compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel shall be in accordance with this section and Chapter 30.
2208.2 Approvals. Storage vessels and equipment used for the storage, compression or dispensing of CNG shall be approved or listed in accordance with Sections 2208.2.1 and 2208.2.2.
2208.2.1 Approved equipment. Containers, compressors, pressure relief devices (including pressure relief valves), and pressure regulators and piping used for CNG shall be approved.
2208.2.2 Listed equipment. Hoses, hose connections, dispensers, gas detection systems and electrical equipment used for CNG shall be listed. Vehicle-fueling connections shall be listed and labeled.
2208.3 Location of dispensing operations and equipment. Compression, storage and dispensing equipment shall be located above ground, outside.
Exceptions:
- Compression, storage or dispensing equipment shall be allowed in buildings of noncombustible construction, as set forth in the California Building Code, which are unenclosed for three-quarters or more of the perimeter.
- Compression, storage and dispensing equipment shall be allowed indoors or in vaults in accordance with Chapter 30.
2208.3.1 Location on property. In addition to the requirements of Section 2203.1, compression, storage and dispensing equipment not located in vaults complying with Chapter 30 shall be installed as follows:
Exception: Dispensing equipment need not be separated from canopies that are constructed in accordance with the California Building Code and that provide weather protection for the dispensing equipment.
2208.4 Private fueling of motor vehicles. Self-service CNG-dispensing systems, including key, code and card lock dispensing systems, shall be limited to the filling of permanently mounted fuel containers on CNG-powered vehicles.
In addition to the requirements in Section 2205, the owner of a self-service CNG motor fuel-dispensing facility shall ensure the safe operation of the system and the training of users.
2208.5 Pressure regulators. Pressure regulators shall be designed and installed or protected so that their operation will not be affected by the elements (freezing rain, sleet, snow or ice), mud or debris. The protection is allowed to be an integral part of the regulator.
2208.6 Valves. Gas piping to equipment shall be provided with a remote, readily accessible manual shutoff valve.
2208.7 Emergency shutdown control. An emergency shutdown control shall be located within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of, but not less than 25 feet (7620 mm) from, dispensers and shall also be provided in the compressor area. Upon activation, the emergency shutdown system shall automatically shut off the power supply to the compressor and close valves between the main gas supply and the compressor and between the storage containers and dispensers.
2208.8 Discharge of CNG from motor vehicle fuel storage containers. The discharge of CNG from motor vehicle fuel cylinders for the purposes of maintenance, cylinder certification, calibration of dispensers or other activities shall be in accordance with Sections 2208.8.1 through 2208.8.1.2.6.
2208.8.1 Methods of discharge. The discharge of CNG from motor vehicle fuel cylinders shall be accomplished through a closed transfer system in accordance with Section 2208.8.1.1 or an approved method of atmospheric venting in accordance with Section 2208.8.1.2.
2208.8.1.1 Closed transfer system. A documented procedure that explains the logical sequence for discharging the cylinder shall be provided to the fire code official for review and approval. The procedure shall include what
309actions the operator will take in the event of a low-pressure or high-pressure natural gas release during the discharging activity. A drawing illustrating the arrangement of piping, regulators and equipment settings shall be provided to the fire code official for review and approval. The drawing shall illustrate the piping and regulator arrangement and shall be shown in spatial relation to the location of the compressor, storage vessels and emergency shutdown devices.
2208.8.1.2 Atmospheric venting. Atmospheric venting of CNG shall comply with Sections 2208.8.1.2.1 through 2208.8.1.2.6.
2208.8.1.2.1 Plans and specifications. A drawing illustrating the location of the vessel support, piping, the method of grounding and bonding, and other requirements specified herein shall be provided to the fire code official for review and approval.
2208.8.1.2.2 Cylinder stability. A method of rigidly supporting the vessel during the venting of CNG shall be provided. The selected method shall provide not less than two points of support and shall prevent the horizontal and lateral movement of the vessel. The system shall be designed to prevent the movement of the vessel based on the highest gas-release velocity through valve orifices at the vessel's rated pressure and volume. The structure or appurtenance shall be constructed of noncombustible materials.
2208.8.1.2.3 Separation. The structure or appurtenance used for stabilizing the cylinder shall be separated from the site equipment, features and exposures and shall be located in accordance with Table 2208.8.1.2.3.
EQUIPMENT OR FEATURE | MINIMUM SEPARATION (feet) |
---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | |
Buildings | 25 |
Building openings | 25 |
CNG compressor and storage vessels | 25 |
CNG dispensers | 25 |
Lot lines | 15 |
Public ways | 15 |
Vehicles | 25 |
2208.8.1.2.4 Grounding and bonding. The structure or appurtenance used for supporting the cylinder shall be grounded in accordance with the California Electrical Code. The cylinder valve shall be bonded prior to the commencement of venting operations.
2208.8.1.2.5 Vent tube. A vent tube that will divert the gas flow to atmosphere shall be installed on the cylinder prior to commencement of the venting and purging operation. The vent tube shall be constructed of pipe or tubing materials approved for use with CNG in accordance with Chapter 30.
The vent tube shall be capable of dispersing the gas a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) above grade level. The vent tube shall not be provided with a rain cap or other feature which would limit or obstruct the gas flow.
At the connection fitting of the vent tube and the CNG cylinder, a listed bidirectional detonation flame arrester shall be provided.
2208.8.1.2.6 Signage. Approved “No Smoking” signs complying with Section 310 shall be posted within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the cylinder support structure or appurtenance. Approved CYLINDER SHALL BE BONDED signs shall be posted on the cylinder support structure or appurtenance.
2209.1 General. Hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing and generation facilities shall be in accordance with this section and Chapter 35. Where a fuel-dispensing facility also includes a repair garage, the repair operation shall comply with Section 2211.
2209.2 Equipment. Equipment used for the generation, compression, storage or dispensing of hydrogen shall be designed for the specific application in accordance with Sections 2209.2.1 through 2209.2.3.
2209.2.1 Approved equipment. Cylinders, containers and tanks; pressure relief devices, including pressure valves; hydrogen vaporizers; pressure regulators; and piping used for gaseous hydrogen systems shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 3003, 3203 or NFPA 55.
2209.2.2 Listed equipment. Hoses, hose connections, compressors, hydrogen generators, dispensers, detection systems and electrical equipment used for hydrogen shall be listed for use with hydrogen. Hydrogen motor fueling connections shall be listed and labeled for use with hydrogen.
2209.2.3 Electrical equipment. Electrical installations shall be in accordance with the California Electrical Code.
2209.3 Location on property. In addition to the requirements of Section 2203.1, generation, compression, storage and dispensing equipment shall be located in accordance with Sections 2209.3.1 through 2209.3.3.
2209.3.1 Separation from outdoor exposure hazards. Generation, compression and dispensing equipment shall be separated from other fuels or equivalent risks to life, safety and buildings or public areas in accordance with Table 2209.3.1.
Exception: Closed systems with a hydrogen capacity of 3,000 cubic feet (85 m3) or less at NTP.
2209.3.1.1 Barrier wall construction—gaseous hydrogen. The outdoor separation shall be allowed to be reduced to 5 feet (1524 mm) where a 2-hour fire barrier interrupts the line of sight between equipment, other than dispensers, and the exposure within the radial distance as
310indicated by the tabular value. The height of the barrier shall be a minimum of a feet (1829 mm), but not less than 1.5 times the height of the equipment, measured vertically. The length of the wall shall be not less than 1.5 times the maximum diameter or length of the tank.
2209.3.1.2 Location of equipment. Equipment shall be located from the enclosing walls at a distance not less than one tank diameter. When horizontal tanks are used, the distance from any one enclosing wall shall be not less than one-half the length of the tank or a minimum of 5 feet (1524 mm).
2209.3.2 Location of dispensing operations and equipment. Generation, compression, storage and dispensing equipment shall be located in accordance with Sections 2209.3.2.1 through 2209.3.2.6.3.
2209.3.2.1 Outdoors. Generation, compression, storage or dispensing equipment shall be allowed outdoors in accordance with Section 2209.3.1.
2209.3.2.2 Weather protection. Generation, compression, storage or dispensing equipment shall be allowed under weather protection in accordance with the requirements of Section 2704.13 and constructed in a manner that prevents the accumulation of hydrogen gas.
2209.3.2.3 Indoors. Generation, compression, storage and dispensing equipment shall be located in indoor rooms or areas constructed in accordance with the requirements of the California Building Code and theCalifornia Mechanical Code and one of the following:
2209.3.2.3.1 Maintenance. Gaseous hydrogen systems and detection devices shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
2209.3.2.3.2 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited in hydrogen cutoff rooms. “No Smoking” signs shall be provided at all entrances to hydrogen cutoff rooms.
2209.3.2.3.3 Ignition source control. Open flames, flame-producing devices and other sources of ignition shall be controlled in accordance with Chapter 35.
2209.3.2.3.4 Housekeeping. Hydrogen cutoff rooms shall be kept free from combustible debris and storage.
OUTDOOR EQUIPMENT OR FEATURE | DISTANCEa (feet) |
---|---|
For SI: 1 foot =304.8 mm. 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3. | |
a. The applicability of tabular distance is in terms of a radius that defines a hemisphere from the source when not interrupted by an intervening fire barrier without through penetrations. | |
b. See Section 2209.3.1.1. | |
c. The dispenser and point of transfer for dispensing need not be separated from canopies constructed in accordance with Section 406.5 of the California Building Code and constructed in a manner that prevents the accumulation of hydrogen gas. | |
d. Measured along the natural and unobstructed line of travel (e.g., around protective walls, around corners of buildings). | |
e. Ignition sources include applicable burner ingniters, hot work and hot surfaces capable of igniting flammable vapors. | |
Building—Noncombustible walls | 10b, c |
Building—Combustible walls | 25b, c |
Public sidewalks and parked vehicles | 15b, c |
Lot line | 10b |
Air intake openings | 25d |
Wall openings located less than 25 feet above grade | 20d |
Wall openings located 25 feet or more above grade | 25d |
Outdoor public assembly | 25b |
Ignition sourcee | 10 |
Above-ground flammable or combustible liquid storage—diked in accordance with Section 3404.2.9.7, distance to dike wall | 20 |
Above-ground flammable or combustible liquid storage—not diked in accordance with Section 3404.2.9.7, distance to tank | 50 |
Underground flammable or combustible liquid storage—distance to vent or fill opening | 20 |
Flammable gas storage (other than hydrogen)— with emergency shutoff interconnected with the hydrogen system. | 25 |
Above-ground flammable gas storage (other than hydrogen)—without emergency shutoff interconnected with the hydrogen system | 50 |
Combustible waste materials (see Section 304.1.1) | 50b |
Vertical plane of the nearest overhead electric wire of an electric trolley, train or bus line | 50 |
Vertical plane of the nearest wire of overhead electrical power distribution lines. | 5 |
2209.3.2.4 Gaseous hydrogen storage. Storage of gaseous hydrogen shall be in accordance with Chapters 30 and 35.
2209.3.2.5 Liquefied hydrogen storage. Storage of liquefied hydrogen shall be in accordance with Chapters 32 and 35.
2209.3.2.5.1 Location on property. In addition to the requirements of Section 2203.1, above-ground lique-
311fied hydrogen storage containers, compression and vaporization equipment serving motor fuel-dispensing operations shall be located 25 feet (7620 mm) from buildings having combustible exterior wall surfaces; buildings having noncombustible exterior wall surfaces that are not part of a 1-hour fire-resistance-rated assembly; wall openings; lot lines of property that could be built on; public streets and parked vehicles.
2209.3.2.5.1.1 Barrier wall construction-liquefied hydrogen. The outdoor separation distance shall be permitted to be reduced to 5 feet (1524 mm) where a 2-hour fire barrier interrupts the line of sight between equipment, other than dispensers, and the exposure within the radial distance as indicated by the tabular value. The height of the barrier shall be a minimum of 6 feet (1829 mm) but no less than 1.5 times the height of equipment, other than the cryogenic storage vessel, measured vertically. The length of the wall shall be no less than 1.5 times the maximum diameter or length of the tank. The 2-hour fire barrier shall not have more than two sides at approximately 90-degree (1.57 rad) directions, or three sides with connecting angles of approximately 135 degrees (2.36 rad). When fire barrier walls on three sides are used, piping and control systems serving stationary tanks shall be located at the open side of the enclosure created by the barrier walls.
2209.3.2.5.1.2 Location of equipment. Equipment shall be located from the enclosing walls at a distance not less than one tank diameter. When horizontal tanks are used the distance from any one enclosing wall shall be not less than one-half the length of the tank or a minimum of 5 feet (1524 mm).
2209.3.2.6 Canopy tops. Gaseous hydrogen compression and storage equipment located on top of motor fuel-dispensing facility canopies shall be in accordance with Sections 2209.3.2.6.1 through 2209.3.2.6.3 Chapters 30 and 35 the California Mechanical Code.
2209.3.2.6.1 Construction. Canopies shall be constructed in accordance with the motor fuel-dispensing facility canopy requirements of Section 406 of the California Building Code.
2209.3.2.6.2 Fire-extinguishing systems. Fuel-dispensing areas under canopies shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. The design of the sprinkler system shall not be less than that required for Extra Hazard Group 2 occupancies. Operation of the sprinkler system shall activate the emergency functions of Sections 2209.3.2.6.2.1 and 2209.3.2.6.2.2.
2209.3.2.6.2.1 Emergency discharge. Operation of the automatic sprinkler system shall activate an automatic emergency discharge system. which will discharge the hydrogen gas from the equipment on the canopy top through the vent pipe system.
2209.3.2.6.2.2 Emergency shutdown control. Operation of the automatic sprinkler system shall activate the emergency shutdown control required by Section 2209.5.3.
2209.3.2.6.3 Signage. Approved signage having 2-inch (51 mm) block letters shall be affixed at approved locations on the exterior of the canopy structure stating: CANOPY TOP HYDROGEN STORAGE.
2209.3.3 Canopies.Dispensing equipment need not be separated from canopies of Type I or II construction that are constructed in a manner that prevents the accumulation of hydrogen gas and in accordance with Section 406.5 of the California Building Code.
2209.4 Dispensing into motor vehicles at self-service hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing facilities.Self-service hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing systems, including key, code and card lock dispensing systems, shall be limited to the filling of permanently mounted fuel containers on hydrogen-powered vehicles.
In addition to the requirements in Section 2211, the owner of a self-service hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing facility shall provide for the safe operation of the system through the institution of a fire safety plan submitted in accordance with Section 404, the training of employees and operations who use and maintain the system in accordance with Section 406, and provisions for hazard communication in accordance with Section 407.
2209.4.1 Dispensing systems.Dispensing systems shall be equipped with an overpressure protection device set at 140 percent of the service pressure of the fueling nozzle it supplies.
2209.5 Safety precautions. Safety precautions at hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing and generation facilities shall be in accordance with Sections 2209.5.1 through 2209.5.4.3.6.
2209.5.1 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other approved means shall be provided to protect hydrogen storage systems and use areas subject to vehicular damage in accordance with Section 312.
2209.5.1.1 Vehicle fueling pad. The vehicle shall be fueled on noncoated conrete or otherapproved paving material having a resistance not exceeding 1 megohm as determined by the methodology specified in EN 1081.
2209.5.2 Emergency shutoff valves. A manual emergency shutoff valve shall be provided to shut down the flow of gas from the hydrogen supply to the piping system.
2209.5.2.1 Identification. Manual emergency shutoff valves shall be identified and the location shall be clearly visible, accessible and indicated by means of a sign.
2209.5.3 Emergency shutdown controls. In addition to the manual emergency shutoff valve required by Section 2209.5.2, a remotely located, manually activated emergency shutdown control shall be provided. An emergency shutdown control shall be located within 75 feet (22 860
312mm) of, but not less than 25 feet (7620 mm) from, dispensers and hydrogen generators.
2209.5.3.1 System requirements. Activation of the emergency shutdown control shall automatically shut off the power supply to all hydrogen storage, compression and dispensing equipment: shut off natural gas or other fuel supply to the hydrogen generator; and close valbes between the main supply and the compressor and between the storage containers and dispensing equipment.
2209.5.4 Venting of hydrogen systems. Hydrogen systems shall be equipped with pressure relief devices that will relieve excessive internal pressure in accordance with Sections 2209.5.4.1 through 2209.5.4.3.6.
2209.5.4.1 Location of discharge. Hydrogen vented from vent pipe systems serving pressure relief devices or purging systems shall not be discharged inside buildings or under canopies used for weather protection.
2209.5.4.2 Pressure relief devices. Portions of the system subject to overpressure shall be protected by presure relief devices designed and installed in accordance with the requirements of CGA S-1.1, S-1.2, S-1.3 or the ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code, as applicable. Containers used for the storage of liquefied hydrogen shall be provided with pressure relief devices in accordance with Section 3203.2.
2209.5.4.2.1 Minimum rate of discharge. The minimum flow capacity of pressure relief devices on hydrogen storage containers shall be at least the capacity required by Section 2209.5.4.2 or the capacity required to accommodate a hydrogen compressor that fails to shut down or unload, whichever is greater.
2209.5.4.3 Vent pipe. Stationary containers and tanks shall be provided with a vent pipe system that will divert gas discharged from pressure relief devices to the atmo-sphere. Vent pipe systems serving pressure relief devices and purging systems used for operational control shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Sections 2209.5.4.3.1 through 2209.5.4.3.6.
2209.5.4.3.1 Materials of construction. The vent pipe system shall be constructed of materials approved for hydrogen service in accordance with ASME B31.3 for the rated pressure, volume and temperature of gas to be transported. The vent piping shall be designed for the maximum backpressure within the pipe, but not less than 335 pounds persquare inch gauge (psig) (2310 kPa).
2209.5.4.3.2 Structural support. The vent pipe system shall be supported to prevent structural collapse and shall be provided with a rain cap or other feature that would not limit or obstruct the gas flow from venting vertically upward.
2209.5.4.3.3 Obstructions. A means shall be provided to prevent water, ice and other debris from accumulating inside the vent pipe or obstructing the vent pipe.
2209.5.4.3.4 Height of vent and separation. The height(H) and separation distance(D) of the vent pipe shall meet the criteria set forth in Table 2209.5.4.3.4 for the combinations of maximum hydrogen flow rates and vent stack opening diameters listed. Alternative venting systems shall be allowed when in accordance with Section 2209.5.4.3.6.
2209.5.4.3.5 Maximum flow rate. The vent pipe system shall be sized based on the maximum flow rate for the system served and be specified on the construction documents. The maximum flow rate shall be determined in accordance with the requirements of CGAS-1,3 using the aggregate gas flow rate from all connected vent, purge and relief devices that operate simultaneously during a venting operation, purging operation or emergency relief event.
2209.5.4.3.6 Alternative venting systems. Where alternative venting systems are used in lieu of the requirements of Section 2209.5.4.3.5, and analysis of radiant heat exposures and hydrogen concentrations shall be provided. The analysis of exposure to radiant heat shall assume a wind speed of 30 feet/second (9.14 m/sec) and provide a design that limits radiant heat exposure to the maximum values shown in Table 2209.5.4.3.6.(1). The analysis of exposure to hydrogen concentration shall provide a design that limits the maximum hydrogen concentration to the values shown in Table 2209.5.4.3.6(2).
2210.1 General. The construction of marine motor fuel-dis-pensing facilities shall be in accordance with the California Building Code and NFPA 30A. The storage of Class I, II or IIIA liquids at marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be in accordance with this chapter and Chapter 34.
2210.2 Storage and handling. The storage and handling of Class I, II or IIIA liquids at marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be in accordance with Sections 2210.2.1 through 2210.2.3.
2210.2.1 Class I, II or IIIA liquid storage. Class I, II or IIIA liquids stored inside of buildings used for marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be stored in approved containers or portable tanks. Storage of Class I liquids shall not exceed 10 gallons (38 L).
Exception: Storage in liquid storage rooms in accordance with Section 3404.3.7.
2210.2.2 Class II or IIIA liquied storage and dispensing. Class II or IIIA liquids stored or dispensed inside of buildings used for marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be stored in and dispensed from approved containers or portable tanks. Storage of Class II and IIIA liquids shall not exceed 120 gallons (454 L).
2210.2.3 Heating equipment. Heating equipment installed in Class I, II or IIIA liquid storage or dispensing areas shall comply with Section 2201.6.
HYDROGEN FLOW RATE | ≤500 CFM at NTPg | >500 to ≤ 1,000 CFM at NTPg | >1,000 to ≤2,000 CFM at NTPh | >2,000 to ≤ 5,000 CFN at NTPh | >5,000 to≤10,000 CFM at NRPh | >5,000 to ≤ 10,000 to≤20,000 CFM at NTPh | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
For SI: 1 inch=25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 Btu/hr ft2 =3.153W/m2, 1 foot/second = 304.8 mm/sec. | |||||||
a. Minimum distance to property line is 1.25D. | |||||||
b. Designs seeking to achieve greater heights with commensurate reductions in separation distances shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice. | |||||||
c. With this table personnel on the ground or on the building and/or equipment are exposed to a maximum of 1,500 But/hr. ft2, and are assumed to be provided with a means to escape to a shielded area within 3 minutes, including the cases of a 30 ft./sec. wind. | |||||||
d. Designs seeking to achieve greater radiant exposures to noncombustible equipment shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice. | |||||||
e. The analysis reflected in this table does not permit hydrogen air mixtures that would exceed one-half of the flower flammable limit (LFL) for hydrogen (2 percent by volume) at the building or equipement, including the case of a 30 ft./sec. wind. | |||||||
f. See Figure 2209.5.4.3.4. | |||||||
g. For vent pipe diameters up to and including 2 inches. | |||||||
h. For vent pipe diameters up to and including 3 inches. | |||||||
Height(ft) | 8 | 8 | 12 | 17 | 25 | 36 | |
Distance(ft) | 13 | 17 | 26 | 40 | 53 | 81 |
FIGURE 2209.5.4.3.4
HYDROGEN VENTPIPE HEIGHT (H)VERSUS DISTANCE(D)REQUIREMENTS
EXPOSED OBJECT | MAXIMUM RADIANT HEAT | TIME DURATION (minutes) |
---|---|---|
Personnel | 1,500 Btu/hr.ft2 (4732 W/m2) | 3 |
Noncombustible equipment | 8,000 Btu/hr. ft2 (25 237 W/m2) | Any |
Lot line | 500 Btu/hr. ft2 (1577 W/m2) | Any |
EXPOSED OBJECT | MAXIMUM HYDROGEN CONCENTRATION |
---|---|
Personnel, buildings or equipment | 50% LFL within a distance of D and H of Table 2209.5.4.3.4 |
Lot line | 50% LFL within 1.25 times the distance of D and H of Table 2209.5.4.3.4 |
2210.3 Dispensing. The dispensing of liquid fuels at marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall comply with Sections 2210.3.1 through 2210.3.5.
2210.3.1 General. Wharves, piers or floats at marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be used exclusively for the dispensing or transfer of petroleum products to or from maine craft, except that transfer of essential ship stores is allowed.
2210.3.2 Supervision. Marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall have an attendant or supervisor who is fully aware of the operation, mechanics and hazards inherent to fueling of boats on duty whenever the facility is open for business. The attendant’s primary function shall be to supervise, observe and control the dispensing of Class I, II or IIIA liquids or flammable gases.
2210.3.3 Hoses and nozzles. Dispensing of Class I, II or IIIA liquids into the fuel tanks of marine craft shall be by means of an approved-type hose equipped with a listed automatic-closing nozzle without a latch-open device.
Hoses used for dispensing or transferring Class I, II or IIIA liquids, when not in use, shall be reeled, racked or otherwise protected from mechanical damage.
2210.3.4 Portable containers. Dispensing of Class I, II or IIIA liquids into containers, other than fuel tanks, shall be in accordance with Section 2204.4.1.
2210.3.5 Liquefied petroleum gas. Liquefied petroleum gas cylinders shall not be filled at marine motor fuel-dis-pensing facilities unlessapproved. Approved storage facilities for LP-gas cylinders shall be provided. See also Section 2207.
2210.4 Fueling of marine vechicles at other than approved marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Fueling of floating marine craft with Class I fuels at other than a marine motor fuel-dispensing facility is prohibited. Fueling of floating marine craft with Class II or III fuels at other than a marine motor fuel-dispensing facility shall be in accordance with all of the following:
2210.5 Fire prevention regulations. General fire safety regulations for marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall comply with Sections 2210.5.1 through 2210.5.7.
2210.5.1 Housekeeping. Marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be maintained in a neat and orderly manner.
Accumulations of rubbish or waste oils in excessive amounts shall be prohibited.
2210.5.2 Spills.Spills of Class I, II or IIIA liquids at or on the water shall be reported immediately to the fire department and jurisdictional authorities.
2210.5.3 Rubbish containers. Metal containers with tight-fitting or self-closing metal lids shall be provided for the temporary storage of combustible trash or rubbish.
2210.5.4 Marine vessels and craft. Vessels or craft shall not be made fast to fuel docks serving other vessels or craft occupying a berth at a marine motor fuel-dispensing facility.
2210.5.5 Sources of ignition. Construction, maintenance, repair and reconditioning work involving the use of open flames, ares or spark-producing devices shall not be performed at marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities or within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of the dispensing facilities, including piers, wharves or floats, except for emergency repair work approved in writing by the fire code official. Fueling shall not be conducted at the piper, wharf or float during the course of such emergency repairs.
2210.5.5.1 Smoking. Smoking or open flames shall be prohibited within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of fueling operations. “No Smoking” signs complying with Section 310 shall be posted conspicuously about the premises. Such signs shall have letters not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in height on a background of contresting color.
2210.5.6 Preparation of tanks for fueling. Boat owners and operators shall not offer their craft for fueling unless the tanks being filled are properly vented to dissipate fumes to the outside atmosphere.
2210.5.7 Warning signs. Warning signs shall be prominently displayed at the face of each wharf, pier or float at such elevation as to be clearly visible from the decks of marine craft being fueled. Such signs shall have letters not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in height on a background of contrasting color bearing the following orapproved equivalent wording:
WARNING
NO SMOKING—STOP ENGINE WHILE FUELING,
SHUT OFF ELECTRICITY.
DO NOT START ENGINE UNTIL AFTER BELOW
DECK SPACES ARE VENTILATED.
2210.6 Fire protection. Fire protection features for marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall comply with Sections 2210.6.1 through 2210.6.4.
2210.6.1 Standpipe hose stations. Fire hose, where provided, shall be enclosed within a cabinet, and hose stations shall be labeled: FIRE HOSE—EMERGENCY USE ONLY.
2210.6.2 Obstruction of fire protection equipment. Materials shall not be placed on a pier in such a manner as to obstruct access to fire-fighting equipment or piping system control valves.
3152210.6.3 Access. Where the pier is accessible to vehicular traffic, an unobstructed roadway to the shore end of the wharf shall be maintained for access by fire apparatus.
2210.6.4 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers in accordance with Section 906, each having a minimum rating of 20-B:C, shall be provided as follows:
2211.1 General. Repair garages shall comply with this section and the California Building Code. Repair garages for vehicles that use more than one type of fuel shall comply with the applicable provisions of this section for each type of fuel used.
Where a repair garage also includes a motor fuel-dispensing facility, the fuel-dispensing operation shall comply with the requirements of this chapter for motor fuel-dispensing facilities.
2211.2 Storage and use of flammable and combustible liquids. The storage and use of flammable and combustible liquids in repair garages shall comply with Chapter 34 and Sections 2211.2.1 through 2211.2.4.
2211.2.1 Cleaning of parts. Cleaning of parts shall be conducted in listed and approved parts-cleaning machines in accordance with Chapter 34.
2211.2.2 Waste oil, motor oil and other Class IIIB liquids. Waste oil, motor oil and other Class IIIB liquids shall be stored in approved tanks or containers, which are allowed to be stored and dispensed from inside repair garages.
2211.2.2.1 Tank location. Tanks storing Class IIIB liquids in repair garages are allowed to be located at, below or above grade, provided that adequate drainage or containment is provided.
2211.2.2.2 Liquid classification. Crankcase drainings shall be classified as Class IIIB liquids unless otherwise determined by testing.
2211.2.3 Drainage and disposal of liquids and oil-soaked waste. Garage floor drains, where provided, shall drain to approved oil separators or traps discharging to a sewer in accordance with the California Plumbing Code. Contents of oil separators, traps and floor drainage systems shall be collected at sufficiently frequent intervals and removed from the premises to prevent oil from being carried into the sewers.
2211.2.3.1 Disposal of liquids. Crankcase drainings and liquids shall not be dumped into sewers, streams or on the ground, but shall be stored in approved tanks or containers in accordance with Chapter 34 until removed from the premises.
2211.2.3.2 Disposal of oily waste. Self-closing metal cans shall be used for oily waste.
2211.2.4 Spray finishing. Spray finishing with flammable or combustible liquids shall comply with Chapter 15.
2211.3 Sources of ignition. Sources of ignition shall not be located within 18 inches (457 mm) of the floor and shall comply with Chapters 3 and 26.
2211.3.1 Equipment. Appliances and equipment installed in a repair garage shall comply with the provisions of the California Building Code, the California Mechanical Code and the California Electrical Code.
2211.3.2 Smoking. Smoking shall not be allowed in repair garages except in approved locations.
2211.4 Below-grade areas. Pits and below-grade work areas in repair garages shall comply with Sections 2211.4.1 through 2211.4.3.
2211.4.1 Construction. Pits and below-grade work areas shall be constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.
2211.4.2 Means of egress. Pits and below-grade work areas shall be provided with means of egressin accordance with Chapter 10.
2211.4.3 Ventilation. Where Class I liquids or LP-gas are stored or used within a building having a basement or pit wherein flammable vapors could accumulate, the basement or pit shall be provided with mechanical ventilation in accordance with the California Mechanical Code, at a minimum rate of 1½ cubic feet per minute per square foot (cfm/ft2) [0.008 m3’(s. m2)] to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors.
2211.5 Preparation of vehicles for repair. For vehicles powered by gaseous fuels, the fuel shutoff valves shall be closed prior to repairing any portion of the vehicle fuel system.
Vehicles powered by gaseous fuels in which the fuel system has been damaged shall be inspected and evaluated for fuel systems integrity prior to being brought into the repair garage. The inspection shall include testing of the entire fuel delivery system for leakage.
2211.6 Fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Section 906.
2211.7 Repair garages for vehicles fueled by lighter-than-air fuels. Repair garages for the conversion and repair of vehicles which use CNG, liquefied natural gas (LNG), hydrogen or other lighter-than-air motor fuels shall be in accordance with Sections 2211.7 through 2211.7.2.3 in addition to the other requirements of Section 2211.
316Exception: Repair garages where work is not performed on the fuel system and is limited to exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame or welding.
2211.7.1 Ventilation. Repair garages used for the repair of natural gas-or hydrogen-fueled vehicles shall be provided with an approved mechanical ventilation system. The mechanical ventilation system shall be in accordance with the California Mechanical Code and Sections 2211.7.1.1 and 2211.7.1.2.
Exception: Repair garages with natural ventilation when approved.
2211.7.1.1 Design. Indoor locations shall be ventilated utilizing air supply inlets and exhaust outlets arranged to provide uniform air movement to the extent practical. Inlets shall be uniformly arranged on exterior walls near floor level. Outlets shall be located at the high point of the room in exterior walls or the roof.
Ventilation shall be by a continuous mechanical ventilation system or by a mechanical ventilation system activated by a continuously monitoring natural gas detection system or, for hydrogen, a continuously monitoring flammable gas detection system, each activating at a gas concentration of not more than 25 percent of the lower flammable limit (LFL). In all cases, the system shall shut down the fueling system in the event of failure of the ventilation system.
The ventilation rate shall be at least 1 cubic foot per minute per 12 cubic feet [0.00139 m3×(s . m3)] of room volume.
2211.7.1.2 Operation. The mechanical ventilation system shall operate continuously.
Exceptions:
- Mechanical ventilation systems that are interlocked with a gas detection system designed in accordance with Sections 2211.7.2 through 2211.7.2.3.
- Mechanical ventilation systems in repair garages that are used only for repair of vehicles fueled by liquid fuels or odorized gases, such as CNG, where the ventilation system is electrically interlocked with the lighting circuit.
2211.7.2 Gas detection system. Repair garages used for repair of vehicles fueled by nonodorized gases, such as hydrogen and nonodorized LNG, shall be provided with a flammable gas detection system.
2211.7.2.1 System design. The flammable gas detection system shall be listed or approved and shall be calibrated to the types of fuels or gases used by vehicles to be repaired. Gas detectors or sensors shall be listed SS in accordance with UL 2075 and shall indicate the gases they are intended to detect. The gas detection system shall be designed to activate when the level of flammable gas exceeds 25 percent of the lower flammable limit (LFL). Gas detection shall also be provided in lubrication or chassis service pits of repair garages used for repairing nonodorized LNG-fueled vehicles.
2211.7.2.2 Operation. Activation of the gas detection system shall result in all the following:
2211.7.2.3 Failure of the gas detection system. Failure of the gas detection system shall result in the deactivation of the heating system, activation of the mechanical ventilation system and where the system is interlocked with gas detection and causes a trouble signal to sound in an approved location.
2211.8 Defueling of hydrogen from motor vehicle fuel storage containers. The discharge of defueling of hydrogen from motor vehicle fuel storage tanks for the purpose of maintenance, cylinder certification, calibration of dispensers or other activities shall be in accordance with Sections 2211.8.1 through 2211.8.1.2.4.
2211.8.1 Methods of discharge. The discharge of hydrogen from motor vehicle fuel storage tanks shall be accomplished through a closed transfer system in accordance with Section 2211.8.1.1 or an approved method of atmospheric venting in accordance with Section 2211.8.1.2.
2211.8.1.1 Closed transfer system. A documented procedure that explains the logic sequence for discharging the storage tank shall be provided to the code official for review and approval. The procedure shall include what actions the operator is required to take in the event of a low-pressure or high-pressure hydrogen release during discharging activity. Schematic design documents shall be provided illustrating the arrangement of piping, regulators and equipment settings. The construction documents shall illustrate the piping and regulator arrangement and shall be shown in spatial relation to the location of the compressor, storage vessels and emergency shutdown devices.
2211.8.1.2 Atmospheric venting of hydrogen from motor vehicle fuel storage containers. When atmospheric venting is used for the discharge of hydrogen from motor vehicle fuel storage tanks, such venting shall be in accordance with Sections 2211.8.1.2.1 through 2211.8.1.2.4.
2211.8.1.2.1 Defueling equipment required at vehicle maintenance and repair facilities. All facilities for repairing hydrogen systems on hydrogen-fueled vehicles shall have equipment to defuel vehicle storage tanks. Equipment used for defueling shall be listed and labeled for the intended use.
2211.8.1.2.1.1 Manufacturer's equipment required. Equipment supplied by the vehicle manufacturer shall be used to connect the vehicle storage tanks to be defueled to the vent pipe system.
2211.8.1.2.1.2 Vent pipe maximum diameter. Defueling vent pipes shall have a maximum inside diameter of 1 inch (25 mm) and be installed in accordance with Section 2209.5.4.
3172211.8.1.2.1.3 Maximum flow rate. The maximum rate of hydrogen flow through the vent pipe system shall not exceed 1,000 cfm at NTP (0.47 m3/s) and shall be controlled by means of the manufacturer's equipment, at low pressure and without adjustment.
2211.8.1.2.1.4 Isolated use. The vent pipe used for defueling shall not be connected to another venting system used for any other purpose.
2211.8.1.2.2 Construction documents. Construction documents shall be provided illustrating the defueling system to be utilized. Plan details shall be of sufficient detail and clarity to allow for evolution of the piping and control systems to be utilized and include the method of support for cylinders, containers or tanks to be used as part of a closed transfer system, the method of grounding and bonding, and other requirements specified herein.
2211.8.1.2.3 Stability of cylinders, containers and tanks. A method of rigidly supporting cylinders, containers or tanks used during the closed transfer system discharge or defueling of hydrogen shall be provided. The method shall provide not less than two points of support and shall be designed to resist lateral movement of the receiving cylinder, container or tank. The system shall be designed to resist movement of the receiver based on the highest gas-release velocity through valve officers at the receiver's rated service pressure and volume. Supporting structure or appurtenance used to support receivers shall be constructed of noncombustible materials in accordance with the California Building Code.
2211.8.1.2.4 Grounding and bonding. Cylinders, containers or tanks and piping systems used for defueling shall be bonded and grounded. Structures or appurtenance used for supporting the cylinders, containers or tanks shall be grounded in accordance with the California Electrical Code. The valve of the vehicle storage tank shall be bonded with the defueling system prior to the commencement of discharge or defueling operations.
2211.8.2 Repair of hydrogen piping. Piping systems containing hydrogen shall not be opened to the atmosphere for repair without first purging the piping with an inert gas to achieve 1 percent hydrogen or less by volume. Defueling operations and existing purge flow shall be vented in accordance with Section 2211.8.1.2.
2211.8.3 Purging. Each individual manufactured component of a hydrogen generating, compression, storage or dispensing system shall have a lable affixed as well as a description in the installation and owner's manuals describing the procedure for purging air from the system during startup, regular maintenance and for purging hydrogen from the system prior to disassembly (to admit air).
For the interconnecting piping between the individual manufactured components, the pressure rating must be at least 20 times the absolute pressure present in the piping when any hydrogen meets any air.
Adopting Agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1⁄AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
Table 2306.2 | X |
2301.1 Scope. High-piled combustible storage shall be in accordance with this chapter. In addition to the requirements of this chapter, the following material-specific requirements shall apply:
2301.2 Permits. A permit shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
2301.3 Construction documents. At the time of building permit application for new structures designed to accommodate high-piled storage or for requesting a change of occupancy/use, and at the time of application for a storage permit, plans and specifications shall be submitted for review and approval, In addition to the information required by the California Building Code, the storage permit submittal shall include the information specified in this section. Following approval of the plans, a copy of the approved plans shall be maintained on the premises in an approved location. The plans shall include the following:
2301.4 Evacuation plan. When required by the fire code official, an evacuation plan for public accessible areas and a separate set of plans indicating location and width of aisles, location of exists, exit access doors, exit signs, height of storage, and locations of hazardous materials shall be submitted at the time of permit application for review and approval. Following approval of the plans, a copy of the approved plans shall be maintained on the premises in an approved location.
2302.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
ARRAY. The configuration of storage. Characteristics considered in defining an array include the type of packaging, flue spaces, height of storage and compactness of storage.
ARRAY, CLOSED. A storage configuration have a 6-inch (152 mm) or smaller width vertical flue space that restricts air movement through the stored commodity.
AUTOMATED RACK STORAGE. Automated rack storage is a stocking method whereby the movement of pallets, products, apparatus or systems are automatically controlled by mechanical or electronic devices.
BIN BOX. A five-side container with the open side facing an aisle. Bin boxes are self-supporting or supported by a structure designed so that little or no horizontal or vertical space exists around the boxes.
COMMODITY. A combination of products, packing materials and containers.
DRAFT CURTAIN. A structure arranged to limit the spread of smoke and heat along the underside of the ceiling or roof.
EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE (ESFR SPRINKLER. A sprinkler listed for early suppression fast-response performance.
EXPANDED PLASTIC. A foam or cellular plastic material having a reduced density based on the presence of numerous small cavities or cells dispersed throughout the material.
EXTRA-HIGH-RACK COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE. Storage on racks of Class I, II, III or IV commodities which
321exceed 40 feet (12 192 mm) in height and storage on racks of high-hazard commodities which exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) in height.
HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE. Storage of combustible materials in closely packed piles or combustible materials on pallets, in racks or on shelves where the top of storage is greater than 12 feet (3658 mm) in height. When required by the fire code official, high-piled combustible storage also includes certain high-hazard commodities, such as rubber tires, Group A plastics, flammable liquids, idle pallets and similar commodities, where the top of storage is greater than 6 feet (1829 mm) in height.
HIGH-PILED STORAGE AREA. An area within a building which is designated, intended, proposed or actually used for high-piled combustible storage.
LONGITUDINAL FLUE SPACE. The flue space between rows of storage perpendicular to the direction of loading.
MANUAL STOCKING METHODS. Stocking methods utilizing motorized vehicles or hydraulic jacks to move stock.
SHELF STORAGE. Storage on shelves less than 30 inches (762 mm) deep with the distance between shelves not exceeding 3 feet (914 mm) vertically. For other shelving arrangements, see the requirements for rack storage.
SOLID SHELVING. Shelving that is solid, slatted or of other construction located in racks and which obstructs sprinkler discharge down into the racks.
TRANSVERSE FLUE SPACE. The space between rows of storage parallel to the direction of loading.
2303.1 Classification of commodities. Commodities shall be classified as Class I, II, III, IV or high hazard in accordance with this section. Materials listed within each commodity classification are assumed to be unmodified for improved combustibility characteristics. Use of flame-retarding modifiers or the physical form of the material could change the classification. See Section 2303.7 for classification of Group A, B and C plastics.
2303.2 Class I commodities. Class I commodities are essentially noncombustible products on wooden on nonexpanded polyethylene solid deck pallets, in ordinary corrugated cartons with or without single-thickness dividers, or in ordinary paper wrappings with or without pallets. Class I commodities are allowed to contain a limited amount of Group A plastics in accordance with Section 2303.7.4. Examples of Class I commodities include, but are not limited to, the following:
Alcoholic beverages not exceeding 20-percent alcohol
Appliances noncombustible, electrical
Cement in bags
Ceramics
Dairy products in nonwax-coated containers (excluding bottles)
Dry insecticides
Foods in noncombustible containers
Fresh fruits and vegetables in nonplastic trays or containers
Frozen foods
Glass
Glycol in metal cans
Gypsum board
Inert materials, bagged
Insulation, noncombustible
Noncombustible liquids in plastic containers having less than a 5-gallon (19 L) capacity
Noncombustible metal products
2303.3 Class II commodities. Class II commodities are Class I products in slatted wooden crates, solid wooden boxes, multiple-thickness paperboard cartons or equivalent combustible packaging materials with or without pallets. Class II commodities are allowed to contain a limited amount of Group A plastics in accordance with Section 2303.7.4. Examples of Class II commodities include, but are not limited to, the following:
Alcholic beverages not exceeding 20-percent alcohol, in combustible containers
Foods in combustible containers
Incandescent of fluorescent light bulbs in cartons
Thinly coated fine wire on reels or in cartons
2303.4 Class III commodities. Class III commodities are commodities of wood, paper, natural fiber cloth, or Group C plastics or products thereof, with or without pallets. Products are allowed to contain limited amounts of Group A or B plastics, such as metal bicycles with plastic handles, pedals, seats and tires. Group A plastics shall be limited in accordance with Section 2303.7.4 Examples of Class III commodities include, but are not limited to, the following:
Aerosol, Level 1 (see Chapter 28)
Combustible fiberboard
Cork, baled
Feed, bagged
Fertilizers, bagged
Food in plastic containers
Furniture: wood, natural fiber, upholstered, nonplastic, wood or metal with plastic-padded and covered armrests
Glycol in combustible containers not exceeding 25 percent
Lubricating or hydraulic fluid in metal cans
Lumber
Mattresses, excluding foam rubber and foam plastics
Noncombustible liquids in plastic containers having a capacity of more than 5 gallons (19 L)
322Paints, oil base, in metal cans
Paper, waste, baled
Paper and pulp, horizontal storage, or vertical storage that is banded or protected with approved wrap
Paper in cardboard boxes
Pillows, excluding foam rubber and foam plastics
Plastic-coated paper food containers
Plywood
Rags, baled
Rugs, without foam backing
Sugar, bagged
Wood, baled
Wood doors, frames and cabinets
Yarns of natural fiber and viscose
2303.5 Class IV commodities. Class IV commodities are Class I, II or III products containing Group A plastics in ordinary corrugated cartons and Class I, II and III products with Group A plastic packaging, with or without pallets. Group B plastics and free-flowing Group A plastics are also included in this class. The total amount of nonfree-flowing Group A plastics shall be in accordance with Section 2303.7.4. Examples of Class IV commodities include, but are not limited to, the following:
Aerosol, Level 2 (see Chapter 28)
Alcoholic beverages, exceeding 20-percent but less than 80-percent alcohol, in cans or bottles in cartons
Clothing, synthetic or nonviscose
Combustible metal products (solid)
Furniture, plastic upholstered
Furniture, wood or metal with plastic covering and padding
Glycol in combustible containers (greater than 25 percent and less than 50 percent)
Linoleum products
Paints, oil base in combustible containers
Pharmaceutical, alcoholic elixirs, tonics, etc.
Rugs, foam back
Shingles, asphalt
Thread or yarn, synthetic or nonviscose
2303.6 High-hazard commodities. High-hazard commodities are high-hazard products presenting special fire hazards beyond those of Class I, II, III or IV. Group A plastics not otherwise classified are included in this class. Examples of high-hazard commodities include, but are not limited to, the following:
Aerosol, Level 3 (see Chapter 28)
Alcoholic beverages, exceeding 80-percent alcohol, in bottles or cartons
Commodities of any class in plastic containers in carousel storage
Flammable solids (except solid combustible metals)
Glycol in combustible containers (50 percent or greater)
Lacquers, which dry by solvent evaporation, in metal cans or cartons
Lubricating or hydraulic fluid in plastic containers
Mattresse, foam rubber or foam plastics
Pallets and flats which are idle combustible
Paper and pulp, rolled, in vertical storage which is unbanded or not protected with an approved wrap
Paper, asphalt, rolled, horizontal storage
Paper, asphalt, rolled, vertical storage
Pillows, foam rubber and foam plastics
Pyroxylin
Rubber tires
Vegetable oil and butter in plastic containers
2303.7 Classification of plastics. Plastics shall be designated as Group, A, B or C in accordance with Sections 2303.7.1 through 2303.7.4.
2303.7.1 Group A plastics. Group A plastics are plastic materials having a heat of combustion that is much higher than that of ordinary combustibles, and a burning rate higher than that of Group B plastics. Examples of Group A plastics include, but are not limited to, the following:
323ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer)
Acetal (polyformaldehyde)
Acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate)
Butyl rubber
EPDM (ethylene propylene rubber)
FRP (fiberglass-reinforced polyester)
Natural rubber (expanded)
Nitrile rubber (acrylonitrile butadiene rubber)
PET or PETE (polyethylene terephtalate)
Polybutadiene
Polycarbonate
Polyester elastomer
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polystyrene (expanded and unexpanded)
Polyurethane (expanded and unexpanded)
PVC (polyvinyl chloride greater than 15 percent plasticized, e.g., coated fabric unsupported film)
SAN (styrene acrylonitrile)
SBR (Styrene butadiene rubber)
2303.7.2 Group B plastics. Group B plastics are plastic materials having a heat of combustion and a burning rate higher than that of ordinary combustibles, but not as high as those of Group A plastics. Examples of Group B plastics include, but are not limited to, the following:
Cellulosics (cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose)
Chloroprene rubber
Fluoroplastics (ECTFE, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer; ETFE, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer; FEP, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer)
Natural rubber (nonexpanded)
Nylon (Nylon 6, Nylon 6/6)
PVC (polyvinyl chloride greater than 5-percent, but not exceeding 15-percent plasticized)
Silicone rubber
2303.7.3 Group C plastics. Group C plastics are plastic materials having a heat of combustion and a burning rate similar to those of ordinary combustibles. Examples of Group C plastics include, but are not limited to, the following:
Fluoroplastics (PCTFE, polychlorotrifluoroethylene; PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene)
Melamine (melamine formaldehyde)
Phenol
PVC (polyvinyl chloride, rigid or plasticized less than 5 percent, e.g., pipe, fittings)
PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride)
PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)
PVF (polyvinyl fluoride)
Urea (urea formaldehyde)
2303.7.4 Limited quantities of Group A plastics in mixed commodities. Figure 2303.7.4 shall be used to determine the quantity of Group A plastics allowed to be stored in a package or carton or on a pallet without increasing the commodity classification.
2304.1 General. High-piled storage areas, and portions of high-piled storage areas intended for storage of a different commodity class than adjacent areas, shall be designed and specifically designated to contain Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV or high-hazard commodities. The designation of a high-piled combustible storage area, or portion thereof intended for storage of a different commodity class, shall be based on the highest hazard commodity class stored except as provided in Section 2304.2.
2304.2 Designation based on engineering analysis. The designation of a high-piled combustible storage area, or portion thereof, is allowed to be based on a lower hazard class than that of the highest class of commodity stored when a limited quantity of the higher hazard commodity has been demonstrated by engineering analysis to be adequately protected by the automatic sprinkler system provided. The engineering analysis shall consider the ability of the sprinkler system to deliver the higher density required by the higher hazard commodity. The higher density shall be based on the actual storage height of the pile or rack and the minimum allowable design area for sprinkler operation as set forth in the density⁄area figures provided in NFPA 13. The contiguous area occupied by the higher hazard commodity shall not exceed 120 square feet (11 m2) and additional areas of higher hazard commodity shall be separated from other such areas by 25 feet (7620 mm) or more. The sprinkler system shall be capable of delivering the higher density over a minimum area of 900 square feet (84 m2) for wet pipe systems and 1,200 square feet (111 m2) for dry pipe systems. The shape of the design area shall be in accordance with Section 903.
2305.1 Rack structures. The structural integrity of racks shall be maintained.
2305.2 Ignition sources. Clearance from ignition sources shall be provided in accordance with Section 305.
2305.3 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited. Approved “No Smoking” signs shall be conspicuously posted in accordance with Section 310.
2305.4 Aisle maintenance. When restocking is not being conducted, aisles shall be kept clear of storage, waste material and debris. Fire department access doors, aisles and exit doors shall not be obstructed. During restocking operations using manual stocking methods, a minimum unobstructed aisle width of 24 inches (610 mm) shall be maintained in 48-inch (1219 mm) or smaller aisles, and a minimum unobstructed aisle width of one-half of the required aisle width shall be maintained in aisles greater than 48 inches (1219 mm). During mechanical stocking operations, a minimum unobstructed aisle width of 44 inches (1118 mm) shall be maintained in accordance with Section 2306.9.
2305.5 Pile dimension and height limitations. Pile dimensions and height limitations shall comply with Section 2307.3.
2305.6 Designation of storage heights. Where required by the fire code official, a visual method of indicating the maximum allowable storage height shall be provided.
2305.7 Arrays. Arrays shall comply with Section 2307.4.
2305.8 Flue spaces. Flue spaces shall comply with Section 2308.3.
324FIGURE 2303.7.4
MIXED COMMODITIESa,b
a. This figure is intended to determine the commodity classification of a mixed commodity in a package, carton or on a pallet where plastics are involved.
b. The following is an example of how to apply the figure: A package containing a Class III commodity has 12-percent Group A expanded plastic by volume. The weight of the unexpanded Group A plastic is 10 percent. This commodity is classified as a Class IV commodity. If the weight of the unexpanded plastic is increased to 14 percent, the classification changes to a high-hazard commodity.
325COMMODITY CLASS | SIZE OF HIGH-PILED STORAGE AREAa (square feet) (see Sections 2306.2 and 2306.4) | ALL STORAGE AREAS (See Sections 2306, 2307 and 2308)b | SOLID-PILED STORAGE, SHELF STORAGE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE (see Section 2307.3) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Automatic fire-extinguishing system (see Section 2306.4) | Fire detection system (see Section 2306.5) | Building access (see Section 2306.6) | Smoke and heat removal (see Section 2306.7) | Draft curtains (see Section 2306.7) | Maximum pile dimensionc (feet) | Maximum permissible storage heightd (feet) | Maximum pile volume (cubic feet) | ||
For SI:1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2. | |||||||||
a. When automatic sprinklers are required for reasons other than those in Chapter 23, the portion of the sprinkler system protecting the high-piled storage area shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sections 2307 and 2308. | |||||||||
b. For aisles, see Section 2306.9. | |||||||||
c. Piles shall be separated by aisles complying with Section 2306.9. | |||||||||
d. For storage in excess of the height indicated, special fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Note g when required by the fire code official. See also Chapters 28 and 34 for special limitations for aerosols and flammable and combustible liquids, respectively. | |||||||||
e. Section 503 shall apply for fire apparatus access. | |||||||||
f. For storage exceeding 30 feet in height, Option 1 shall be used. | |||||||||
g. Special fire protection provisions including, but not limited to, fire protection of exposed steel columns; increased sprinkler density; additional in-rack sprinklers, without associated reductions in ceiling sprinkler density; or additional fire department hose connections shall be provided when required by the fire code official. | |||||||||
h. High-piled storage areas shall not exceed 500,000 square feet. A 2-hour fire wall constructed in accordance with the California Building Code shall be used to divide high-piled storage exceeding 500,000 square feet in area. | |||||||||
i. Not required when an automatic fire-extinguishing system is designed and installed to protect the high-piled storage area in accordance with Sections 2307 and 2308. | |||||||||
j. Not required when storage areas are protected by early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinkler systems installed in accordance with NFPA 13. This footnote shall not apply to any state institution or other state-owned or state-occupied buildings or other applications listed in Section 1.11 regulated by the Office of theState Fire Marshal. | |||||||||
I-IV | 0-500 | Not Requireda | Not Required | Not Requirede | Not Required | Not Required | Not Required | Not Required | Not Required |
501-2,500 | Not Requireda | Yesi | Not Requirede | Not Required | Not Required | 100 | 40 | 100,000 | |
2,501-12,000 Public accessible | Yes | Not Required | Not Requirede | Not Required | Not Required | 100 | 40 | 400,000 | |
2,501-12,000 Nonpublic accessible (Option 1) | Yes | Not Required | Not Requirede | Not Required | Not Required | 100 | 40 | 400,000 | |
2,501-12,000 Nonpublic accessible (Option 2) | Not Requireda | Yes | Yes | Yesj | Yesj | 100 | 30f | 200,000 | |
12,001-20,000 | Yes | Not Required | Yes | Yesj | Not Required | 100 | 40 | 400,000 | |
20,001-500,000 | Yes | Not Required | Yes | Yesj | Not Required | 100 | 40 | 400,000 | |
Greater than 500,000g | Yes | Not Required | Yes | Yesj | Not Required | 100 | 40 | 400,000 | |
High hazard | 0-500 | Not Requireda | Not Required | Not Requirede | Not Required | Not Required | 50 | Not Required | Not Required |
501-2,500 Public accessible | Yes | Not Required | Not Requirede | Not Required | Not Required | 50 | 30 | 75,000 | |
501-2,500 Nonpublic accessible (Option 1) | Yes | Not Required | Not Requirede | Not Required | Not Required | 50 | 30 | 75,000 | |
501-2,500 Nonpublic accessible (Option 2) | Not Requireda | Yes | Yes | Yesj | Yesj | 50 | 20 | 50,000 | |
2,501-300,000 | Yes | Not Required | Yes | Yesj | Not Required | 50 | 30 | 75,000 | |
300,001-500,000g.h | Yes | Not Required | Yes | Yesj | Not Required | 50 | 30 | 75,000 |
2306.1 General. Fire protection and life safety features for high-piled storage areas shall be in accordance with Sections 2306.2 through 2306.10.
2306.2 Extent and type of protection. Where required by Table 2306.2, fire detection systems, smoke and heat removal, draft curtains and automatic sprinkler design densities shall extend the lesser of 15 feet (4572 mm) beyond the high-piled storage areaor to a permanent partition. Where portions of high–piled storage areashave different fire protection requirements because of commodity, method of storage or storage height, the fire protection features required by Table 2306.2 within this area shall be based on the most restrictive design requirements.
2306.3 Separation of high-piled storage areas. High-piled storage areasshall be separated from other portions of the building where required by Sections 2306.3.1 through 2306.3.2.2.
2306.3.1 Separation from other uses. Mixed occupancies shall be separated in accordance with the California Building Code.
2306.3.2 Multiple high-piled storage areas. Multiple high-piled storage areas shall be in accordance with Section 2306.3.2.1 or 2306.3.2.2.
2306.3.2.1 Aggregate area. The aggregate of all high-piled storage areaswithin a building shall be used for the application of Table 2306.2 unless such areas are separated from each other by 1-hour fire barrier walls constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.Openings in such walls shall be protected by opening protective assemblies having a 1-hour fire protection rating.
2306.3.2.2 Multiclass high-piled storage areas. High-piled storage areas classified as Class I through IV not separated from high-piled storage areas classified as high hazard shall utilize the aggregate of all high-piled storage areas as high hazard for the purposes of the application of Table 2306.2. To be considered as separated, 1-hour fire barrier walls shall be constructed in accordance with the California Building Code. Openings in such walls shall be protected by opening protective assemblies having a 1-hour fire protection rating.
Exception: As provided for in Section 2304.2.
2306.4 Automatic sprinklers. Automatic sprinkler systemsshall be provided in accordance with Section 2307, 2308 and 2309.
2306.5 Fire detection. Where fire detection is required by Table 2306.2 an approved automatic fire detection system shall be installed throughout the high-piled storage area. The system shall be monitored and be in accordance with Section 907.
2306.6 Building access. Where building access is required by Table 2306.2, fire apparatus access roads in accordance with Section 503 shall be provided within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of all portions of the exterior wallsof buildings used for high– piled storage.
Exception:Where fire apparatus access roads cannot be installed because of topography, railways, waterways, non-negotiable grades or other similar conditions, the fire code official is authorized to require additional fire protection.
2306.6.1 Access doors. Where building access is required by Table 2306.2, fire department access doors shall be provided in accordance with this section. Access doors shall be accessible without the use of a ladder.
2306.6.1.1 Number of doors required. A minimum of one access door shall be provided in each 100 lineal feet (30 480 mm), or fraction thereof, of the exterior walls that face required fire apparatus access roads. The required access doors shall be distributed such that the lineal distance between adjacent access doors does not exceed 100 feet (30 480 mm).
2306.6.1.2 Door size and type. Access doors shall not be less than 3 feet (914 mm) in width and 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) in height. Roll-up doors shall not be used unless approved.
2306.6.1.3 Locking devices. Only approved locking devices shall be used.
2306.7 Smoke and heat removal. Where smoke and heat removal are required by Table 2306.2, smoke and heat vents shall be provided in accordance with Section 910. Where draft curtains are required by Table 2306.2, they shall be provided in accordance with Section 910.3.4.
2306.8 Fire department hose connections. Where exit passageways are required by the California Building Code for egress, a Class 1 standpipe system shall be provided in accordance with Section 905.
2306.9 Aisles. Aisles providing access to exits and fire department access doors shall be provided in high-piled storage areasexceeding 500 square feet (46 m2), in accordance with Sections 2306.9.1 through 2306.9.3. Aisles separating storage piles or racks shall comply with NFPA 13. Aisles shall comply with Chapter 10.
Exception:Where aisles are precluded by rack storage systems, alternate methods of access and protection are allowed when approved.
2306.9.1 Width. Aisle width shall be in accordance with Sections 2306.9.1.1 and 2306.9.1.2.
Exceptions:
2306.9.1.1 Sprinklered buildings. Aisles in sprinklered buildings shall be a minimum of 44 inches (1118 mm) wide. Aisles shall be a minimum of 96 inches (2438 mm) wide in high-piled storage areas exceeding 2,500 square
327feet (232 m2) in area, that are accessible to the public and designated to contain high-hazard commodities.
Exception: Aisles in high-piled storage areas exceeding 2,500 square feet (232 m2) in area, that are accessible to the public and designated to contain high-hazard commodities, are protected by a sprinkler system designed for multiple-row racks of high– hazard commodities shall be a minimum of 44 inches (1118 mm) wide.
Aisles shall be a minimum of 96 inches (2438 mm) wide in areas accessible to the public where mechanical stocking methods are used.
2306.9.1.2 Nonsprinklered buildings. Aisles in nonsprinklered buildings shall be a minimum of 96 inches (2438 mm) wide.
2306.9.2 Clear height. The required aisle width shall extend from floor to ceiling. Rack structural supports and catwalks are allowed to cross aisles at a minimum height of 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) above the finished floor level, provided that such supports do not interfere with fire department hose stream trajectory.
2306.9.3 Dead ends. Dead-end aisles shall be in accordance with Chapter 10.
2306.10 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Section 906.
2307.1 General Shelf storage and storage in solid piles, solid piles on pallets and bin box storage in bin boxes not exceeding 5 feet (1524 mm) in any dimension, shall be in accordance with Sections 2306 and this section.
2307.2 Fire protection. Where automatic sprinklers are required by Table 2306.2. an approved automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the building or to 1-hour fire barrier walls constructed in accordance with the California Building Code. Openings in such walls shall be protected by opening protective assemblies having 1 hour fire protection ratings. The design and installation of the automatic sprinkler system and other applicable fire protection shall be in accordance with the California Building Codeand NFPA 13.
2307.2.1 Shelf storage. Shelf storage greater than 12 feet (3658 mm) but less than 15 feet (4572 mm) in height shall be in accordance with the fire protection requirements set forth in NFPA 13. Shelf storage 15 feet (4572 mm) or more in height shall be protected in an approved manner with special fire protection, such as in-rack sprinklers.
2307.3 Pile dimension and height limitations. Pile dimensions, the maximum permissible storage height and pile volume shall be in accordance with Table 2306.2.
2307.4 Array. Where an automatic sprinkler systemdesign utilizes protection based on a closed array clearances shall be provided and maintained as specified by the standard used.
2308.1 General. Rack storage shall be in accordance with Section 2306 and this section. Bin boxes exceeding 5 feet (1524 mm) in any dimension shall be regulated as rack storage.
2308.2 Fire protection. Where automatic sprinklers are required by Table 2306.2, an approved automatic sprinkler systemshall be installed throughout the building or to 1-hour fire barrier walls constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.Openings in such walls shall be protected by opening protective assemblies having 1-hour fire protection ratingThe design and installation of the automatic sprinkler system and other applicable fire protection shall be in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the California Building Code.
2308.2.1 Plastic pallets and shelves. Storage on plastic pallets or plastic shelves shall be protected by approvedspecially engineered fire protection systems.
Exception:Plastic pallets listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2335 shall be treated as wood pallets for determining required sprinkler protection.
2308.2.2 Racks with solid shelving. Racks with solid shelving having an area greater than 32 square feet (3 m2), measured between approvedflue spaces at all four edges of the shelf, shall be in accordance with this section.
Exceptions:
- Racks with mesh, grated, slatted or similar shelves having uniform openings not more than 6 inches (152 mm) apart, comprised of at least 50 percent of the overall shelf area, and with approvedflue spaces are allowed to be treated as racks without solid shelves.
- Racks used for the storage of combustible paper records, with solid shelving, shall be in accordance with NFPA 13.
2308.3 Flue spaces. Flue spaces shall be provided in accordance with Table 2308.3. Required flue spaces shall be maintained.
2308.4 Column protection. Steel building columns shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 13.
2308.5 Extra-high-rack storage systems. Approval of the fire code officialshall be obtained prior to installing extra-high-rack combustible storage.
2308.5.1 Fire protection. Buildings with extra– high– rack combustible storage shall be protected with a specially engineered automatic sprinkler system Extra-high-rack combustible storage shall be provided with additional special fire protection, such as seperation from other buildings and additional built-in fire protection features and fire department access, when required by the fire code official.
RACK CONFIGURATION | AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION | SPRINKLER AT THE CEILING WITH OR WITHOUT MINIMUM IN-RACK SPRINKLERS | IN-RACK SPRINKLERS AT EVERY TIER | NONSPRINKLERED | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤ 25 feet | > 25 feet | Any height | Any height | ||||
Storage height | Option 1 | Option 2 | |||||
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | |||||||
a. Three-inch transverse flue spaces shall be provided at least every 10 feet where ESFR sprinkler protection is provided. | |||||||
b. Random variations are allowed, provided that the configuration does not obstruct water penetration. | |||||||
Single-row rack | Transverse flue space | Sizeb | 3 inches | Not Applicable | 3 inches | Not Required | Not Required |
Vertically aligned | Not Required | Not Applicable | Yes | Not Applicable | Not Required | ||
Longitudinal flue space | Not Required | Not Applicable | Not Required | Not Required | Not Required | ||
Double-row rack | Transverse flue space | Sizeb | 6 inchesa | 3 inches | 3 inches | Not Required | Not Required |
Vertically aligned | Not Required | Not Required | Yes | Not Applicable | Not Required | ||
Longitudinal flue space | Not Required | 6 inches | 6 inches | Not Required | Not Required | ||
Multi-row rack | Transverse flue space | Sizeb | 6 inches | Not Applicable | 6 inches | Not Required | Not Required |
Vertically aligned | Not Required | Not Applicable | Yes | Not Applicable | Not Required | ||
Longitudinal flue space | Not Required | Not Applicable | Not Required | Not Required | Not Required |
2309.1 General. Automated storage shall be in accordance with this section.
2309.2 Automatic sprinklers. Where automatic sprinklers are required by Table 2306.2, the building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
2309.3 Carousel storage. High-piled storage areas having greater than 500 square feet (46 m2) of carousel storage shall be provided with automatic shutdown in accordance with one of the following:
2309.4 Automated rack storage. High-piled storage areas with automated rack storage shall be provided with a manually activated emergency shutdown switch for use by emergency personnel. The switch shall be clearly identified and shall be in a location approved by the fire chief.
2310.1 General. Records storage facilities used for the rack or shelf storage of combustible paper records greater than 12 feet (3658 mm) in height shall be in accordance with Sections 2306 and 2308 and NFPA 13. Palletized storage of records shall be in accordance with Section 2307.
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
2401.1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2402.2 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2401.3 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2403.8.2 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2404.12 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2404.23 | X |
2401.1 Scope. Tents and membrane structures shall comply with this chapter. The provisions of Section 2403 are applicable only to temporary tents and membrane structures. The provisions of Section 2404 are applicable to temporary and permanent tents and membrane structures.
These building standards govern the use of tents, awnings or other fabric enclosures, including membrane (air-supported and air-inflated) structures and places of assemblage, in or under which 10 or more persons may gather for any lawful purpose.
Exceptions:
- Tents, awnings or other fabric enclosures used to cover or enclose private swimming pools and similar facilities on the premises of private one- and two-family dwellings.
- Tents used to conduct committal services on the ground of a cemetery.
- Tents, awnings or other fabric enclosures erected and used within a sound stage, or other similar structural enclosure which is equipped with an overhead automatic sprinkler system.
- Tensioned membrane roof materials supported by rigid frames or installed on a mast and cable system provided such structures conform to the requirements of one of the types of construction as described in these regulations.
- Fabric structures which are part of mobile homes, recreational vehicles, or commercial coaches governed by the provisions of Division 13, Part 2, Health and Safety Code (Department of Housing and Community Development).
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §303.(a) and (b)] Scope.
2401.2 Alternate means of protection. When approved by the enforcing agency, exceptions to the provisions of these buiding standards may be permitted, provided alternate means of protection which are at least equal to these regulations in quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability and safety are provided.
2401.3 Labor camps. Tents used in labor camps for the housing of employees shall have tight wooden floors raised at least 4 inches (102 mm) above ground level having baseboards on all sides to a height of at least 6 inches (152 mm) or shall have concrete slabs with finished surface at least 4 inches (102 mm) above grade having baseboards on all sides to a height of at least 6 inches (152 mm).
Electrical installations serving and installed within tents shall comply with the applicable requirements of the California Electrical Code.
Tents shall not be considered suitable sleeping places when it is found necessary to provide heating facilities in order to maintain a minimum temperature of 60°F (33.3°C) within such tent during the period of occupancy.
Note:See Section 17008 of the Health and Safety Code for definition of labor camp.
2402.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
[B] AIR-INFLATED STRUCTURE. A building where the shape of the structure is maintained by air pressurization of cells or tubes to form a barrel vault over the usable area. Occupants of such a structure do not occupy the pressurized areas used to support the structure.
AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURE. A structure wherein the shape of the structure is attained by air pressure, and occupants of the structure are within the elevated pressure area.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE. An air-inflated, air-supported, cable or frame-covered structure as defined by the International Building Code and not otherwise defined as a tent. See Chapter 31 of the International Building Code.
TENT. A structure, enclosure or shelter, with or without side-walls or drops, constructed of fabric or pliable material supported by any manner except by air or the contents that it protects.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §310.(a) through (c)] Definitions.
2403.1 General. All temporary tents and membrane structures shall comply with this section.
2403.2 Approval required. Tents and membrane structures having an area in excess of 400 square feet (37 m2) shall not be erected, operated or maintained for any purpose without first obtaining a permit and approval from the fire code official.
Exceptions:
- Tents used exclusively for recreational camping purposes.
- Tents open on all sides which comply with all of the following:
- Individual tents having a maximum size of 700 square feet (65 m2).
- The aggregate area of multiple tents placed side by side without a fire break clearance of 12 feet (3658 mm), not exceeding 700 square feet (65 m2) total.
- A minimum clearance of 12 feet (3658 mm) to all structures and other tents.
2403.3 Place of assembly. For the purposes of this chapter, a place of assembly shall include a circus, carnival, tent show, theater, skating rink, dance hall or other place of assembly in or under which persons gather for any purpose.
2403.4 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.6 and 105.7.
2403.5 Use period. Temporary tents, air-supported, air-inflated or tensioned membrane structures shall not be erected for a period of more than 180 days within a 12-month period on a single premises.
2403.6 Construction documents. A detailed site and floor plan for tents or membrane structures with an occupant load of 50 or more shall be provided with each application for approval. The tent or membrane structure floor plan shall indicate details of the means of egress facilities, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating and location and type of heating and electrical equipment.
2403.7 Inspections. The entire tent, air-supported, air-inflated or tensioned membrane structure system shall be inspected at regular intervals, but not less than two times per permit use period, by the permit, owner or agent to determine that the installation is maintained in accordance with this chapter.
Exception:Permit use periods of less than 30 days.
2403.7.1 Inspection report. When required by the fire code official, an inspection report shall be provided and shall consist of maintenance, anchors and fabric inspections.
2403.8 Access, location and parking. Access, location and parking for temporary tents and membrane structures shall be in accordance with this section.
2403.8.1 Access. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided in accordance with Section 503.
2403.8.2 Location. Tents or membrane structures shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of lot lines,buildings, other tents or membrane structures, parked vehicles or internal combustion engines. For the purpose of determining required distances, support ropes and guy wires shall be considered as part of the temporary membrane structure or tent.
Exceptions:
- Separation distance between membrane structures and tents not used for cooking is not required when the aggregate floor area does not exceed 15,000 square feet (1394 m2).
- Membrane structures or tents need not be separated from buildings when all of the following conditions are met:
- The aggregate floor area of the membrane structure or tent shall not exceed 10,000 square feet (929 m2).
- The aggregate floor area of the building and membrane structure or tent shall not exceed the allowable floor area including increases as indicated in the California Building Code.
- Required means of egress are provided for both the building and the membrane structure or tent including travel distances.
- Fire apparatus access roads are provided in accordance with Section 503.
- When approved by the enforcing agency, tents may be located in or on permanent buildings provided such use does not constitute an undue hazard.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §312.] Parking of Vehicles.
Vehicles necessary to the operation of the establishment shall be parked at least 20 feet (6096 mm) from any tent. No other vehicle shall be parked less than 100 feet (30 480 mm) from any tent except vehicles parked on a public street shall park at least 20 feet (6096 mm) from any tent.
2403.8.3 Location of structures in excess of 15,000 square feet in area. Membrane structures having an area of 15,000 square feet (1394 m2) or more shall be located not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from any other tent or structure as measured from the sidewall of the tent or membrane structure unless joined together by a corridor.
2403.8.4 Membrane structures on buildings. Membrane structures that are erected on buildings, balconies, decks or other structures shall be regulated as permanent membrane structures in accordance with Section 3102 of the International Building Code.
2403.8.5 Connecting corridors. Tents or membrane structures are allowed to be joined together by means of corridors. Exit doors shall be provided at each end of such corridor. On each side of such corridor and approximately opposite each other, there shall be provided openings not less than 12 feet (3658 mm) wide.
3342403.8.6 Fire break. An unobstructed fire break passageway or fire road not less than 12 feet (3658 mm) wide and free from guy ropes or other obstructions shall be maintained on all sides of all tents and membrane structures unless otherwise approved by the fire code official.
2403.9 Anchorage required. Tents or membrane structures and their appurtenances shall be adequately roped, braced and anchored to withstand the elements of weather and prevent against collapsing. Documentation of structural stability shall be furnished to the fire code official on request.
2403.10 Temporary air-supported and air-inflated membrane structures. Temporary air-supported and air-inflated membrane structures shall be in accordance with Sections 2403.10.1 through 2403.10.4.
2403.10.1 Door operation. During high winds exceeding 50 miles per hour (22 m/s) or in snow conditions, the use of doors in air-supported structures shall be controlled to avoid excessive air loss. Doors shall not be left open.
2403.10.2 Fabric envelope design and construction. Air-supported and air-inflated structures shall have the design and construction of the fabric envelope and the method of anchoring in accordance with Architecture Fabric Structures Institute ASI 77.
2403.10.3 Blowers. An air-supported structure used as a place of assembly shall be furnished with not less than two blowers, each of which has adequate capacity to maintain full inflation pressure with normal leakage. The design of the blower shall be so as to provide integral limiting pressure at the design pressure specified by the manufacturer.
2403.10.4 Auxiliary power. Places of public assembly for more than 200 persons shall be furnished with either a fully automatic auxiliary engine-generator set capable of powering one blower continuously for 4 hours, or a supplementary blower powered by an internal combustion engine which shall be automatic in operation.
2403.11 Seating arrangements. Seating in tents or membrane structures shall be in accordance with Chapter 10.
2403.12 Means of egress. Means of egress for temporary tents and membrane structures shall be in accordance with Sections 2403.12.1 through 2403.12.8.
2403.12.1 Distribution. Exits shall be spaced at approximately equal intervals around the perimeter of the tent or membrane structure, and shall be located such that all points are 100 feet (30 480 mm) or less from an exit.
2403.12.2 Number. Tents, or membrane structures or a usable portion thereof shall have at least one exit and not less than the number of exits required by Table 2403.12.2. The total width of means of egress in inches (mm) shall not be less than the total occupant load served by a means of egress multiplied by 0.2 inches (5 mm) per person.
OCCUPANT LOAD | MINIMUM NUMBER OF MEANS OF EGRESS | MINIMUM WIDTH OF EACH MEANS OF EGRESS (inches) | MINIMUM WIDTH OF EACH MEANS OF EGRESS (inches) |
---|---|---|---|
Tent | Membrane Structure | ||
For SI: 1 inch=25.4 mm. | |||
a. When the occupant load exceeds 3,000, the total width of means of egress (in inches) shall not be less than the total occupant load multiplied by 0.2 inches per person. | |||
10 to 199 | 2 | 72 | 36 |
200 to 499 | 3 | 72 | 72 |
500 to 999 | 4 | 96 | 72 |
1,000 to 1,999 | 5 | 120 | 96 |
2,000 to 2,999 | 6 | 120 | 96 |
Over 3,000 a | 7 | 120 | 96 |
2403.12.3 Exit openings from tents. Exit openings from tents shall remain open unless covered by a flame-resistant curtain. The curtain shall comply with the following requirements:
2403.12.4 Doors. Exit doors shall swing in the direction of exit travel. To avoid hazardous air and pressure loss in air-supported membrane structures, such doors shall be automatic closing against operating pressures. Opening force at the door edge shall not exceed 15 pounds (66 N).
2403.12.5 Aisle. The width of aisles without fixed seating shall be in accordance with the following:
2403.12.5.1 Arrangement and maintenance. The arrangement of aisles shall be subject to approval by the fire code official and shall be maintained clear at all times during occupancy.
2403.12.6 Exit signs. Exits shall be clearly marked. Exit signs shall be installed at required exit doorways and where otherwise necessary to indicate clearly the direction of egress when the exit serves an occupant load of 50 or more.
2403.12.6.1 Exit sign illumination. Exit signs shall be either listed and labeled in accordance with UL 924 as the internally illuminated type and used in accordance with the listing or shall be externally illuminated by luminaires supplied in the following manner:
2403.12.7 Means of egress illumination. Means of egress shall be illuminated with light having an intensity of not less than 1 foot-candle (11 lux) at floor level while the structure is occupied. Fixtures required for means of egress illumination shall be supplied from a separate circuit or source of power.
2403.12.8 Maintenance of means of egress. The required width of exits, aisles and passageways shall be maintained at all times to a public way. Guy wires, guy ropes and other support members shall not cross a means of egress at a height of less than 8 feet (2438 mm). The surface of means of egress shall be maintained in an approved manner.
2404.1 General. All tents and membrane structure, both temporary and permanent, shall be in accordance with this section. Permanent tents and membrane structures shall also comply with the California Building Code.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §340.] Existing Small Tents.
Existing small tents are exempt from California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 2.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, § 341.] Existing Membrane Structures and Other (Large) Existing Tents.
Existing membranes of membrane structures and large (10 or more capacity) existing tents may continue to be used provided evidence of satisfactory flame resistance is available to the enforcing authority. Such evidence may be in the form of certification that the fabric passes the standard small scale flame resistance test as set forth in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 8 regulations or through passage of effective field tests.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §321.] Abatement of fire or Panic Hazards.
Any condition that present a fire hazard, would contribute to the rapid spread of fire, interfere with the rapid exit of persons from the tents, or interfere with or delay the extinguishment of a fire, shall be immediately corrected as ordered by the enforcing authority.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §315.(a)] Flame Resistance Standards.
Tent tops and sidewalls shall be made either from fabric which has been flame resistant treated with an approved exterior chemical process by an approved application concern, or from inherently flame resistant fabric approved and listed by the State Fire Marshal.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §332.(a)] Flame Resistance.
Exceptions:
- Tents used for committal services at cemeteries
- Tents or similar fabric enclosures used within a sound stage or equivalent enclosure equipped with an overhead automatic fire extinguishing system
2404.2 Flame propagation performance treatment. Before a permit is granted, the owner or agent shall file with the fire code official a certificate executed by an approved testing laboratory certifying that the tents and memberane structures and their appurtenances; sidewalls, drops and tarpaulins; floor coverings, bunting and combustible decorative materials and effects, including sawdust when used on floors or passage ways, are composed of material meeting the flame propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701 or shall be treated with a flame retardant in an approved manner and meet the flame propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701, and that such flame propagation performance criteria are effective for the period specified by the permit.
3362404.3 Label. Membrane structures or tents shall have a permanently affixed label bearing the identification of size and fabric or material type.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §334.] Requirements Pertaining to All Tents.
All tents manufactured for sale in California shall be labeled in accordance with the appropriate provisions of California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 335.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §335.(a) and (b)] Labeling of Tents.
In lieu of attached labels, the required information may be applied directly to the fabric by print, stamp or stencil.
24 pt type WARNING
16 pt type KEEP ALL FLAME AND HEAT SOURCES AWAY FROM THIS TENT FABRIC
12 pt type This tent is made with flame resistant fabric which meets CPAI-84 specifications.
It is not fireproof. The fabric will burn if left in continuous contact with any flame source.
The application of any foreign substance to the tent fabric may render the flame resistant properties ineffective.
This warning label or its equivalent must be permanently affixed to the tent at one conspicuous location, and must block letters on a white background. The first paragraph of the body of the label must be placed in a conspicuous location on each carton containing the tent.
2404.4 Certification. An affidavit or affirmation shall be submitted to the fire code official and a copy retained on the premises on which the tent or air-supported structure is located. The affidavit shall attest to the following information relative to the flame propagation performance criteria of the fabric:
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §315.(d)] Flame Resistance Standards.
(d) Certificates of flame resistance or other documentation affirming the requirements of California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 315, Subsection(a) shall be made available upon request of the enforcement authority.
2404.5 Combustible materials. Hay, straw, shavings or similar combustible materials shall not be located within any tent or membrane structure containing an assembly occupancy, except the materials necessary for the daily feeding and care of animals. Sawdust and shavings utilized for a public performance or exhibit shall not be prohibited provided the sawdust and shavings are kept damp. Combustible materials shall not be permitted under stands or seats at any time.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §315.(b)] Flame Resistance Standards.
(b) Sawdust, shavings or other combustible material used on the floor or ground shall be made flame resistant or when approved by the enforcing authority shall be kept adequately damp when tent is occupied.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §326.(b)] Hazard Abatement.
(b) Hay, straw, trash and other similar flammable material shall be stored more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from any tent except upon approval of the enforcing authority.
Exception: Tents to which the public is not admitted.
2404.6 Smoking. Smoking shall not be permitted in tents or membrane structures. Approved “No Smoking” signs shall be conspicuously posted in accordance with Section 310.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §316.] Smoking Prohibited.
Smoking is not permitted in any tent, and in any adjacent areas where hay or other highly flammable materials are kept. “No Smoking” signs shall be conspicuously posted in all tents open to the public and wherever otherwise specified by the enforcing authority.
2404.7 Open or exposed flame. Open flame or other devices emitting flame, fire or heat or any flammable or combustible liquids, gas, charcoal or other cooking device or any other unapproved devices shall not be permitted inside or located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of the tent or membrane structures while open to the public unless approved by the fire code official.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §317.] Fireworks and Open Flames.
Fireworks, open flame or any device emitting flame or spark shall not be used in or immediately adjacent to any tent while open to the public, except when approved in writing by the enforcing authority.
2404.8 Fireworks. Fireworks shall not be used within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of tents or membrane structures.
2404.9 Spot lighting. Spot or effect lighting shall only be by electricity, and all combustible construction located within 6 feet (1829 mm) of such equipment shall be protected with approved noncombustible insulation not less than 9¼ inches (235 mm) thick.
2404.10 Safety film. Motion pictures shall not be displayed in tents or membrane structures unless the motion picture film is safety film.
2404.11 Clearance. There shall be a minimum clearance of at least 3 feet (914 mm) between the fabric envelope and all contents located inside membrane structures.
2404.12 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided as required by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 2, Article 3, Section 319.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, § 319.(a) through (c)] Fire Extinguishers and Other Fire Protection Equipment.
2404.13 Fire protection equipment. Fire hose lines, water supplies and other auxiliary fire equipment shall be maintained at the site in such numbers and sizes as required by the fire code official.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §319. (d) and (e)] Fire Extinguishers and Other Fire Protection Equipment.
(d) Tents having a capacity of 1,000 or more persons shall be protected on each of the long sides with fire hose lines of at least 1½-inch (38 mm) internal diameter and of sufficient length to reach either end of the tent. The water supply shall be either from the public water mains or from tanks having a capacity of not less than 500 gallons (1893 L). There shall be at least 65 pounds (29 kg) of flowing pressure at the nozzle of the hose line when a ½-inch (12.7 mm) tip is used.
(e) The enforcing authority may modify or waive any of the requirements of this section [Title 19, Divisional, Section 319] and may accept other types of fire extinguishing equipment in lieu of that required by Title 19, Division 1 regulations if, in the authorities’ opinion, reasonable and adequate protection will be afforded.
2404.14 Occupant load factors. The occupant load allowed in an assembly structure, or portion thereof, shall be determined in accordance with Chapter 10.
2404.15 Heating and cooking equipment. Heating and cooking equipment shall be in accordance with Sections 2404.15.1 through 2404.15.7.
2404.15.1 Installation. Heating or cooking equipment, tanks, piping, hoses, fittings, valves, tubing and other related components shall be installed as specified in the California Mechanical Code and shall be approved by the fire code official.
2404.15.2 Venting. Gas, liquid and solid fuel-burning equipment designed to be vented shall be vented to the outside air as specified in the California Mechanical Code. Such vents shall be equipped with approved spark arresters when required. Where vents or flues are used, all portions of the tent or membrane structure shall be not less than 12 inches (305 mm) from the flue or vent.
2404.15.3 Location. Cooking and heating equipment shall not be located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of exits or combustible materials.
2404.15.4 Operations. Operations such as warming of foods, cooking demonstrations and similar operations that use solid flammables, butane or other similar devices which do not pose an ignition hazard, shall be approved.
2404.15.5 Cooking tents. Tents with sidewalks or drops where cooking is performed shall be separated from other tents or membrane structures by a minimum of 20 feet (6096 mm).
2404.15.6 Outdoor cooking. Outdoor cooking that produces sparks or grease-laden vapors shall not be performed within 20 feet (6096 mm) of a tent or membrane structure.
2404.15.7 Electrical heating and cooking equipment. Electrical cooking and heating equipment shall comply with the California Electrical Code.
2404.16 LP-gas. The storage, handling and use of LP-gas and LP-gas equipment shall be in accordance with Sections 2404.16.1 through 2404.16.3.
2404.16.1 General. LP-gas equipment such as tanks, piping, hoses, fittings, valves, tubing and other related components shall be approved and in accordance with Chapter 38 and the California Mechanical Code.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §325.] Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
Liquefied petroleum gas shall not be stored or used in connection with any tent unless the storage containers, equipment, fittings, appliances, placement, use and operation complies with the provisions of California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Article 5, Subchapter 1, Chapter 4.
2404.16.2 Location of containers. LP-gas containers shall be located outside. Safety release valves shall be pointed away from the tent or membrane structure.
2404.16.2.1 Containers 500 gallons or less. Portable LP-gas containers with a capacity of 500 gallons (1893 L) or less shall have a minimum separation between the container and structure not less than 10 feet (3048 mm).
2404.16.2.2 Containers more than 500 gallons. Portable LP-gas containers with a capacity of more than 500 gallons (1893 L) shall have a minimum separation between the container and structures not less than 25 feet (7620 mm).
2404.16.3 Protection and security. Portable LP-gas containers, piping, valves and fittings which are located outside and are being used to fuel equipment inside a tent or membrane structure shall be adequately protected to prevent tampering, damage by vehicles or other hazards and shall be located in an approved location. Portable LP-gas containers shall be securely fastened in place to prevent unauthorized movement.
2404.17 Flammable and combustible liquids. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids and the use of flammable-liquid-fueled equipment shall be in accordance with Sections 2404.17.1 through 2404.17.3.
2404.17.1 Use. Flammable-liquid-fueled equipment shall not be used in tents or membrane structures.
2404.17.2 Flammable and combustible liquid storage. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored outside in an approved manner not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from tents or membrane structures. Storage shall be in accordance with Chapter 34.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §324.(a) and (b)] Flammable and Combustible Liquids.
2404.17.3 Refueling. Refueling shall be performed in an approved location not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from tents or membrane structures.
2404.18 Display of motor vehicles. Liquid- and gas-fueled vehicles and equipment used for display within tents or membrane structures shall be in accordance with Section 2404.18.1 through 2404.18.5.3.
2404.18.1 Batteries. Batteries shall be disconnected in an appropriate manner.
2404.18.2 Fuel. Vehicles or equipment shall not be fueled or defueled within the tent or membrane structure.
2404.18.2.1 Quantity limit. Fuel in the fuel tank shall not exceed one-quarter of the tank capacity or 5 gallons (19 L), whichever is less.
2404.18.2.2 Inspection. Fuel systems shall be inspected for leaks.
2404.18.2.3 Closure. Fuel tank openings shall be locked and sealed to prevent the escape of vapors.
2404.18.3 Location. The location of vehicles or equipment shall not obstruct means of egress.
2404.18.4 Places of assembly. When a compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LP-gas) powered vehicle is parked inside a place of assembly, all the following conditions shall be met:
2404.18.5 Competitions and demonstrations. Liquid and gas-fueled vehicles and equipment used for competition or demonstration within a tent or membrane structure shall comply with Sections 2404.18.5.1 through 2404.18.5.3
2404.18.5.1 Fuel storage. Fuel for vehicles or equipment shall be stored in approved containers in an approved location outside of the structure in accordance with Section 2404.17.2.
2404.18.5.2 Fueling. Refueling shall be performed outside of the structure in accordance with Section 2404.17.3.
2404.18.5.3 Spills. Fuel spills shall be cleaned up immediately.
2404.19 Separation of generators. Generators and other internal combustion power sources shall be separated from tents or membrane structures by a minimum of 20 feet (6096)
339mm) and shall be isolated from contact with the public by fencing, enclosure or other approved means.
2404.20 Standby personnel. When, in the opinion of the fire code official, it is essential for public safety in a tent or membrane structure used as a place of assembly or any other use where people congregate, because of the number of persons, or the nature of the performance, exhibition, display, contest or activity, the owner, agent or lessee shall employ one or more qualified persons, as required and approved, to remain on duty during the times such places are open to the public, or when such activity is being conducted.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §320.] Fire Safety Personnel.
The owners or operators of any tent used as a place of assemblage shall provide at least one qualified fire safety person in every tent having a capacity of 500 persons and one additional qualified persons for each 1,000 additional persons or fraction thereof. Such persons shall be on duty in the tent at all times when the tent is open to the public. They shall be proficient in the handling of fire extinguishers and equipment and shall be familiar with the fire and panic safety regulations. The individual designated under this section shall meet the approval of the fire authority having jurisdiction.
Exception: The enforcing authority may waive or modify the provisions of this section if, in his opinion, public safety will not be jeopardized.
2404.20.1 Duties. Before each performance or the start of such activity, standby personnel shall keep diligent watch for fires during the time such place is open to the public or such activity is being conducted and take prompt measures for extinguishment of fires that occur and assist in the evacuation of the public from the structure.
2404.20.2 Crowd managers. There shall be trained crowd managers or crowd manager/supervisors at a ratio of one crowd manager/supervisor for every 250 occupants, as approved.
2404.21 Combustible vegetation. Combustible vegetation that could create a fire hazard shall be removed from the area occupied by a tent or membrane structure, and from areas within 30 feet (9144 mm) of such structures.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §326.(a)] Hazard Abatement.
2404.22 Combustible waste material. The floor surface inside tents or membrane structures and the grounds outside and within a 30-foot (9144 mm) perimeter shall be kept free of combustible waste and other combustible materials that could create a fire hazard. Such waste shall be stored in approved containers and removed from the premises at least once a day during the period the structure is occupied by the public.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §326.(c)] Hazard Abatement.
(c) Combustible waste shall not be permitted to accumulate on the grounds either inside or outside of tents. Such waste shall be stored in approved containers until removed from the premises.
2404.23 Obstructions. Exits, aisles and passageways shall not be blocked or have their minimum clear width obstructed in any manner by ticket offices, turnstiles, concessions, chairs, equipment, animal chutes, poles or guy ropes, or anything whatsoever, not shall they be blocked by persons for whom no seats are available.
In occupancies having fixed seating, and on request of the owner or manager, the enforcing agency may permit modification from the provisions of this code to accommodate seating for handicapped persons using mechanical aids such as, but not limited to, walkers and wheelchairs.
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopting entire chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
2503.1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2504.2 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2505.1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2505.4 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2505.7 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2505.8 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2505.9 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2506.1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2508.1 | X |
2501.1 Scope. Tire rebuilding plants, tire storage[including tire derived products as defined in Public Resources Code Section 42805.7(a)] and tire byproduct facilities shall comply with this chapter, other applicable requirements of this code and NFPA 13. The storage in buildings shall also comply with Chapter 23.
2501.2 Permit required Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
2502.1 Terms defined in Chapter 2. Words and terms used in this chapter and defined in Chapter 2 shall have the meanings ascribed to them as defined therein.
2503.1 Construction. Tire rebuilding plants shall comply with the requirements of the California Building Code, as to construction, separation from other buildings or other portions of the same building, and protection.
2503.2 Location. Buffing operations shall be located in a room separated from the remainder of the building housing the tire rebuilding or tire recapping operations by a 1-hour fire barrier.
Exception: Buffing operations are not required to be separated where all of the following conditions are met:
- Buffing operations are equipped with an approved continuous automatic water-spray system directed at the point of cutting action;
- Buffing machines are connected to particle-collecting systems providing a minimum air movement of 1,500 cubic feet per minute (cfm)(0.71m3/s) in volume and 4,500 feet per minute (fpm)(23m/s) in-line velocity;and
- The collecting system shall discharge the rubber particles to an approved outdoor noncombustible or fire-resistant container, which is emptied at frequent intervals to prevent overflow.
2503.3 Cleaning. The buffing area shall be cleaned at frequent intervals to prevent the accumulation of rubber particles.
2503.4 Spray rooms and booths. Each spray room or spray booth where flammable or combustible solvents are applied, shall comply with Chapter 15.
2504.1 Open burning. Open burning is prohibited in tire storage yards.
2504.2 Sources of heat. Open flame, cutting, Welding or heating devices, blow torches or highly flammable materials, including but not limited to, inner tubes are prohibited within 40 feet (12 192 mm) of a waste tire pile.
2504.3 Smoking prohibited. Smoking is prohibited in tire storage yards, except in designated areas.
2504.4 Power lines. Tire storage piles shall not be located beneath electrical power lines having a voltage in excess of 750 volts or that supply power to fire emergency systems.
2504.5 Fire safety plan. Theowner or individual in charge of the fire storage yard shall be required to prepare and submit to the code official a fire safety plan for review and approval. The fire safety plan shall include provisions for fire department vehicle access. At least one copy of the fire safety plan shall be prominently posted and maintained at the storage yard.
2504.6 Telephone number. The telephone number of the fire department and location of the nearest telephone shall be posted conspicuously in attended locations.
2505.1 Individual piles. Tire storage shall be restricted to individual piles not exceeding 5000 square feet (464.5 m2) of continuous area.Pile width shall not exceed 50 feet (15 240 mm) Piles shall not exceed 50,000 cubic feet (1416 m3) in volume or 10 feet (3048 mm) in height.
2505.2 Separation of piles. Individual tire storage piles shall be separated from other piles by a clear space of at least 40 feet (12 192 mm).
2505.3 Distance between piles of other stored products. Tire storage piles shall be separated by a clear space of at least 40 feet (12 192 mm) from piles of other stored product.
2505.4 Distance from lot lines and buildings. Tire storage piles shall be located at least 50 feet (15 240 mm) from lot lines and buildings.
Exceptions:
- Tire storage piles containing less than 500 tires shall be permitted to be located no closer than 10 feet (3048 mm) from lot lines or from buildings. Tire storage piles shall not exceed 6 feet(1829 mm) in height line, building or when within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any property line. building or perimeter fencing. Side slopes shall not exceed 60 degrees (1.05 rad). When approved by the fire code official in accordance with Section 1.11.2.4. distances 343 of less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from lot lines or from buildings may be approved.
- When approved by the fire code official in accordance with Section 1.11.2.4, exempted facilities defined in Public Resources Code Sections 42808(c) and 42381 and used tires as defined in Section 42806.5, tire storage piles shall be permitted to be located no closer than 10 feet (3048 mm) from lot lines or from buildings. Tire storage piles shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in height when within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any property line or perimeter fencing. Side slopes shall not exceed 60 degrees (1.05 rad).
- When approved by the fire code official in accordence with Section 1.11.2.4, “minor waste tire dacilities” as defined in Public Resources Code Section 42808, tire storage piles shall be permitted to be located no closer than 10 feet(3048 mm) from lot lines or 50 feet (15240 mm) from building. Tire storage piles shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in height when within 20 feet of any property line or perimenter fencing. Side slopes shall not exceed 60 degree(1.05 rad)
- Existing“minor waste tire storage facilities” as defined in Public Resources Code Section 42808, legally permitted prior to January 1,2011, shall be permitted to maintain tire storage piles located no closer than 10 feet (3048 mm) from lot lines or 50 feet (15 240 mm) from buildings. Tire storage piles shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in height when within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any property line or perimenter fencing. Side slopes shall not exceed 60 degrees(1.05 rad)
2505.5 Fire breaks. Storage yards shall be maintained free from combustible ground vegetation for a distance of 40 feet (12 192 mm) from the stored material to grass and weeds:and for a distance of 100 feet (30 480 mm) from the stored product to brush and forested areas.
2505.6 Volume more than 150000 cubic feet. Where the bulkvolume of stored product is more than 150,000 cubic feet (4248 m3) storage arrangement shall be in accordance with the following:
Separation between groups shall be at least 75 feet (22 860 m) wide.
2505.7 Location of storage. Outdoor waste tire storage shall not be located in any of the following:
2506.1 Required access. New and existing tire storage yards shall be provided with fire apparatus access roads in accordance with Section 503 and Section 2506.2.
2506.2 Location. Fire apparatus access roads shall be located within all pile clearances identified in Section 2505.4 and within all fire breaks required in Section 2505.5. Access roadways shall be within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of any point in the storage yard where storage piles are located, at least 20 feet(6096 mm) from any storage pile.
2507.1 Where required. Where the bulk volume of stored material is more than 20,000 cubic feet (566 m2), a firmly anchored fence or other approved method of security that controls unauthorized access to the storage yard shall surround the storage yard.
2507.2 Construction. The fence shall be constructed of approved material and shall be at least 6 feet (1829 mm) high and provided with gates at least 20 feet (6096 mm) wide.
2507.3 Locking. All gates to the storage yard shall be locked when the storage yard is not staffed.
2507.4 Unobstructed. Gateways shall be kept clear of obstructions and be fully and be fully openable at all times.
2508.1 Water supply. A public or private fire protection water supply shall be provided in accordance with Section 507 and shall be capable of delivering at least 1000 gallons (6785 L) per minute for a duration or at least three hours and at least 2000 gallons (7570 L) per minute for a duration of at least three hours if the sum of altered plus whole waste tires exceeds 10,000. The water supply shall be arranged such that any part of the storage yard can be reached by using not more than 500 feet (152 m) of hose.
2508.2 Fire extinguishers. Buildings or structures shall be provided with portable fire extinguishers in accordance with Section 906. Fuel-fired vehicles operating in the storage yard
344shall be equipped with a minimum 4-A:40-B:C rated portable fire extinguisher.
2509.1 Pile dimensions. Where tires are stored on- tread, the dimension of the pile in the direction of the wheel hole shall not be more than 50 feet (15 240 mm). Tires stored adjacent to or along one wall shall not extend more than 25 feet (7620 mm) from that wall. Other piles shall not be more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) in width.
345 346Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopting entire chapter | x | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below |
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Chapter/Section |
2601.1 Scope. Welding, cutting, open torches and other hot work operations and equipment shall comply with this chapter.
2601.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
2601.3 Restricted areas. Hot work shall only be conducted in areas designed or authorized for that purpose by the personnel responsible for a Hot Work Program. Hot work shall not be conducted in the following areas unless approval has been obtained from the fire code official:
2601.4 Cylinders and containers. Compressed gas cylinders and fuel containers shall comply with this chapter and Chapter 30.
2601.5 Design and installation of oxygen-fuel gas systems. An oxygen-fuel gas system with two or more manifolded cylinders of oxygen shall be in accordance with NFPA 51.
2602.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
HOT WORK. Operations including cutting, welding, Thermit welding, brazing, soldering, grinding, thermal spraying, thawing pipe, installation of torch-applied roof systems or any other similar activity.
HOT WORK AREA. The area exposed to sparks, hot slag, radiant heat, or convective heat as a result of the hot work.
HOT WORK EQUIPMENT. Electric or gas welding or cutting equipment use for hot work.
HOT WORK PERMITS. Permits issued by the responsible person at the facility under the hot work permit program permitting welding or other hot work to be done in locations referred to in Section 2603.3 and pre-permitted by the fire code official.
HOT WORK PROGRAM. A permitted program, carried out by approved facilities-designated personnel, allowing them to oversee and issue permits for hot work conducted by their personnel or at their facility. The intent is to have trained, on-site, responsible personnel ensure that required hot work safety measures are taken to prevent fires and fire spread.
RESPONSIBLE PERSON. A person trained in the safety and fire safety considerations concerned with hot work. Responsible for reviewing the sites prior to issuing permits as part of the hot work permit program and following up as the job progresses.
TORCH-APPLIED ROOF SYSTEM. Bituminous roofing systems using membranes that are adhered by heating with a torch and melting asphalt back coating instead of mopping hot asphalt for adhesion.
2603.1 General. Hot work conditions and operations shall comply with this chapter.
2603.2 Temporary and fixed hot work areas. Temporary and fixed hot work areas shall comply with this section.
2603.3 Hot work program permit. Hot work permits, issued by an approved responsible person under a hot work program, shall be available for review by the fire code official at the time the work is conducted and for 48 hours after work is complete.
2603.4 Qualifications of operators. A permit for hot work operations shall not be issued unless the individuals in charge of performing such operations are capable of performing such operations safely. Demonstration of a working knowledge of the provisions of this chapter shall constitute acceptable evidence of compliance with this requirement.
2603.5 Records. The individual responsible for the hot work area shall maintain “prework check” reports in accordance with Section 2604.3.1 Such reports shall be maintained on the premises for a minimum of 48 hours after work is complete.
2603.6 Signage. Visible hazard identification signs shall be provided where required by Chapter 27. Where the hot work area is accessible to persons other than the operator of the hot work equipment, conspicuous signs shall be posted to warn others before they enter the hot work area. Such signs shall display the following warning:
CAUTION
HOT WORK IN PROGRESS
STAY CLEAR.
2604.1 Protection of combustibles. Protection of combustibles shall be in accordance with Sections 2604.1.1 through 2604.1.9.
2604.1.1 Combustibles. Hot work areas shall not contain combustibles or shall be provided with appropriate shielding to prevent sparks, slag or heat from igniting exposed combustibles.
2604.1.2 Openings. Openings or cracks in walls, floors, ducts or shafts within the hot work area shall be tightly covered to prevent the passage of sparks to adjacent combustible areas, or shielded by metal fire-resistant guards, or curtains shall be provided to prevent passage of sparks or slag.
2604.1.3 Housekeeping. Floors shall be kept clean within the hot work area.
2604.1.4 Conveyor systems. Conveyor systems that are capable of carrying sparks to distant combustibles shall be shielded or shut down.
2604.1.5 Partitions. Partitions segregating hot work areas from other areas of the building shall be noncombustible. In fixed hot work areas, the partitions shall be securely connected to the floor such that no gap exists between the floor and the partition. Partitions shall prevent the passage of sparks, slag, and heat from the hot work area.
2604.1.6 Floors. Fixed hot work areas shall have floors with noncombustible surfaces.
2604.1.7 Precautions in hot work. Hot work shall not be performed on containers or equipment that contains or has contained flammable liquids, gases or solids until the containers and equipment have been thoroughly cleaned, inserted or purged; except that “hot tapping” shall be allowed on tanks and pipe lines when such work is to be conducted by approved personnel.
2604.1.8 Sprinkler protection. Automatic sprinkler protection shall not be shut off while hot work is performed. Where hot work is performed close to automatic sprinklers, noncombustible barriers or damp cloth guards shall shield the individual sprinkler heads and shall be removed when the work is completed. If the work extends over several days, the shields shall be removed at the end of each workday. The fire code official shall approve hot work where sprinkler protection is impaired.
2604.1.9 Fire detection systems. Approved special precautions shall be taken to avoid accidental operation of automatic fire detection systems.
2604.2 Fire watch. Fire watches shall be established and conducted in accordance with Sections 2604.2.1 through 2604.2.6.
2604.2.1 When required. A fire watch shall be provided during hot work activities and shall continue for a minimum of 30 minutes after the conclusion of the work. The fire code official, or the responsible manager under a hot work program, is authorized to extend the fire watch based on the hazards or work being performed.
Exception: Where the hot work area has no fire hazards or combustible exposures.
2604.2.2 Location. The fire watch shall include the entire hot work area. Hot work conducted in areas with vertical or horizontal fire exposures that are not observable by a single individual shall have additional personnel assigned to fire watches to ensure that exposed areas are monitored.
2604.2.3 Duties. Individuals designated to fire watch duty shall have fire-extinguishing equipment readily available and shall be trained in the use of such equipment. Individuals assigned to fire watch duty shall be responsible for extinguishing spot fires and communicating and alarm.
2604.2.4 Fire training. The individuals responsible for performing the hot work and individuals responsible for providing the fire watch shall be trained in the use of portable fire extinguishers.
2604.2.5 Fire hoses. Where hoselines are required, they shall be connected, charged and ready for operation.
2604.2.6 Fire extinguisher. A minimum of one portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 and with a minimum 2-A:20-B:C rating shall be readily accessible within 30 feet (9144 mm) of the location where hot work is performed.
2604.3 Area reviews. Before hot work is permitted and at least once per day while the permit is in effect, the area shall be inspected by the individual responsible for authorizing hot work operations to ensure that it is a fire safe area. Information shown on the permit shall be verified prior to signing the permit in accordance with Section 105.6.
2604.3.1 Pre-hot-work check. A pre-hot-work check shall be conducted prior to work to ensure that all equipment is safe and hazards are recognized and protected. A report of the check shall be kept at the work site during the work and available upon request. The pre-hot-work check shall determine all of the following:
2605.1 General. Devices or attachments mixing air or oxygen with combustible gases prior to consumption, except at the burner or in a standard torch or blow pipe, shall not be allowed unless approved.
2605.2 Cylinder and container storage, handling and use. Storage, handling and use of compressed gas cylinders, containers and tanks shall be in accordance with this section and Chapter 30.
2605.2.1 Cylinders connected for use. The storage or use of a single cylinder of oxygen and a single cylinder of fuel gas located on a cart shall be allowed without requiring the cylinders to be separated in accordance with Section 2703.9.8 or 2703.10.3.6 when the cylinders are connected to regulators, ready for service, equipped with apparatus designed for cutting or welding and all of the following:
2605.3 Precautions. Cylinders, valves, regulators, hose and other apparatus and fittings for oxygen shall be kept free from oil or grease. Oxygen cylinders, apparatus and fittings shall not be handled with oily hands, oily gloves, or greasy tools or equipment.
2605.4 Acetylene gas. Acetylene gas shall not be piped except in approved cylinder manifolds and cylinder manifold connections, or utilized at a pressure exceeding 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (103 kPa) unless dissolved in a suitable solvent in cylinders manufactured in accordance with DOTn 49 CFR Part 178. Acetylene gas shall not be brought in contact with unalloyed copper, except in a blowpipe or torch.
2605.5 Remote locations. Oxygen and fuel-gas cylinders and acetylene generators shall be located away from the hot work area to prevent such cylinders or generators from being heated by radiation from heated materials, sparks or slag; or misdirection of the torch flame.
2605.6 Cylinders shutoff. The torch valve shall be closed and the gas supply to the torch completely shut off when gas welding or cutting operations are discontinued for a period of 1 hour or more.
2605.7 Prohibited operation. Welding or cutting work shall not be held or supported on compressed gas cylinders or containers.
2605.8 Tests. Tests for leaks in piping systems and equipment shall be made with soapy water. The use of flames shall be prohibited for leak testing.
2606.1 General. The frame or case of electric hot work machines, except internal-combustion-engine-driven machines, shall be grounded. Ground connections shall be mechanically strong and electrically adequate for the required current.
2606.2 Return circuits. Welding current return circuits from the work to the machine shall have proper electrical contact at joints. The electrical contact shall be periodically inspected.
2606.3 Disconnecting. Electrodes shall be removed from the holders when electric arc welding or cutting is discontinued for any period of 1 hour or more. The holders shall be located to prevent accidental contact and the machines shall be disconnected from the power source.
2606.4 Emergency disconnect. A switch or circuit breaker shall be provided so that fixed electric welders and control equipment can be disconnected from the supply circuit. The disconnect shall be installed in accordance with the California Electrical Code.
2606.5 Damaged cable. Damaged cable shall be removed from service until properly repaired or replaced.
2607.1 Calcium carbide storage. Storage and handling of calcium carbide shall comply with Chapter 27 of this code and Chapter 9 of NFPA 51.
2608.1 Use of acetylene generators. The use of acetylene generators shall comply with this section and Chapter 6 of NFPA 51A.
2608.2 Portable generators. The minimum volume of rooms containing portable generators shall be 35 times the total gas-generating capacity per charge of all generators in the room. The gas-generating capacity in cubic feet per charge shall be assumed to be 4.5 times the weight of carbide per charge in pounds. The minimum ceiling height of rooms containing
351generators shall be 10 feet (3048 mm). An acetylene generator shall not be moved by derrick, crane or hoist while charged.
2608.3 Protection against freezing. Generators shall be located where water will not freeze. Common salt such as sodium chloride or other corrosive chemicals shall not be utilized for protection against freezing.
2609.1 General. The use of piping manifolds and hose systems shall be in accordance with Section 2609.2 through 2609.7, Chapter 30 and Chapter 5 of NFPA 51.
2609.2 Protection. Piping shall be protected against physical damage.
2609.3 Signage. Signage shall be provided for piping and hose systems as follows:
2609.4 Manifolding of cylinders. Oxygen manifolds shall not be located in an acetylene generator room. Oxygen manifolds shall be located at least 20 feet (6096 mm) away from combustible material such as oil or grease, and gas cylinders containing flammable gases, unless the gas cylinders are separated by a fire partition.
2609.5 Identification of manifolds. Signs shall be posted for oxygen manifolds with service pressures not exceeding 200 psig (1379 kPa). Such signs shall include the words:
LOW-PRESSURE MANIFOLD
DO NOT CONNECT HIGH-PRESSURE CYLINDERS
MAXIMUM PRESSURE 250 PSIG
2609.6 Clamps. Hose connections shall be clamped or otherwise securely fastened.
2609.7 Inspection. Hoses shall be inspected frequently for leaks, burns, wear, loose connections or other defects rendering the hose unfit for service.
352Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
2701.2.2.1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2701.5.1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2701.5.2 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Table 2703.1.1(1) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Table 2703.1.1(2) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2703.10 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2703.10.2 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2703.10.2.1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2703.10.2.2 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2703.10.4 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2703.10.4.1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2703.10.4.2 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2703.10.4.3 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2703.10.4.4 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
2704.3.1 | X |
2701.1 Scope. Prevention, control and mitigation of dangerous conditions related to storage, dispensing, use and handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with this chapter.
This chapter shall apply to all hazardous materials, including those materials regulated elsewhere in this code, except that when specific requirements are provided in other chapters, those specific requirements shall apply in accordance with the applicable chapter. Where a material has multiple hazards, all hazards shall be addressed.
Exceptions:
- The quantities of alcoholic beverages, medicines, foodstuffs, cosmetics and consumer or industrial products containing not more than 50 percent by volume of water-miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solutions not being flammable, in retail or wholesale sales occupancies, are unlimited when packaged in individual containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L).
- Application and release of pesticide and agricultural products and materials intended for use in weed abatement, erosion control, soil amendment or similar applications when applied in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and label directions.
- The off-site transportation of hazardous materials when in accordance with Department of Transportation (DOTn) regulations.
- Building materials not otherwise regulated by this code.
- Refrigeration systems (see Section 606).
- Stationary storage battery systems regulated by Section 608.
- The display, storage, sale or use of fireworks and explosives in accordance with Chapter 33.
- Corrosives utilized in personal and household products in the manufacturers’ original consumer packaging in Group M occupancies.
- The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels and casks.
- The use of wall-mounted dispensers containing alcohol-based hand rubs classified as Class I or II liquids when in accordance with Section 3405.5
2701.1.1 Waiver. The provisions of this chapter are waived when the fire code official determines that such enforcement is preempted by other codes, statutes or ordinances. The details of any action granting such a waiver shall be recorded and entered in the files of the code enforcement agency.
2701.2 Material classification. Hazardous materials are those chemicals or substances defined as such in this code. Definitions of hazardous materials shall apply to all hazardous materials, including those materials regulated elsewhere in this code.
2701.2.1 Mixtures. Mixtures shall be classified in accordance with hazards of the mixture as a whole. Mixtures of hazardous materials shall be classified in accordance with nationally recognized reference standards; by an approved qualified organization, individual, or Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS); or by other approved methods.
2701.2.2 Hazard categories. Hazardous materials shall be classified according to hazard categories. The categories include materials regulated by this chapter and materials regulated elsewhere in this code.
2701.2.2.1 Physical hazards. The material categories listed in this section are classified as physical hazards. A material with a primary classification as a physical hazard can also pose a health hazard.
2701.2.2.2 Health hazards. The material categories listed in this section are classified as health hazards. A material with a primary classification as a health hazard can also pose a physical hazard.
2701.3 Performance-based design alternative. When approved by the fire code official, buildings and facilities where hazardous materials are stored, used or handled shall be permitted to comply with this section as an alternative to compliance with the other requirements set forth in this chapter and Chapters 28 through 44.
2701.3.1 Objective. The objective of Section 2701.3 is to protect people and property from the consequences of unauthorized discharge, fires or explosions involving hazardous materials.
3552701.3.2 Functional statements. Performance-based design alternatives are based on the following functional statements:
2701.3.3 Performance requirements. When safeguards, systems, documentation, written plans or procedures, audits, process hazards analysis, mitigation measures, engineering controls or construction features are required by Sections 2701.3.3.1 through 2701.3.3.18, the details of the design alternative shall be subject to approval by the fire code official. The details of actions granting the use of the design alternatives shall be recorded and entered in this files of the jurisdiction.
2701.3.3.1 Properties of hazardous materials. The physical- and health-hazard properties of hazardous materials on site shall be known and shall be made readily available to employees, neighbors and the fire code official.
2701.3.3.2 Reliability of equipment and operations. Equipment and operations involving hazardous materials shall be designed, installed and maintained to ensure that they reliably operate as intended.
2701.3.3.3 Prevention of unintentional reaction or release. Safeguards shall be provided to minimize the risk of an unintentional reaction or release that could endanger people or property.
2701.3.3.4 Spill mitigation. Spill containment systems or means to render a spill harmless to people or property shall be provided where a spill is determined to be a plausible event and where such an event would endanger people or property.
2701.3.3.5 Ignition hazards. Safeguards shall be provided to minimize the risk of exposing combustible hazardous materials to unintended sources of ignition.
2701.3.3.6 Protection of hazardous materials. Safeguards shall be provided to minimize the risk of exposing hazardous materials to a fire or physical damage whereby such exposure could endanger or lead to the endangerment of people or property.
2701.3.3.7 Exposure hazards. Safeguards shall be provided to minimize the risk of and limit damage from a fire or explosion involving explosive hazardous materials whereby such fire or explosion could endanger or lead to the endangerment of people or property.
2701.3.3.8 Detection of gas or vapor release. Where a release of hazardous materials gas or vapor would cause immediate harm to persons or property, means of mitigating the dangerous effects of a release shall be provided.
2701.3.3.9 Reliable power source. Where a power supply is relied upon to prevent or control an emergency condition that could endanger people or property, the power supply shall be from a reliable source.
2701.3.3.10 Ventilation. Where ventilation is necessary to limit the risk of creating an emergency condition resulting from normal or abnormal operations, means of ventilation shall be provided.
2701.3.3.11 Process hazard analyses. Process hazard analyses shall be conducted to ensure reasonably the protection of people and property from dangerous conditions involving hazardous materials.
2701.3.3.12 Pre-startup safety review. Written documentation of pre-startup safety review procedures shall be developed and enforced to ensure that operations are initiated in a safe manner. The process of developing and updating such procedures shall involve the participation of affected employees.
2701.3.3.13 Operating and emergency procedures. Written documentation of operating procedures and procedures for emergency shut down shall be developed and enforced to ensure that operations are conducted in a safe manner. The process of developing and updating such procedures shall involve the participation of affected employees.
2701.3.3.14 Management of change A written plan for management of change shall be developed and enforced. The process of developing and updating the plan shall involve the participation of affected employees.
2701.3.3.15 Emergency plan. A written emergency plan shall be developed to ensure that proper actions are taken in the event of an emergency, and the plan shall be followed if an emergency condition occurs. The process of developing and updating the plan shall involve the participation of affected employees.
2701.3.3.16 Accident procedures. Written procedures for investigation and documentation of accidents shall be developed, and accidents shall be investigated and documented in accordance with these procedures.
2701.3.3.17 Consequence analysis. Where an accidental release of hazardous materials could endanger people or property, either on or off-site, an analysis of the expected consequences of a plausible release shall be performed and utilized in the analysis and selection of active and passive hazard mitigation controls.
2701.3.3.18 Safety audits. Safety audits shall be conducted on a periodic basis to verify compliance with the requirements of this section.
2701.4 Retail and wholesale storage and display. For retail and wholesale storage and display of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials in Group M occupancies and storage in Group S occupancies, see Section 2703.11.
2701.5 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.6 and 105.7.
356When required by the fire code official, permittees shall apply for approval to permanently close a storage, use or handling facility. Such application shall be submitted at least 30 days prior to the termination of the storage, use or handling of hazardous materials. The fire code official is authorized to required that the application be accompanied by an approved facility closure plan in accordance with Section 2701.6.3.
2701.5.1 Hazardous Materials Management Plan(HMMP).Where required by the fire code official, and applicationfor a permit shall include an HMMP. The HMMP shall include a facility site plan designating the following:
The HMMP shall comply with Health and Safety Code, Chapter 6.95, Sections 25500 through 25545, and Title 19, Division 2, Chapter 4.
2701.5.2 Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement (HMIS). Where required by the fire code official, an applicationfor a permit shall include an HMIS, such as theSuperfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986Title III (SARA), Tier II Report or other approved statement.The HMIS shall include the following information:
The HMIS shall comply with Health and Safety Code, Chapter 6.95, Sections 25500 through 25545, and Title 19, Division 2, Chapter 4.
2701.6 Facility closure. Facilities shall be placed out of service in accordance with Sections 2701.6.1 through 2701.6.3.
2701.6.1 Temporarily out-of-service facilities. Facilities that are temporarily out of service shall continue to maintain a permit and be monitored and inspected.
2701.6.2 Permanently out-of-service facilities. Facilities for which a permit is not kept current or is not monitored and inspected on a regular basis shall be deemed to be permanently out of service and shall be closed in an approved manner. When required by the fire code official. permittees shall apply for approval to close permanently storage, use or handling facilities. The fire code official is authorized to require that such application be accompanied by an approved facility closure plan in accordance with Section 2701.6.3.
2701.6.3 Facility closure plan. When a facility closure plan is required in accordance with Section 2701.5 to terminate storage, dispensing, handling or use of hazardous materials, it shall be submitted to the fire code official at least 30 days prior to facility closure. The plan shall demonstrate that hazardous materials which are stored, dispensed, handled or used in the facility will be transported, disposed of or reused in a manner that eliminates the need for further maintenance and any threat to public health and safety.
2702.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter, Chapters 28 through 44 and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
BOILING POINT. The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch (psia) (101 kPa) or 760 mm of mercury. Where an accurate boiling point is unavailable for the material in question, or for mixtures which do not have a constant boiling point, for the purposes of this classification, the 20-percent evaporated point of a distillation performed in accordance with ASTM D 86 shall be used as the boiling point of the liquid.
CEILING LIMIT. The maximum concentration of an air-borne contaminant to which one may be exposed. The ceiling limits utilized are those published in DOL 29 CFR Part 1910.1000. The ceiling Recommended Exposure Limit (REL-C) concentrations published by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Threshold Limit Value—Ceiling (TLV-C) concentrations published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygenists (ACGIH), Ceiling Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL-Ceiling) Guides published by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), and other approved, consistent measures are allowed as surrogates for hazardous substances not listed in DOL 29 CFR Part 1910.1000.
CHEMICAL . An element, chemical compound or mixture of elements or compounds or both.
CHEMICAL NAME. The scientific designation of a chemical in accordance with the nomenclature system developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the Chemical Abstracts Service rules of nomenclature, or a name which will clearly identify a chemical for the purpose of conducting an evaluation.
357MATERIAL | STORAGEd | USE-CLOSED SYSTEMSd | USE-OPEN SYSTEMSd | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solid poundse,f | Liquid gallons (pounds)e,f | Gas cubic feet at NTP (pounds)e | Solid poundse | Liquid gallons (pounds)e | Gas cubic feet at NTP (pounds)e | Solid poundse | Liquid gallons (pounds)e | |
For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m³, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. | ||||||||
a. For use of control areas, see Section 2703.8.3. | ||||||||
b. In retail and wholesale sales occupancies, the quantities of medicines, foodstuffs, consumer or industrial products, and cosmetics, containing not more than 50 percent by volume of water-miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solutions not being flammable, shall not be limited, provided that such materials are packaged in individual containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons. | ||||||||
c. For storage and display quantities in Group M and storage quantities in Group S occupancies complying with Section 2703.11, see Table 2703.11.1. | ||||||||
d. The aggregate quantity in use and storage shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage. | ||||||||
e. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent in buildings equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Where Note f also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively. This footnote shall not be applicable to Group L occupancies. | ||||||||
f. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets, gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures. Where Note also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively. | ||||||||
g. Allowed only when stored in approved exhausted gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures. | ||||||||
h. Quantities in parentheses indicate quantity units in parentheses at the head of each column. | ||||||||
i. For gallons of liquids, divide the amount in pounds by 10 in accordance with Section 2703.1.2. | ||||||||
Corrosives | 5,000 | 500 | Gaseous 810 Liquefied (150) |
5,000 | 500 | Gaseous 8 10f Liquefied (150) |
1,000 | 100 |
Highly toxies | 10 | (10) | Gaseous 20 Liquefied (4)g |
10 | (10) | Gaseous 20g Liquefied (4)g |
3 | (3) |
Toxics | 500 | (500) | Gaseous 810f Liquefied(150)f |
500 | (500) | Gaseous 810f Liquefied (150)f |
125 | (125)i |
MATERIAL | CLASS | STORAGEb | USE-CLOSED SYSTEMSb | USE-OPEN SYSTEMSb | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solid pounds (cubic feet) | Liquid gallons (pounds)d | Gas cubic feet at NTP | Solid pounds (cubic feet) | Liquid gallons (pounds)d | Gas cubic feet at NTP | Solid pounds (cubic feet) | Liquid gallons (pounds)d | ||
For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m³ | |||||||||
a. For gallons of liquids, divide the amount in pounds by 10 in accordance with Section 2703.1.2. | |||||||||
b. The aggregate quantities in storage and use shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage. | |||||||||
c. The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowed in outdoor storage per single property under the same ownership or control used for retail or wholesale sales is allowed to exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control are when such storage is in accordance with Section 2703.11. | |||||||||
d. Quantities in parentheses indicate quantity units in parentheses at the head of each column. | |||||||||
Flammable gas | Gaseous | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | 3,000 | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | 1,500 | Not Applicable | Not Applicable |
Liquefied | (300) | Not Applicable | (150) | Not Applicable | |||||
Flammable solid | Not Applicable | 500 | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | 250 | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | 50 | Not Applicable |
Insert Gas | Gaseous | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Limited | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Limited | Not Applicable | Not Applicable |
Liquefied | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Limited | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Limited | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | |
Cryogenic inert | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Limited | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Limited | Not Applicable | Not Applicable |
Organic peroxide | Unclassified Detonable | 1 | (1) | Not Applicable | 0.25 | (0.25) | Not Applicable | 0.25 | (0.25) |
Organic peroxide | I | 20 | (20) | Not Applicable | 10 | (10) | Not Applicable | 2 | (2) |
II | 200 | (200) | 100 | (100) | 20 | (20) | |||
III | 500 | (500) | 250 | (250) | 50 | (50) | |||
IV | 1,000 | (1,000) | 500 | (500) | 100 | (100) | |||
V | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | |||
Oxidizer | 4 | 2 | (2) | Not Applicable | 1 | (1) | Not Applicable | 0.25 | (0.25) |
3 | 40 | (40) | 20 | (20) | 4 | (4) | |||
2 | 1,000 | (1,000) | 500 | (500) | 100 | (100) | |||
1 | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | |||
Oxidizing gas | Gaseous Liquiefied | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | 6,000 | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | 1,500 | Not Applicable | Not Applicable |
(600) | Not Applicable | (300) | Not Applicable | ||||||
Pyrophoric | Not Applicable | 8 | (8) | 100 | 4 | (4) | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Unstable (reactive) | 4 | 2 | (2) | Not Applicable | 1 | (1) | Not Applicable | 0.25 | (0.25) |
3 | 40 | (40) | 20 | (20) | 4 | (4) | |||
2 | 1,000 | (1,000) | 500 | (500) | 100 | (100) | |||
1 | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | |||
Water reactive | 3 | 20 | (20) | Not Applicable | 10 | (10) | Not Applicable | 1 | (1) |
2 | 200 | (200) | 100 | (100) | 10 | (10) | |||
1 | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited |
MATERIAL | STORAGE | USE-CLOSED SYSTEMS | USE-OPEN SYSTEMS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solid pounds | Liquid gallons (pounds) | Gas cubic feet at NTP (gallons) | Solid pounds | Liquid gallons (pounds) | Gas cubic feet at NTP (gallons) | Solid pounds | Liquid gallons (pounds) | |
For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m³, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 pound per square inch absolute = 6.895 kPa, °C = [(°F)-32/1.8]. | ||||||||
a. For gallons of liquids, divide the amount in pounds by 10 in accordance with Section 2703.1.2. | ||||||||
b. The aggregate quantities in storage and use shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage. | ||||||||
c. The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowed in outdoor storage per single property under the same ownership or control used for retail or wholesale sales is allowed to exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area when such storage is in accordance with Section 2703.11. | ||||||||
d. Allowed only when used in approved exhausted gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or under frame hoods. | ||||||||
e. The maximum allowable quantity per control area for toxic liquids with vapor pressures in excess of 1 psia at 77°F shall be the maximum allowable quantity per control area listed for highly toxic liquids. | ||||||||
f. Quantities in parentheses indicate quantity units in parentheses at the head of each column. | ||||||||
Corrosives | 20,000 | 2,000 | Gaseous 1,620 | 10,000 | 1,000 | Gaseous 810 | 1,000 | 100 |
Liquefied (300) | Liquefied (150) | |||||||
Highly toxics | 20 | (20) | Gaseous 40d | 10 | (10) | Gaseous 20d | 3 | (3) |
Liquefied (8)d | Liquefiedd | |||||||
Toxics | 1,000 | (1,000)e | Gaseous 1,620 | 500 | 50e | Gaseous 810 | 125 | (125)e |
Liquefied (300) | Liquefied (150) |
CLOSED CONTAINER. A container sealed by means of a lid or other device such that liquid, vapor or dusts will not escape from it under ordinary conditions of use or handling.
CONTAINER. A vessel of 60 gallons (227 L) or less in capacity used for transporting or storing hazardous materials. Pipes, piping systems, engines and engine fuel tanks are not considered to be containers.
CONTROL AREA. Spaces within a building where quantities of hazardous materials not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area are stored, dispensed, used or handled. See also the definition of “Outdoor control area.”
CYLINDER. A pressure vessel designed for pressures higher than 40 psia (275.6 kPa) and having a circular cross section. It does not include a portable tank, multi-unit tank car tank, cargo tank or tank car.
DAY BOX. A portable magazine designed to hold explosive materials constructed in accordance with the requirements for a Type 3 magazine as defined and classified in Chapter 33.
DEFLAGRATION. An exothermic reaction, such as the extremely rapid oxidation of a flammable dust or vapor in air, in which the reaction progresses through the unburned material at a rate less than the velocity of sound. A deflagration can have an explosive effect.
DESIGN PRESSURE. The maximum gauge pressure that a pressure vessel, device, component or system is designed to withstand safely under the temperature and conditions of use expected.
DETACHED BUILDING. A separate single-story building, without a basement or crawl space, used for the storage or use of hazardous materials and located an approved distance from all structures.
DISPENSING. The pouring or transfering of any material from a container, tank or similar vessel, whereby vapors, dusts, fumes, mists or gases are liberated to the atmosphere.
EXCESS FLOW CONTROL. A fail-safe system or other approved means designed to shut off flow caused by a rupture in pressurized piping systems.
EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE. An appliance or piece of equipment which consists of a top, a back and two sides providing a means of local exhaust for capturing gases, fumes, vapors and mists. Such enclosures include laboratory hoods, exhaust fume hoods and similar appliances and equipment used to retain and exhaust locally the gases, fumes, vapors and mists that could be released. Rooms or areas provided with general ventilation, in themselves, are not exhausted enclosures.
EXPLOSION. An effect produced by the sudden violent expansion of gases, which may be accompanied by a shock wave or disruption, or both, of enclosing materials or structures. An explosion could result from any of the following:
FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES. The concentration of flammable constituents in air that exceeds 25 percent of their lower flammable limit (LFL).
GAS CABINET. A fully enclosed, noncombustible enclosure used to provide an isolated environment for compressed gas cylinders in storage or use. Doors and access ports for exchanging cylinders and accessing pressure-regulating controls are allowed to be included.
GAS ROOM. A separately ventilated, fully enclosed room in which only compressed gases and associated equipment and supplies are stored or used.
HANDLING. The deliberate transport by any means to a point of storage or use.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. Those chemicals or substances which are physical hazards or health hazards as defined and classified in this chapter, whether the materials are in usable or waste condition.
HEALTH HAZARD. A classification of a chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence that acute or chronic health effects are capable of occurring in exposed persons . The term “health hazard” includes chemicals that are toxic, highly toxic and corrosive.
IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH (IDLH). The concentration of air-borne contaminants that poses a threat of death, immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects, or effects that could prevent escape from such an environment. This contaminant concentration level is established by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) based on both toxicity and flammability. It generally is expressed in parts per million by volume (ppm v/v) or milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m³). If adequate data do not exist for precise establishment of IDLH concentrations, an independent certified industrial hygienist, industrial toxicologist, appropriate regulatory agency or other source approved by the fire code official shall make such determination.
INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. Materials that, when mixed, have the potential to react in a manner which generates heat, fumes, gases or byproducts which are hazardous to life or property.
LIQUID. A material having a melting point that is equal to or less than 68°F (20°C) and a boiling point which is greater than 68°F (20°F) at 14.7 psia (101 kPa). When not otherwise identified, the term “liquid” includes both flammable and combustible liquids.
LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL). See “Lower flammable limit.”
LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL). The minimum concentration of vapor in air at which propagation of flame will occur in the presence of an ignition source. The LFL is sometimes referred to as LEL or lower explosive limit.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS). Information concerning a hazardous material which is prepared in accordance with the provisions of DOL 29 CFR Part 1910.1200 or in accordance with the provisions of a federally approved state OSHA plan.
364MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA. The maximum amount of a hazardous material allowed to be stored or used within a control area inside a building or an outdoor control area. The maximum allowable quantity per control area is based on the material state (solid, liquid or gas) and the material storage or use conditions.
NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (NTP). A temperature of 70°F (21°C) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere [14.7 psia (101 kPa)].
OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA. An outdoor area that contains hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities of Table 2703.1.1(3) or 2703.1.1(4).
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL). The maximum permitted 8-hour time-weighted-average concentration of an air-borne contaminant. The exposure limits to be utilized are those published in DOL 29 CFR Part 1910.1000. The Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) concentrations published by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) concentrations published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL) Guides published by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), and other approved, consistent measures are allowed as surrogates for hazardous substances not listed in DOL 29 CFR Part 1910.1000.
PESTICIDE. A substance or mixture of substances, including fungicides, intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating pests and substances or a mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant or desiccant. Products defined as drugs in the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act are not pesticides.
PHYSICAL HAZARD. A chemical for which there is evidence that it is a combustible liquid, cryogenic fluid, explosive, flammable (solid, liquid or gas), organic peroxide (solid or liquid), oxidizer (solid or liquid), oxidizing gas, pyrophoric (solid, liquid or gas), unstable (reactive) material (solid, liquid or gas) or water-reactive material (solid or liquid).
PRESSURE VESSEL. A closed vessel designed to operate at pressures above 15 psig (103 kPa).
SAFETY CAN. An approved container of not more than 5-gallon (19 L) capacity having a spring-closing lid and spout cover so designed that it will relieve internal pressure when subjected to fire exposure.
SECONDARY CONTAINMENT. That level of containment that is external to and separate from primary containment.
SEGREGATED. Storage in the same room or inside area, but physically separated by distance from incompatible materials.
SOLID. A material that has a melting point and decomposes or sublimes at a temperature greater than 68°F (20°C).
STORAGE, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. The keeping, retention or leaving of hazardous materials in closed containers, tanks, cylinders, or similar vessels; or vessels supplying operations through closed connections to the vessel.
SYSTEM. An assembly of equipment consisting of a tank, container or containers, appurtenances, pumps, compressors and connecting piping.
TANK, ATMOSPHERIC. A storage tank is designed to operate at pressures from atmospheric through 1.0 pound per square inch gauge (760 mm Hg through 812 mm Hg)measured at the top of the tank.
TANK, PORTABLE. A packaging of more than 60-gallon (227 L) capacity and designed primarily to be loaded into or on or temporarily attached to a transport vehicle or ship and equipped with skids, mountings or accessories to facilitate handling of the tank by mechanical means. It does not include any cylinder having less than a 1,000-pound (454 kg) water capacity, cargo tank, tank car tank or trailers carrying cylinders of more than 1,000-pound (454 kg) water capacity.
TANK, STATIONARY. Packaging designed primarily for stationary installations not intended for loading, unloading or attachment to a transport vehicle as part of its normal operation in the process of use. It does not include cylinders having less than a 1,000-pound (454 kg) water capacity.
TANK VEHICLE. A vehicle other than a railroad tank car or boat, with a cargo tank mounted thereon or built as an integral part thereof, used for the transportation of flammable or combustible liquids, LP-gas or hazardous chemicals. Tank vehicles include self-propelled vehicles and full trailers and semitrailers, with or without motive power, and carrying part or all of the load.
UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE. A release or emission of materials in a manner which does not conform to the provisions of this code or applicable public health and safety regulations.
USE (MATERIAL). Placing a material into action, including solids, liquids and gases.
VAPOR PRESSURE. The pressure exerted by a volatile fluid as determined in accordance with ASTM D 323.
2703.1 Scope. The storage, use and handling of all hazardous materials shall be in accordance with this section.
2703.1.1 Maximum allowable quantity per control area. The maximum allowable quantity per control area shall be as specified in Tables 2703.1.1(1) through 2703.1.1(4).
For retail and wholesale storage and display in Group M occupancies and Group S storage, see Section 2703.11.
2703.1.2 Conversion. Where quantities are indicated in pounds and when the weight per gallon of the liquid is not provided to the fire code official, a conversion factor of 10 pounds per gallon (1.2 kg/L) shall be used.
2703.1.3 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage, use an handling of hazardous materials in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) through 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701 and 2703.
3652703.1.4 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of hazardous materials in quantities exceeding themaximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 2703.1.1(1) through 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with this chapter.
2703.2 Systems, equipment and processes. Systems, equipment and processes utilized for storage, dispensing, use or handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.2.1 through 2703.2.8.
2703.2.1 Design and construction of containers, cylinders and tanks. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance withapproved standards. Containers, cylinders, tanks and other means used for containment of hazardous materials shall be of an approved type. Pressure vessels shall comply with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
2703.2.2 Piping, tubing, valves and fittings. Piping, tubing, valves and fittings conveying hazardous materials shall be designed and installed in accordance with approved standards and shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.2.2.1 and 2703.2.2.2.
2703.2.2.1 Design and construction. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components used for hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the following:
Health Class 3 or 4
Flammability Class 4
Instability Class 3 or 4
in accordance with NFPA 704 are carried in pressurized piping above 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (103 kPa), an approved means of leak detection and emergency shutoff or excess flow control shall be provided. Where the piping originates from within a hazardous material storage room or area, the excess flow control shall be located within the storage room or area. Where the piping originates from a bulk source, the excess flow control shall be located as close to the bulk source as practical.
Exceptions:
- Piping for inlet connections designed to prevent backflow.
- Piping for pressure relief devices.
2703.2.2.2 Additional regulations for supply piping for health-hazard materials. Supply piping and tubing for gases and liquids having a health-hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 shall be in accordance with ASME B 31.3 and the following:
Exception: Piping and tubing within the space defined by the walls of corridors and the floor or roof above or in concealed spaces above other occupancies when installed in accordance with Section 415.8.6.3 of the California Building Code for Group H-5 occupancies.
2703.2.3 Equipment, machinery and alarms. Equipment, machinery and required detection and alarm systems associated with the use, storage or handling of hazardous materials shall be listed or approved.
2703.2.4 Installation of tanks. Installation of tanks shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.2.4.1 through 2703.2.4.2.1.
2703.2.4.1 Underground tanks. Underground tanks used for the storage of liquid hazardous materials shall be provided with secondary containment. In lieu of providing secondary containment for an underground tank, an above-ground tank in an underground vault complying with Section 3404.2.8 shall be permitted.
366A DETACHED BUILDING IS REQUIRED WHEN THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL EXCEEDS THAT LISTED HEREIN | |||
---|---|---|---|
Material | Class | Solids and liquids (tons)a,b | Gases (cubic feet)a,b |
For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832m3, 1 ton = 2000 lbs. = 907.2kg. | |||
a. For materials which are detonable, the distance to other buildings or lot lines shall be as specified in the California Building Code. For materials classified as explosives, the required separation distances shall be as specified in Chapter 33. | |||
b. “Maximum Allowable Quantity” means the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 2703.1.1(1). | |||
c. Limited to Division 1.4 materials and articles, including articles packaged for shipment, that are not regulated as an explosive under Bureau of Alcohol. Tobacco and Firearms regulations, or unpackaged articles used in process operations that do not propagate a detonation or deflagration between articles, providing the net explosive weight of individual articles does not exceed 1 pound. | |||
Explosives | Division 1.1 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | Not Applicable |
Division 1.2 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | ||
Division 1.3 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | ||
Division 1.4 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | ||
Division 1.4c | 1 | ||
Division 1.5 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | ||
Division 1.6 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | ||
Oxidizers | Class 4 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | Maximum Allowable Quantity |
Unstable (reactives) detonable | Class 3 or 4 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | Maximum Allowable Quantity |
Oxidizer, liquids and solids | Class 3 | 1,200 | Not Applicable |
Class 2 | 2,000 | ||
Organic peroxides | Detonable | Maximum Allowable Quantity | Not Applicable |
Class I | Maximum Allowable Quantity | ||
Class II | 25 | ||
Class III | 50 | ||
Unstable (reactives) nondetonable | Class 3 | 1 | 2,000 |
Class 2 | 25 | 10,000 | |
Water reactives | Class 3 | 1 | Not Applicable |
Class 2 | 25 | ||
Pyrophoric gases | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | 2,000 |
FLOOR LEVEL | PERCENTAGE OF THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREAa |
NUMBER OF CONTROL AREAS PER FLOOR |
FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING FOR FIRE BARRIERS IN HOURSb |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
a. Percentages shall be of the maximum allowable quantity per control area shown in Table 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2), with all increases allowed in the footnotes to those tables. | ||||
b. Fire barriers shall include walls and floors as necessary to provide separation from other portions of the building. | ||||
Above grade plane | Higher than 9 | 5 | 1 | 2 |
7–9 | 5 | 2 | 2 | |
6 | 12.5 | 2 | 2 | |
5 | 12.5 | 2 | 2 | |
4 | 12.5 | 2 | 2 | |
3 | 50 | 2 | 1 | |
2 | 75 | 3 | 1 | |
1 | 100 | 4 | 1 | |
Below grade plane | 1 | 75 | 3 | 1 |
2 | 50 | 2 | 1 | |
Lower than 2 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | 1 |
2703.2.4.2 Above-ground tanks. Above-ground stationary tanks used for the storage of hazardous materials shall be located and protected in accordance with the requirements for outdoor storage of the particular material involved.
Exception: Above-ground tanks that are installed in vaults complying with Section 3003.16 or 3404.2.8 shall not be required to comply with location and protection requirements for outdoor storage.
2703.2.5 Empty containers and tanks. Empty containers and tanks previously used for the storage of hazardous materials shall be free from residual material and vapor as defined by DOTn, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) or other regulating authority or maintained as specified for the storage of hazardous material.
2703.2.6 Maintenance. In addition to the requirements of Section 2703.2.3, equipment, machinery and required detection and alarm systems associated with hazardous materials shall be maintained in an operable condition. Defective containers, cylinders and tanks shall be removed from service, repaired or disposed of in an approved manner. Defective equipment or machinery shall be removed from service and repaired or replaced. Required detection and alarm systems shall be replaced or repaired where defective.
2703.2.6.1 Tanks out of service for 90 days. Stationary tanks not used for a period of 90 days shall be properly safeguarded or removed in an approved manner. Such tanks shall have the fill line, gauge opening and pump connection secured against tampering. Vent lines shall be properly maintained.
2703.2.6.1.1 Return to service. Tanks that are to be placed back in service shall be tested in an approved manner.
2703.2.6.2 Defective containers and tanks. Defective containers and tanks shall be removed from service, repaired in accordance with approved standards or disposed of in an approved manner.
2703.2.7 Liquid-level limit control. Atmospheric tanks having a capacity greater than 500 gallons (1893 L) and which contain hazardous material liquids shall be equipped with a liquid-level limit control or other approved means to prevent overfilling of the tank.
2703.2.8 Seismic protection. Machinery and equipment utilizing hazardous materials shall be braced and anchored in accordance with the seismic design requirements of the California Building Code for the seismic design category in which the machinery or equipment is classified.
2703.2.9 Testing. The equipment, devices and systems listed in Section 2703.2.9.1 shall be tested at the time of installation and at one of the intervals listed in Section 2703.2.9.2. Written records of the tests conducted or maintenance performed shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions of Section 107.2.1.
Exceptions:
- Periodic testing shall not be required where approved written documentation is provided stating that testing will damage the equipment, device or system and the equipment, device or system is maintained as specified by the manufacturer.
- Periodic testing shall not be required for equipment, devices and systems that fail in a fail-safe manner.
- Periodic testing shall not be required for equipment, devices and systems that self-diagnose and report trouble. Records of the self-diagnosis and trouble reporting shall be made available to the fire code official.
- Periodic testing shall not be required if system activation occurs during the required test cycle for the components activated during the test cycle.
- Approved maintenance in accordance with Section 2703.2.6 that is performed not less than annually or in accordance with an approved schedule shall be allowed to meet the testing requirements set forth in Sections 2703.2.9.1 and 2703.2.9.2.
2703.2.9.1 Equipment, devices and systems requiring testing. The following equipment, systems and devices shall be tested in accordance with Sections 2703.2.9 and 2703.2.9.2.
2703.2.9.2 Testing frequency. The equipment, systems and devices listed in Section 2703.2.9.1 shall be tested at one of the frequencies listed below:
2703.3 Release of hazardous materials. Hazardous materials in any quantity shall not be released into a sewer, storm drain, ditch, drainage canal, creek, stream, river, lake or tidal waterway or on the ground, sidewalk, street, highway or into the atmosphere.
368Exceptions:
- The release or emission of hazardous materials is allowed when in compliance with federal, state or local governmental agencies, regulations or permits.
- The release of pesticides is allowed when used in accordance with registered label directions.
- The release of fertilizer and soil amendments is allowed when used in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.
2703.3.1 Unauthorized discharges. When hazardous materials are released in quantities reportable under state, federal or local regulations, thefire code official shall be notified and the following procedures required in accordance with Sections 2703.3.1.1 through 2703.3.1.4.
2703.3.1.1 Records. Accurate records shall be kept of the unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials by the permittee.
2703.3.1.2 Preparation. Provisions shall be made for controlling and mitigating unauthorized discharges.
2703.3.1.3 Control. When an unauthorized discharge caused by primary container failure is discovered, the involved primary container shall be repaired or removed from service.
2703.3.1.4 Responsibility for cleanup. The person, firm or corporation responsible for an unauthorized discharge shall institute and complete all actions necessary to remedy the effects of such unauthorized discharge, whether sudden or gradual, at no cost to the jurisdiction. When deemed necessary by thefire code official, cleanup may be initiated by the fire department or by an authorized individual or firm. Costs associated with such cleanup shall be borne by theowner, operator or otherperson responsible for the unauthorized discharge.
2703.4 Material Safety Data Sheets. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) shall be readily available on the premises for hazardous materials regulated by this chapter. When a hazardous substance is developed in a laboratory, available information shall be documented.
Exception: Designated hazardous waste.
2703.5 Hazard identification signs. Unless otherwise exempted by the fire code official, visible hazard identification signs as specified in NFPA 704 for the specific material contained shall be placed on stationary containers and above-ground tanks and at entrances to locations where hazardous materials are stored, dispensed, used or handled in quantities requiring a permit and at specific entrances and locations designated by the fire code official.
2703.5.1 Markings. Individual containers, cartons or packages shall be conspicuously marked or labeled in an approved manner. Rooms or cabinets containing compressed gases shall be conspicuously labeled: COMPRESSED GAS.
2703.6 Signs. Signs and markings required by Sections 2703.5 and 2703.5.1 shall not be obscured or removed, shall be in English as a primary language or in symbols allowed by this code, shall be durable, and the size, color and lettering shall be approved.
2703.7 Sources of ignition. Sources of ignition shall comply with Sections 2703.7.1 through 2703.7.3.
2703.7.1 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited and “No Smoking” signs provided as follows:
Signs required by this section shall be in English as a primary language or in symbols allowed by this code and shall comply with Section 310.
2703.7.2 Open flames. Open flames and high-temperature devices shall not be used in a manner which creates a hazardous condition and shall be listed for use with the hazardous materials stored or used.
2703.7.3 Industrial trucks. Powered industrial trucks used in areas designated as hazardous (classified) locations in accordance with the California Electrical Code shall be listed and labeled for use in the environment intended in accordance with NFPA 505.
2703.8 Construction requirements. Buildings, control areas, enclosures and cabinets for hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.8.1 through 2703.8.6.3.
2703.8.1 Buildings. Buildings, or portions thereof, in which hazardous materials are stored, handled or used shall be constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.
2703.8.2 Required detached buildings. Group H occupancies containing quantities of hazardous materials in excess of those set forth in Table 2703.8.2 shall be in detached buildings.
2703.8.3 Control areas. Control areas shall comply with Sections 2703.8.3.1 through 2703.8.3.5.
2703.8.3.1 Construction requirements. Control areas shall be separated from each other by fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 of the California Building Code or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 712 of the California Building Code, or both.
3692703.8.3.2 Percentage of maximum allowable quantities. The percentage of maximum allowable quantities of hazardous materials per control area allowed at each floor level within a building shall be in accordance with Table 2703.8.3.2.
2703.8.3.3 Number. The maximum number of control areas per floor within a building shall be in accordance with Table 2703.8.3.2.
2703.8.3.4 Fire-resistance-rating requirements. The required fire-resistance rating for fire barriers shall be in accordance with Table 2703.8.3.2. The floor assembly of the control area and the construction supporting the floor of the control area shall have a minimum 2-hour fire-resistance rating.
Exception: The floor assembly of the control area and the construction supporting the floor of the control area is allowed to be 1-hour fire-resistance rated in buildings of Type IIA, IIIA and VA construction, provided that both of the following conditions exist:
- The building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1; and
- The building is three stories or less above grade plane.
2703.8.3.5 Hazardous material in Group M display and storage areas and in Group S storage areas. The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowed within a single control area of a Group M display and storage area or a Group S storage area is allowed to exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area specified in Tables 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2) without classifying the building or use as a Group H occupancy, provided that the materials are displayed and stored in accordance with Section 2703.11.
2703.8.4 Gas rooms. Where a gas room is provided to comply with the provisions of Chapter 37, the gas room shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.8.4.1 and 2703.8.4.2.
2703.8.4.1 Construction. Gas rooms shall be protected with an automatic sprinkler system. Gas rooms shall be separated from the remainder of the building in accordance with the requirements of the California Building Code based on the occupancy group into which it has been classified.
2703.8.4.2 Ventilation system. The ventilation system for gas rooms shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area. Highly toxic and toxic gases shall also comply with Section 3704.2.2.6. The ventilation system shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
2703.8.5 Exhausted enclosures. Where an exhausted enclosure is used to increase maximum allowable quantity per control area or when the location of hazardous materials in exhausted enclosures is provided to comply with the provisions of Chapter 37, the exhausted enclosure shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.8.5.1 through 2703.8.5.3.
2703.8.5.1 Construction. Exhausted enclosures shall be of noncombustible construction.
2703.8.5.2 Ventilation. The ventilation system for exhausted enclosures shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area. Ventilation systems used for highly toxic and toxic gases shall also comply with Items 1, 2 and 3 of Section 3704.1.2. The ventilation system shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
2703.8.5.3 Fire-extinguishing system. Exhausted enclosures where flammable materials are used shall be protected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system in accordance with Chapter 9.
2703.8.6 Gas cabinets. Where a gas cabinet is used to increase the maximum allowable quantity per control area or when the location of compressed gases in gas cabinets is provided to comply with the provisions of Chapter 37, the gas cabinet shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.8.6.1 through 2703.8.6.3.
2703.8.6.1 Construction. Gas cabinets shall be constructed in accordance with the following:
2703.8.6.2 Ventilation. The ventilation system for gas cabinets shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area. Ventilation systems used for highly toxic and toxic gases shall also comply with Items 1, 2 and 3 of Section 3704.1.2. The ventilation system shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
2703.8.6.3 Maximum number of cylinders per gas cabinet. The number of cylinders contained in a single gas cabinet shall not exceed three.
2703.8.7 Hazardous materials storage cabinets. Where storage cabinets are used to increase maximum allowable quantity per control area or to comply with this chapter, such cabinets shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.8.7.1 and 2703.8.7.2.
2703.8.7.1 Construction. The interior of cabinets shall be treated, coated or constructed of materials that are nonreactive with the hazardous material stored. Such treatment, coating or construction shall include the entire interior of the cabinet. Cabinets shall either belisted in accordance with UL 1275 as suitable for the intended storage or constructed in accordance with the following:
370CONDITION | MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA | ||
---|---|---|---|
Materiala | Class | Solids pounds | Liquids gallons |
For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3 | |||
a. Hazard categories are as specified in Section 2701.2.2. | |||
b. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increase 100 percent in buildings equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. When Note c also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively. | |||
c. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets in accordance with Section 2703.8. When Note b also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively. | |||
d. See Table 2703.8.3.2 for design and number of control areas. | |||
e. Maximum allowable quantities for other hazardous material. categories shall be in accordance with Section 2703.1. | |||
f. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent in outdoor control areas. | |||
g. Maximum allowable quantities are permitted to be increased to 2,250 pounds when individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or packager and do not exceed 10 pounds each. | |||
h. Maximum allowable quantities are permitted to be increased to 4,500 pounds when individuals packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or package and do not exceed 10 pounds each. | |||
i. Quantities are unlimited where protected by an automatic sprinkler system. | |||
j. Quantities are unlimited in an outdoor control area. | |||
A. HEALTH-HAZARD MATERIALS—NONFLAMMABLE AND CONCOMBUSTIBLE SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS | |||
1. Corrosivesb,c | Not Applicable | 9,570 | 975 |
2. Highly Toxics | Not Applicable | 20b,c | 2b,c |
3. Toxicsb,c | Not Applicable | 1,000 | 100 |
B. PHYSICAL-HAZARD MATERIALS—NONFLAMMABLE AND NONCOMBUSTIBLE SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS | |||
1.Oxidizersb,c | 4 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed |
3 | 1,150g | 115 | |
2 | 2,250h | 225 | |
1 | 18,000i,j | 1,800i,j | |
2.Unstable (Reactives)b,c | 4 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed |
3 | 550 | 55 | |
2 | 1,150 | 115 | |
1 | Not Limited | Not Limited | |
3.Water (Reactives) | 3b,c | 550 | 55 |
2b,c | 1,150 | 115 | |
1 | Not Limited | Not Limited |
Electrical equipment and devices within cabinets used for the storage of hazardous gases or liquids shall be in accordance with the California Electrical Code.
2703.8.7.2 Warning markings. Cabinets shall be clearly identified in an approved manner with red letters on a contrasting background to read:
HAZARDOUS—KEEP FIRE WAY.
2703.9 General safety precautions. General precautions for the safe storage, handling or care of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.9.1 through 2703.9.10.
3712703.9.1 Personal training and written procedures. Persons responsible for the operation of areas in which hazardous materials are stored, dispensed, handled or used shall be familiar with the chemical nature of the materials and the appropriate mitigating actions necessary in the event of fire, leak or spill.
2703.9.1.1 Fire department liaison. Responsible persons shall be designated and trained to be liaison personal to the fire department. These persons shall aid the fire department. in preplanning emergency responses and identifying the locations where hazardous materials are located, and shall have access to Material Safety Data Sheets and be knowledgeable in the site’s emergency response procedures.
2703.9.2 Security. Storage, dispensing, use and handling areas shall be secured against unauthorized entry and safeguarded in a manner approved by the fire code official.
2703.9.3 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other approved means shall be provided to protect storage tanks and connected piping, valves and fittings; dispensing areas; and use areas subject to vehicular damage in accordance with Section 312.
2703.9.4 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the California Electrical Code.
2703.9.5 Static accumulation. When processes or conditions exist where a flammable mixture could be ignited by static electricity, means shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of a static charge.
2703.9.6 Protection from light. Materials that are sensitive to light shall be stored in containers designed to protect them from such exposure.
2703.9.7 Shock padding. Materials that are shock sensitive shall be padded, suspended or otherwise protected against accidental dislodgement and dislodgement during seismic activity.
2703.9.8 Separation of incompatible materials. Incompatible materials in storage and storage of materials that are incompatible with materials in use shall be separated when the stored materials are in containers having a capacity of more than 5 pounds (2 kg) or 0.5 gallon (2 L). Separation shall be accomplished by:
2703.9.9 Shelf storage. Shelving shall be of substantial construction, and shall be braced and anchored in accordance with the seismic design requirements of the California Building Code for the seismic zone in which the material is located. Shelving shall be treated, coated or constructed of materials that are compatible with the hazardous materials stored. Shelves shall be provided with a lip or guard when used for the storage of individual containers.
Exceptions:
- Storage in hazardous material storage cabinets or laboratory furniture specifically designed for such use.
- Storage of hazardous materials in amounts not requiring a permit in accordance with Section 2701.5.
Shelf storage of hazardous materials shall be maintained in an orderly manner.
2703.9.10 Safety cans. Safety cans shall be listed in accordance with UL 30 when used to increase the maximum allowable quantities per control area of flammable or combustible liquids in accordance with Table 2703.1.1(1). Safety cans listed in accordance UL 1313 are allowed for flammable and combustible liquids when not used to increase the maximum allowable quantities per control area and for other hazardous material liquids in accordance with the listing.
2703.10 Handling and transportation. In addition to the requirements of Section 2703.2, the handling and transportation of hazardous materials in corridors, elevators or exit enclosures shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.10.1 through 2703.1034.4.
2703.10.1 Valve protection. Hazardous material gas containers, cylinders and tanks in transit shall have their protective caps in place. Containers, cylinders and tanks of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall have their valve out lets capped or plugged with an approved closure device in accordance with Chapter 30.
2703.10.2 Carts and trucks required. Liquids in containers exceeding 5 gallons (19 L) in a corridor or exit enclosure shall be transported on a cart or truck. Containers of hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 and transported within corridors or exit enclosures, shall be on a cart or truck. Where carts and trucks are required for transporting hazardous materials, they shall be in accordance with Section 2703.10.3. Exceptions 1 through 4 shall not apply where elevators are utilized.
372Exceptions:
- Two hazardous material liquid containers, which are hand carried in acceptable safety carriers.
- Not more than four drums not exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) each, which are transported by suitable drum trucks.
- Containers and cylinders of compressed gases, which are transported by approved hand trucks,
MATERIAL | INDOOR STORAGE | OUthOOR STORAGE | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solids | Liquids | Solids | Liquids | ||
1.Physical-hazard materials | |||||
Combustible liquids | ClassII | Not Applicable |
See Chapter 34 | Not Applicable |
See Chapter 34 |
Class IIIA | See Chapter 34 | See Chapter 34 | |||
Class IIIB | See Chapter 34 | See Chapter 34 | |||
Cryogenic fluids | See Chapter 32 | See Chapter 32 | |||
Explosives | See Chapter 33 | See Chapter 32 | |||
Flammable liquids | Class IA | Not Applicable | See Chapter 34 | Not Applicable | See Chapter 34 |
Class IB | See Chapter 34 | See Chapter 34 | |||
Class IC | See Chapter 34 | See Chapter 34 | |||
Flammable solids | Not Required | Not Applicable | Not Required | Not Applicable | |
Organic peroxides | Unclassified Detonable | Required | Required | Not Required | Not Required |
Class I | |||||
Class II | |||||
Class III | |||||
Class IV | |||||
Class V | Not Required | Not Required | Not Required | Not Required | |
Oxidizers | Class 4 | Required | Required | Not Required | Not Required |
Class 3 | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Class 1 | Not Required | Not Required | Not Required | Not Required | |
Pyrophorics | Not Required | Required | Not Required | Required | |
Unstable (reactives) | Class 4 | Required | Required | Required | Required |
Class 3 | |||||
Class 2 | |||||
Class 1 | Not Required | Not Required | Not Required | Not Required | |
Water reactives | Class 3 | Required | Required | Required | Required |
Class 2 | |||||
Class 1 | Not Required | Not Required | Not Required | Not Required | |
2. Health-hazard materials | |||||
Corrosives | Not Required | Required | Not Required | Required | |
Highly toxics | Required | Required | Required | Required | |
Toxics |
- and containers and cylinders not exceeding 25 pounds (11 kg), which are hand carried.
- Solid hazardous materials not exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg), which are transported by approved hand trucks, and a single container not exceeding 50 pounds (23 kg), which is hand carried.
2703.10.2.1 Above the 10th story. Above the 10th story of any occupancy, all vertical handling and transportation of hazardous materials in the building shall be in approved carts.
2703.10.2.2 Transportation of hazardous materials above the 10th story. The handling and transportation of hazardous materials above the 10th story shall be limited to 5 percent of the maximum allowable quantities of Tables 2703.1(1) (2). Quantities are permitted to be increase 100 percent in buildings with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with 903.3.1.1. Materials where Foot Note G applies shall not be increased.
2703.10.3 Carts and trucks. Carts and trucks required by Section 2703.10.2 to be used to transport hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.10.3.1 through 2703.10.3.6.
2703.10.3.1 Design. Carts and trucks used to transport hazardous materials shall be designed to provide a stable base for the commodities to be transported and shall have a means of restraining containers to prevent accidental dislodgement. Compressed gas cylinders placed on carts and trucks shall be individually restrained.
2703.10.3.2 Speed-control devices. Carts and trucks shall be provided with a device that will enable the operator to control safely movement by providing stops or speed-reduction devices.
2703.10.3.3 Construction. Construction materials for hazardous material carts or trucks shall be compatible with the material transported. The cart or truck shall be of substantial construction.
2703.10.3.4 Spill control. Carts and trucks transporting liquids shall be capable of containing a spill from the largest single container transported.
2703.10.3.5 Attendance. Carts and trucks used to transport materials shall not obstruct or be left unattended within any part of a means of egress.
2703.10.3.6 Incompatible materials. Incompatible materials shall not be transported on the same cart or truck.
2703.10.4 Elevators utilized to transport hazardous materials.
2703.10.4.1. When transporting hazardous materials, elevators shall have no other passengers other than the individual(s) handling the chemical transport cart.
2703.10.4.2. Hazardous materials liquid containers shall have maximum capacity of 5.28 gallons (20 liters).
2703.10.4.3. Toxic and highly-toxic gases shall be limited to a container of a maximum water capacity of 1 pound (0.454 kg).
2703.10.4.4. Means shall be provided to prevent the elevator from being summoned to other floors.
2703.11 Group M storage and display and Group S storage. The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials stored and displayed within a single control area of a Group M occupancy, or an outdoor control area, or stored in a single control area of a Group S occupancy, is allowed to exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 when in accordance with Sections 2703.11.1 through 2703.11.3.10.
2703.11.1 Maximum allowable quantity per control area in Group M or S occupancies. The aggregate amount of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials stored and displayed within a single control area of a Group M occupancy or stored in a single control area of a Group S occupancy shall not exceed the amounts set forth in Table 2703.11.1.
2703.11.2 Maximum allowable quantity per outdoor control area in Group M or S occupancies. The aggregate amount of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials stored and displayed within a single outdoor control area of a Group M occupancy shall not exceed the amounts set forth in Table 2703.11.1.
2703.11.3 Storage and display. Storage and display shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.11.3.1 through 2703.11.3.10.
2703.11.3.1 Density. Storage and display of solids shall not exceed 200 pounds per square foot (976 kg/m2) of floor area actually occupied by solid merchandise. Storage and display of liquids shall not exceed 20 gallons per square foot (0.50 L/m2of floor area actually occupied by liquid merchandise.
2703.11.3.2 Storage and display height. Display height shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) above the finished floor in display areas of Group M occupancies. Storage height shall not exceed 8 feet (2438 mm) above the finished floor in storage areas of Group M and Group S occupancies.
2703.11.3.3 Container location. Individual containers less than 5 gallons (19 L) or less than 25 pounds (11 kg) shall be stored or displayed on pallets, racks or shelves.
2703.11.3.4 Racks and shelves. Racks and shelves used for storage or display shall be in accordance with Section 2703.9.9.
2703.11.3.5 Container type. Containers shall be approved for the intended use and identified as to their content.
2703.11.3.6 Container size. Individual containers shall not exceed 100 pounds (45 kg) for solids or 10 gallons (38 L) for liquids in storage and display areas.
3742703.11.3.7 Incompatible materials. Incompatible materials shall be separated in accordance with Section 2703.9.8.
2703.11.3.8 Floors. Floors shall be in accordance with Section 2704.12.
2703.11.3.9 Aisles. Aisles 4 feet (1219 mm) in width shall be maintained on three sides of the storage or display area.
2703.11.3.10 Signsl. Hazard identification signs shall be provided in accordance with Section 2703.5.
2703.12 Outdoor control areas. Outdoor control areas for hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per outdoor control area shall be in accordance with the following:
2704.1 Scope. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area as set forth in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 2704. Storage of hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area as set forth in Section 2703.1 shall be accordance with Sections 2701 and 2703. Retail and wholesale storage and display of nonflammable solid and nonflammable and noncombustible liquid hazardous materials in Group M occupancies and Group S storage shall be in accordance with Section 2703.11.
2704.2 Spill control and secondary containment for liquid and solid hazardous materials. Rooms, buildings or areas used for the storage of liquid or solid hazardous materials shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Sections 2704.2.1 through 2704.2.3.
Exception: Outdoor storage of containers on approved containment pallets in accordance with Section 2704.2.3.
2704.2.1 Spill control for hazardous material liquids. Rooms, buildings or areas used for the storage of hazardous material liquids in individual vessels having a capacity of more than 55 gallons (208 L), or in which the aggregate capacity of multiple vessels exceeds 1,000 gallons (3785 L), shall be provided with spill control to prevent the flow of liquids to adjoining areas. Floors in indoor locations and similar surfaces in outdoor locations shall be constructed to contain a spill from the largest single vessel by one of the following methods:
Except for surfacing, the floors, sills, dikes, sumps and collection systems shall be constructed of noncombustible material, and the liquid-tight seal shall be compatible with the material stored. When liquid-tight sills or dikes are provided, they are not required at perimeter openings having an open-grate trench across the opening that connects to an approved collection system.
2704.2.2 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids and solids. Where required by Table 2704.2.2 buildings, rooms or areas used for the storage of hazardous materials liquids or solids shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with this section when the capacity of an individual vessel or the aggregate capacity of multiple vessels exceeds the following:
2704.2.2.1 Containment and drainage methods. The building, room or area shall contain or drain the hazardous materials and fire protection water through the use of one of the following methods:
2704.2.2.2 Incompatible materials. Incompatible materials used in open systems shall be separated from each other in the secondary containment system.
2704.2.2.3 Indoor design. Secondary containment for indoor storage areas shall be designed to contain a spill
375from the largest vessel plus the design flow volume of fire protection water calculated to discharge from the fire-extinguishing system over the minimum required system design area or area of the room or area in which the storage is located, whichever is smaller. The containment capacity shall be designed to contain the flow for a period of 20 minutes.
2704.2.2.4 Outdoor design. Secondary containment for outdoor storage areas shall be designed to contain a spill from the largest individual vessel. If the area is open to rainfall, secondary containment shall be designed to include the volume of a 24-hour rainfall as determined by a 25-year storm and provisions shall be made to drain accumulations of groundwater and rainwater.
2704.2.2.5 Monitoring. An approved monitoring method shall be provided to detect hazardous materials in the secondary containment system. The monitoring method is allowed to be visual inspection of the primary or secondary containment, or other approved means. Where secondary containment is subject to the intrusion of water, a monitoring method for detecting water shall be provided. Where monitoring devices are provided, they shall be connected to approved visual or audible alarms.
2704.2.2.6 Drainage system design. Drainage systems shall be in accordance with the California Plumbing Code and all of the following:
2704.2.3 Containment pallets. When used as an alternative to spill control and secondary containment for outdoor storage in accordance with the exception in Section 2704.2, containment pallets shall comply with all of the following:
2704.3 Ventilation. Indoor storage areas and storage buildings shall be provided with mechanical exhaust ventilation or natural ventilation where natural ventilation can be shown to be acceptable for the materials as stored.
Exception: Storage areas for flammable solids complying with Chapter 36.
2704.3.1 System requirements. Exhaust ventilation systems shall comply with all of the following:
Exception: When exhaust systems containing explosive, corrosive, combustible, flammable or highly toxic dusts, mists, fumes, vapors or gases are 100 percent exhausted to the outside, an emergency ventilation system shutoff is not required.
2704.4 Separation of incompatible hazardous materials. Incompatible materials shall be separated in accordance with Section 2703.9.8.
376MATERIAL | INDOOR LIQUIDS USE | OUthOOR LIQUIDS USE | |
---|---|---|---|
1. Physical-hazard materials | |||
Combustible liquids | Class II | See Chapter 34 | See Chapter 34 |
Class IIIA | See Chapter 34 | See Chapter 34 | |
Class IIIB | See Chapter 34 | See Chapter 34 | |
Cryogenic fluids | See Chapter 32 | See Chapter 32 | |
Explosives | See Chapter 33 | See Chapter 33 | |
Flammable liquids | Class IA | See Chapter 34 | See Chapter 34 |
Class IB | See Chapter 34 | See Chapter 34 | |
Class IC | See Chapter 34 | See Chapter 34 | |
Flammable solids | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | |
Organic peroxides | Unclassified Detonable | Required | Required |
Class I | Required | Required | |
Class II | |||
Class III | |||
Class IV | |||
Class V | Not Required | Not Required | |
Oxidizers | Class 4 | Required | Required |
Class 3 | |||
Class 2 | |||
Class 1 | |||
Pyrophorics | Required | Required | |
Unstable (reactives) | Class 4 | Required | Required |
Class 3 | |||
Class 2 | |||
Class 1 | Not Required | Required | |
Water reactives | Class 3 | Required | Required |
Class 2 | |||
Class 1 | Not Required | Required | |
2. Health-hazard materials | |||
Corrosives | Required | Required | |
Highly toxics | |||
Toxics |
2704.5 Automatic sprinkler systems. Indoor storage areas and storage buildings shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. The design of the sprinkler system shall not be less than that required for Ordinary Hazard Group 2 with a minimum design area of 3,000 square feet (279 m2). Where the materials or storage arrangement are required by other regulations to be provided with a higher level of sprinkler system protection, the higher level of sprinkler system protection shall be provided.
2704.6 Explosion control. Indoor storage rooms, areas and buildings shall be provided with explosion control in accordance with Section 911.
2704.7 Standby or emergency power. Where mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems are required, such systems shall be provided with an emergency or standby power system in accordance with the California Electrical Code and Section 604.
Exceptions:
- Mechanical ventilation for storage of Class IB and Class IC flammable and combustible liquids in closed containers not exceeding 6½ gallons (25 L) capacity.
- Storage areas for Class 1 and 2 oxidizers.
- Storage areas for Class II, III, IV and V organic peroxides.
- Storage areas for asphyxiant, irritant and radioactive gases.
- For storage areas for highly toxic or toxic materials, see Sections 3704.2.2.8 and 3704.3.4.2.
- Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.
2704.8 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided in accordance with Section 2704.8.1 and 2704.8.2.
2704.8.1 Temperature control. Materials that must be kept at temperature other than normal ambient temperatures to prevent a hazardous reaction shall be provided with an approved means to maintain the temperature within a safe range. Redundant temperature control equipment that will operate on failure of the primary temperature control system shall be provided. Where approved , alternative means that prevent a hazardous reaction are allowed.
2704.8.2 Pressure control. Stationary tanks and equipment containing hazardous material liquids that can generate pressures exceeding design limits because of exposure fires or internal reaction shall have some form of construction or other approved means that will relieve excessive internal pressure. The means of pressure relief shall vent to an approved location or to an exhaust scrubber or treatment system where required by Chapter 37.
2704.9 Emergency alarm. An approved manual emergency alarm system shall be provided in buildings, rooms or areas used for storage of hazardous materials. Emergency alarm-initiating devices shall be installed outside of each interior exit or exit access door of storage buildings, rooms or areas. Activation of an emergency alarm-initiating device shall sound a local alarm to aleart occupants of an emergency situation involving hazardous materials.
2704.10 Supervision. Emergency alarm, detection and automatic fire-extinguishing systems required by Section 2704 shall be supervised by an approved central, proprietary or remote station service or shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly attended on-site location.
2704.11 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding an outdoor storage area or tank shall be kept clear of combustible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 25 feet (7620 mm).
2704.12 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing, floors of storage areas shall be of noncombustible construction.
2704.13 Weather protection. Where overhead noncombustible construction is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material storage areas, such storage shall not be considered indoor storage when the area is constructed in accordance with the requirements for weather protection as required by the California Building Code.
Exception: Storage of explosive materials shall be considered as indoor storage.
2705.1 General. Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 2705. Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 2701 and 2703.
2705.1.1 Separation of incompatible materials. Separation of incompatible materials shall be in accordance with Section 2703.9.8.
2705.1.2 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing, floors of areas where liquid or solid hazardous materials are dispensed or used in open systems shall be of noncombustible, liquid-tight construction.
2705.1.3 Spill control and secondary containment for hazardous material liquids. Where required by other provisions of Section 2705, spill control and secondary containment shall be provided for hazardous material liquids in accordance with Section 2704.2.
2705.1.4 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided in accordance with Sections 2705.1.4.1 through 2705.1.4.4.
2705.1.4.1 High-liquid-level control. Open tanks in which liquid level limit control or other means to prevent overfilling of the tank.
2705.1.4.2 Low-liquid-level control. Approved safe guards shall be provided to prevent a low-liquid level in a
378tank from creating a hazardous condition, including but not limited to, overheating of a tank or its contents.
2705.1.4.3 Temperature control. Temperature control shall be provided in accordance with Section 2704.8.1.
2705.1.4.4 Pressure control. Pressure control shall be provided in accordance with Section 2704.8.2.
2705.1.5 Standby or emergency power. Where mechanical ventilation, treatment system, temperature control, manual alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems are required, such systems shall be provided with an emergency or standby power system in accordance with the California Electrical Code and Section 604.
Exceptions:
- Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.
- Systems for highly toxic or toxic gases shall be provided with emergency power in accordance with Section 3704.2.2.8 and 3704.3.4.2.
2705.1.6 Supervision. Manual alarm, detection and automatic fire-extinguishing systems required by other provisions of Section 2705 shall be supervised by an approved central, proprietary or remote station service or shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly attended on-site location.
2705.1.7 Lighting. Adequate lighting by natural or artificial means shall be provided.
2705.1.8 Fire-extinguishing systems. Indoor rooms or areas in which hazardous materials are dispensed or used shall be protected by an automatic fire-extinguishing system in accordance with Chapter 9. Sprinkler system design shall not be less than that required for Ordinary Hazard, Group 2, with a minimum design area of 3,000 square feet (279 m2). Where the materials or storage arangement are required by other regulations to be provided with a higher level of sprinkler system protection, the higher level of sprinkler system protection shall be provided.
2705.1.9 Ventilation. Indoor dispensing and use areas shall be provided with exhaust ventilation in accordance with Section 2704.3.
Exception: Ventilation is not required for dispensing and use of flammable solids other than finely divided particles.
2705.1.10 Liquid transfer. Liquids having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 shall be transferred by one of the following methods:
Exceptions:
- Liquids having a hazard ranking of 4 when dispensed from approved containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L).
- Liquids having a hazard ranking of 3 when dispensed from approved containers not exceeding 5.3 gallons (20 L).
2705.1.11 Design. Systems shall be suitable for the use intended and shall be designed by persons competent in such design. Controls shall be designed to prevent materials from entering or leaving the process or reaction system at other than the intended time, rate or path. Where failure of an automatic control could result in a dangerous condition or reaction, the automatic control shall be fail-safe.
2705.2 Indoor dispensing and use. Indoor dispensing and use of hazardous materials shall be in buildings complying with the California Building Code and in accordance with Section 2705.1 and Sections 2705.2.1 through 2705.2.2.4.
2705.2.1 Open systems. Dispensing and use of hazardous materials in open containers or systems shall be in accordance with Sections 2705.2.1.1 through 2705.2.1.4.
2705.2.1.1 Ventilation. Where gases, liquids or solids having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are dispensed or used, mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided to capture gases, fumes, mists or vapors at the point of generation.
Exception: Gases, liquids or solids that can be demonstrated not to create harmful gases, flumes, mists or vapors.
2705.2.1.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with Section 2704.6 when an explosive environment can occur because of the characteristics or nature of the hazardous materials dispensed or used, or as a result of the dispensing or use process.
2705.2.1.3 Spill control for hazardous material liquids. Buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed into vessels exceeding a 1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or used in open systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 2704.2.1.
2705.2.1.4 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids. Where required by Table 2705.2.1.4, buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed or used in open systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 2704.2.2 when the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:
2705.2.2 Closed systems. Use of hazardous materials in closed containers or systems shall be in accordance with Section 2705.2.2.1 through 2705.2.2.4.
2705.2.2.1 Ventilation. Where closed systems are designed to be opened as part of normal operations, ventilation shall be provided in accordance with Section 2705.2.1.1.
2705.2.2.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with Section 2704.6 where an explosive environment exists because of the hazardous materials dispensed or used, or as a result of the dispensing or use process.
Exception: Where process vessels are designed to contain fully the worst-case explosion anticipated within the vessel under process conditions based on the most likely failure.
2705.2.2.3 Spill control for hazardous material liquids. Buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are used in individual vessels exceeding a 55-gallon (208 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 2704.2.1.
2705.2.2.4 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids. Where required by Table 2705.2.1.4. buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are used in vessels or systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 2704.2.2 when the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:
2705.3 Outdoor dispensing and use. Dispensing and use of hazardous materials outdoors shall be in accordance with Sections 2705.3.1 through 2705.3.9.
2705.3.1 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Outdoor dispensing or use of hazardous materials, in either closed or open containers or systems, in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 2703.1.1(3) and 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Section 2701, 2703, 2705.1 and 2705.3.
2705.3.2 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Outdoor dispensing or use of hazardous materials, in either closed or open containers or systems, in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 2703.1.1(3) and 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701 and 2703.
2705.3.3 Location. Outdoor dispensing and use areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required for outdoor storage in accordance with Section 2704.
2705.3.4 Spill control for hazardous material liquids in open systems. Outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed in vessels exceeding a 1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or used in open systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 2704.2.1.
2705.3.5 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids in open systems. Where required by Table 2705.2.1.4, outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed or used in open systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 2704.2.2 when the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of mulitiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:
2705.3.6 Spill control for hazardous material liquids in closed system. Outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are used in closed systems exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 2704.2.1.
2705.3.7 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids in closed systems. Where required by Table 2705.2.1.4, outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed or used in closed systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 2704.2.2 when the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:
2705.3.8 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding an outdoor dispensing or use area shall be kept clear of combustible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 30 feet (9144 mm).
2705.3.9 Weather protection. Where overhead noncombustible construction is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material use areas, such use shall not be considered indoor use when the area is constructed in accordance with the requirements for weather protection as required in the California Building Code.
Exception: Use of explosive materials shall be considered as indoor use.
2705.4 Handling. Handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 2705.4.1 through 2705.4.4.
2705.4.1 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Handling of hazardous materials in indoor and outdoor locations in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 2703.1.1(1) through 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2705.1 and 2705.4.
3802705.4.2 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Handling of hazardous materials in indoor locations in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701,2703 and 2705.1. Handling of hazardous materials in outdoor locations in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 2703.1.1(3) and 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701 and 2703.
2705.4.3 Location. Outdoor handling areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required for outdoor storage in accordance with Section 2704.
2705.4.4 Emergency alarm. Where hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are transported through corridors or exit enclosures, there shall be an emergency telephone system, a local manual alarm station or an approved alarm-initiating device at not more than 150-foot (45 720 mm) intervals and at each exit and exit access doorway throughout the transport route. The signal shall be relayed to an approved central station, proprietary supervising station or remote supervising station or a constantly attended on-site location and shall also initiate a local audible alarm.
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) |
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Adopt only those sections that are listed below |
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Chapter/Section |
2801.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter, the California Building Code and NFPA 30B shall apply to the manufacturing, storage and display of aerosol products. Manufacturing of aerosol products using hazardous materials shall also comply with Chapter 27.
2801.2 Permit required. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
2801.3 Material Safety Data Sheets. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) information for aerosol products displayed shall be kept on the premises at an approved location.
2802.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
AEROSOL. A product that is dispensed from an aerosol container by a propellant.
Aerosol products shall be classified by means of the calculation of their chemical heats of combustion and shall be designated Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3.
Level 1 aerosol products. Those with a total chemical heat of combustion that is less than or equal to 8,600 British thermal units per pound (Btu/Ib) (20 kJ/g).
Level 2 aerosol products. Those with a total chemical heat of combustion that is greater than 8,600 Btu/lb (20 kJ/g), but less than or equal to 13,000 Btu/lb (30 kJ/g).
Level 3 aerosol products. Those with a total chemical heat of combustion that is greater than 13,000 Btu/lb (30 kJ/g).
AEROSOL CONTAINER. A metal can, or a glass or plastic bottle designed to dispense an aerosol. Metal cans shall be limited to a maximum size of 33.8 fluid ounces (1000 ml). Glass or plastic bottles shall be limited to a maximum size of 4 fluid ounces (118 ml).
AEROSOL WAREHOUSE. A building used for warehousing aerosol products.
PROPELLANT. The liquefied or compressed gas in an aerosol container that expels the contents from an aerosol container when the valve is actuated. A propellant is considered flammable if it forms a flammable mixture with air, or if a flame is self-propagating in a mixture with air.
RETAIL DISPLAY AREA. The area of a Group M occupancy open for the purpose of viewing or purchasing merchandise offered for sale. Individuals in such establishments are free to circulate among the items offered for sale which are typically displayed on shelves, racks or the floor.
2803.1 Classification levels. Aerosol products shall be classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 in accordance with Table 2803.1 and NFPA 30B. Aerosol products in cartons which are not identified in accordance with this section shall be classified as Level 3.
CHEMICAL HEAT OF COMBUSTION | AEROSOL CLASSIFICATION | |
---|---|---|
Greater than(Btu/lb) | Less than or equal to(Btu/lb) | |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per pound = 0.002326 kJ/g. | ||
0 | 8,600 | 1 |
8,600 | 13,000 | 2 |
13,000 | — | 3 |
2803.2 Identification. Cartons shall be identified on at least one side with the classification level of the aerosol products contained within the carton as follows:
LEVEL___AEROSOLS
2804.1 General. The inside storage of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products shall comply with Sections 2804.2 through 2804.7 and NFPA 30B. Level 1 aerosol products shall be considered equivalent to a Class III commodity and shall comply with the requirements for palletized or rack storage in NFPA 13.
2804.2 Storage in Groups A, B, E, F, I and R. Storage of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products in occupancies in Groups A, B, E, F, I and R shall be limited to the following maximum quantities:
The maximum quantity shall be increased 100 percent where the excess quantity is stored in storage cabinets in accordance with Section 3404.3.2.
2804.2.1 Excess storage. Storage of quantities exceeding the maximum quantities indicated in Section 2804.2 shall be stored in separate inside flammable liquid storage rooms in accordance with Section 2804.5.
2804.3 Storage in general purpose warehouses. Aerosol storage in general purpose warehouses utilized only for ware-housing-type operations involving mixed commodities shall comply with Section 2804.3.1 or 2804.3.2.
3852804.3.1 Nonsegregated storage. Storage consisting of solid pile, palletized or rack storage of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products not segregated into areas utilized exclusively for the storage of aerosols shall comply with Table 2804.3.1.
AEROSOL LEVEL | MAXIMUM NET WEIGHT PER FLOOR (pounds)b | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Palletized or solid-pile storage |
Rack storage | |||
Unprotected | Protecteda | Unprotected | Protecteda | |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 square foot = 0.0929m2. | ||||
a. Approved automatic sprinkler system protection and storage arrangements shall comply with NFPA 30B. Sprinkler system protection shall extend 20 feet beyond the storage area containing the aerosol products. | ||||
b. Storage quantities indicated are the maximum permitted in any 50,000-square-foot area. | ||||
2 | 2,500 | 12,000 | 2,500 | 24,000 |
3 | 1,000 | 12,000 | 1,000 | 24,000 |
Combination 2 and 3 | 2,500 | 12,000 | 2,500 | 24,000 |
2804.3.2 Segregated storage. Storage of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products segregated into areas utilized exclusively for the storage of aerosols shall comply with Table 2804.3.2 and Sections 2804.3.2.1 and 2804.3.2.2.
2804.3.2.1 Chain-link fence enclosures. Chain-link fence enclosures required by Table 2804.3.2 shall comply with the following:
2804.3.2.2 Aisles. The minimum aisle requirements for segregated storage in general purpose warehouses shall comply with Table 2804.3.2.2.
2804.4 Storage in aerosol warehouses. The total quantity of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products in a warehouse utilized for the storage, shipping and receiving of aerosol products shall not be restricted in structures complying with Sections 2804.4.1 through 2804.4.4.
STORAGE SEPARATION | MAXIMUM SEGREGATED STORAGE AREAa | SPRINKLER REQUIREMENTS | |
---|---|---|---|
Percentage of building area(percent) | Area limitation (square feet) | ||
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2 | |||
a. The maximum segregated storage area shall be limited to the smaller of the two areas resulting from the percentage of building area limitation and the area limitation. | |||
b. Automatic sprinkler system protection in aerosol product storage areas shall comply with NFPA 30B and be approved. Building areas not containing aerosol product storage shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. | |||
c. Automatic sprinkler system protection in aerosol product storage areas shall comply with NFPA 30B and be approved. Sprinkler system protection shall extend a minimum 20 feet beyond the aerosol storage area. | |||
d. Chain-link fence enclosures shall comply with Section 2804.3.2.1. | |||
e. A separation area shall be defined as an area extending outward from the periphery of the segregated aerosol product storage area as follows. | |||
1. The limits of the aerosol product storage shall be clearly marked on the floor. | |||
2. The separation distance shall be a minimum of 25 feet and maintained clear of all materials with a commodity classification greater than Class III in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. | |||
f. Separation areas shall only be permitted where approved. | |||
Separation areae,f | 15 | 20,000 | Notes b, c |
Chain-link fence enclosured | 20 | 20,000 | Notes b, c |
1-hour fire-resistance-rated interior walls | 20 | 30,000 | Note b |
2-hour fire-resistance-rated interior walls | 25 | 40,000 | Note b |
3-hour fire-resistance-rated interior walls | 30 | 50,000 | Note b |
STORAGE CONDITION | MINIMUM AISLE WIDTH (feet) | MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM STORAGE TO AISLE (feet) |
---|---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | ||
a. Sprinklers shall comply with NFPA 30B. | ||
Solid pile or palletizeda | 4 feet between piles | 25 |
Racks with ESFR sprinklersa | 4 feet between racks and adjacent Level 2 and 3 aerosol product storage | 25 |
Racks without ESFR sprinklersa | 8 feet between racks and adjacent Level 2 and 3 aerosol product storage | 25 |
2804.4.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Aerosol warehouses shall be protected by an approved wet-pipe automatic sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 30B.
386Sprinkler protection shall be designed based on the highest classification level of aerosol product present.
2804.4.2 Pile and palletized storage aisles. Solid pile and palletized storage shall be arranged so the maximum travel distance to an aisle is 25 feet (7620 mm). Aisles shall have a minimum width of 4 feet (1219 mm).
2804.4.3 Rack storage aisles. Rack storage shall be arranged with a minimum aisle width of 8 feet (2438 mm) between rows of racks and 8 feet (2438 mm) between racks and adjacent solid pile or palletized storage. Where early suppression fast-response (ESFR) sprinklers provide automatic sprinkler protection, the minimum aisle width shall be 4 feet (1219 mm).
2804.4.4 Combustible commodities. Combustible commodities other than flammable and combustible liquids shall be permitted to be stored in and aerosol warehouse.
Exception: Flammable and combustible liquids in 1-quart (946 mL) metal containers and smaller shall be permitted to be stored in an aerosol warehouse.
2804.5 Storage in inside flammable liquid storage rooms. Inside flammable liquid storage rooms shall comply with Section 3404.3.7. The maximum quantities of aerosol products shall comply with Section 2804.5.1 or 2804.5.2.
2804.5.1 Storage rooms of 500 square feet or less. The storage of aerosol products in flammable liquid storage rooms less than or equal to 500 square feet (46 m2) in area shall not exceed the following quantities:
2804.5.2 Storage rooms greater than 500 square feet. The storage of aerosol products in flammable liquid storage rooms greater than 500 square feet (46 m2) in area shall not exceed the following quantities:
The maximum aggregate storage quantity of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products permitted in separate inside storage rooms protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 30B shall be 5,000 pounds (2270 kg).
2804.6 Storage in liquid warehouses. The storage of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products in liquid warehouses shall comply with NFPA 30B. The storage shall be located within segregated storage areas in accordance with Section 2804.3.2 and Sections 2804.6.1 through 2804.6.3.
2804.6.1 Containment. Spill control or drainage shall be provided to prevent the flow of liquid to within 8 feet (2438 mm) of the segregated storage area.
2804.6.2 Sprinkler design. Sprinkler protection shall be designed based on the highest level of aerosol product present.
2804.6.3 Opening protection into segregated storage areas. Fire doors or gates opening into the segregated storage area shall either be self-closing or provided with automatic-closing devices activated by sprinkler water flow or an approved fire detection system.
2804.7 Storage in Group M occupancies. Storage of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products in occupancies in Group M shall comply with Table 2804.7. Retail display shall comply with Section 2806.
MAXIMUM NET WEIGHT PER FLOOR (pounds) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Floor | Nonsegregated storagea, b | Segregated storage | |
Storage cabinetsb | Separated from retail areac | ||
For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 square foot =0.0929 m2 | |||
a. The total aggregate quantity on display and in storage shall not exceed the maximum retail display quantity indicated in Section 2806.3. | |||
b. Storage quantities indicated are the maximum permitted in any 50,000-square-foot area. | |||
c. The storage area shall be separated from the retail area with a 1-hour fire-resistance-rated assembly. | |||
d. See Table 2804.3.2. | |||
Basement | Not Permitted | Not Permitted | Not Permitted |
Ground floor | 2,500 | 5,000 | Note d |
Upper floors | 500 | 1,000 | Note d |
2805.1 General. The outside storage of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products, including storage in temporary storage trailers, shall be separated from exposures in accordance with Table 2805.1.
EXPOSURE | MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM AEROSOL STORAGE (feet)a |
---|---|
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.M | |
a. The minimum separation distance indicated is not required where exterior walls having a 2-hour fire-resistance rating without penetrations separate the storage from the exposure. The walls shall extend not less than 30 inches above and to the sides of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products. | |
Public alleys, public ways, public streets | 20 |
Buildings | 50 |
Exit discharge to a public way | 50 |
Lot lines | 20 |
Other outside storage | 50 |
MAXIMUM NET WEIGHT PER FLOOR (POUNDS) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Floor | Unseparateda, b | Separated | |
Storage Cabinetsb | 1-hour Occupancy Separation | ||
For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2 | |||
a. The aggregate quantity in storage and retail display shall not exceed the quantity limits for retail display. | |||
b. In any 50,000-square-foot area. | |||
Basement | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed |
Ground | 2,500 | 5,000 | In accordance with Sections 6.3.4.3 and 6.3.4.4 of NFPA 30B |
Upper | 500 | 1,000 | In accordance with Sections 6.3.4.3 and 6.3.4.4 of NFPA 30B |
2806.1 General. This section shall apply to the retail display of 500 pounds (227 kg) or more of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products.
2806.2 Aerosol display and normal merchandising not exceeding 8 feet (2438 mm) high. Aerosol display and normal merchandising not exceeding 8 feet (2438 mm) in height shall be in accordance with Sections 2806.2.1 through 2806.2.4.
2806.2.1 Maximum quantities in retail display areas. Aerosol products in retail display areas shall not exceed quantities needed for display and normal merchandising and shall not exceed the quantities in Table 2806.2.1.
MAXIMUM NET WEIGHT PER FLOOR (pounds)b | |||
---|---|---|---|
Floor | Unprotecteda | Protected in accordance with Section 2806.2a, c | Protected in accordance with Section 2806.3c |
For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2 | |||
a. The total quantity shall not exceed 1,000 pounds net weight in any one 100-square-foot retail display area. | |||
b. Per 25,000-square-foot retail display area. | |||
c. Minimum Ordinary Hazard Group 2 wet-pipe automatic sprinkler system throughout the retail sales occupancy. | |||
Basement | Not allowed | 500 | 500 |
Ground | 2,500 | 10,000 | 10,000 |
Upper | 500 | 2,000 | Not allowed |
2806.2.2 Display of containers. Level 2 and 3 aerosol containers shall not be stacked more than 6 feet (1829 mm) high from the base of the aerosol array to the top of the aerosol array unless the containers are placed on fixed shelving or otherwise secured in an approved manner. When storage or retail display is on shelves, the height of such storage or retail display to the top of aerosol containers shall not exceed 8 feet (2438 mm).
2806.2.3 Combustible cartons. Aerosol products located in retail display areas shall be removed from combustible cartons.
Exceptions:
- Display areas that use a portion of cartons that consist of only the bottom panel and not more than 2 inches (51 mm) of the side panel are allowed.
- When the display area is protected in accordance with Tables 6.3.2.7(a) through 6.3.2.7(1) of NFPA 30B, storage of aerosol products in combustible cartons is allowed.
2806.2.4 Retail display automatic sprinkler system. When an automatic sprinkler system in required for the protected retail display of aerosol products, the wet-pipe automatic sprinkler system shall be in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. The minimum system design shall be for an Ordinary Hazard Group 2 occupancy. The system shall be provided throughout the retail display area.
2806.3 Aerosol display and normal merchandising exceeding 8 feet (2438 mm) high. Aerosol display and merchandising exceeding 8 feet in height shall be in accordance with Sections 2806.3.1 through 2806.3.3.
2806.3.1 Maximum quantities in retail display areas. Aerosol products in retail display areas shall not exceed quantities needed for display and normal merchandising and shall not exceed the quantities in Table 2806.2.1, with fire protection in accordance with Section 2806.3.2.
2806.3.2 Automatic sprinkler protection. Aerosol display and merchandising areas shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system based on the requirements set forth in Tables 6.3.2.7(a) through 6.3.2.7(1) of NFPA 30B and the following:
2806.3.3 Separation of Level 2 and 3 aerosol areas. Separation of Level 2 and 3 aerosol areas shall comply with the following:
2806.4 Maximum quantities in storage areas. Acrosol products in storage areas adjacent to retail display areas shall not exceed the quantities in Table 2806.4.
2806.5 Special protection design for Level 2 and 3 aerosols adjacent to flammable and combustible liquids in double-row racks. The display and merchandising of Level 2 and 3 aerosols adjacent to flammable and combustible liquids in double-row racks shall be in accordance with Sections 2806.5.1 through 2806.5.8 or Section 2806.3.3.
2806.5.1 Fire protection. Fire protection for the display and merchandising of Level 2 and 3 aerosols in double-row racks shall be in accordance with Table 7.4.1 and Figure 7.4.1 of NFPA 30B.
2806.5.2 Cartoned products. Level 2 and 3 aerosols displayed or merchandised more than 8 feet (2438 mm) above the finished floor shall be in cartons.
2806.5.3 Shelving. Shelving in racks shall be limited to wire mesh shelving having uniform openings not more than 6 inches (152 mm) apart, with the openings comprising at least 50 percent of the overall shelf area.
2806.5.4 Aisles. Racks shall be arranged so that aisles not less than 7½ feet (2286 mm) wide are maintained between rows of racks and adjacent solid-piled or palletized merchandise.
2806.5.5 Flue spaces. Flue spaces in racks shall comply with the following:
2806.5.6 Horizontal barriers. Horizontal barriers constructed of minimum 3⁄8;-inch-thick (10 mm) plywood or minimum 0.034-inch (0.086 mm) (No. 22 gage) sheet metal shall be provided and located in accordance with Table 7.4.1 and Figure 7.4.1 of NFPA 30B when in-rack sprinklers are installed.
2806.5.7 Class I, II, III, IV and plastic commodities. Class I, II, III, IV and plastic commodities located adjacent to Level 2 and 3 aerosol shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 13.
2806.5.8 Flammable and combustible liquids. Class I, II, III A and III B Liquids shall be allowed to be located adjacent to Level 2 and 3 aerosol products when the following conditions are met:
2807.1 General. Manufacturing facilities shall be in accordance with NFPA 30B.
389 390Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
2903.5 |
2901.1 Scope. The equipment, processes and operations involving combustible fibers shall comply with this chapter.
2901.2 Applicability. Storage of combustible fibers in any quantity shall comply with this section.
2901.3 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
2902.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
BALED COTTON. A natural seed fiber wrapped in and secured with industry-accepted materials, usually consisting of burlap, woven polypropylene, polyethylene or cotton or sheet polyethylene, and secured with steel, synthetic or wire bands, or wire; also includes linters (lint removed from the cottonseed) and motes (residual materials from the ginning process).
BALED COTTON, DENSELY PACKED. Cotton, made into banded bales, with a packing density of at least 22 pounds per cubic foot (360 kg/m3), and dimensions complying with the following: a length of 55 inches (1397 mm), a width of 21 inches (533.4 mm) and a height of 27.6 to 35.4 inches. (701 to 899 mm).
COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS. Readily ignitable and free-burning materials in a fibrous or shredded form, such as cocoa fiber, cloth, cotton, excelsior, hay, hemp, henequen, istle, jute, kapok, oakum, rags, sisal, Spanish moss, straw, tow, wastepaper, certain synthetic fibers or other like materials. This definition does not include densely packed baled cotton.
SEED COTTON. Perishable raw agricultural commodity consisting of cotton fiber (lint) attached to the seed of the cotton plant, which requires ginning to become a commercial product.
2903.1 Use of combustible receptacles. Ashes, waste, rubbish or sweepings shall not be placed in wood or other combustible receptacles and shall be removed daily from the structure.
2903.2 Vegetation. Grass or weeds shall not be allowed to accumulate at any point on the premises.
2903.3 Clearances. A minimum clearance of 3 feet (914 mm) shall be maintained between automatic sprinklers and the top of piles.
2903.4 Agricultural products. Hay, straw, seed cotton or similar agricultural products shall not be stored adjacent to structures or combustible materials unless a clear horizontal distance equal to the height of a pile is maintained between such storage and structures or combustible materials. Storage shall be limited to stacks of 100 tons (91 metric tons) each. Stacks shall be separated by a minimum of 20 feet (6096 mm) of clear space. Quantities of hay, straw, seed cotton and other agricultural products shall not be limited where stored in or near farm structures located outside closely built areas. A permit shall not be required for agricultural storage.
2903.5 Dust collection. Where located within a building, equipment or machinery which generates or emits combustible fibers shall be provided with an approved dust-collecting and exhaust system. Such systems shall comply with Chapter 13 of this code and Section 511 of the California Mechanical Code.
2903.6 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Section 906 as required for extra-hazard occupancy protection as indicated in Table 906.3(1).
2904.1 General. Loose combustible fibers, not in suitable bales or packages and whether housed or in the open, shall not be stored within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of any structure, except as indicated in this chapter.
2904.2 Storage of 100 cubic feet or less. Loose combustible fibers in quantities of not more than 100 cubic feet (3 m3) located in a structure shall be stored in a metal or metal-lined bin equipped with a self-closing cover.
2904.3 Storage of more than 100 cubic feet to 500 cubic feet. Loose combustible fibers in quantities exceeding 100 cubic feet (3 m3) but not exceeding 500 cubic feet (14 m3) shall be stored in rooms enclosed with 1-hour fire-resistance-rated fire barriers, with openings protected by an approved opening protective assembly having a fire protection rating of ¾ hour, constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.
2904.4 Storage of more than 500 cubic feet to 1,000 cubic feet. Loose combustible fibers in quantities exceeding 500 cubic feet (14 m3) but not exceeding 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) shall be stored in rooms enclosed with 2-hour fire-resistance-rated fire barriers, with openings protected by an approved opening protective assembly having a fire protection rating of 1½ hours, and constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.
2904.5 Storage of more than 1,000 cubic feet. Loose combustible fibers in quantities exceeding 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) shall be stored in rooms enclosed with 2-hour fire-resistance-rated fire barriers, with openings protected by an approved opening protective assembly having a fire protection
393rating of 1½ hours, and constructed in accordance with the California Building Code. The storage room shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
2904.6 Detached storage structure. A maximum of 2,500 cubic feet (70 m3) of loose combustible fibers shall be stored in a detached structure suitably located, with openings protected against entrance of sparks. The structure shall not be occupied for any other purpose.
2905.1 Bale size and separation. Baled combustible fibers shall be limited to single blocks or piles not more than 25,000 cubic feet (700 m3) in volume, not including aisles or clearances. Blocks or piles of baled fiber shall be separated from adjacent storage by aisles not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) wide, or by flash-fire barriers constructed of continuous sheets of noncombustible material extending from the floor to a minimum height of 1 foot (305 mm) above the highest point of the piles and projecting not less than 1 foot (305 mm) beyond the sides of the piles.
2905.2 Special baling conditions. Sisal and other fibers in bales bound with combustible tie ropes, jute and other fibers that swell when wet, shall be stored to allow for expansion in any direction without affecting building walls, ceilings or columns. A minimum clearance of 3 feet (914 mm) shall be required between walls and sides of piles, except that where the storage compartment is not more than 30 feet (9144 mm) wide, the minimum clearance at side walls shall be 1 foot (305 mm), provided that a center aisle not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) wide is maintained.
394Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
3001.1 Scope. Storage, use and handling of compressed gases in compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall comply with this chapter, including those gases regulated elsewhere in this code. Partially full compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks containing residual gases shall be considered as full for the purposes of the controls required.
Exceptions:
- Gases used as refrigerants in refrigeration systems (see Section 606).
- Compressed natural gas (CNG) for use as a vehicular fuel shall comply with Chapter 22, NFPA 52 and the California Mechanical Code.
Cutting and welding gases shall also comply with Chapter 26.
Cryogenic fluids shall comply with Chapter 32. Liquefied natural gas for use as a vehicular fuel shall also comply with NFPA 52 and NFPA 59A.
Compressed gases classified as hazardous materials shall also comply with Chapter 27 for general requirements and chapters addressing specific hazards, including Chapters 35 (Flammable Gases), 37 (Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials), 40 (Oxidizers, Oxidizing Gases and Oxidizing Cryogenic Fluids) and 41 (Pyrophoric Materials).
LP-gas shall also comply with Chapter 38 and the California Mechanical Code.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.18(a) and (b)] Hazardous Areas.
Compressed gas cylinders shall be clearly marked with the name of the gas contained therein. Cylinders shall bear color makings and labels conforming to the following:
Gas | Color |
---|---|
(1) Oxygen | Green |
(2) Carbon Dioxide | Gray |
(3) Nitrous Oxide | Light Blue |
(4) Cyclopropane | Orange |
(5) Helium | Brown |
(6) Ethlene | Red |
(7) Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen | Gray and Green |
(8) Helium and Oxygen | Brown and Green |
Note: Polished metal or chrome-plated cylinders shall have color tags in addition to color labels.
When deemed necessary by the enforcing agency compressed gas cylinders shall be secured by chains, metal straps or other approved materials to prevent overturning.
3001.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
3002.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
COMPRESSED GAS. A material, or mixture of materials which:
The states of a compressed gas are categorized as follows:
COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINER. A pressure vessel designed to hold compressed gases at pressures greater than one atmosphere at 68°F (20°C) and includes cylinders, containers and tanks.
COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM. An assembly of equipment designed to contain, distribute or transport compressed gases. It can consist of a compressed gas container or containers, reactors and appurtenances, including pumps, compressors and connecting piping and tubing.
NESTING. A method of securing flat-bottomed compressed gas cylinders upright in a tight mass using a contiguous three-point contact system whereby all cylinders within a group have a minimum of three points of contact with other cylinders, walls or bracing.
397TUBE TRAILER. A semitrailer on which a number of tubular gas cylinders have been mounted. A manifold is typically provided that connects the cylinder valves enabling gas to be discharged from one or more tubes or cylinders through a piping and control system.
3003.1 Containers, cylinders and tanks. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall comply with this section. Compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks that are not designed for refillable use shall not be refilled after use of the original contents.
3003.2 Design and construction. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be designed, fabricated, tested, marked with the specifications of manufacture and maintained in accordance with the regulations of DOTn 49 CFR, Parts 100-185 or the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII.
3003.3 Pressure relief devices. Pressure relief devices shall be in accordance with Sections 3003.3.1 through 3003.3.5.
3003.3.1 Where required. Pressure relief devices shall be provided to protect containers, cylinders and tanks containing compressed gases from rupture in the event of overpressure.
Exception: Cylinders, containers and tanks when exempt from the requirements for pressure relief devices specified by the standards of design listed in Section 3003.3.2.
3003.3.2 Design. Pressure relief devices to protect containers shall be designed and provided in accordance with CGA S-1.1, CGA S-1.2, CGA S-1.3 or the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, as applicable.
3003.3.3 Sizing. Pressure relief devices shall be sized in accordance with the specifications to which the container was fabricated and to material specific requirements as applicable.
3003.3.4 Arrangement. Pressure relief devices shall be arranged to discharge upward and unobstructed to the open air in such a manner as to prevent any impingement of escaping gas upon the container, adjacent structures or personnel.
Exception: DOTn specification containers having an internal volume of 30 cubic feet (0.885 m3) or less.
3003.3.5 Freeze protection. Pressure relief devices or vent piping shall be designed or located so that moisture cannot collect and freeze in a manner that would interfere with the operation of the device.
3003.4 Marking. Stationary and portable compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall be marked in accordance with Sections 3003.4.1 through 3003.4.3.
3003.4.1 Stationary compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks. Stationary compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be marked with the name of the gas and in accordance with Sections 2703.5 and 2703.6 Markings shall be visible from any direction of approach.
3003.4.2 Portable containers, cylinders and tanks. Portable compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be marked in accordance with CGA C-7.
3003.4.3 Piping systems. Piping systems shall be marked in accordance with ASME A13.1. Markings used for piping systems shall consist of the content's name and include a direction-of-flow arrow. Markings shall be provided at each valve; at wall, floor or ceiling penetrations; at each change of direction; and at a minimum of every 20 feet (6096 mm) or fraction thereof throughout the piping run.
Exceptions:
- Piping that is designed or intended to carry more than one gas at various times shall have appropriate signs or markings posted at the manifold, along the piping and at each point of use to provide clear identification and warning.
- Piping within gas manufacturing plants, gas processing plants, refineries and similar occupancies shall be marked in an approved manner.
3003.5 Security. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall be secured against accidental dislodgement and against access by unauthorized personnel in accordance with Sections 3003.5.1 through 3003.5.3.
3003.5.1 Security of areas. Areas used for the storage, use and handling of compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall be secured against unauthorized entry and safeguarded in an approved manner.
3003.5.2 Physical protection. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems which could be exposed to physical damage shall be protected. Guard posts or other approved means shall be provided to protect compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems indoors and outdoors from vehicular damage and shall comply with Section 312.
3003.5.3 Securing compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be secured to prevent falling caused by contact, vibration or seismic activity. Securing of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be by one of the following methods:
Exception: Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks in the process of examination, filling, transport or servicing.
3003.6 Valve protection. Compressed gas container, cylinder and tank valves shall be protected from physical damage by means of protective caps, collars or similar devices in accordance with Sections 3003.6.1 and 3003.6.2.
3003.6.1 Compressed gas container, cylinder or tank protective caps or collars. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks designed for protective caps, collars or other protective devices shall have the caps or devices in place except when the containers, cylinders or tanks are in use or are being serviced or filled.
3003.6.2 Caps and plugs. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks designed for valve protection caps or other protective devices shall have the caps or devices attached. When outlet caps or plugs are installed, they shall be in place.
Exception: Compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks in use, being serviced or being filled.
3003.7 Separation from hazardous conditions. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks and systems in storage or use shall be separated form materials and conditions which pose exposure hazards to or from each other. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems in storage or use shall be separated in accordance with Sections 3003.7.1 through 3003.7.11.2.
3003.7.1 Incompatible materials. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be separated from each other based on the hazard class of their contents. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be separated from incompatible materials in accordance with Section 2703.9.8.
3003.7.2 Combustible waste, vegetation and similar materials. Combustible waste, vegetation and similar materials shall be kept a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems. A noncombustible partition, without openings or penetrations and extending not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above and to the sides of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall either be an independent structure, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area.
3003.7.3 Ledges, platforms and elevators. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall not be placed near elevators, unprotected platform ledges or other areas where falling would result in compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks being allowed to drop distances exceeding one-half the height of the container, cylinder or tank.
3003.7.4 Temperature extremes. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks, whether full or partially full, shall not be exposed to artificially created high temperatures exceeding 125°F (52°C) or subambient (low) temperatures unless designed for use under the exposed conditions.
3003.7.5 Falling objects. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall not be placed in areas where they are capable of being damaged by falling objects.
3003.7.6 Heating. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks, whether full or partially full, shall not be heated by devices which could raise the surface temperature of the container, cylinder or tank to above 125°F (52°C). Heating devices shall comply with the California Mechanical Code and the California Electrical Code. Approved heating methods involving temperatures of less than 125°F (52°C) are allowed to be used by trained personnel. Devices designed to maintain individual compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks at constant temperature shall be approved and shall be designed to be fail-safe.
3003.7.7 Sources of ignition. Open flames and high-temperature devices shall not be used in a manner which creates a hazardous condition.
3003.7.8 Exposure to chemicals. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall not be exposed to corrosive chemicals or fumes which could damage containers, cylinders, tanks, valves or valve-protective caps.
3003.7.9 Exhausted enclosures. When exhausted enclosures are provided as a means to segregate compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks from exposure hazards, such enclosures shall comply with the requirements of Section 2703.8.5.
3003.7.10 Gas cabinets. When gas cabinets are provided as a means to separate compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks from exposure hazards, such gas cabinets shall comply with the requirements of Section 2703.8.6.
3003.7.11 Tube trailers. Tube trailers, including those containing compatible compressed gases, shall be surrounded by a clear space of not less than 3 feet (914 mm) to allow for maintenance, access and inspection.
3003.7.11.1 Individual tube trailers containing incompatible materials. Increased separation distances between individual tube trailers containing incompatible gases shall be provided when required by Section 3003.7.1.
3003.7.11.2 Connections. Piping systems used to connect tube trailers to a user piping system shall not be viewed as an encroachment into the 3-foot (914 mm) clear space.
3003.8 Wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment shall comply with the California Electrical Code. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall not be located where they could become part of an electrical circuit. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall not be used for electrical grounding.
3003.9 Service and repair. Service, repair, modification or removal of valves, pressure-relief devices or other compressed gas container, cylinder or tank appurtenances shall be performed by trained personnel.
3003.10 Unauthorized use. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall not be used for any purpose
399other than to serve as a vessel for containing the product which it is designed to contain.
3003.11 Exposure to fire. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks which have been exposed to fire shall be removed from service. Containers, cylinders and tanks so removed shall be handled by approved, qualified persons.
3003.12 Leaks, damage or corrosion. Leaking, damaged or corroded compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be removed from service. Leaking, damaged or corroded compressed gas systems shall be replaced or repaired in accordance with the following:
3003.13 Surface of unprotected storage or use areas. Unless otherwise specified in Section 3003.14, compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks are allowed to be stored or used without being placed under overhead cover. To prevent bottom corrosion, containers, cylinders and tanks shall be protected from direct contact with soil or unimproved surfaces. The surface of the area on which the containers are placed shall be graded to prevent accumulation of water.
3003.14 Overhead cover. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks are allowed to be stored or used in the sun except in locations where extreme temperatures prevail. When extreme temperatures prevail, overhead covers shall be provided.
3003.15 Lighting. Approved lighting by natural or artificial means shall be provided.
3003.16 Vaults. Generation, compression, storage and dispensing equipment for compressed gases shall be allowed to be located in either above-or below-grade vaults complying with Sections 3003.16.1 through 3003.16.14.
3003.16.1 Listing required. Vaults shall be listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory.
Exception: Where approved by the fire code official, below-grade vaults are allowed to be constructed on site, provided that the design is in accordance with the California Building Code and that special inspections are conducted to verify structural strength and compliance of the installation with the approved design in accordance with Section 1707 of the California Building Code. Installation plans for below-grade vaults that are constructed on site shall be prepared by, and the design shall bear the stamp of, a professional engineer. Consideration shall be given to soil and hydrostatic loading on the floors, walls and lid; anticipated seismic forces; uplifting by ground water or flooding; and to loads imposed from above, such as traffic and equipment loading on the vault lid.
3003.16.2 Design and construction. The vault shall completely enclose generation, compression, storage or dispensing equipment located in the vault. There shall be no openings in the vault enclosure except those necessary for vault ventilation and access, inspection, filling, emptying or venting of equipment in the vault. The walls and floor of the vault shall be constructed of reinforced concrete at least 6 inches (152 mm) thick. The top of an above-grade vault shall be constructed of noncombustible material and shall be designed to be weaker than the walls of the vault to ensure that the thrust of any explosion occurring inside the vault is directed upward.
The top of an at-or below-grade vault shall be designed to relieve safely or contain the force of an explosion occurring inside the vault. The top and floor of the vault and the tank foundation shall be designed to withstand the anticipated loading, including loading from vehicular traffic, where applicable. The walls and floor of a vault installed below grade shall be designed to withstand anticipated soil and hydrostatic loading. Vaults shall be designed to be wind and earthquake resistant, in accordance with the California Building Code.
3003.16.3 Secondary containment. Vaults shall be substantially liquid-tight and there shall be no backfill within the vault. The vault floor shall drain to a sump. For premanufactured vaults, liquid tightness shall be certified as part of the listing provided by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. For field-erected vaults, liquid tightness shall be certified in an approved manner.
3003.16.4 Internal clearance. There shall be sufficient clearance within the vault to allow for visual inspection and maintenance of equipment in the vault.
3003.16.5 Anchoring. Vaults and equipment contained therein shall be suitably anchored to withstand uplifting by groundwater or flooding. The design shall verify that uplifting is prevented even when equipment within the vault is empty.
3003.16.6 Vehicle impact protection. Vaults shall be resistant to damage from the impact of a motor vehicle, or vehicle impact protection shall be provided in accordance with Section 312.
3003.16.7 Arrangement. Equipment in vaults shall be listed or approved for above-ground use. Where multiple vaults are provided, adjacent vaults shall be allowed to share a common wall. The common wall shall be liquid and vapor tight and shall be designed to withstand the load imposed when the vault on either side of the wall is filled with water.
3003.16.8 Connections. Connections shall be provided to permit the venting of each vault to dilute, dispense and remove vapors prior to personnel entering the vault.
3003.16.9 Ventilation. Vaults shall be provided with an exhaust ventilation system installed in accordance with Section 2704.3. The ventilation system shall operate continuously or be designed to operate upon activation of the vapor or liquid detection system. The system shall provide ventilation at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute (cfm) per square foot of floor area [0.00508 m3/(s · m2)], but not less than 150 cfm [0.071 m3/(s · m2)]. The exhaust system shall be designed to provide air movement across all parts of the vault floor for gases having a density greater than air and
400across all parts of the vault ceiling for gases having a density less than air. Supply ducts shall extend to within 3 inches (76 mm), but not more than 12 inches (305 mm), of the floor. Exhaust ducts shall extend to within 3 inches (76 mm), but not more than 12 inches (305 mm) of the floor or ceiling, for heavier-than-air or lighter-than-air gases, respectively. The exhaust system shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
3003.16.10 Monitoring and detection. Vaults shall be provided with approved vapor and liquid detection systems and equipped with on-site audible and visual warning devices with battery backup. Vapor detection systems shall sound an alarm when the system detects vapors that reach or exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL) or one-half the immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) concentration for the gas in the vault. Vapor detectors shall be located no higher than 12 inches (305 mm) above the lowest point in the vault for heavier-than-air gases and no lower than 12 inches (305 mm) below the highest point in the vault for lighter-than-air gases. Liquid detection systems shall sound an alarm upon detection of any liquid, including water. Liquid detectors shall be located in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions. Activation of either vapor or liquid detection systems shall cause a signal to be sounded at an approved, constantly attended location within the facility served by the tanks or at an approved location. Activation of vapor detection systems shall also shut off gas-handling equipment in the vault and dispensers.
3003.16.11 Liquid removal. Means shall be provided to recover liquid from the vault. Where a pump is used to meet this requirement, it shall not be permanently installed in the vault. Electric-powered portable pumps shall be suitable for use in Class I, Division 1 locations, as defined in the California Electrical Code.
3003.16.12 Relief vents. Vent pipes for equipment in the vault shall terminate at least 12 feet (3658 mm) above ground level.
3003.16.13 Accessway. Vaults shall be provided with an approved personnel accessway with a minimum dimension of 30 inches (762 mm) and with a permanently affixed, nonferrous ladder. Accessways shall be designed to be nonsparking. Travel distance from any point inside a vault to an accessway shall not exceed 20 feet (6096 mm). At each entry point, a warning sign indicating the need for procedures for safe entry into confined spaces shall be posted. Entry points shall be secured against unauthorized entry and vandalism.
3003.16.14 Classified area. The interior of a vault containing a flammable gas shall be designated a Class I, Division 1 location, as defined in the California Electrical Code.
3004.1 Upright storage. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks, except those designed for use in a horizontal position, and all compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks containing nonliquefied gases, shall be stored in an upright position with the valve end up. An upright position shall include conditions where the container, cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as 45 degrees (0.80 rad) from the vertical.
Exceptions:
- Compressed gas containers with a water volume less than 1.3 gallons (5 L) are allowed to be stored in a horizontal position.
- Cylinders, containers and tanks containing nonflammable gases or cylinders, containers and tanks containing nonliquefied flammable gases, which have been secured to a pallet for transportation purposes.
3004.2 Material-specific regulations. In addition to the requirements of this section, indoor and outdoor storage of compressed gases shall comply with the material-specific provisions of Chapters 31, 35 and 37 through 44.
3005.1 Compressed gas systems. Compressed gas systems shall be suitable for the use intended and shall be designed by persons competent in such design. Compressed gas equipment, machinery and processes shall be listed or approved.
3005.2 Controls.Compressed gas system controls shall be designed to prevent materials from entering or leaving process or reaction systems at other than the intended time, rate or path. Automatic controls shall be designed to be fail safe.
3005.3 Piping systems. Piping, including tubing, valves, fittings and pressure regulators, shall comply with this section and Chapter 27. Piping, tubing, pressure regulators, valves and other apparatus shall be kept gas tight to prevent leakage.
3005.4 Valves. Valves utilized on compressed gas systems shall be suitable for the use intended and shall be accessible. Valve handles or operators for required shutoff valves shall not be removed or otherwise altered to prevent access.
3005.5 Venting. Venting of gases shall be directed to an approved location. Venting shall comply with the California Mechanical Code.
3005.6 Upright use. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks, except those designed for use in a horizontal position, and all compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks containing nonliquefied gases, shall be used in an upright position with the valve end up. An upright position shall include conditions where the container, cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as 45 degrees (0.80 rad) from the vertical. Use of nonflammable liquefied gases in the inverted position when the liquid phase is used shall not be prohibited provided that the container, cylinder or tank is properly secured and the dispensing apparatus is designed for liquefied gas use.
401Exception: Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks with a water volume less than 1.3 gallons (5 L) are allowed to be used in a horizontal position.
3005.7 Transfer. Transfer of gases between containers, cylinders and tanks shall be performed by qualified personnel using equipment and operating procedures in accordance with CGA P-1.
Exception: Fueling of vehicles with compressed natural gas (CNG).
3005.8 Use of compressed gas for inflation. Inflatable equipment, devices or balloons shall only be pressurized or filled with compressed air or inert gases.
3005.9 Material-specific regulations. In addition to the requirements of this section, indoor and outdoor use of compressed gases shall comply with the material-specific provisions of Chapters 31, 35 and 37 through 44.
3005.10 Handling. The handling of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall comply with Sections 3005.10.1 and 3005.10.2.
3005.10.1 Carts and trucks. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be moved using an approved method. Where containers, cylinders or tanks are moved by hand cart, hand truck or other mobile device, such carts, trucks or devices shall be designed for the secure movement of containers, cylinders or tanks. Carts and trucks utilized for transport of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks within buildings shall comply with Section 2703.10. Carts and trucks utilized for transport of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks exterior to buildings shall be designed so that the containers, cylinders and tanks will be secured against dropping or otherwise striking against each other or other surfaces.
3005.10.2 Lifting devices. Ropes, chains or slings shall not be used to suspend compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks unless provisions at time of manufacture have been made on the container, cylinder or tank for appropriate lifting attachments, such as lugs.
3006.1 General. Compressed gases at hospitals and similar facilities intended for inhalation or sedation including, but not limited to, analgesia systems for dentistry, podiatry, veterinary and similar uses shall comply with Sections 3006.2 through 3006.4 in addition to other requirements of this chapter.
3006.2 Interior supply location. Medical gases shall be stored in areas dedicated to the storage of such gases without other storage or uses. Where containers of medical gases in quantities greater than the permit amount are located inside buildings, they shall be in a 1-hour exterior room, a 1-hour interior room or a gas cabinet in accordance with Section 3006.2.1, 3006.2.2 or 3006.2.3, respectively. Rooms or areas where medical gases are stored or used in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area as set forth in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with the International Building Code for high-hazard Group H occupancies.
3006.2.1 One-hour exterior rooms. A 1-hour exterior room shall be a room or enclosure separated from the remainder of the building by fire barriers with a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings between the room or enclosure and interior spaces shall be self-closing smoke-and draft-control assemblies having a fire protection rating of not less than 1 hour. Rooms shall have at least one exterior wall that is provided with at least two vents. Each vent shall not be less than 36 square inches (0.023 m2) in area. One vent shall be within 6 inches (152 mm) of the floor and one shall be within 6 inches (152 mm) of the ceiling. Rooms shall be provided with at least one automatic sprinkler to provide container cooling in case of fire.
3006.2.2 One-hour interior room. When an exterior wall cannot be provided for the room, automatic sprinklers shall be installed within the room. The room shall be exhausted through a duct to the exterior. Supply and exhaust ducts shall be enclosed in a 1-hour-rated shaft enclosure from the room to the exterior. Approved mechanical ventilation shall comply with the California Mechanical Code and be provided at a minimum rate of 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot [0.00508 m3/(s . m2)] of the area of the room.
3006.2.3 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall be constructed in accordance with Section 2703.8.6 and the following:
3006.3 Exterior supply locations. Oxidizer medical gas systems located on the exterior of a building with quantities greater than the permit amount shall be located in accordance with Section 4004.2.1.
3006.4 Medical gas systems. Medical gas systems including, but not limited to, distribution piping, supply manifolds, connections, pressure regulators and relief devices and valves, shall comply with NFPA 99 and the general provisions of this chapter.
3007.1 General. Compressed gases in storage or use not regulated by the material-specific provisions of Chapters 6, 31, 35 and 37 through 44, including asphyxiant, irritant and radioactive gases, shall comply with this section in addition to other requirements of this chapter.
3007.2 Ventilation. Indoor storage and use areas and storage buildings shall be provided with mechanical exhaust ventilation or natural ventilation in accordance with the requirements of Section 2704.3 or 2705.1.9. When mechanical ventilation is provided, the systems shall be operational during such time as the building or space is occupied.
402Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
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Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
3104.2.1 | X |
3101.1 Scope.The storage and use of corrosive materials shall be in accordance with this chapter. Compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 30.
Exceptions:
- Display and storage in Group M and storage in Group S occupancies complying with Section 2703.11.
- Stationary storage battery systems in accordance with Section 608.
- This chapter shall not apply to R-717 (ammonia) where used as a refrigerant in a refrigeration system (see Section 606).
3101.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
3102.1 Definition. The following word and term shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meaning shown herein.
CORROSIVE. A chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at the point of contact. A chemical shall be considered corrosive if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the method described in DOT n 49 CFR 173.137, such chemical destroys or changes irreversibly the structure of the tissue at the point of contact following an exposure period of 4 hours. This term does not refer to action on inanimate surfaces.
3103.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of corrosive materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 3101.
3103.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of corrosive materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with this chapter and Chapter 27.
3104.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of corrosive materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1 (2), shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2704 and this chapter.
3104.1.1 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the provisions of Section 2704. 12, floors in storage areas for corrosive liquids shall be of liquid-tight construction.
3104.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of corrosive materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2704 and this chapter.
3104.2.1 Above-ground outside storage tanks. When required by Section 2704.2.2, above-ground outside storage tanks of corrosive liquids shall be provided with secondary containment.
3104.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor storage of corrosive materials shall not be within 20 feet (6096 mm) of buildings not associated with the manufacturing or distribution of such materials, lot lines, public streets, public alleys, public ways or means of egress. A 2-hour fire barrier wall without openings or penetrations, and extending not less than 30 inches (762 mm) above and to the sides of the storage area, is allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall either be an independent structure, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area.
3105.1 Indoor use. The indoor use of corrosive materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2705 and this chapter.
3105.1.1 Liquid transfer. Corrosive liquids shall be transferred in accordance with Section 2705.1.10.
3105.1.2 Ventilation. When corrosive materials are dispensed or used, mechanical exhaust ventilation in accordance with Section 2705.2.1.1 shall be provided.
3105.2 Outdoor use. The outdoor use of corrosive materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2705 and this chapter.
3105.2.1 Distance from use to exposures. Outdoor use of corrosive materials shall be located in accordance with Section 3104.2.2.
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
3201.1 Scope. Storage, use and handling of cryogenic fluids shall comply with this chapter. Cryogenic fluids classified as hazardous materials shall also comply with Chapter 27 for general requirements. Partially full containers containing residual cryogenic fluids shall be considered as full for the purposes of the controls required.
Exceptions:
- Fluids used as refrigerants in refrigeration systems (see Section 606).
- Liquefied natural gas (LNG), which shall comply with NFPA 59A.
Oxidizing cryogenic fluids, including oxygen, shall comply with NFPA 55 and Chapter 40, as applicable.
Flammable cryogenic fluids, including hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide, shall comply with NFPA 55 and Chapters 22 and 35, as applicable.
Inert cryogenic fluids, including argon, helium and nitrogen, shall comply with CGA P-18.
3201.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
3202.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
CRYOGENIC CONTAINER. A cryogenic vessel of any size used for the transportation, handling or storage of cryogenic fluids.
CRYOGENIC FLUID. A fluid having a boiling point lower than - 130°F (-89.9°C) at 14.7 pounds per square inch atmosphere (psia) (an absolute pressure of 101.3 kPa).
CRYOGENIC VESSEL. A pressure vessel, low-pressure tank or atmospheric tank designed to contain a cryogenic fluid on which venting, insulation, refrigeration or a combination of these is used in order to maintain the operating pressure within the design pressure and the contents in a liquid phase.
FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUID. A cryogenic fluid that is flammable in its vapor state.
LOW-PRESSURE TANK. A storage tank designed to withstand an internal pressure greater than 0.5 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (3.4 kPa) but not greater than 15 psig (103.4 kPa).
3203.1 Containers. Containers employed for storage or use of cryogenic fluids shall comply with Sections 3203.1.1 through 3203.1.3.2 and Chapter 27.
3203.1.1 Nonstandard containers. Containers, equipment and devices which are not in compliance with recognized standards for design and construction shall be approved upon presentation of satisfactory evidence that they are designed and constructed for safe operation.
3203.1.1.1 Data submitted for approval. The following data shall be submitted to the fire code official with reference to the deviation from the recognized standard with the application for approval.
3203.1.2 Concrete containers. Concrete containers shall be built in accordance with the California Building Code. Barrier materials and membranes used in connection with concrete, but not functioning structurally, shall be compatible with the materials contained.
3203.1.3 Foundations and supports. Containers shall be provided with substantial concrete or masonry foundations, or structural steel supports on firm concrete or masonry foundations. Containers shall be supported to prevent the concentration of excessive loads on the supporting portion of the shell. Foundations for horizontal containers shall be constructed to accommodate expansion and contraction of the container. Foundations shall be provided to support the weight of vaporizers or heat exchangers.
3203.1.3.1 Temperature effects. When container foundations or supports are subject to exposure to temperatures below -150°F (-101°C), the foundations or supports shall be constructed of materials to withstand the low-temperature effects of cryogenic fluid spillage.
3203.1.3.2 Corrosion protection. Portions of containers in contact with foundations or saddles shall be painted to protect against corrosion.
3203.2 Pressure relief devices. Pressure relief devices shall be provided in accordance with Sections 3203.2.1 through 3203.2.7 to protect containers and systems containing cryogenic fluids from rupture in the event of overpressure. Pressure
409relief devices shall be designed in accordance with CGA S-1.1, CGA S-1.2 and CGA S-1.3.
3203.2.1 Containers. Containers shall be provided with pressure relief devices.
3203.2.2 Vessels or equipment other than containers. Heat exchangers, vaporizers, insulation casings surrounding containers, vessels and coaxial piping systems in which liquefied cryogenic fluids could be trapped because of leakage from the primary container shall be provided with a pressure relief device.
3203.2.3 Sizing. Pressure relief devices shall be sized in accordance with the specifications to which the container was fabricated. The relief device shall have sufficient capacity to prevent the maximum design pressure of the container or system from being exceeded.
3203.2.4 Accessibility. Pressure relief devices shall be located such that they are provided with ready access for inspection and repair.
3203.2.5 Arrangement. Pressure relief devices shall be arranged to discharge unobstructed to the open air in such a manner as to prevent impingement of escaping gas on personnel, containers, equipment and adjacent structures or to enter enclosed spaces.
Exception: DOTn-specified containers with an internal volume of 2 cubic feet (0.057 m3) or less.
3203.2.6 Shutoffs between pressure relief devices and containers. Shutoff valves shall not be installed between pressure relief devices and containers.
Exception: A shutoff valve is allowed on containers equipped with multiple pressure-relief device installations where the arrangement of the valves provides the full required flow through the minimum number of required relief devices at all times.
3203.2.7 Temperature limits. Pressure relief devices shall not be subjected to cryogenic fluid temperatures except when operating.
3203.3 Pressure relief vent piping. Pressure relief vent-piping systems shall be constructed and arranged so as to remain functional and direct the flow of gas to a safe location in accordance with Sections 3203.3.1 and 3203.3.2.
3203.3.1 Sizing. Pressure relief device vent piping shall have a cross-sectional area not less than that of the pressure relief device vent opening and shall be arranged so as not to restrict the flow of escaping gas.
3203.3.2 Arrangement. Pressure relief device vent piping and drains in vent lines shall be arranged so that escaping gas will discharge unobstructed to the open air and not impinge on personnel, containers, equipment and adjacent structures or enter enclosed spaces. Pressure relief device vent lines shall be installed in such a manner to exclude or remove moisture and condensation and prevent malfunction of the pressure relief device because of freezing or ice accumulation.
3203.4 Marking. Cryogenic containers and systems shall be marked in accordance with Sections 3203.4.1 through 3203.4.6.
3203.4.1 Identification signs. Visible hazard identification signs in accordance with NFPA 704 shall be provided at entrances to buildings or areas in which cryogenic fluids are stored, handled or used.
3203.4.2 Identification of contents. Stationary and portable containers shall be marked with the name of the gas contained. Stationary above-ground containers shall be placarded in accordance with Sections 2703.5 and 2703.6. Portable containers shall be identified in accordance with CGA C-7.
3203.4.3 Identification of containers. Stationary containers shall be identified with the manufacturing specification and maximum allowable working pressure with a permanent nameplate. The nameplate shall be installed on the container in an accessible location. The nameplate shall be marked in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code or DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100-185.
3203.4.4 Identification of container connections. Container inlet and outlet connections, liquid-level limit controls, valves and pressure gauges shall be identified in accordance with one of the following: marked with a permanent tag or label identifying their function, or identified by a schematic drawing which portrays their function and designates whether they are connected to the vapor or liquid space of the container. Where a schematic drawing is provided, it shall be attached to the container and maintained in a legible condition.
3203.4.5 Identification of piping systems. Piping systems shall be identified in accordance with ASME A 13.1.
3203.4.6 Identification of emergency shutoff valves. Emergency shutoff valves shall be identified and the location shall be clearly visible and indicated by means of a sign.
3203.5 Security. Cryogenic containers and systems shall be secured against accidental dislodgement and against access by unauthorized personnel in accordance with Sections 3203.5.1 through 3203.5.4.
3203.5.1 Security of areas. Containers and systems shall be secured against unauthorized entry and safeguarded in an approved manner.
3203.5.2 Securing of containers. Stationary containers shall be secured to foundations in accordance with the California Building Code. Portable containers subject to shifting or upset shall be secured. Nesting shall be an acceptable means of securing containers.
3203.5.3 Securing of vaporizers. Vaporizers, heat exchangers and similar equipment shall be anchored to a suitable foundation and its connecting piping shall be sufficiently flexible to provide for the effects of expansion and contraction due to temperature changes.
3203.5.4 Physical protection. Containers, piping, valves, pressure relief devices, regulating equipment and other appurtenances shall be protected against physical damage and tampering.
3203.6 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment shall comply with the California Electrical Code and Section 3203.7.1 and 3203.7.2.
3203.6.1 Location. Containers and systems shall not be located where they could become part of an electrical circuit.
3203.6.2 Electrical grounding and bonding. Containers and systems shall not be used for electrical grounding When electrical grounding and bonding is required, the system shall comply with the California Electrical Code. The grounding system shall be protected against corrosion, including corrosion caused by stray electric currents.
3203.7 Service and repair. Service, repair, modification or removal of valves, pressure relief devices or other container appurtenances shall comply with Sections 3203.7.1 and 3203.7.2 and the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII or DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100-185.
3203.7.1 Containers. Containers that have been removed from service shall be handled in an approved manner.
3203.7.2 Systems. Service and repair of systems shall be performed by trained personnel.
3203.8 Unauthorized use. Containers shall not be used for any purpose other than to serve as a vessel for containing the product which it is designed to contain.
3203.9 Leaks, damage and corrosion. Leaking, damaged or corroded containers shall be removed from service, Leaking, damaged or corroded systems shall be replaced, repaired or removed in accordance with Section 3203.7.
3203.10 Lighting. When required, lighting, including emergency lighting, shall be provided for fire appliances and operating facilities such as walkways, control valves and gates ancillary to stationary containers.
3204.1 General. Storage of containers shall comply with this section.
3204.2 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of containers shall be in accordance with Sections 3204.2.1 through 3204.2.2.3.
3204.2.1 Stationary containers. Stationary containers shall be installed in accordance with the provisions applicable to the type of fluid stored and this section.
3204.2.1.1 Containers. Stationary containers shall comply with Section 3203.1.
3204.2.1.2 Construction of indoor areas. Cryogenic fluids in stationary containers stored indoors shall be located in buildings, rooms or areas constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.
3204.2.1.3 Ventilation. Storage areas for stationary containers shall be ventilated in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
3204.2.2 Portable containers. Indoor storage of portable containers shall comply with the provisions applicable to the type of fluid stored and Sections 3204.2.2.1 through 3204.2.2.3.
3204.2.2.1 Containers. Portable container shall comply with Section 3203.1.
3204.2.2.2 Construction of indoor areas. Cryogenic fluids in portable containers stored indoors shall be stored in buildings, rooms or areas constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.
3204.2.2.3 Ventilation. Storage areas shall be ventilated in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
3204.3 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of containers shall be in accordance with Sections 3204.3.1 through 3204.3.1.2.3.
3204.3.1 Separation from hazardous conditions. Cryogenic containers and systems in outdoor storage shall be separated from materials and conditions that pose exposure hazards to or from each other in accordance with Sections 3204.3.1.1 through 3204.3.1.1.5.
3204.3.1.1 Stationary containers. Stationary containers shall be separated from exposure hazards in accordance with the provisions applicable to the type of fluid contained and the minimum separation distance indicated in Table 3204.3.1.1.
EXPOSURE | MINIMUM DISTANCE (feet) |
---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | |
Buildings, regardless of construction type | 1 |
Wall openings | 1 |
Air intakes | 10 |
Lot lines | 5 |
Places of public assembly | 50 |
Nonambulatory patient areas | 50 |
Combustible materials such as paper, leaves, weeds, dry grass or debris | 15 |
Other hazardous materials | In accordance with Chapter 27 |
3204.3.1.1.1 Point-of-fill connections. Remote transfer points and fill connection points shall not be positioned closer to exposures than the minimum distances required for stationary containers.
3204.3.1.1.2 Surfaces beneath containers. Containers shall be placed on surfaces that are compatible with the fluid in the container.
3204.3.1.1.3 Location. Containers of cryogenic fluids shall not be located within diked areas containing other hazardous materials.
3204.3.1.1.4 Areas subject to flooding. Stationary containers located in areas subject to flooding shall be
411securely anchored or elevated to prevent the containers from separating from foundations or supports.
3204.3.1.1.5 Drainage. The area surrounding stationary containers shall be provided with a means to prevent accidental discharge of fluids from endangering personnel, containers, equipment and adjacent structures or to enter enclosed spaces. The stationary container shall not be placed where spilled or discharged fluids will be retained around the container.
Exception: These provisions shall not apply when it is determined by the fire code official that the container does not constitute a hazard, after consideration of special features such as crushed rock utilized as a heat sink, topographical conditions, nature of occupancy, proximity to structures on the same or adjacent property, and the capacity and construction of containers and character of fluids to be stored.
3204.3.1.2 Outdoor storage of portable containers. Outdoor storage of portable containers shall comply with Sections 3203 and 3204.3.1.2.1 through 3204.3.1.2.3.
3204.3.1.2.1 Exposure hazard separation. Portable containers in outdoor storage shall be separated from exposure hazards in accordance with Table 3204.3.1.2.1.
EXPOSURE | MINIMUM DISTANCE (feet) |
---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | |
Building exits | 10 |
Wall openings | 1 |
Air intakes | 10 |
Lot lines | 5 |
Combustible materials such as paper, leaves, weeds, dry grass or debris |
15 |
Other hazardous materials | In accordance with Chapter 27 |
3204.3.1.2.2 Surfaces beneath containers. The surface of the area on which stationary containers are placed, including the surface of the area located below the point where connections are made for the purpose of filling such containers, shall be compatible with the fluid in the container.
3204.3.1.2.3 Drainage. The area surrounding portable containers shall be provided with a means to prevent accidental discharge of fluids from endangering adjacent containers, buildings, equipment or adjoining property.
Exception: These provisions shall not apply when it is determined by the fire code official that the container does not constitute a hazard.
3205.1 General. Use and handling of cryogenic fluid containers and systems shall comply with Sections 3205.1.1 through 3205.5.2.
3205.1.1 Cryogenic fluid systems. Cryogenic fluid Systems shall be suitable for the use intended and designed by persons competent in such design. Equipment, machinery and processes shall be listed or approved.
3205.1.2 Piping systems. Piping, tubing, valves and joints and fittings conveying cryogenic fluids shall be installed in accordance with the material-specific provisions of Sections 3201.1 and 3205.1.2.1 through 3205.1.2.6.
3205.1.2.1 Design and construction. Piping systems shall be suitable for the use intended through the full range of pressure and temperature to which they will be subjected. Piping systems shall be designed and constructed to provide adequate allowance for expansion, contraction, vibration, settlement and fire exposure.
3205.1.2.2 Joints. Joints on container piping and tubing shall be threaded, welded, silver brazed or flanged.
3205.1.2.3 Valves and accessory equipment. Valves and accessory equipment shall be suitable for the intended use at the temperatures of the application and shall be designed and constructed to withstand the maximum pressure at the minimum temperature to which they will be subjected.
3205.1.2.3.1 Shutoff valves on containers. Shutoff valves shall be provided on all container connections except for pressure relief devices. Shutoff valves shall be provided with access thereto and located as close as practical to the container.
3205.1.2.3.2 Shutoff valves on piping. Shutoff valves shall be installed in piping containing cryogenic fluids where needed to limit the volume of liquid discharged in the event of piping or equipment failure. Pressure relief valves shall be installed where liquid is capable of being trapped between shutoff-valves in the piping system (see Section 3203.2).
3205.1.2.4 Physical protection and support. Piping systems shall be supported and protected from physical damage. Piping passing through walls shall be protected from mechanical damage.
3205.1.2.5 Corrosion protection. Above-ground piping that is subject to corrosion because of exposure to corrosive atmospheres, shall be constructed of materials to resist the corrosive environment or otherwise protected against corrosion. Below-ground piping shall be protected against corrosion.
3205.1.2.6 Testing. Piping systems shall be tested and proven free of leaks after installation as required by the standards to which they were designed and constructed. Test pressures shall not be less than 150 percent of the maximum allowable working pressure when hydraulic testing is conducted or 110 percent when testing is conducted pneumatically.
3205.2 Indoor use. Indoor use of cryogenic fluids shall comply with the material-specific provisions of Section 3201.1.
3205.3 Outdoor use. Outdoor use of cryogenic fluids shall comply with the material specific provisions of Sections 3201.1, 3205.3.1 and 3205.3.2.
3205.3.1 Separation. Distances from property lines, buildings and exposure hazards shall comply with Section 3204.3 and the material-specific provisions of Section 3201.1.
3205.3.2 Emergency shutoff valves. Manual or automatic emergency shutoff valves shall be provided to shut off the cryogenic fluid supply in case of emergency. An emergency shutoff valve shall be located at the source of supply and at the point where the system enters the building.
3205.4 Filling and dispensing. Filling and dispensing of cryogenic fluids shall comply with Sections 3205.4.1 through 3205.4.3.
3205.4.1 Dispending areas. Dispensing of cryogenic fluids with physical or health hazards shall be conducted in approved locations. Dispensing indoors shall be conducted in areas constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.
3205.4.1.1 Ventilation. Indoor areas where cryogenic fluids are dispensed shall be ventilated in accordance with the requirements of the California Mechanical Code in a manner that captures any vapor at the point of generation.
Exception:Cryogenic fluids that can be demonstrated not to create harmful vapors.
3205.4.1.2 Piping systems. Piping systems utilized for filling or dispensing of cryogenic fluids shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 3205.1.2.
3205.4.2 Vehicle loading and unloading areas. Loading or unloading areas shall be conducted in an approved manner in accordance with the standards referenced in Section 3201.1.
3205.4.3. Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided to prevent overfilling of stationary containers during filling operations.
3205.5 Handling. Handling of cryogenic containers shall comply with Section 3205.5.1 and 3205.5.2.
3205.5.1 Carts and trucks. Cryogenic containers shall be moved using an approved method. Where cryogenic containers are moved by hand cart, hand truck or other mobile device, such carts, trucks or devices shall be designed for the secure movement of the container.
Carts and trucks used to transport cryogenic containers shall be designed to provide a stable base for the commodities to be transported and shall have a means of restraining containers to prevent accidental dislodgement.
3205.5.2 Closed containers. Pressurized containers shall be transported in a closed condition. Containers designed for use at atmospheric conditions shall be transported with appropriate loose fitting covers in place to prevent spillage.
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
3301.1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
3308.1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
3308.1.1 | X |
3301.1 Scope.For explosives requirements see California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 10. For fire works requirements see California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 6.
Exceptions:
- The Armed Forces of the United States, Coast Guard or National Guard.
- Explosives in forms prescribed by the official United States Pharmacopoeia.
- The possession, storage and use of small arms ammunition when packaged in accordance with DOTn packaging requirements.
- The use of explosive materials by federal, state and local regulatory, law enforcement and fire agencies acting in their official capacities.
- Items preempted by federal regulations.
SECTION 3302
RESERVED
SECTION 3303
RESERVED
SECTION 3304
RESERVED
SECTION 3305
RESERVED
SECTION 3306
RESERVED
SECTION 3307
RESERVED
3308.1 General. Outdoor fireworks displays, use of pyrotechnics before a proximate audience and pyrotechnic special effects in theatrical and group entertainment productions shall comply with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 6-Fireworks.
3308.1.1 Scope. Fireworks and temporary storage, use, and handling of pyrotechnic special effects material used in motion pictures, television, and theatrical and group entertainment productions shall be in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 6 - Fireworks.
SECTION 3309
RESERVED
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
3404.2.1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
3404.2.9.2.2 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
3406.5.1.11 | X |
3401.1 Scope and application. Prevention, control and mitigation of dangerous conditions related to storage, use, dispensing, mixing and handling of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 and this chapter.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.15] Flammable and Combustible Liquids.
Flammable and combustible liquids shall not be placed, stored or handled in any occupancy within the scope of California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 regulations except as provided in the California Fire Code.
3401.2 Nonapplicability. This chapter shall not apply to liquids as otherwise provided in other laws or regulations or chapters of this code, including:
3401.3 Referenced documents. The applicable requirements of Chapter 27, other chapters of this code, the California Building Code and the California Mechanical Code pertaining to flammable liquids shall apply.
3401.4 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.6 and 105.7.
3401.5 Material classification. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be classified in accordance with the definitions in Section 3402.1.
When mixed with lower flash-point liquids, Class II or III liquids are capable of assuming the characteristics of the lower flash-point liquids. Under such conditions the appropriate provisions of this chapter for the actual flash point of the mixed liquid shall apply. When heated above their flash points, Class II and III liquids assume the characteristics of Class I liquids. Under such conditions, the appropriate provisions of this chapter for flammable liquids shall apply.
3402.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB. An alcohol-containing preparation designed for application to the hands for reducing the number of viable microorganisms on the hands and containing ethanol or isopropanol in an amount not exceeding 70 percent by volume.
BULK PLANT OR TERMINAL. That portion of a property where flammable or combustible liquids are received by tank vessel, pipelines, tank car or tank vehicle and are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vessel, pipeline, tank care, tank vehicle, portable tank or container.
BULK TRANSFER. The loading or unloading of flammable or combustible liquids from or between tank vehicles, tank cars or storage tanks.
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID. A liquid having a closed cup flash point at or above 100°F (38°C). Combustible liquids shall be subdivided as follows:
Class II. Liquids having a closed cup flash point at or above 100°F (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C).
Class IIIA. Liquids having a closed cup flash point at or above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C).
Class IIIB. Liquids having closed cup flash points at or above 200°F (93°C).
The category of combustible liquids does not include compressed gases or cryogenic fluids.
421FIRE POINT. The lowest temperature at which a liquid will ignite and achieve sustained burning when exposed to a test flame in accordance with ASTM D 92.
FLAMMABLE LIQUID. A liquid having a closed cup flash point below 100°F (38°C). Flammable liquids are further categorized into a group known as Class I liquids. The Class I category is subdivided as follows:
Class IA. Liquids having a flash point below 73°F (23°C) and having a boiling point below 100°F (38°C).
Class IB. Liquids having a flash point below 73°F (23°C) and having a boiling point at or above 100°F (38°C).
Class IC. Liquids having a flash point at or above 73°F (23°C) and below 100°F (38°C).
The category of flammable liquids does not include compressed gases or cryogenic fluids.
FLASH POINT. The minimum temperature in degrees Fahrenheit at which a liquid will give off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface or in the container, but will not sustain combustion. The flash point of a liquid shall be determined by appropriate test procedure and apparatus as specified in ASTM D 56, ASTM D 93 or ASTM D 3278.
FUEL LIMIT SWITCH. A mechanism, located on a tank vehicle, that limits the quantity of product dispensed at one time.
LIQUID STORAGE ROOM. A room classified as a Group H-3 occupancy used for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids in a closed condition.
LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE. A building classified as a Group H-2 or H-3 occupancy used for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids in a closed condition.
MOBILE FUELING. The operation of dispensing liquid fuels from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles. Mobile fueling may also be known by the terms “Mobile fleet fueling,” “Wet fueling” and “Wet hosing.”
PROCESS TRANSFER. The transfer of flammable or combustible liquids between tank vehicles or tank cars and process operations. Process operations may include containers, tanks, piping and equipment.
REFINERY. A plant in which flammable or combustible liquids are produced on a commercial scale from crude petroleum, natural gasoline or other hydrocarbon sources.
REMOTE EMERGENCY SHUTOFF DEVICE. The combination of an operator-carried signaling device and a mechanism on the tank vehicle. Activation of the remote emergency shutoff device sends a signal to the tanker-mounted mechanism and causes fuel flow to cease.
REMOTE SOLVENT RESERVOIR. A liquid solvent container enclosed against evaporative losses to the atmosphere during periods when the container is not being utilized, except for a solvent return opening not larger than 16 square inches (10 322 mm2). Such return allows pump-cycled used solvent to drain back into the reservoir from a separate solvent sink or work area.
SOLVENT DISTILLATION UNIT. An appliance that receives contaminated flammable or combustible liquids and which distills the contents to remove contaminants and recover the solvents.
TANK, PRIMARY. A listed atmospheric tank used to store liquid. See “Primary containment.”
3403.1 Electrical. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Section 605 and the California Electrical Code.
3403.1.1 Classified locations for flammable liquids. Areas where flammable liquids are stored, handled, dispensed or mixed shall be in accordance with Table 3403.1.1. A classified area shall not extend beyond an unpierced floor, roof or other solid partition.
The extent of the classified area is allowed to be reduced, or eliminated, where sufficient technical justification is provided to the fire code official that a concentration in the area in excess of 25 percent of the lower flammable limit (LFL) cannot be generated.
3403.1.2 Classified locations for combustible liquids. Areas where Class II or III liquids are heated above their flash points shall have electrical installations in accordance with Section 3403.1.1.
Exception: Solvent distillation units in accordance with Section 3405.4.
3403.1.3 Other applications. The fire code official is authorized to determine the extent of the Class I electrical equipment and wiring location when a condition is not specifically covered by these requirements or the California Electrical Code.
3403.2 Fire protection. Fire protection for the storage, use, dispensing, mixing, handling and on-site transportation of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with this chapter and applicable sections of Chapter 9.
3403.2.1 Portable fire extinguishers and hose lines. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Section 906. Hose lines shall be provided in accordance with Section 905.
3403.3 Site assessment. In the event of a spill, leak or discharge from a tank system, a site assessment shall be completed by the owner or operator of such tank system if the fire code official determines that a potential fire or explosion hazard exists. Such site assessments shall be conducted to ascertain potential fire hazards and shall be completed and submitted to the fire department within a time period established by the fire code official, not to exceed 60 days.
3403.4 Spill control and secondary containment. Where the maximum allowable quantity per control area is exceeded, and when required by Section 2704.2, rooms, buildings or areas used for storage, dispensing, use, mixing or handling of Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Section 2704.2.
4223403.5 Labeling and signage. The fire code official is authorized to require warning signs for the purpose of identifying the hazards of storing or using flammable liquids. Signage for identification and warning such as for the inherent hazard of flammable liquids or smoking shall be provided in accordance with this chapter and Sections 2703.5 and 2703.6.
3403.5.1 Style. Warning signs shall be of a durable material. Signs warning of the hazard of flammable liquids shall have white lettering on a red background and shall read: DANGER—FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS. Letters shall not be less than 3 inches (76 mm) in height and ½ inch (12.7 mm) in stroke.
3403.5.2 Location. Signs shall be posted in locations as required by the fire code official. Piping containing flammable liquids shall be identified in accordance with ASME A13.1.
3403.5.3 Warning labels. Individual containers, packages and cartons shall be identified, marked, labeled and placarded in accordance with federal regulations and applicable state laws.
3403.5.4 Identification. Color coding or other approved identification means shall be provided on each loading and unloading riser for flammable or combustible liquids to identify the contents of the tank served by the riser.
3403.6 Piping systems. Piping systems, and their component parts, for flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Sections 3403.6.1 through 3403.6.11.
3403.6.1 Nonapplicability. The provisions of Section 3403.6 shall not apply to gas or oil well installations; piping that is integral to stationary or portable engines, including aircraft, watercraft and motor vehicles; and piping in connection with boilers and pressure vessels regulated by the California Mechanical Code.
3403.6.2 Design, fabrication and installation of piping systems and components. Piping system components shall be designed and fabricated in accordance with the applicable standard listed in Table 3403.6.2 and Chapter 27 of NFPA 30, except as modified by Section 3403.6.2.1.
PIPING USE | STANDARD |
---|---|
Power Piping | ASME B31.1 |
Process Piping | ASME B31.3 |
Pipeline Transportation System for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids | ASME B31.4 |
Building Services Piping | ASME B31.9 |
3403.6.2.1 Special materials. Low-melting-point materials (such as aluminum, copper or brass), materials that soften on fire exposure (such as nonmetallic materials) and nonductile material (such as cast iron) shall be acceptable for use underground in accordance with the applicable standard listed in Table 3403.6.2. When such materials are used outdoors in above-ground piping systems or within buildings, they shall be in accordance with the applicable standard listed in Table 3403.6.2 and one of the following:
In all cases, nonmetallic piping shall be used in accordance with Section 27.4.6 of NFPA 30.
3403.6.3 Testing. Unless tested in accordance with the applicable section of ASME B31.9, piping, before being covered, enclosed or placed in use, shall be hydrostatically tested to 150 percent of the maximum anticipated pressure of the system, or pneumatically tested to 110 percent of the maximum anticipated pressure of the system, but not less than 5 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (34.47 kPa) at the highest point of the system. This test shall be maintained for a sufficient time period to complete visual inspection of joints and connections. For a minimum of 10 minutes, there shall be no leakage or permanent distortion. Care shall be exercised to ensure that these pressure are not applied to vented storage tanks. Such storage tanks shall be tested independently from the piping.
3403.6.3.1 Existing piping. Existing piping shall be tested in accordance with this section when the fire code official has reasonable cause to believe that a leak exists. Piping that could contain flammable or combustible liquids shall not be tested pneumatically. Such tests shall be at the expense of the owner or operator.
Exception: Vapor-recovery piping is allowed to be tested using an inert gas.
3403.6.4 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other approved means shall be provided to protect piping, valves or fittings subject to vehicular damage in accordance with Section 312.
3403.6.5 Protection from corrosion and galvanic action. Where subject to external corrosion, piping, related fluid-handling components and supports for both underground and above-ground applications shall be fabricated from noncorrosive materials, and coated or provided with corrosion protection. Dissimilar metallic parts that promote galvanic action shall not be joined.
3403.6.6 Valves. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient number of manual control valves and check valves to operate the system properly and to protect the plant under both normal and emergency conditions. Piping systems in connection with pumps shall contain a sufficient number of such valves to control properly the flow of liquids in normal operation and in the event of physical damage or fire exposure.
3403.6.6.1 Backflow protections. Connections to pipelines or piping by which equipment (such as tank cars, tank vehicles or marine vessels) discharges liquids into storage tanks shall be provided with check valves or block valves for automatic protection against backflow
425where the piping arrangement is such that backflow from the system is possible. Where loading and unloading is done through a common pipe system, a check valve is not required. However, a block valve shall be provided which is located so as to be readily accessible or remotely operable.
3403.6.6.2 Manual drainage. Manual drainage-control valves shall be located at approved locations remote from the tanks, diked area, drainage system and impounding basin to ensure their operation in a fire condition.
3403.6.7 Connections. Above-ground tanks with connections located below normal liquid level shall be provided with internal or external isolation valves located as close as practical to the shall of the tank. Except for liquids whose chemical characteristics are incompatible with steel, such valves, when external, and their connections to the tank shall be of steel.
3403.6.8 Piping supports. Piping systems shall be substantially supported and protected against physical damage and excessive stresses arising from settlement, vibration, expansion, contraction or exposure to fire. The supports shall be protected against exposure to fire by one of the following:
3403.6.9 Flexible joints. Flexible joints shall be listed and approved and shall be installed on underground liquid, vapor and vent piping at all of the following locations:
3403.6.9.1 Fiberglass-reinforced plastic piping. Fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) piping is not required to be provided with flexible joints in locations where both of the following conditions are present:
In lieu of the minimum 4-foot (1219 mm) straight run length, approved and listed flexible joints are allowed to be used under dispensers and suction pumps, at submerged pumps and tanks, and where vents extend above ground.
3403.6.10 Pipe joints. Joints shall be liquid tight and shall be welded, flanged or threaded except that listed flexible connectors are allowed in accordance with Section 3403.6.9. Threaded or flanged joints shall fit tightly by using approved methods and materials for the type of joint. Joints in piping systems used for Class I liquids shall be welded when located in concealed spaces within buildings.
Nonmetallic joints shall be approved and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Pipe joints that are dependent on the friction characteristics or resiliency of combustible materials for liquid tightness of piping shall not be used in buildings. Piping shall be secured to prevent disengagement at the fitting.
3403.6.11 Bends. Pipe and tubing shall be bent in accordance with ASME B31.9.
3404.1 General. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in containers and tanks shall be in accordance with this section and the applicable sections of Chapter 27.
3404.2 Tank storage. The provisions of this section shall apply to:
3404.2.1 Change of tank contents. Tanks subject to change in contents shall be in accordance with Section 3404.2.7. Prior to a change in contents, the fire code official is authorized to require testing of a tank.
Tanks that have previously contained Class I liquids shall not be loaded with Class II or Class III liquids until such tanks and all piping, pumps, hoses and meters connected thereto have been completely drained and flushed.
Exception: When approved by the Enforcing Agency the procedures prescribed in API (API-RP-2003) Recommended Practices 2003 entitled; Protection Against Ignitions Arising Our of Static, Lightning, and Stray Currents may be used for changing tank contents.
3404.2.2 Use of tank vehicles and tank cars as storage tanks. Tank cars and tank vehicles shall not be used as storage tanks.
3404.2.3 Labeling and signs. Labeling and signs for storage tanks and storage tank areas shall comply with Sections 3404.2.3.1 and 3404.2.3.2.
3404.2.3.1 Smoking and open flame. Signs shall be posted in storage areas prohibiting open flames and smoking. Signs shall comply with Section 3403.5.
3404.2.3.2 Label or placard. Tanks more than 100 gallons (379 L) in capacity, which are permanently installed or mounted and used for the storage of Class I, II or III liquids, shall bear a label and placard identifying the
426material therein. Placards shall be in accordance with NFPA 704.
Exceptions:
- Tanks of 300-gallon (1136 L) capacity or less located on private property and used for heating and cooking fuels in single-family dwellings.
- Tanks located underground.
3404.2.4 Sources of ignition. Smoking and open flames are prohibited in storage areas in accordance with Section 2703.7.
Exception: Areas designated as smoking and hot work areas, and areas where hot work permits have been issued in accordance with this code.
3404.2.5 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with Section 911.
3404.2.6 Separation from incompatible materials. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall be separated from incompatible materials in accordance with Section 2703.9.8.
Grass, weeds, combustible materials and waste Class I, II or III A liquids shall not be accumulated in an unsafe manner at a storage site.
3404.2.7 Design, construction and general installation requirements for tanks. The design, fabrication and construction of tanks shall comply with NFPA 30. Each tank shall bear a permanent nameplate or marking indicating the standard used as the basis of design.
3404.2.7.1 Materials used in tank construction. The materials used in tank construction shall be in accordance with NFPA 30.
3404.2.7.2 Pressure limitations for tanks. Tanks shall be designed for the pressures to which they will be subjected in accordance with NFPA 30.
3404.2.7.3 Tank vents for normal venting. Tank vents for normal venting shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Sections 3404.2.7.3.1 through 3404.2.7.3.6.
3404.2.7.3.1 Vent lines. Vent lines from tanks shall not be used for purposes other than venting unless approved.
3404.2.7.3.2 Vent-line flame arresters and venting devices. Vent-line flame arresters and venting devices shall be installed in accordance with their listings. Use of flame arresters in piping systems shall be in accordance with API 2028.
3404.2.7.3.3 Vent pipe outlets. Vent pipe outlets for tanks storing Class I, II or IIIA liquids shall be located such that the vapors are released at a safe point outside of buildings and not less than 12 feet (3658 mm) above the finished ground level. Vapors shall be discharged upward or horizontally away from adjacent walls to assist in vapor dispersion. Vent outlets shall be located such that flammable vapors will not be trapped by eaves or other obstructions and shall be at least 5 feet (1524 mm) from building openings or lot lines of properties that can be built upon. Vent outlets on atmospheric tanks storing Class IIIB liquids are allowed to discharge inside a building if the vent is a normally closed vent.
Exception: Vent pipe outlets on tanks storing Class IIIB liquid inside buildings and connected to fuel-burning equipment shall be located such that the vapors are released to a safe location outside of buildings.
3404.2.7.3.4 Installation of vent piping. Vent piping shall be designed, sized, constructed and installed in accordance with Section 3403.6. Vent pipes shall be installed such that they will drain toward the tank without sags or traps in which liquid can collect. Vent pipes shall be installed in such a manner so as not to be subject to physical damage or vibration.
3404.2.7.3.5 Manifolding. Tank vent piping shall not be manifolded unless required for special purposes such as vapor recovery, vapor conservation or air pollution control.
3404.2.7.3.5.1 Above-ground tanks. For above-ground tanks, manifolded vent pipes shall be adequately sized to prevent system pressure limits from being exceeded when manifolded tanks are subject to the same fire exposure.
3404.2.7.3.5.2 Underground tanks. For under-ground tanks, manifolded vent pipes shall be sized to prevent system pressure limits from being exceeded when manifolded tanks are filled simultaneously.
3404.2.7.3.5.3 Tanks storing Class I liquids. Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be manifolded with vent piping for tanks storing Class II and III liquids unless positive means are provided to prevent the vapors from Class I liquids from entering tanks storing Class II and III liquids, to prevent contamination and possible change in classification of less volatile liquid.
3404.2.7.3.6 Tank venting for tanks and pressure vessels storing Class IB and IC liquids.Tanks and pressure vessels storing Class IB or IC liquids shall be equipped with venting devices which shall be normally closed except when venting under pressure or vacuum conditions, or with listed flame arresters. The vents shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Section 21.4.3 of NFPA 30 or API 2000.
3404.2.7.4 Emergency venting. Stationary, above-ground tanks shall be equipped with additional venting that will relieve excessive internal pressure caused by exposure to fires. Emergency vents for Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall not discharge inside buildings. The venting shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Section 22.7 of NFPA 30.
427Exception: Tanks larger than 12,000 gallons (45 420 L) in capacity storing Class IIIB liquids which are not
within the diked area or the drainage path of Class I or II liquids do not require emergency relief venting.
3404.2.7.5 Tank openings other than vents. Tank openings for other than vents shall comply with Sections 3404.2.7.5.1 through 3404.2.7.5.8.
3404.2.7.5.1 Connections below liquid level. Connections for tank openings below the liquid level shall be liquid tight.
3404.2.7.5.2 Filling, emptying and vapor recovery connections. Filling, emptying and vapor recovery connections to tanks containing Class I, II or IIIA liquids shall be located outside of buildings in accordance with Section 3404.2.7.5.6 at a location free from sources of ignition and not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) away from building openings or lot lines of property that can be built on. Such openings shall be properly identified and provided with a liquid-tight cap which shall be closed when not in use.
Filling and emptying connections to indoor tanks containing Class IIIB liquids and connected to fuel-burning equipment shall be located at a finished ground level location outside of buildings. Such openings shall be provided with a liquid-tight cap which shall be closed when not in use. A sign in accordance with Section 2703.6 that displays the following warning shall be permanently attached at the filling location:
TRANSFERRING FUEL OTHER THAN
CLASS IIIB COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID TO
THIS TANK CONNECTION IS A VIOLATION
OF THE FIRE CODE AND IS STRICTLY
PROHIBITED.
3404.2.7.5.3 Piping, connections and fittings. Piping, connections, fittings and other appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with Section 3403.6.
3404.2.7.5.4 Manual gauging. Openings for manual gauging, if independent of the fill pipe, shall be provided with a liquid-tight cap or cover. Covers shall be kept closed when not gauging. If inside a building, such openings shall be protected against liquid overflow and possible vapor release by means of a spring- loaded check valve or other approved device.
3404.2.7.5.5 Fill pipes and discharge lines. For top-loaded tanks, a metallic fill pipe shall be designed and installed to minimize the generation of static electricity by terminating the pipe within 6 inches (152 mm) of the bottom of the tank, and it shall be installed in a manner which avoids excessive vibration.
3404.2.7.5.5.1 Class I liquids. For Class I liquids other than crude oil, gasoline and asphalt, the fill pipe shall be designed and installed in a manner which will minimize the possibility of generation static electricity by terminating within 6 inches (152 mm) of the bottom of the tank.
3404.2.7.5.5.2 Underground tanks. For underground tanks, fill pipe and discharge lines shall enter only through the top. Fill lines shall be sloped toward the tank. Underground tanks for Class I liquids having a capacity greater than 1,000 gallons (3785 L) shall be equipped with a tight fill device for connecting the fill hose to the tank.
3404.2.7.5.6 Location of connections that are made or broken. Filling, withdrawal and vaporrecovery connections for Class I, II and IIIA liquids which are made and broken shall be located outside of buildings, not more than 5 feet (1524 mm) above the finished ground level, in an approved location in close proximity to the parked delivery vehicle. Such location shall be away from sources of ignition and not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) away from building openings. Such connections shall be closed and liquid tight when not in use and shall be properly identified.
3404.2.7.5.7 Protection against vapor release. Tank openings provided for purposes of vapor recovery shall be protected against possible vapor release by means of a spring-loaded check valve or dry-break connections, or other approved device, unless the opening is a pipe connected to a vapor processing system. Openings designed for combined fill and vapor recovery shall also be protected against vapor release unless connection of the liquid delivery line to the fill pipe simultaneously connects the vapor recovery line. Connections shall be vapor tight.
3404.2.7.5.8 Overfill prevention. An approved means or method in accordance with Section 3404.2.9.7.6 shall be provided to prevent the overfill of all Class I, II and IIIA liquid storage tanks. Storage tanks in refineries, bulk plants or terminals regulated by Section 3406.4 or 3406.7 shall have overfill protection in accordance with API 2350.
An approved means or method in accordance with Section 3404.2.9.7.6 shall be provided to prevent the overfilling of Class IIIB liquid storage tanks connected to fuel-burning equipment inside buildings.
Exception: Outside above-ground tanks with a capacity of 1320 gallons (5000 L) or less.
3404.2.7.6 Repair, alteration or reconstruction of tanks and piping. The repair, alteration or reconstruction, including welding, cutting and hot tapping of storage tanks and piping that have been placed in service, shall be in accordance with NFPA 30.
3404.2.7.7 Design of supports. The design of the supporting structure for tanks shall be in accordance with the California Building Code and NFPA 30.
3404.2.7.8 Locations subject to flooding. Where a tank is located in an area where it is subject to buoyancy because of a rise in the water table, flooding or accumulation of water from fire suppression operations, uplift protection shall be provided in accordance with Sections 22.14 and 23.14 of NFPA 30.
4283404.2.7.9 Corrosion protection. Where subject to external corrosion, tanks shall be fabricated from corrosion-resistant materials, coated or provided with corrosion protection in accordance with Section 23.3.4 of NFPA 30.
3404.2.7.10 Leak reporting. A consistent or accidental loss of liquid, or other indication of a leak from a tank system, shall be reported immediately to the fire department, the fire code official and other authorities having jurisdiction.
3404.2.7.10.1 Leaking tank disposition. Leaking tanks shall be promptly emptied, repaired and returned to service, abandoned or removed in accordance with Section 3404.2.13 or 3404.2.14.
3404.2.7.11 Tank lining. Steel tanks are allowed to be lined only for the purpose of protecting the interior from corrosion or providing compatibility with a material to be stored. Only those liquids tested for compatibility with the lining material are allowed to be stored in lined tanks.
3404.2.8 Vaults. Vaults shall be allowed to be either above or below grade and shall comply with Sections 3404.2.8.1 through 3404.2.8.18.
3404.2.8.1 Listing required. Vaults shall be listed in accordance with UL 2245.
Exception: Where approved by the fire code official, below-grade vaults are allowed to be constructed on site, provided that the design is in accordance with the California Building Code and that special inspections are conducted to verify structural strength and compliance of the installation with the approved design in accordance with Section 1707 of the California Building Code. Installation plans for below-grade vaults that are constructed on site shall be prepared by, and the design shall bear the stamp of, a professional engineer. Consideration shall be given to soil and hydrostatic loading on the floors, walls and lid; anticipated seismic forces; uplifting by groundwater or flooding; and to loads imposed from above such as traffic and equipment loading on the vault lid.
3404.2.8.2 Design and construction. The vault shall completely enclose each tank. There shall be no openings in the vault enclosure except those necessary for access to, inspection of, and filling, emptying and venting of the tank. The walls and floor of the vault shall be constructed of reinforced concrete at least 6 inches (152 mm) thick. The top of an above-grade vault shall be constructed of noncombustible material and shall be designed to be weaker than the walls of the vault, to ensure that the thrust of an explosion occurring inside the vault is directed upward before significantly high pressure can develop within the vault.
The top of an at-grade or below-grade vault shall be designed to relieve safely or contain the force of an explosion occurring inside the vault. The top and floor of the vault and the tank foundation shall be designed to withstand the anticipated loading, including loading from vehicular traffic, where applicable. The walls and floor of a vault installed below grade shall be designed to withstand anticipated soil and hydrostatic loading.
Vaults shall be designed to be wind and earthquake resistant, in accordance with the California Building Code.
3404.2.8.3 Secondary containment. Vaults shall be substantially liquid tight and there shall be no backfill around the tank or within the vault. The vault floor shall drain to a sump. For premanufactured vaults, liquid tightness shall be certified as part of the listing provided by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. For fielderected vaults, liquid tightness shall be certified in an approved manner.
3404.2.8.4 Internal clearance. There shall be sufficient clearance between the tank and the vault to allow for visual inspection and maintenance of the tank and its appurtenances. Dispensing devices are allowed to be installed on tops of vaults.
3404.2.8.5 Anchoring. Vaults and their tanks shall be suitably anchored to withstand uplifting by ground water or flooding, including when the tank is empty.
3404.2.8.6 Vehicle impact protection. Vaults shall be resistant to damage from the impact of a motor vehicle, or vehicle impact protection shall be provided in accordance with Section 312.
3404.2.8.7 Arrangement. Tanks shall be listed for above-ground use, and each tank shall be in its own vault. Compartmentalized tanks shall be allowed and shall be considered as a single tank. Adjacent vaults shall be allowed to share a common wall. The common wall shall be liquid and vapor tight and shall be designed to withstand the load imposed when the vault on either side of the wall is filled with water.
3404.2.8.8 Connections. Connections shall be provided to permit venting of each vault to dilute, disperse and remove vapors prior to personnel entering the vault.
3404.2.8.9 Ventilation. Vaults that contain tanks of Class I liquids shall be provided with and exhaust ventilation system installed in accordance with Section 2704.3. The ventilation system shall operate continuously or be designed to operate upon activation of the vapor or liquid detection system. The system shall provide ventilation at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute (cfm) per square foot of floor area [0.00508 m3(s . m2)], but not less than 150 cfm (0.071 m3/s). The exhaust system shall be designed to provide air movement across all parts of the vault floor. Supply and exhaust ducts shall extend to within 3 inches (76 mm), but not more than 12 inches (305 mm), of the floor. The exhaust system shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
3404.2.8.10 Liquid detection. Vaults shall be equipped with a detection system capable of detecting liquids, including water, and activating an alarm.
4293404.2.8.11 Monitoring and detection. Vaults shall be provided with approved vapor and liquid detection systems and equipped with on-site audible and visual warning devices with battery backup. Vapor detection systems shall sound an alarm when the system detects vapors that reach or exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL) of the liquid stored. Vapor detectors shall be located no higher than 12 inches (305 mm) above the lowest point in the vault. Liquid detection systems shall sound an alarm upon detection of any liquid, including water. Liquid detectors shall be located in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Activation of either vapor or liquid detection systems shall cause a signal to be sounded at an approved, constantly attended location within the facility serving the tanks or at an approved location. Activation of vapor detection systems shall also shut off dispenser pumps.
3404.2.8.12 Liquid removal. Means shall be provided to recover liquid from the vault. Where a pump is used to meet this requirement, the pump shall not be permanently installed in the vault. Electric-powered portable pumps shall be suitable for use in Class I, Division 1, or Zone 0 locations, as defined in the California Electrical Code.
3404.2.8.13 Normal vents. Vent pipes that are provided for normal tank venting shall terminate at least 12 feet (3658 mm) above ground level.
3404.2.8.14 Emergency vents. Emergency vents shall be vapor tight and shall be allowed to discharge inside the vault. Long-bolt manhole covers shall not be allowed for this purpose.
3404.2.8.15 Accessway. Vaults shall be provided with an approved personnel accessway with a minimum dimension of 30 inches (762 mm) and with a permanently affixed, nonferrous ladder. Accessways shall be designed to be nonsparking. Travel distance from any point inside a vault to an accessway shall not exceed 20 feet (6096 mm). At each entry point, a warning sign indicating the need for procedures for safe entry into confined spaces shall be posted. Entry points shall be secured against unauthorized entry and vandalism.
3404.2.8.16 Fire protection. Vaults shall be provided with a suitable means to admit a fire suppression agent.
3404.2.8.17 Classified area. The interior of a vault containing a tank that stores a Class I liquid shall be designated a Class I, Division 1, or Zone 0 location, as defined in the California Electrical Code.
3404.2.8.18 Overfill protection. Overfill protection shall be provided in accordance with Section 3404.2.9.7.6. The use of a float vent valve shall be prohibited.
3404.2.9 Above-ground tanks. Above-ground storage of flammable and combustible liquids in tanks shall comply with Section 3404.2 and Sections 3404.2.9.1 through 3404.2.9.7.10.
3404.2.9.1 Existing noncompliant installations. Existing above-ground tanks shall be maintained in accordance with the code requirements that were applicable at the time of installation. Above-ground tanks that were installed in violation of code requirements applicable at the time of installation shall be made code compliant or shall be removed in accordance with Section 3404.2.14, regardless of whether such tank has been previously inspected (see Section 106.4).
3404.2.9.2 Fire protection. Fire protection for above-ground tanks shall comply with Sections 3404.2.9.2.1 through 3404.2.9.2.4.
3404.2.9.2.1 Required foam fire protection systems. When required by the fire code official, foam fire protection shall be provided for above-ground tanks, other than pressure tanks operating at or above 1 pound per square inch gauge (psig) (6.89 kPa) when such tank, or group of tanks spaced less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) apart measured shell to shell, has a liquid surface area in excess of 1,500 square feet (139 m2), and is in accordance with one of the following:
3404.2.9.2.2 Foam fire protection system installations. Foam fire protection system installation. Where foam fire protection is requied, it shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 11 (Section 4.8) and NFPA 11A.
3404.2.9.2.2.1 Foam storage. Where foam fire protection is required, foam-producing materials shall be stored on the premises.
Exception: Storage of foam-producing materials off the permises is allowed as follows:
- Such materials stored off the premises shall be the proper type suitable for use with the equipment at the installation where required.
- Such materials shall be readily available at the storage location at all times.
- Adequate loading and transportation facilities shall be provided. 430
- The time required to deliver such materials to the required location in the event of fire shall be consistent with the hazards and fire scenarios for which the foam supply is intended.
- At the time of a fire, these off-premises supplies shall be accumulated in sufficient quantities before placing the equipment in operation to ensure foam production at an adequate rate without interruption until extinguishment is accomplished.
3404.2.9.2.3 Fire protection of supports. Supports or pilings for above-ground tanks storing Class I, II or IIIA liquids elevated more than 12 inches (305 mm) above grade shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours in accordance with the fire exposure criteria specified in ASTM E 1529.
Exceptions:
- Structural supports tested as part of a protected above-ground tank in accordance with UL 2085.
- Stationary tanks located outside of buildings when protected by an approved water-spray system designed in accordance with Chapter 9 and NFPA 15.
- Stationary tanks located inside of buildings equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system designed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
3404.2.9.2.4 Inerting of tanks storing boilover liquids. Liquids with boilover characteristics shall not be stored in fixed roof tanks larger than 150 feet (45 720 mm) in diameter unless an approved gas enrichment or inerting system is provided on the tank.
Exception:Crude oil storage tanks in production fields with no other exposures adjacent to the storage tank.
3404.2.9.3 Supports, foundations and anchorage. Supports, foundations and anchorages for above-ground tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance with NFPA 30 and the California Building Code.
3404.2.9.4 Stairs, platforms and walkways. Stairs, platforms and walkways shall be of noncombustible construction and shall be designed and constructed in accordance with NFPA 30 and the California Building Code.
3404.2.9.5 Above-ground tanks inside of buildings. Tanks storing Class I, II and IIIA liquids inside buildings shall be equipped with a device or other means to prevent overflow into the building including, but not limited to: a float valve; a preset meter on the fill line; a valve actuated by the weight of the tank’s contents; a low-head pump that is incapable of producing overflow; or a liquid-tight overflow pipe at least one pipe size larger than the fill pipe and discharging by gravity back to the outside source of liquid or to an approvedlocation.
Tanks containing Class IIIB liquids and connected to fuel-burning equipment shall be provided with a means to prevent overflow into buildings in accordance with Section 3404.2.7.5.8.
3404.2.9.6 Above-ground tanks outside of buildings. Above-ground tanks outside of buildings shall comply with Sections 3404.2.9.6.1 through 3404.2.9.6.3.
3404.2.9.6.1 Locations where above-ground tanks are prohibited. Storage of Class I and II liquids in above-ground tanks outside of buildings in prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits of districts in which such storage is prohibited (see Section 3 of the Sample Ordinance for Adoption of the California Fire Code on page v).
3404.2.9.6.1.1 Location of tanks with pressures 2.5 psig or less. Above-ground tanks operating at pressures not exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) for storage of Class I, II or IIIA liquids, which are designed with a floating roof, a week roof-to-shell seam or equipped with emergency venting devices limiting pressure to 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa), shall be located in accordance with Table 22.4.1.1 (a) of NFPA 30.
Exceptions:
- Vertical tanks having a weak roof-to-shell seam and storing Class IIIA liquids are allowed to be located at one-half the distances specified in Table 22.4.1.1(a) of NFPA 30, provided the tanks are not within a diked area or drainage path for a tank storing Class I or II liquids.
- Liquids with boilover characteristics and unstable liquids in accordance with Sections 3404.2.9.6.1.3 and 3404.2.9.6.1.4.
- For protected above-ground tanks in accordance with Section 3404.2.9.7 and tanks in at-grade or above-grade vaults in accordance with Section 3404.2.8, the distance in Table 22.4.1.1(b) of NFPA 30 shall apply and shall be reduced by one-half, but not to less than 5 feet (1524 mm).
3404.2.9.6.1.2 Location of tanks with pressures exceeding 2.5 psig. Above-ground tanks for the storage of Class I, II or IIIA liquids operating at pressures exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) or equipped with emergency venting allowing presures to exceed 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) shall be located in accordance with Table 22.4.1.3 of NFPA 30.
Exception: Liquids with boilover characteristics and unstable liquids in accordance with Sections 3404.2.9.6.1.4 and 3404.2.9.6.1.5.
3404.2.9.6.1.3 Location of tanks storing boil-over liquids. Above-ground tanks for storage of liquids with boilover characteristics shall be located in accordance with Table 22.4.1.4 of NFPA 30.
4313404.2.9.6.1.4 Location of tanks storing unstable liquids. Above-ground tanks for the storage of unstable liquids shall be located in accordance with Table 22.4.1.5 of NFPA 30.
3404.2.9.6.1.5 Location of tanks storing Class IIIB liquids. Above-ground tanks for the storage of Class IIIB liquids, excluding unstable liquids, shall be located in accordance with Table 22.4.1.6 of NFPA 30, except when located within a diked area or drainage path for a tank or tanks storing Class I or II liquids. Where a Class IIIB liquid storage tank is within the diked area or drainage path for a Class I or II liquid, distances required by Section 3404.2.9.6.1.1 shall apply.
3404.2.9.6.1.6 Reduction of separation distances to adjacent property.Where two tank properties of diverse ownership have a common boundary, the fire code official is authorized to, with the written consent of teh ownersof the two properties, apply the distances in Sections 3404.2.9.6.1.2 through 3404.2.9.6.1.5 assuming a single property.
3404.2.9.6.2 Separation between adjacent stable or unstable liquid tanks. The separation between tanks containing stable liquids shall be in accordance with Table 22.4.2.1 of NFPA 30. Where tanks are in a diked area containing Class I or II liquids, or in the drainage path of Class I or II liquids, and are compacted in three or more rows or in an irregular pattern, the fire code official is authorized to require greater separation than specified in Table 22.4.2.1 of NFPA 30 or other means to make tanks in the interior of the pattern accessible for fire-fighting purposes.
Exception: Tanks used for storing Class IIIB liquids are allowed to be spaced 3 feet (914 mm) apart unless within a diked area or drainage path for a tank storing Class I or II liquids.
The separation between tanks containing unstable liquids shall not be less than one-half the sum of their diameters.
3404.2.9.6.3 Separation between adjacent tanks containing flammable or combustible liquids and LP-gas. The minimum horizontal separation between and LP-gas container and a Class I, II or IIIA liquid storage tank shall be 20 feet (6096 mm) except in the case of Class I, II or IIIA liquids tanks operating at pressures exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) or equipped with emergency venting allowing pressures to exceed 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa), in which case the provisions of Section 3404.2.9.6.2 shall apply.
An approved means shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of Class I, II or IIIA liquids under adjacent LP-gas containers such as by dikes, diversion curbs or grading. When flammable or combustible liquid storage tanks are within a diked area, the LP-gas containers shall be outside the diked area and at least 10 feet (3048 mm) away from the centerline of the wall of the diked area.
Exceptions:
- Liquefied petroleum gas containers of 125 gallons (473 L) or less in capacity installed adjacent to fuel-oil supply tanks of 660 gallons (2498 L) or less in capacity.
- Horizontal separation is not required between above-ground LP-gas containers and underground flammable and combustible liquid tanks.
3404.2.9.7 Additional requirements for protected above-ground tanks. In addition to the requirements of this chapter for above-ground tanks, the installation of protected above-ground tanks shall be in accordance with Sections3404.2.9.7.1 through 3404.2.9.7.10.
3404.2.9.7.1 Tank construction. The construction of a protected above-ground tank and its primary tank shall be in accordance with Section 3404.2.7.
3404.2.9.7.2 Normal and emergency venting. Normal and emergency venting for protected above-ground tanks shall be provided in accordance with Section 3404.2.7.3 and 3404.2.7.4. The vent capacity reduction factor shall not be allowed.
3404.2.9.7.3 Flame arresters. Approved flame arresters or pressure vacuum breather valves shall be installed in normal vents.
3404.2.9.7.4 Secondary containment. Protected above-ground tanks shall be provided with secondary containment, drainage control or diking in accordance with Section 2704.2. A means shall be provided to establish the integrity of the secondary containment in accordance with NFPA 30.
3404.2.9.7.5 Vehicle impact protection. Where protected above-ground tanks, piping, electrical conduit or dispensers are subject to vehicular impact, they shall be protected therefrom, either by having the impact protection incorporated into the system design in compliance with the impact test protocol of UL 2085, or by meeting the provisions of Section 312, or where necessary, a combination of both. Where guard posts or other approved barriers are provided, they shall be independent of each above-ground tank.
3404.2.9.7.6 Overfill prevention. Protected above-ground tanks shall not be filled in excess of 95 percent of their capacity. An overfill prevention system shall be provided for each tank. During tank-filling operations, the system shall comply with one of the following:
3404.2.9.7.6.1 Information signs. A permanent sign shall be provided at the fill point for the tank, documenting the filling procedure and the tank calibration chart.
Exception: Where climatic conditions are such that the sign may be obscured by ice or snow, or weathered beyond readability or otherwise impaired, said procedures and chart shall be located in the office window, lock box or other area accessible to the person filling the tank.
3404.2.9.7.6.2 Determination of available tank capacity. The filling procedure shall require the person filling the tank to determine the gallonage (literage) required to fill it to 90 percent of capacity before commencing the fill operation.
3404.2.9.7.7 Fill pipe connections. The fill pipe shall be provided with a means for making a direct connection to the tank vehicle’s fuel delivery hose so that the delivery of fuel is not exposed to the open air during the filling operation. Where any portion of the fill pipe exterior to the tank extends below the level of the top of the tank, a check valve shall be installed in the fill pipe not more than 12 inches (305 mm) from the fill hose connection.
3404.2.9.7.8 Spill containers. A spill container having a capacity of not less than 5 gallons (19 L) shall be provided for each fill connection. For tanks with a top fill connection, spill containers shall be noncombustible and shall be fixed to the tank and equipped with a manual drain valve that drains into the primary tank. For tanks with a remote fill connection, a portable spill container shall be allowed.
3404.2.9.7.9 Tank openings. Tank openings in protected above-ground tanks shall be through the top only.
3404.2.9.7.10 Antisiphon devices. Approved antisiphon devices shall be installed in each external pipe connected to the protected above-ground tank when the pipe extends below the level of the top of the tank.
3404.2.10 Drainage and diking. The area surrounding a tank or group of tanks shall be provided with drainage control or shall be diked to prevent accidental discharge of liquid from endangering adjacent tanks, adjoining property or reaching waterways.
Exceptions:
- The fire code official is authorized to alter or waive these requirements based on a technical report which demonstrates that such tank or group of tanks does not constitute a hazard to other tanks, waterways or adjoining property, after consideration of special features such as topographical conditions, nature of occupancy and proximity to buildings on the same or adjacent property, capacity, and construction of proposed tanks and character of liquids to be stored, and nature and quantity of private and public fire protection provided.
- Drainage control and diking is not required for listed secondary containment tanks.
3404.2.10.1 Volumetric capacity. The volumetric capacity of the diked area shall not be less than the greatest amount of liquid that can be released from the largest tank within the diked area. The capacity of the diked area enclosing more than one tank shall be calculated by deducting the volume of the tanks other than the largest tank below the height of the dike.
3404.2.10.2 Diked areas containing two or more tanks. Diked areas containing two or more tanks shall be subdivided in accordance with NFPA 30.
3404.2.10.3 Protection of piping from exposure fires. Piping shall not pass through adjacent diked areas or impounding basins, unless provided with a sealed sleeve or otherwise protected from exposure to fire.
3404.2.10.4 Combustible materials in diked areas. Diked areas shall be kept free from combustible materials, drums and barrels.
3404.2.10.5 Equipment, controls and piping in diked areas. Pumps, manifolds and fire protection equipment or controls shall not be located within diked areas or drainage basins or in a location where such equipment and controls would be endangered by fire in the diked area or drainage basin. Piping above ground shall be minimized and located as close as practical to the shell of the tank in diked areas or drainage basins.
Exceptions:
- Pumps, manifolds and piping integral to the tanks or equipment being served which is protected by intermediate diking, berms, drainage or fire protection such as water spray, monitors or resistive coating.
- Fire protection equipment or controls which are appurtenances to the tanks or equipment being protected, such as foam chambers or foam piping and water or foam monitors and hydrants, or hand and wheeled extinguishers.
3404.2.11 Underground tanks. Underground storage of flammable and combustible liquids in tanks shall comply with Section 3404.2 and Sections 3404.2.11.1 through 3404.2.11.5.2.
3404.2.11.1 Contents. Underground tanks shall not contain petroleum products containing mixtures of a nonpetroleum nature, such as ethanol or methanol blends, without evidence of compatibility.
3404.2.11.2 Location. Flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks located underground, either outside or under buildings, shall be in accordance with all of the following:
3404.2.11.3 Depth and cover. Excavation for underground storage tanks shall be made with due care to avoid undermining of foundations of existing structures. Underground tanks shall be set on firm foundations and surrounded with at least 6 inches (152 mm) of noncorrosive inert material, such as clean sand.
3404.2.11.4 Overfill protection and prevention systems. Fill pipes shall be equipped with a spill container and an overfill prevention system in accordance with NFPA 30.
3404.2.11.5 Leak prevention. Leak prevention for underground tanks shall comply with Sections 3404.2.11.5.1 and 3404.2.11.5.2.
3404.2.11.5.1 Inventory control. Daily inventory records shall be maintained for underground storage tank systems.
3404.2.11.5.2 Leak detection. Underground storage tank systems shall be provided with an approved method of leak detection from any component of the system that is designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 30.
3404.2.12 Testing. Tank testing shall comply with Sections 3404.2.12.1 and 3404.2.12.2.
3404.2.12.1 Acceptance testing. Prior to being placed into service, tanks shall be tested in accordance with Section 21.5 of NFPA 30.
3404.2.12.2 Testing of underground tanks. Before being covered or placed in use, tanks and piping connected to underground tanks shall be tested for tightness in the presence of the fire code official. Piping shall be tested in accordance with Section 3403.6.3. The system shall not be covered until it has been approved.
3404.2.13 Abandonment and status of tanks. Tanks taken out of service shall be removed in accordance with Section 3404.2.14, or safeguarded in accordance with Sections 3404.2.13.1 through 3404.2.13.2.3 and API 1604.
3404.2.13.1 Underground tanks. Underground tanks taken out of service shall comply with Sections 3404.2.13.1.1 through 3404.2.13.1.5.
3404.2.13.1.1 Temporarily out of service. Underground tanks temporarily out of service shall have the fill line, gauge opening, vapor return and pump connection secure against tempering. Vent lines shall remain open and be maintained in accordance with Section 3404.2.7.3 and 3404.2.7.4.
3404.2.13.1.2 Out of service for 90 days. Underground tanks not used for a period of 90 days shall be safeguarded in accordance with all the following or be removed in accordance with Section 3404.2.14:
3404.2.13.1.3 Out of service for one year. Underground tanks shall that have been out of service for a period of one year shall be removed from the ground in accordance with Section 3404.2.14 or abandoned in place in accordance with Section 3404.2.13.1.4.
3404.2.13.1.4 Tanks abandoned in place. Tanks abandoned in place shall be as follows:
3404.2.13.1.5 Reinstallation of underground tanks. Tanks which are to be reinstalled for flammable or combustible liquid service shall be in accordance with this chapter, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (Section VIII), API 12-P, API 1615, UL 58 and UL 1316.
3404.2.13.2 Above-ground tanks. Above-ground tanks taken out of service shall comply with Sections 3404.2.13.2.1 through 3404.2.13.2.3.
3404.2.13.2.1 Temporarily out of service. Above-ground tanks temporarily out of service shall have all
434connecting lines isolated from the tank and be secured against tampering.
Exception: In-place fire protection (foam) system lines.
3404.2.13.2.2 Out of service for 90 days. Aboveground tanks not used for a period of 90 days shall be safeguarded in accordance with Section 3404.2.13.1.2 or removed in accordance with Section 3404.2.14.
Exceptions:
- Tanks and containers connected to oil burners that are not in use during the warm season of the year or are used as a backup heating system to gas.
- In-place, active fire protection (foam) system lines.
3404.2.13.2.3 Out of service for one year. Above-ground tanks that have been out of service for a period of one year shall be removed in accordance with Section 3404.2.14.
Exception: Tanks within operating facilities.
3404.2.14 Removal and disposal of tanks. Removal and disposal of tanks shall comply with Sections 3404.2.14.1 and 3404.2.14.2.
3404.2.14.1 Removal. Removal of above-ground and underground tanks shall be in accordance with all of the following:
Exception: Piping is allowed to be abandoned in place where the fire code official determines that removal is not practical. Abandoned piping shall be capped and safeguarded as required by the fire code official.
Exception: Piping associated with bulk plants, terminal facilities and refineries.
3404.2.14.2 Disposal. Tanks shall be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local regulations.
3404.2.15 Maintenance. Above-ground tanks, connected piping and ancillary equipment shall be maintained in a safe operating condition. Tanks shall be maintained in accordance with their listings. Damage to above-ground tanks, connected piping or ancillary equipment shall be repaired using materials having equal or greater strength and fire resistance or the equipment shall be replaced or taken out of service.
3404.3 Container and portable tank storage. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in closed containers that do not exceed 60 gallons (227 L) in individual capacity and portable tanks that do not exceed 660 gallons (2498 L) in individual capacity, and limited transfers incidental thereto, shall comply with Sections 3404.3.1 through 3404.3.8.5.
3404.3.1 Design, construction and capacity of containers and portable tanks. The design, construction and capacity of containers for the storage of Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be in accordance with this section and Section 9.4 of NFPA 30.
3404.3.2 Liquid storage cabinets. Where other sections of this code require that liquid containers be stored in storage cabinets, such cabinets and storage shall be in accordance with Sections 3404.3.2.1 through 3404.3.2.2.
3404.3.2.1 Design and construction of storage cabinets. Design and construction of liquid storage cabinets shall be in accordance with Sections 3404.3.2.1.1 through 3404.3.2.1.4.
3404.3.2.1.1 Materials. Cabinets shall be listed in accordance with UL 1275, or constructed of approved wood or metal in accordance with the following:
3404.3.2.1.2 Labeling. Cabinets shall be provided with a conspicuous label in red letters on contrasting background which reads: FLAMMABLE—KEEP FIRE AWAY.
3404.3.2.1.3 Doors. Doors shall be well fitted, self-closing and equipped with a three-point latch.
3404.3.2.1.4 Bottom. The bottom of the cabinet shall be liquid tight to a height of at least 2 inches (51 mm).
3404.3.2.2 Capacity. The combined total quantity of liquids in a cabinet shall not exceed 120 gallons (454 L).
3404.3.3 Indoor storage. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids inside buildings in containers and portable tanks shall be in accordance with Sections 3404.3.3.1 through 3404.3.3.10.
Exceptions:
- Liquids in the fuel tanks of motor vehicles, aircraft, boats or portable or stationary engines.
- The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or casks.
3404.3.3.1 Portable fire extinguishers. Approved portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with specific sections of this chapter and Section 906.
3404.3.3.2 Incompatible materials. Materials that will react with water or other liquids to produce a hazard shall not be stored in the same room with flammable and combustible liquids in accordance with Section 2703.9.8.
3404.3.3.3 Clear means of egress. Storage of any liquids, including stock for sale, shall not be stored near or be allowed to obstruct physically the route of egress.
3404.3.3.4 Empty containers or portable tank storage. The storage of empty tanks and containers previously used for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids, unless free from explosive vapors, shall be stored as required for filled containers and portable tanks. Portable tanks and containers, when emptied, shall have the covers or plugs immediately replaced in openings.
3404.3.3.5 Shelf storage. Shelving shall be of approved construction, adequately braced and anchored. Seismic requirements shall be in accordance with the California Building Code.
3404.3.3.5.1 Use of wood. Wood of at least 1 inch (25 mm) nominal thickness is allowed to be used as shelving, racks, dunnage, suffboards, floor overlay and similar installations.
3404.3.3.5.2 Displacement protection. Shelves shall be of sufficient depth and provided with a lip or guard to prevent individual containers from being displaced.
Exception: Shelves in storage cabinets or on laboratory furniture specifically designed for such use.
3404.3.3.5.3 Orderly storage. Shelf storage of flammable and Combustible liquids shall be maintained in an orderly manner.
3404.3.3.6 Rack storage. Where storage on racks is allowed elsewhere in this code, a minimum 4-foot-wide (1219 mm) aisle shall be provided between adjacent rack sections and any adjacent storage of liquids. Main aisles shall be a minimum of 8 feet (2438 mm) wide.
3404.3.3.7 Pile or palletized storage. Solid pile and palletized storage in liquid warehouses shall be arranged so that piles are separated from each other by at least 4 feet (1219 mm). Aisles shall be provided and arranged so that no container or portable tank is more than 20 feet (6096 mm) from an aisle. Main aisles shall be a minimum of 8 feet (2438 mm) wide.
3404.3.3.8 Limited combustible storage. Limited quantities of combustible commodities are allowed to be stored in liquid storage areas where the ordinary combustibles, other than those used for packaging the liquids, are separated from the liquids in storage by a minimum of 8 feet (2438 mm) horizontally, either by open aisles or by open racks, and where protection is provided in accordance with Chapter 9.
3404.3.3.9 Idle combustible pallets. Storage of empty or idle combustible pallets inside an unprotected liquid storage area shall be limited to a maximum pile size of 2,500 square feet (232 m2) and to a maximum storage height of 6 feet (1829 mm). Storage of empty or idle combustible pallets inside a protected liquid storage area shall comply with NFPA 13. Pallet storage shall be separated from liquid storage by aisles that are at least 8 feet (2438 mm) wide.
TYPE OF LIQUID | MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA (gallons) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Sprinkleredb per footnote densities and arrangements | Sprinklered per Tables 3404.3.6.3(4) through 3404.3.6.3(8) and Table 3404.3.7.5.1 | Non sprinklered | |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. | |||
a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier wall. | |||
b. To be considered as sprinklered, a building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinklers system with a design providing minimum densities as follows: | |||
1. For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those allowed with a minimum sprinkler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2. | |||
2. For cartoned, palletized or racked commodities where storage is 4 feet 6 inches or less in height and where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those allowed with a minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 gallon per minute per square foot over the most remote 1,500-square-foot area. | |||
c. Where wholesale and retail sales or storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities are allowed to be increased by 2 percent for each 1,000 square feet of area in excess of 50,000 square feet, up to a maximum of 100 percent of the table amounts. A control area separation is not required. The cumulative amounts, including amounts attained by having an additional control area, shall not exceed 30,000 gallons. | |||
Class IA | 60 | 60 | 30 |
Class IB, IC, II and IIIA | 7,500c | 15,000c | 1,600 |
Class IIIB | Unlimited | Unlimited | 13,200 |
3404.3.3.10 Containers in piles. Containers in piles shall be stacked in such a manner as to provide stability and to prevent excessive stress on container walls. Portable tanks stored more than one tier high shall be designed to nest securely, without dunnage. Material-handling equipment shall be suitable to handle containers and tanks safely at the upper tier level.
3404.3.4 Quantity limits for storage. Liquid storage quantity limitations shall comply with Sections 3404.3.4.1 through 3404.3.4.4.
3404.3.4.1 Maximum allowable quantity per control area. For occupancies other than Group M wholesale and retail sales uses, indoor storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) and shall not exceed the additional limitations set forth in this section.
For Group M occupancy wholesale and retail sales uses, indoor storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area indicated in Table 3404.3.4.1.
Storage of hazardous production material flammable and combustible liquids in Group H-5 occupancies shall be in accordance with Chapter 18.
3404.3.4.2 Occupancy quantity limits. The following limits for quantities of stored flammable or combustible liquids shall not be exceeded:
3404.3.4.3 Quantities exceeding limits for control areas. Quantities exceeding those allowed in control areas set forth in Section 3404.3.4.1 shall be in liquid storage rooms or liquid storage warehouses in accordance with Sections 3404.3.7 and 3404.3.8.
3404.3.4.4 Liquids for maintenance and operation of equipment. In all occupancies, quantities of flammable and combustible liquids in excess of 10 gallons (38 L) used for maintenance purposes and the operation of equipment shall be stored in liquid storage cabinets in accordance with Section 3404.3.2. Quantities not exceeding 10 gallons (38 L) are allowed to be stored outside of a cabinet when in approved containers located in private garages or other approved locations.
3404.3.5 Storage in control areas. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in control areas shall be in accordance with Sections 3404.3.5.1 through 3404.3.5.4.
3404.3.5.1 Basement storage. Class I liquids shall be allowed to be stored in basements in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area for use-open systems in Table 2703.1.1 (1), provided that automatic suppression and other fire protection are provided in accordance with Chapter 9. Class II and IIIA liquids shall also be allowed to be stored in basements, provided that automatic suppression and other fire protection are provided in accordance with Chapter 9.
3404.3.5.2 Storage pile heights. Containers having less than a 30-gallon (114 L) capacity which contain Class I or II liquids shall not be stacked more than 3 feet (914.4 mm) or two containers high, whichever is greater, unless stacked on fixed shelving or otherwise satisfactorily secured. Containers of Class I or II liquids having a capacity of 30 gallons (114 L) or more shall not be stored more than one container high. Containers shall be stored in an upright position.
3404.3.5.3 Storage distance from ceilings and roofs. Piles of containers or portable tanks shall not be stored
437closer than 3 feet (914 mm) to the nearest beam, chord, girder or other obstruction, and shall be 3 feet (914 mm) below sprinkler deflectors or discharge orifices of water spray or other overhead fire protection system.
3404.3.5.4 Combustible materials. In areas that are inaccessible to the public, Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall not be stored in the same pile or rack section as ordinary combustible commodities unless such materials are packaged together as kits.
3404.3.6 Wholesale and retail sales uses. Flammable and combustible liquids in Group M occupancy wholesale and retail sales uses shall be in accordance with Sections 3404.3.6.1 through 3404.3.6.5, or Sections 10.10.2, 12.3.8, 16.4, Tables 16.5.2.1 through 16.5.2.6 and Figures 16.4.1(a) through (c) of NFPA 30.
3404.3.6.1 Container type. Containers for Class I liquids shall be metal.
Exception: In sprinklered buildings, an aggregate quantity of 120 gallons (454 L) of water-miscible Class IB and Class IC liquids is allowed in nonmetallic containers, each having a capacity of 16 ounces (0.473 L) or less.
3404.3.6.2 Container capacity. Containers for Class I liquids shall not exceed a capacity of 5 gallons (19 L).
Exception: Metal containers not exceeding 55 gallons (208 L) are allowed to store up to 240 gallons (908 L) of the maximum allowable quantity per control area of Class IB and IC liquids in a control area. The building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Table 3404.3.4.1. The containers shall be provided with plastic caps without cap seals and shall be stored upright. Containers shall not be stacked or stored in racks and shall not be located in areas accessible to the public.
3404.3.6.3 Fire protection and storage arrangements. Fire protection and container storage arrangements shall be in accordance with Table 3404.3.6.3(1) or the following:
Combustible commodities shall not be stored above flammable and combustible liquids.
3404.3.6.4 Warning for containers. All cans, containers and vessels containing flammable liquids or flammable liquid compounds or mixtures offered for sale shall be provided with a warning indicator, painted or printed on the container and stating that the liquid is flammable, and shall be kept away from heat and an open flame.
3404.3.6.5 Storage plan. When required by fire the code official, aisle and storage plans shall be submitted in accordance with Chapter 27.
3404.3.7 Liquid storage rooms. Liquid storage rooms shall comply with Sections 3404.3.7.1 through 3404.3.7.5.2.
TYPE OF LIQUID | NONSPRINKLERED AREA (feet) | SPRINKLERED AREAa (feet) | SPRINKLERED WITH IN-RACK PROTECTION a, b (feet) |
---|---|---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | |||
a. In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage height permitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater. NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks. | |||
b. In-rack protection shall be in accordance with Table 3404.3.6.3(5), 3404.3.6.3(6) or 3404.3.6.3(7). | |||
Flammable liquids: | |||
Class IA | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Class IB | 4 | 8 | 12 |
Class IC | 4 | 8 | 12 |
Combustible liquids: | |||
Class II | 6 | 8 | 12 |
Class IIIA | 6 | 8 | 16 |
Class IIIB | 8 | 12 | 20 |
CLASS | STORAGE LEVEL | MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT | MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER PILE (gallons) | MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER ROOMa (gallons) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drums | Containersb (feet) | Portable tanksb (feet) | Containers | Portable tanks | Containers | Portable tanks | ||
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. | ||||||||
a. See Section 3404.3.8.1 for unlimited quantities in liquid storage warehouses. | ||||||||
b. In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage height permitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater, NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks. | ||||||||
c. These height limitations are allowed to be increased to 10 feet for containers having a capacity of 5 gallons or less. | ||||||||
d. For palletized storage of unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) in relieving-style metal containers with 50 percent or less by weight Class IC or II liquid and no Class IA or IB liquid, height and pile quantity limits shall be permitted to be 10 feet and 15,000 gallons, respectively, provided that such storage is protected by sprinklers in accordance with NFPA 30 and that the UPR storage area is not located in the same containment area or drainage path for other Class 1 or II liquids. | ||||||||
IA | Ground floor | 1 | 5 | Not Allowed | 3,000 | Not Allowed | 12,000 | Not Allowed |
Upper floors | 1 | 5 | Not Allowed | 2,000 | Not Allowed | 8,000 | Not Allowed | |
Basements | 0 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | |
IB | Ground floor | 1 | 6.5 | 7 | 5,000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 40,000 |
Upper floors | 1 | 6.5 | 7 | 3,000 | 10,000 | 12,000 | 20,000 | |
Basements | 0 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | |
IC | Ground floord | 1 | 6.5c | 7 | 5,000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 40,000 |
Upper floors | 1 | 6.5c | 7 | 3,000 | 10,000 | 12,000 | 20,000 | |
Basements | 0 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | |
II | Ground floord | 3 | 10 | 14 | 10,000 | 40,000 | 25,000 | 80,000 |
Upper floors | 3 | 10 | 14 | 10,000 | 40,000 | 25,000 | 80,000 | |
Basements | 1 | 5 | 7 | 7,500 | 20,000 | 7,500 | 20,000 | |
III | Ground floor | 5 | 20 | 14 | 15,000 | 60,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 |
Upper floors | 5 | 20 | 14 | 15,000 | 60,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 | |
Basements | 3 | 10 | 7 | 10,000 | 20,000 | 25,000 | 40,000 |
CLASS | TYPE RACK | STORAGE LEVEL | MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT (feet)b | MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER ROOMa (gallons) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Containers | Containers | |||
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. | ||||
a. See Section 3404.3.8.1 for unlimited quantities in liquid storage warehouses. | ||||
b. In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage height permitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater. NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks. | ||||
IA | Double row or Single row | Ground floor | 25 | 7,500 |
Upper floors | 15 | 4,500 | ||
Basements | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | ||
IB | Double row or Single row | Ground floor | 25 | 15,000 |
Upper floors | 15 | 9,000 | ||
Basements | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | ||
II | Double row or Single row | Ground floor | 25 | 24,000 |
Upper floors | 25 | 24,000 | ||
Basements | 15 | 9,000 | ||
III | Multirow | Ground floor | 40 | 48,000 |
Double row | Upper floors | 20 | 48,000 | |
Single row | Basements | 20 | 24,000 |
STORAGE CONDITIONS | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | MINIMUM HOSE STREAM DEMAND (gpm) | MINIMUM DURATION SPRINKLERS AND HOSE STREAMS (hours) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class liquid | Container size and arrangement | Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | Maximum spacing (square feet) | |||
High-temperature sprinklers | Ordinary temperature sprinklers | ||||||
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. | |||||||
a. The design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where Class I standpipe systems are used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. | |||||||
b. For storage heights above 4 feet or ceiling heights greater than 18 feet, an approved engineering design shall be provided in accordance with Section 104.7.2. | |||||||
IA | 5 gallons or less, with or without cartons, palletized or solid pileb |
0.30 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 | 750 | 2 |
Containers greater than 5 gallons, on end or side, palletized or solid pile | 0.60 | 5,000 | 8,000 | 80 | 750 | ||
IB, IC and II | 5 gallons or less, with or without cartons, palletized or solid pileb |
0.30 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 | 500 | 2 |
Containers greater than 5 gallons on pallets or solid pile, on high | 0.25 | 5,000 | 8,000 | 100 | |||
II | Containers greater than 5 gallons on pallets or solid pile, more than one high, on end or side | 0.60 | 5,000 | 8,000 | 80 | 750 | 2 |
IB, IC and II | Portable tanks, one high | 0.30 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 | 500 | 2 |
II | Portable tanks, two high | 0.60 | 5,000 | 8,000 | 80 | 750 | 2 |
III | 5 gallons or less, with or without cartons, palletized or solid pile |
0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 | 500 | 1 |
Containers greater than 5 gallons on pallets or solid pile, on end or sides, up to three high | 0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 | 500 | 1 | |
Containers greater than 5 gallons, on pallets or solid pile, on end or sides, up to 18 feet high | 0.35 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 | 750 | 2 | |
Portable tanks, one high | 0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 | 500 | 1 | |
Portable tanks, two high | 0.50 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 80 | 750 | 2 |
CLASS LIQUID | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND | MINIMUM HOSE STREAM DEMAND (gpm) | MINIMUM DURATION SPRINKLER AND HOSE STREAM (hours) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | Maximum spacing | Racks up to 9 feet deep | Racks more than 9 feet to 12 feet deep | 30 psi (standard orifice) | Number of sprinklers operating | ||||
High– temperature sprinklers | Ordinary temperature sprinklers | 14 psi (large orifice) | ||||||||
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m21 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2 | ||||||||||
The design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where Class I standpipe systems are used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. | ||||||||||
Using listed or approved extra-large orifices, high-temperature quick-response or standard element sprinklers under a maximum 30-foot ceiling with minimum 7.5-foot aisles. | ||||||||||
For friction lid cans and other metal containers equipped with plastic nozzles or caps, the density shall be increased to 0.65 gpm per square foot using listed or approved extra-large orifice, high-temperature quick-response sprinklers. | ||||||||||
Using listed or approved extra-large orifice, high-temperature quick-response or standard element sprinklers under a maximum 18-foot ceiling with minimum 7.5-foot aisles and metal containers. | ||||||||||
I (maximum 25–foot height) Option 1 | 0.40 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 80 ft2⁄head |
|
|
30 psi (0.5-inch orifice) |
|
750 | 2 |
I (maximum 25–foot height) Option 2 | 0.55 | 2,000b | Not Applicable | 100 ft2/head |
|
|
14 psi (0.53-inch orifice) | See 1 through 4 above | 500 | 2 |
I and II (maximum 14–foot storage height) (maximum three tiers) | 0.55c | 2,000b, d | Not Applicable | 100 ft2/head | Not Applicable None for maximum 6–foot–deep racks | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | 500 | 2 |
II (maximum 25–foot height) | 0.30 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 ft2/head |
|
|
30 psi | Hydraulically most remote—six sprinklers at each level, up to a maximum of three levels | 750 | 2 |
III (40-foot height) | 0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 ft2/head | Same as for Class II liquids | Same as for Class II liquids | 30 psi | Same as for Class II liquids | 500 | 2 |
CLASS LIQUID | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND | MINIMUM HOSE STREAM DEMAND (gpm) | MINIMUM DURATION SPRINKLER AND HOSE STREAM (hours) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | Maximum spacing | On-side storage racks up to 9-foot-deep racks |
On-end storage (on pallets) up to 9-foot-deep racks |
Minimum nozzle pressure |
Number of sprinklers operating | ||||
High-temperature sprinklers | Ordinary temperature sprinklers | |||||||||
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, I gallon = 3.785 L, I gallon per minute = 3.785 Lim, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 Llminlm2 | ||||||||||
a. The design assumes the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where a Class I standpipe system is used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. | ||||||||||
1A (maximum 25-foot height) | 0.60 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 80 ft2/head |
|
|
30 psi | Hydraulically most remote—six sprinklers at each level |
1,000 | 2 |
IB,IC and II (maximum 25-foot height) | 0.60 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 ft2⁄head |
|
|
30 psi | Hydraulically most remote—six sprinklers at each level | 750 | 2 |
III (maximum 40-foot height) | 0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 ft2⁄head |
|
|
15 psi | Hydraulically most remote—six sprinklers at each level | 500 | 1 |
CLASS LIQUID | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND | DURATION AFFF SUPPLY (minimum) | DURATION WATER SUPPLY (hours) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | On-end storage of drums on pallets, up to 25 feet | Minimum nozzle pressure (psi) | Number of sprinklers operating | Hose stream demandd (gpm) | ||||
High-temperature sprinklers | Ordinary temperature sprinklers | ||||||||
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m21 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2 | |||||||||
a. System shall be a closed-head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam. | |||||||||
b. Except as modified herein, in-rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13. | |||||||||
c. The height of storage shall not exceed 25 feet. | |||||||||
d. Hose stream demand includes 1½-inch inside hand hose, when required. | |||||||||
IA, IB, IC and II | 0.30 | 1,500 | 2,500 |
|
30 | Three sprinklers per level | 500 | 15 | 2 |
STORAGE HEIGHT | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND | MINIMUM HOSE STREAM DEMAND (gpm) | MINIMUM DURATION SPRINKLERS AND HOSE STREAM (hours) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | Maximum spacing | Racks up to 9 feet deep | Racks 9 to 12 feet | Minimum nozzle pressure | Number of sprinklers operating | ||||
High temperature | Ordinary temperature | |||||||||
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m21 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2 | ||||||||||
a. This table shall not apply to racks with solid shelves. | ||||||||||
b. Using extra-large orifice sprinklers under a ceiling 30 feet or less in height. Minimum aisle width is 7.5 feet. | ||||||||||
Maximum 20–foot storage height | 0.60 | 2,000b | Not Applicable | 100 ft2 |
|
Not Applicable | 30 psi (standard orifice) or 14 psi (large orifice) |
|
500 | 2 |
3404.3.7.2 Quantities and arrangement of storage. The quantity limits and storage arrangements in liquid storage rooms shall be in accordance with Tables 3404.3.6.3(2) and 3404.3.6.3(3) and Sections 3404.3.7.2.1 through 3404.3.7.2.3.
3404.3.7.2.1 Mixed storage. Where two or more classes of liquids are stored in a pile or rack section:
3404.3.7.2.2 Separation and aisles. Piles shall be separated from each other by at least 4-foot (1219 mm) aisles. Aisles shall be provided so that all containers are 20 feet (6096 mm) or less from an aisle. Where the storage of liquids is on racks, a minimum 4-foot-wide (1219 mm) aisle shall be provided between adjacent rows of racks and adjacent storage of liquids. Main aisles shall be a minimum of 8 feet (2438 mm) wide.
Additional aisles shall be provided for access to doors, required windows and ventilation openings, standpipe connections, mechanical equipment and switches. Such aisles shall be at least 3 feet (914 mm) in width, unless greater widths are required for separation of piles or racks, in which case the greater width shall be provided.
3404.3.7.2.3 Stabilizing and supports.Containers and piles shall be separated by pallets or dunnage to provide stability and to prevent excessive stress to container walls. Portable tanks stored over one tier shall be designed to nest securely without dunnage.
Requirements for portable tank design shall be in accordance with Chapters 9 and 12 of NFPA 30. Shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor overlay and similar installations shall be of noncombustible construction or of wood not less than a 1-inch (25 mm) nominal thickness. Adequate material-handling equipment shall be available to handle tanks safely at upper tier levels.
3404.3.7.3 Spill control and secondary containment.Liquid storage rooms shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Section 2704.2.
3404.3.7.4 Ventilation.Liquid storage rooms shall be ventilated in accordance with Section 2704.3.
3404.3.7.5 Fire protection.Fire protection for liquid storage rooms shall comply with Sections 3404.3.7.5.1 and 3404.3.7.5.2.
3404.3.7.5.1 Fire-extinguishing systems. Liquid storage rooms shall be protected by automatic sprinkler systemsinstalled in accordance with Chapter 9 and Tables 3404.3.6.3(4) through 3404.3.6.3(7) and Table 3404.3.7.5.1. In-rack sprinklers shall also comply with NFPA 13.
Automatic foam-water systems and automatic aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) water sprinkler systems shall not be used except when approved.
Protection criteria developed from fire modeling or full-scale fire testing conducted at an approvedtesting laboratory are allowed in lieu of the protection as shown in Tables 3404.3.6.3(2) through 3404.3.6.3(7) and Table 3404.3.7.5.1 when approved.
3404.3.7.5.2 Portable fire extinguishers.A minimum of one approvedportable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 and having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) or more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from any Class I or II liquid storage area located outside of a liquid storage room.
A minimum of one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located outside of, but not more than 10 feet (3048 mm) from, the door opening into a liquid storage room.
PACKAGE TYPE | CLASS LIQUID | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | STORAGE HEIGHT(feet) | HOSE DEMAND (gpm)c | DURATION AFFF SUPPLY (minimum) | DURATION WATER SUPPLY (hours) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | Temperature rating | Maximum spacing | Orifice size (inch) | ||||||
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2°C. = [(°F)-32]/1.8. |
||||||||||
System shall be a closed-head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam. | ||||||||||
Maximum ceiling height of 30 feet. | ||||||||||
Hose stream demand includes 1½-inch inside hand hose, when required. | ||||||||||
Cartoned | IB, IC, II and III | 0.40 | 2,000 | 286°F | 100 ft2/head | 0.531 | 11 | 500 | 15 | 2 |
Uncartoned | IB, IC, II and III | 0.30 | 2,000 | 286°F | 100 ft2/head | 0.5 or 0.531 | 12 | 500 | 15 | 2 |
3404.3.8 Liquid storage warehouses. Buildings used for storage of flammable or combustible liquids in quantities exceeding those set forth in Section 3404.3.4 for control areas and Section 3404.3.7 for liquid storage rooms shall comply with Sections 3404.3.8.1 through 3404.3.8.5 and shall be constructed and separated as required by the California Building Code.
3404.3.8.1 Quantities and storage arrangement. The total quantities of liquids in a liquid storage warehouse shall not be limited. The arrangement of storage shall be in accordance with Table 3404.3.6.3(2) or 3404.3.6.3(3).
3404.3.8.1.1 Mixed storage. Mixed storage shall be in accordance with Section 3404.3.7.2.1.
3404.3.8.1.2 Separation and aisles. Separation and aisles shall be in accordance with Section 3404.3.7.2.2.
3404.3.8.2 Spill control and secondary containment. Liquid storage warehouses shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment as set forth in Section 2704.2.
3404.3.8.3 Ventilation. Liquid storage warehouses storing containers greater than 5 gallons (19 L) in capacity shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than 0.25 cfm/square foot (0.075 m3/min per m2) of floor area over the storage area.
3404.3.8.4 Fire-extinguishing systems. Liquid storage warehouses shall be protected by automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with Chapter 9 and Tables 3404.3.6.3(4) through 3404.3.6.3(7) and Table 3404.3.7.5.1, or Section 16.4 and Tables 16.5.2.1 through 16.5.2.6 of NFPA 30. In-rack sprinklers shall also comply with NFPA 13.
Automatic foam-water systems and automatic AFFF water sprinkler systems shall not be used except when approved.
Protection criteria developed from fire modeling or full-scale fire testing conducted at an approved testing laboratory are allowed in lieu of the protection as shown in Tables 3404.3.6.3(2) through 3404.3.6.3(7) and Table 3404.3.7.5.1 when approved.
3404.3.8.5 Warehouse hose lines. In liquid storage warehouses, either 1½-inch (38 mm) lined or 1-inch (25 mm) hard rubber hand hose lines shall be provided in sufficient number to reach all liquid storage areas and shall be in accordance with Section 903 or Section 905.
3404.4 Outdoor storage of containers and portable tanks. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in closed containers and portable tanks outside of buildings shall be in accordance with Section 3403 and Sections 3404.4.1 through 3404.4.8. Capacity limits for containers and portable tanks shall be in accordance with Section 3404.3.
3404.4.1 Plans. Storage shall be in accordance with approved plans.
3404.4.2 Location on property. Outdoor storage of liquids in containers and portable tanks shall be in accordance with Table 3404.4.2. Storage of liquids near buildings located on the same property shall be in accordance with this section.
3404.4.2.1 Mixed liquid piles. Where two or more classes of liquids are stored in a single pile, the quantity in the pile shall not exceed the smallest of maximum quantities for the classes of material stored.
3404.4.2.2 Access. Storage of containers or portable tanks shall be provided with fire apparatus access roads in accordance with Chapter 5.
3404.4.2.3 Security. The storage area shall be protected against tampering or trespassers where necessary and shall be kept free from weeds, debris and other combustible materials not necessary to the storage.
3404.4.2.4 Storage adjacent to buildings. A maximum of 1,100 gallons (4163 L) of liquids stored in closed containers and portable tanks is allowed adjacent to a building located on the same premises and under the same management, provided that:
CLASS OF LIQUID | CONTAINER STORAGE—MAXIMUM PER PILE | PORTABLE TANK STORAGE —MAXIMUM PER PILE | MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN PILES OR RACKS (feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE TO LOT LINE OF PROPERTY THAT CAN BE BUILT UPONcd (feet) |
MINIMUM DISTANCE TO PUBLIC STREET, PUBLIC ALLEY OR PUBLIC WAYd (feet) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quantityab (gallons) | Height (feet) | Quantityab (gallons) | Height (feet) | ||||
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon 3.785 L. | |||||||
a. For mixed class storage, see Section 3404.4.2. | |||||||
b. For storage in racks, the quantity limits per pile do not apply, but the rack arrangement shall be limited to a maximum of 50 feet in length and two rows or 9 feet in depth. | |||||||
c. If protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams is not available, the distance shall be doubled. | |||||||
d. When the total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of the maximum allowed per pile, the distance are allowed to be reduced 50 percent, but not less than 3 feet. | |||||||
IA | 1,100 | 10 | 2,200 | 7 | 5 | 50 | 10 |
IB | 2,200 | 12 | 4,400 | 14 | 5 | 50 | 10 |
IC | 4,400 | 12 | 8,800 | 14 | 5 | 50 | 10 |
II | 8,800 | 12 | 17,600 | 14 | 5 | 25 | 5 |
III | 22,000 | 18 | 44,000 | 14 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
noncombustible construction and shall be used principally for the storage of liquids; or
The quantity of liquids stored adjacent to a building protected in accordance with Item 2 is allowed to exceed 1,100 gallons (4163 L), provided that the maximum quantity per pile does not exceed 1,100 gallons (4163 L) and each pile is separated by a 10-foot-minimum (3048 mm) clear space along the common wall.
Where the quantity stored exceeds 1,100 gallons (4163 L) adjacent to a building complying with Item 1, or the provisions of Item 1 cannot be met, a minimum distance in accordance with Table 3404.4.2, column 7 (“Minimum Distance to Lot Line of Property That Can Be Built Upon”) shall be maintained between buildings and the nearest container or portable tank.
3404.4.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Storage areas shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Section 3403.4.
Exception: Containers stored on approved containment pallets in accordance with Section 2704.2.3 and containers stored in cabinets and lockers with integral spill containment.
3404.4.4 Security. Storage areas shall be protected against tampering or trespassers by fencing or other approved control measures.
3404.4.5 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other means shall be provided to protect exterior storage tanks from vehicular damage. When guard posts are installed, the posts shall be installed in accordance with Section 312.
3404.4.6 Clearance from combustibles. The storage area shall be kept free from weeds, debris and combustible materials not necessary to the storage. The area surrounding an exterior storage area shall be kept clear of such materials for a minimum distance of 15 feet (4572 mm).
3404.4.7 Weather protection. Weather protection for outdoor storage shall be in accordance with Section 2704.13.
3404.4.8 Empty containers and tank storage. The storage of empty tanks and containers previously used for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids, unless free from explosive vapors, shall be stored as required for filled containers and tanks. Tanks and containers when emptied shall have the covers or plugs immediately replaced in openings.
3405.1 Scope. Dispensing, use, mixing and handling of flammable liquids shall be in accordance with Section 3403 and this section. Tank vehicle and tank car loading and unloading and other special operations shall be in accordance with Section 3406.
Exception: Containers of organic coatings having no fire point and which are opened for pigmentation are not required to comply with this section.
3405.2 Liquid transfer. Liquid transfer equipment and methods for transfer of Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be approved and be in accordance with Sections 3405.2.1 through 3405.2.6.
3405.2.1 Pumps. Positive-displacement pumps shall be provided with pressure relief discharging back to the tank, pump suction or other approved location, or shall be provided with interlocks to prevent over-pressure.
3405.2.2 Pressured systems. Where gases are introduced to provide for transfer of Class I liquids, or Class II and III liquids transferred at temperatures at or above their flash points by pressure, only inert gases shall be used. Controls, including pressure relief devices, shall be provided to limit the pressure so that the maximum working pressure of tanks, containers and piping systems cannot be exceeded. Where devices operating through pressure within a tank or container are used, the tank or container shall be a pressure vessel approved for the intended use. Air or oxygen shall not be used for pressurization.
Exception: Air transfer of Class II and III liquids at temperatures below their flash points.
3405.2.3 Piping, hoses and valves. Piping, hoses and valves used in liquid transfer operations shall be approved or listed for the intended use.
3405.2.4 Class I, II and III liquids. Class I liquids or Class II and Class III liquids that are heated up to or above their flash points shall be transfered by one of the following methods:
Exception: Liquids in containers not exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity.
4463405.2.5 Manual container filling operations. Class I liquids or Class II and Class III liquids that are heated up to or above their flash points shall not be transferred into containers unless the nozzle and containers are electrically interconnected. Acceptable methods of electrical inter-connection include:
3405.2.6 Automatic container-filling operations for Class I liquids. Container-filling operations for Class I liquids involving conveyor belts or other automatic-feeding operations shall be designed to prevent static accumulations.
3405.3 Use, dispensing and mixing inside of buildings. Indoor use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Sections 3405.2 and 3405.3.1 through 3405.3.5.3.
3405.3.1 Closure of mixing or blending vessels. Vessels used for mixing or blending of Class I liquids and Class II or III liquids heated up to or above their flash points shall be provided with self-closing, tight-fitting, noncombustible lids that will control a fire within such vessel.
Exception: Where such devices are impractical, approved automatic or manually controlled fire-extinguishing devices shall be provided.
3405.3.2 Bonding of vessels. Where differences of potential could be created, vessels containing Class I liquids or liquids handled at or above their flash points shall be electrically connected by bond wires, ground cables, piping or similar means to a static grounding system to maintain equipment at the same electrical potential to prevent sparking.
3405.3.3 Heating, lighting and cooking appliances. Heating, lighting and cooking appliances which utilize Class I liquids shall not be operated within a building or structure.
Exception: Operation in single-family dwellings.
3405.3.4 Location of processing vessels. Processing vessels shall be located with respect to distances to lot lines of adjoining property which can be built on, in accordance with Tables 3405.3.4(1) and 3405.3.4(2).
Exception: Where the exterior wall facing the adjoining lot line is a blank wall having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 4 hours, the fire code official is authorized to modify the distances. The distance shall not be less than that set forth in the California Building Code, and when Class IA or unstable liquids are involved, explosion control shall be provided in accordance with Section 911.
PROCESSING VESSELS WITH EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING | LOCATIONa | |
---|---|---|
Stable liquids | Unstable liquids | |
For SI: 1 pound per square inch gauge = 6.895 kPa. | ||
a. Where protection of exposures by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures is not provided, distances shall be doubled. | ||
Not in excess of 2.5 psig | Table 3405.3.4(2) | 2.5 times Table 3405.3.4(2) |
Over 2.5 psig | 1.5 times Table 3405.3.4(2) | 4 times Table 3405.3.4(2) |
TANK CAPACITY (gallons) | MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM LOT LINE OF A LOT WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON, INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY (feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY (feet) |
---|---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. | ||
275 or less | 5 | 5 |
276 to 750 | 10 | 5 |
751 to 12,000 | 15 | 5 |
12,001 to 30,000 | 20 | 5 |
30,001 to 50,000 | 30 | 10 |
50,001 to 100,000 | 50 | 15 |
100,001 to 500,000 | 80 | 25 |
500,001 to 1,000,000 | 100 | 35 |
1,000,001 to 2,000,000 | 135 | 45 |
2,000,001 to 3,000,000 | 165 | 55 |
3,000,001 or more | 175 | 60 |
3405.3.5 Quantity limits for use. Liquid use quantity limitations shall comply with Sections 3405.3.5.1 through 3405.3.5.3.
3405.3.5.1 Maximum allowable quantity per control area. Indoor use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) and shall not exceed the additional limitations set forth in Section 3405.3.5.
Exception: Cleaning with Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be in accordance with Section 3405.3.6.
Use of hazardous production material flammable and combustible liquids in Group H-5 occupancies shall be in accordance with Chapter 18.
3405.3.5.2 Occupancy quantity limits. The following limits for quantities of flammable and combustible liquids used, dispensed or mixed based on occupancy classification shall not be exceeded:
Exception: Cleaning with Class I, II, or IIIA liquids shall be in accordance with Section 3405.3.6.
3405.3.5.3 Quantities exceeding limits for control areas. Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Sections 3405.3.5.1 and 3405.3.5.2 shall be in accordance with the following:
3405.3.6 Cleaning with flammable and combustible liquids. Cleaning with Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be in accordance with Sections 3405.3.6.1 through 3405.3.6.2.7.
Exceptions:
- Dry cleaning shall be in accordance with Chapter 12.
- Spray-nozzle cleaning shall be in accordance with Section 1503.3.5.
3405.3.6.1 Cleaning operations. Class IA liquids shall not be used for cleaning. Cleaning with Class IB, IC or II liquids shall be conducted as follows:
Exception: Materials used in commercial and industrial process-related cleaning operations in accordance with other provisions of this code and not involving facilities maintenance cleaning operations.
3405.3.6.2 Listed and approved machines. Parts cleaning and degreasing conducted in listed and approved machines in accordance with Section 3405.3.6.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 3405.3.6.2.1 through 3405.3.6.2.7.
3405.3.6.2.1 Solvents. Solvents shall be classified and shall be compatible with the machines within which they are used.
3405.3.6.2.2 Machine capacities. The quantity of solvent shall not exceed the listed design capacity of the machine for the solvent being used with the machine.
4483405.3.6.2.3 Solvent quantity limits. Solvent quantities shall be limited as follows:
3405.3.6.2.4 Immersion soaking of parts. Work areas of machines with remote solvent reservoirs shall not be used for immersion soaking of parts.
3405.3.6.2.5 Separation. Multiple machines shall be separated from each other by a distance of not less than 30 feet (9144 mm) or by a fire barrier with a minimum 1-hour fire-resistance rating.
3405.3.6.2.6 Ventilation. Machines shall be located in areas adequately ventilated to prevent accumulation of vapors.
3405.3.6.2.7 Installation. Machines shall be installed in accordance with their listings.
3405.3.7 Rooms or buildings for quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Where required by Section 3405.3.5.3 or 3405.3.6.1, rooms or buildings used for use, dispensing or mixing of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Sections 3405.3.7.1 through 3405.3.7.6.3.
3405.3.7.1 Construction, location and fire protection. Rooms or buildings classified in accordance with the California Building Code as Group H-2 or H-3 occupancies based on use, dispensing or mixing of flammable or combustible liquids shall be constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.
3405.3.7.2 Basements. In rooms or buildings classified in accordance with the California Building Code as Group H-2 or H-3, dispensing or mixing of flammable or combustible liquids shall not be conducted in basements.
3405.3.7.3 Fire protection. Rooms or buildings classified in accordance with the California Building Code as Group H-2 or H-3 occupancies shall be equipped with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system in accordance with Chapter 9.
3405.3.7.4 Doors. Interior doors to rooms or portions of such buildings shall be self-closing fire doors in accordance with the California Building Code.
3405.3.7.5 Open systems. Use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids in open systems shall be in accordance with Sections 3405.3.7.5.1 through 3405.3.7.5.3.
3405.3.7.5.1 Ventilation. Continuous mechanical ventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot [0.00508 m3/(s. m2)] of floor area over the desing area. Provisions shall be made for introduction of makeup air in such a manner to include all floor areas or pits where vapors can collect. Local or spot ventilation shall be provided when needed to prevent the accumulation of hazardous vapors. Ventilation system design shall comply with the California Building Code and California Mechanical Code.
Exception: Where natural ventilation can be shown to be effective for the materials used, dispensed or mixed.
3405.3.7.5.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with Section 911.
3405.3.7.5.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Spill control shall be provided in accordance with Section 3403.4 where Class I, II or IIIA liquids are dispensed into containers exceeding a 1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or mixed or used in open containers or systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity. Spill control and secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with Section 3403.4 when the capacity of an individual container exceeds 55 gallons (208 L) or the aggregate capacity of multiple containers or tanks exceeds 100 gallons (378.5 L).
3405.3.7.6 Closed systems. Use or mixing of flammable or combustible liquids in closed systems shall be in accordance with Sections 3405.3.7.6.1 through 3405.3.7.6.3.
3405.3.7.6.1 Ventilation. Closed systems designed to be opened as part of normal operations shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with Section 3405.3.7.5.1.
3405.3.7.6.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided when an explosive environment can occur as a result of the mixing or use process. Explosion control shall be designed in accordance with Section 911.
Exception: When process vessels are designed to contain fully the worst-case explosion anticipated within the vessel under process conditions considering the most likely failure.
3405.3.7.6.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Spill control shall be provided in accordance with Section 3403.4 when flammable or combustible liquids are dispensed into containers exceeding a 1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or mixed or used in open containers or systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity.
449Spill control and secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with Section 3403.4 when the capacity of an individual container exceeds 55 gallons (208 L) or the aggregate capacity of multiple containers or tanks exceeds 1,000 gallons (3785 L).
3405.3.8 Use, dispensing and handling outside of buildings. Outside use, dispensing and handling shall be in accordance with Sections 3405.3.8.1 through 3405.3.8.4.
Dispensing of liquids into motor vehicle fuel tanks at motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be in accordance with Chapter 22.
3405.3.8.1 Spill control and drainage control. Outside use, dispensing and handling areas shall be provided with spill control as set forth in Section 3403.4.
3405.3.8.2 Location on property. Dispensing activities which exceed the quantities set forth in Table 3405.3.8.2 shall not be conducted within 15 feet (4572 mm) of buildings or combustible materials or within 25 feet (7620 mm) of building openings, lot lines, public streets, public alleys or public ways. Dispensing activities that exceed the quantities set forth in Table 3405.3.8.2 shall not be conducted within 15 feet (4572 mm) of storage of Class I, II or III liquids unless such liquids are stored in tanks which are listed and labeled as 2-hour protected tank assemblies in accordance with UL 2085.
Exceptions:
- The requirements shall not apply to areas where only the following are dispensed: Class III liquids; liquids that are heavier than water; water-miscible liquids; and liquids with viscosities greater than 10,000 centipoise (cp) (10 Pa.s).
- Flammable and combustible liquid dispensing in refineries, chemical plants, process facilities, gas and crude oil production facilities and oil blending and packaging facilities, terminals and bulk plants.
CLASS OF LIQUID | QUANTITY (gallons) |
---|---|
For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L. | |
a. For definition of “Outdoor Control Area,” see Section 2702.1. | |
b. The fire code official is authorized to impose special conditions regarding locations, types of containers, dispensing units, fire control measures and other factors involving fire safety. | |
c. Containing not more than the maximum allowable quantity per control area of each individual class. | |
Flammable | |
Class IA | 10 |
Class IB | 15 |
Class IC | 20 |
Combination Class IA, IB and IC | 30c |
Combustible | |
Class II | 30 |
Class IIIA | 80 |
Class IIIB | 3,300 |
3405.3.8.3 Location of processing vessels. Processing vessels shall be located with respect to distances to lot lines which can be built on in accordance with Table 3405.3.4(1).
Exception: In refineries and distilleries.
3405.3.8.4 Weather protection. Weather protection for outdoor use shall be in accordance with Section 2705.3.9.
3405.4 Solvent distillation units. Solvent distillation units shall comply with Sections 3405.4.1 through 3405.4.9.
3405.4.1 Unit with a capacity of 60 gallons or less. Solvent distillation units used to recycle Class I, II or IIIA liquids having a distillation chamber capacity of 60 gallons (227 L) or less shall be listed, labeled and installed in accordance with Section 3405.4 and UL 2208.
Exceptions:
- Solvent distillation units installed in dry cleaning plants in accordance with Chapter 12.
- Solvent distillation units used in continuous through-put industrial processes where the source of heat is remotely supplied using steam, hot water, oil or other heat transfer fluids, the temperature of which is below the auto-ignition point of the solvent.
- Solvent distillation units listed for and used in laboratories.
- Approved research, testing and experimental processes.
3405.4.2 Units with a capacity exceeding 60 gallons. Solvent distillation units used to recycle Class I, II or IIIA liquids, having a distillation chamber capacity exceeding 60 gallons (227 L) shall be used in locations that comply with the use and mixing requirements of Section 3405 and other applicable provisions in this chapter.
3405.4.3 Prohibited processing. Class I, II and IIIA liquids also classified as unstable (reactive) shall not be processed in solvent distillation units.
Exception: Appliances listed for the distillation of unstable (reactive) solvents.
3405.4.4 Labeling. A permanent label shall be affixed to the unit by the manufacturer. The lable shall indicate the capacity of the distillation chamber, and the distance the unit shall be placed away from sources of ignition. The label shall indicate the products for which the unit has been listed for use or refer to the instruction manual for a list of the products.
3405.4.5 Manufacturer’s instruction manual. An instruction manual shall be provided. The manual shall be readily available for the user and the fire code official. The manual shall include installation, use and servicing instructions. It shall identify the liquids for which the unit has been listed for distillation purposes along with each liquid’s flash point and auto-ignition temperature. For units with adjustable controls, the manual shall include directions for setting the heater temperature for each liquid to be instilled.
3405.4.6 Location. Solvent distillation units shall be used in locations in accordance with the listing. Solvent distillation units shall not be used in basements.
3405.4.7 Storage of liquids. Distilled liquids and liquids awaiting distillation shall be stored in accordance with Section 3404.
3405.4.8 Storage of residues. Hazardous residue from the distillation process shall be stored in accordance with Section 3404 and Chapter 27.
3405.4.9 Portable fire extinguishers. Approved portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Section 906. At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 40-B shall be located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) or more than 30 feet (9144 mm) from any solvent distillation unit.
3405.5 Alcohol-based hand rubs classified as Class I or II liquids. The use of wall-mounted dispensers containing alcohol-based hand rubs classified as Class I or II liquids shall be in accordance with all of the following:
3405.5.1 Corridor installations. Where wall-mounted dispensers containing alcohol-based hand rubs are installed in corridors, they shall be in accordance with all of the following:
3406.1 General. This section shall cover the provisions for special operations which include, but are not limited to, storage, use, dispensing, mixing or handling of flammable and combustible liquids.The following special operations shall be in accordance with Sections 3401, 3403, 3404 and 3405, except as provided in Section 3406.
3406.2 Storage and dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids on farms and construction sites. Permanent and temporary storage and dispensing of Class I and II liquids for private use on farms and rural areas and at construction sites, earth-moving projects, gravel pits or borrow pits shall be in accordance with Sections 3406.2.1 through 3406.2.8.1.
Exception: Storage and use of fuel oil and containers connected with oil-burning equipment regulated by Section 603 and the California Mechanical Code.
3406.2.1 Combustibles and open flames near tanks. Storage areas shall be kept free from weeds and extraneous combustible material. Open flames and smoking are prohibited in flammable or combustible liquid storage areas.
3406.2.2 Marking of tanks and containers. Tanks and containers for the storage of liquids above ground shall be conspicuously marked with the name of the product which they contain and the words: FLAMMABLE—KEEP FIRE AND FLAME AWAY. Tanks shall bear the additional marking: KEEP 50 FEET FROM BUILDINGS.
3406.2.3 Containers for storage and use. Metal containers used for storage of Class I or II liquids shall be in accordance with DOTn requirements or shall be of an approved design.
Discharge devices shall be of a type that do not develop an internal pressure on the container. Pumping devices or
451approved self-closing faucets used for dispensing liquids shall not leak and shall be well-maintained. Individual containers shall not be interconnected and shall be kept closed when not in use.
Containers stored outside of buildings shall be in accordance with Section 3404 and the California Building Code.
3406.2.4 Permanent and temporary tanks. The capacity of permanent above-ground tanks containing Class I or II liquids shall not exceed 1,100 gallons (4164 L). The capacity of temporary above-ground tanks containing Class I or II liquids shall not exceed 10,000 gallons (37 854 L). Tanks shall be of the single-compartment design.
Exception: Permanent above-ground tanks of greater capacity which meet the requirements of Section 3404.2.
3406.2.4.1 Fill-opening security. Fill openings shall be equipped with a locking closure device. Fill openings shall be separate from vent openings.
3406.2.4.2 Vents. Tanks shall be provided with a method of normal and emergency venting. Normal vents shall also be in accordance with Section 3404.2.7.3.
Emergency vents shall be in accordance with Section 3404.2.7.4. Emergency vents shall be arranged to discharge in a manner which prevents localized overheating or flame impingement on any part of the tank in the event that vapors from such vents are ignited.
3406.2.4.3 Location. Tanks containing Class I or II liquids shall be kept outside and at least 50 feet (15 240 mm) from buildings and combustible storage. Additional distance shall be provided when necessary to ensure that vehicles, equipment and containers being filled directly from such tanks will not be less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from structures, haystacks or other combustible storage.
3406.2.4.4 Locations where above-ground tanks are prohibited. The storage of Class I and II liquids in above-ground tanks is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits of districts in which such storage is prohibited (see Section 3 of the Sample Ordinance for Adoption of the California Fire Code on page v).
3406.2.5 Type of tank. Tanks shall be provided with top openings only or shall be elevated for gravity discharge.
3406.2.5.1 Tanks with top openings only. Tanks with top openings shall be mounted as follows:
3406.2.5.1.1 Pumps and fittings. Tanks with top openings only shall be equipped with a tightly and permanently attached, approved pumping device having an approved hose of sufficient length for filling vehicles, equipment or containers to be served from the tank. Either the pump or the hose shall be equipped with a padlock to its hanger to prevent tampering. An effective antisiphoning device shall be included in the pump discharge unless a self-closing nozzle is provided. Siphons or internal pressure discharge devices shall not be used.
3406.2.5.2 Tanks for gravity discharge. Tanks with a connection in the bottom or the end for gravity-dispensing liquids shall be mounted and equipped as follows:
The gravity discharge outlet shall be provided with an approved hose equipped with a self-closing valve at the discharge end of a type that can be padlocked to its hanger.
3406.2.6 Spill control drainage control and diking. Indoor storage and dispensing areas shall be provided with spill control and drainage control as set forth in Section 3403.4. Outdoor storage areas shall be provided with drainage control or diking as set forth in Section 3404.2.10.
3406.2.7 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers with a minimum rating of 20-B:C and complying with Section 906 shall be provided where required by the fire code official.
3406.2.8 Dispensing from tank vehicles. Where approved, liquids used as fuels are allowed to be transferred from tank vehicles into the tanks of motor vehicles or special equipment, provided:
3406.3 Well drilling and operating. Wells for oil and natural gas shall be drilled and operated in accordance with Sections 3406.3.1 through 3406.3.8.
3406.3.1 Location. The location of wells shall comply with Sections 3406.3.1.1 through 3406.3.1.3.2.
3406.3.1.1 Storage tanks and sources of ignition. Storage tanks or boilers, fired heaters, open-flame devices or other sources or ignition shall not be located within 25 feet (7620 mm) of well heads. Smoking is prohibited at wells or tank locations except as designated and in approvedposted areas.
Exception: Engines used in the drilling, production and serving of wells.
3406.3.1.2 Streets and railways. Wells shall not be drilled within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of any dedicated public street, highway or nearest rail of an operating railway.
3406.3.1.3 Buildings. Wells shall not be drilled within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of buildings not necessary to the operation of the well.
3406.3.1.3.1 Group A, E or I buildings. Wells shall not be drilled within 300 feet (91 440 mm) of buildings with an occupancy in Group A, E or I.
3406.3.1.3.2 Existing wells. Where wells are existing, buildings shall not be constructed within the distances set forth in Section 3406.3.1 for separation of wells or buildings.
3406.3.2 Waste control. Control of waste materials associated with wells shall comply with Sections 3406.3.2.1 and 3406.3.2.2.
3406.3.2.1 Discharge on a street or water channel. Liquids containing crude petroleum or its products shall not be discharged into or on streets, highways, drainage canals or ditches, storm drains or flood control channels.
3406.3.2.2 Discharge and combustible materials on ground. The surface of the ground under, around or near wells, pumps, boilers, oil storage tanks or buildings shall be kept free from oil, waste oil, refuse or waste material.
3406.3.3 Sumps. Sumps associated with wells shall comply with Sections 3406.3.3.1 through 3406.3.3.3.
3406.3.3.1 Maximum width. Sumps or other basins for the retention of oil or petroleum products shall not exceed 12 feet (3658 mm) in width.
3406.3.3.2 Backfilling. Sumps or other basins for the retention of oil or petroleum products larger than 6 feet by 6 feet by 6 feet (1829 mm by 1829 mm by 1829 mm) shall not be maintained longer than 60 days after the cessation of drilling operations.
3406.3.3.3 Security. Sumps, diversion ditches and depressions used as sumps shall be securely fenced or covered.
3406.3.4 Prevention of blowouts. Protection shall be provided to control and prevent the blowout of a well. Protection equipment shall meet federal, state and other applicable jurisdiction requirements.
3406.3.5 Storage tanks. Storage of flammable or combustible liquidsin tanks shall be in accordance with Section 3404. Oil storage tanks or groups of tanks shall have posted in a conspicuous place, on or near such tank or tanks, an approved sign with the name of the owner or operator, or the lease number and the telephone number where a responsible person can be reached at any time.
3406.3.6 Soundproofing. Where soundproofing material is required during oil field operations, such material shall be noncombustible.
3406.3.7 Signs. Well locations shall have posted in a conspicuous place on or near such tank or tanks an approved sign with the name of the owner or operator, name of the lease or the lease number, the well number and the telephone number where a responsible person can be reached at any time. Such signs shall be maintained on the premises from the time materials are delivered for drilling purposes until the well is abandoned.
3406.3.8 Field-loading racks. Field-loading racks shall be in accordance with Section 3406.5.
3406.4 Bulk plants or terminals. Portions of properties where flammable and combustible liquidsare received by tank vessels, pipelines, tank cars or tank vehicles and which are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vessels, pipelines, tanks cars, tank vehicles or containers shall be in accordance with Sections 3406.4.1 through 3406.4.10.4.
3406.4.1 Building construction. Buildings shall be constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.
3406.4.2 Means of egress. Rooms in which liquids are stored, used or transferred by pumps shall have means of egress arranged to prevent occupants from being trapped in the event of fire.
3406.4.3 Heating. Rooms in which Class I liquids are stored or used shall be heated only by means not constituting a source of ignition, such as steam or hot water. Rooms containing heating appliances involving sources of ignition shall be located and arranged to prevent entry of flammable vapors.
3406.4.4 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided for rooms, buildings and enclosures in which Class I liquids are pumped, used or transferred. Design of ventilation systems shall consider the relatively high specific gravity of the vapors. When natural ventilation is used, adequate openings in outside walls at floor level, unobstructed except by louvers or coarse screens, shall be provided. When natural ventilation is inadequate, mechanical ventilation shall be provided in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
3406.4.4.1 Basements and pits. Class I liquids shall not be stored or used within a building having a basement or pit into which flammable vapors can travel, unless such
453area is provided with ventilation designed to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein.
3406.4.4.2 Dispensing of Class I liquids. Containers of Class I liquids shall not be drawn from or filled within buildings unless a provision is made to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors in hazardous concentrations. Where mechanical ventilation is required, it shall be kept in operation while flammable vapors could be present.
3406.4.5 Storage. Storage of Class I, II and IIIA liquids in bulk plants shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of Section 3404.
3406.4.6 Overfill protection of Class I and II liquids. Manual and automatic systems shall be provided to prevent overfill during the transfer of Class I and II liquids from mainline pipelines and marine vessels in accordance with API 2350.
3406.4.7 Wharves. This section shall apply to all wharves, piers, bulkheads and other structures over or contiguous to navigable water having a primary function of transferring liquid cargo in bulk between shore installations and tank vessels, ships, barges, lighter boats or other mobile floating craft.
Exception: Marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities in accordance with Chapter 22.
3406.4.7.1 Transferring approvals. Handling packaged cargo of liquids, including full and empty drums, bulk fuel and stores, over a wharf during cargo transfer shall be subject to the approval of the wharf supervisor and the senior deck officer on duty.
3406.4.7.2 Transferring location. Wharves at which liquid cargoes are to be transferred in bulk quantities to or from tank vessels shall be at least 100 feet (30 480 mm) from any bridge over a navigable waterway; or from an entrance to, or superstructure of, any vehicular or railroad tunnel under a waterway. The termination of the fixed piping used for loading or unloading at a wharf shall be at least 200 feet (60 960 mm) from a bridge or from an entrance to, or superstructures of, a tunnel.
3406.4.7.3 Superstructure and decking material. Superstructure and decking shall be designed for the intended use. Decking shall be constructed of materials that will afford the desired combination of flexibility, resistance to shock, durability, strength and fire resistance.
3406.4.7.4 Tanks allowed. Tanks used exclusively for ballast water or Class II or III liquids are allowed to be installed on suitably designed wharves.
3406.4.7.5 Transferring equipment. Loading pumps capable of building up pressures in excess of the safe working pressure of cargo hose or loading arms shall be provided with bypasses, relief valves or other arrangements to protect the loading facilities against excessive pressure. Relief devices shall be tested at least annually to determine that they function satisfactorily at their set pressure.
3406.4.7.6 Piping, valves and fittings. Piping valves and fittings shall be in accordance with Section 3403.6 except as modified by the following:
3406.4.7.7 Loading and unloading. Loading or discharging shall not commence until the wharf superintendent and officer in charge of the tank vessel agree that the tank vessel is properly moored and connections are properly made.
3406.4.7.8 Mechanical work. Mechanical work shall not be performed on the wharf during cargo transfer, except under special authorization by the fire code official based on a review of the area involved, methods to be employed and precautions necessary.
3406.4.8 Sources of ignition. Class I, II or IIIA liquids shall not be used, drawn or dispensed where flammable vapors can reach a source of ignition. Smoking shall be prohibited except in designated locations. “No Smoking” signs complying with Section 310 shall be conspicuously posted where a hazard from flammable vapors is normally present.
3406.4.9 Drainage control. Loading and unloading areas shall be provided with drainage control in accordance with Section 3404.2.10.
3406.4.10 Fire protection. Fire protection shall be in accordance with Chapter 9 and Sections 3406.4.10.1 through 3406.4.10.4.
3406.4.10.1 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers with a rating of not less than 20-B and complying with Section 906 shall be located within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of hose connections, pumps and separator tanks.
3406.4.10.2 Fire hoses. Where piped water is available, ready-connected fire hose in a size appropriate for the water supply shall be provided in accordance with Section 905 so that manifolds where connections are made and broken can be reached by at least one hose stream.
3406.4.10.3 Obstruction of equipment. Material shall not be placed on wharves in such a manner that would obstruct access to fire-fighting equipment or important pipeline control valves.
3406.4.10.4 Fire apparatus access. Where the wharf is accessible to vehicular traffic, an unobstructed fire apparatus access road to the shore end of the wharf shall be maintained in accordance with Chapter 5.
3406.5 Bulk transfer and process transfer operations. Bulk transfer and process transfer operations shall be approved and be in accordance with Sections 3406.5.1 through 3406.5.4.5. Motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall comply with Chapter 22.
3406.5.1 General. The provisions of Sections 3406.5.1.1 through 3406.5.1.18 shall apply to bulk transfer and process transfer operations; Sections 3406.5.2 and 3406.5.2.1 shall apply to bulk transfer operations; Sections 3406.5.3 through 3406.5.3.3 shall apply to process transfer operations and Sections 3406.5.4 through 3406.5.4.5 shall apply to dispensing from tank vehicles and tank cars.
3406.5.1.1 Location. Bulk transfer and process transfer operations shall be conducted in approved locations. Tank cars shall be unloaded only on private sidings or railroad-siding facilities equipped for transferring flammable or combustible liquids.Tank vehicle and tank car transfer facilities shall be separated from buildings, above-ground tanks, combustible materials, lot lines,public streets, public alleys or public waysby a distance of 25 feet (7620 mm) for Class I liquids and 15 feet (4572 mm) for Class II and III liquids measured from the nearest position of any loading or unloading valve. Buildings for pumps or shelters for personnel shall be considered part of the transfer facility.
3406.5.1.2 Weather protection canopies. Where weather protection canopies are provided, they shall be constructed in accordance with Section 2704.13. Weather protection canopies shall not be located within 15 feet (4572 mm) of a building or combustible material or within 25 feet (7620 mm) of building openings, lot lines,public streets, public alleys or public ways.
3406.5.1.3 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided to prevent accumulation of vapors in accordance with Section 3405.3.7.5.1.
3406.5.1.4 Sources of ignition. Sources of ignition shall be controlled or eliminated in accordance with Section 2703.7.
3406.5.1.5 Spill control and secondary containment. Areas where transfer operations are located shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Section 3403.4. The spill control and secondary containment system shall have a design capacity capable of containing the capacity of the largest tank compartment located in the area where transfer operations are conducted. Containment of the rainfall volume specified in Section 2704.2.2.6 is not required.
3406.5.1.6 Fire protection. Fire protection shall be in accordance with Section 3403.2.
3406.5.1.7 Static protection. Static protection shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of static charges during transfer operations. Bonding facilities shall be provided during the transfer through open domes where Class I liquids are transferred, or where Class II and III liquids are transferred into tank vehicles or tank cars which could contain vapors from previous cargoes of Class I liquids.
Protection shall consist of a metallic bond wire permanently electrically connected to the fill stem. The fill pipe assembly shall form a continuous electrically conductive path downstream from the point of bonding. The free end of such bond wire shall be provided with a clamp or equivalent device for convenient attachment to a metallic part in electrical contact with the cargo tank of the tank vehicle or tank car. For tank vehicles, protection shall consist of a flexible bond wire of adequate strength for the intended service and the electrical resistance shall not exceed 1 megohm. For tank cars, bonding shall be provided where the resistance of a tank car to ground through the rails is 25 ohms or greater.
Such bonding connection shall be fastened to the vehicle, car or tank before dome covers are raised and shall remain in place until filling is complete and all dome covers have been closed and secured.
Exceptions:
- Where vehicles and cars are loaded exclusively with products not having a static-accumulating tendency, such as asphalt, cutback asphalt, most crude oils, residual oils and water-miscible liquids.
- When Class I liquids are not handled at the transfer facility and the tank vehicles are used exclusively for Class II and III liquids. 455
- Where vehicles and cars are loaded or unloaded through closed top or bottom connections whether the hose is conductive or nonconductive.
Filling through open domes into the tanks of tank vehicles or tank cars that contain vapor-air mixtures within the flammable range, or where the liquid being filled can form such a mixture, shall be by means of a downspout which extends to near the bottom of the tank.
3406.5.1.8 Stray current protection. Tank car loading facilities where Class I, II or IIIA liquids are transferred through open domes shall be protected against stray currents by permanently bonding the pipe to at least one rail and to the transfer apparatus. Multiple pipes entering the transfer areas shall be permanently electrically bonded together. In areas where excessive stray currents are known to exist, all pipes entering the transfer area shall be provided with insulating sections to isolate electrically the transfer apparatus from the pipelines.
3406.5.1.9 Top loading. When top loading a tank vehicle with Class I and II liquids without vapor control, valves used for the final control of flow shall be of the self-closing type and shall be manually held open except where automatic means are provided for shutting off the flow when the tank is full. When used, automatic shutoff systems shall be provided with a manual shutoff systems shall be provided with a manual shutt valve located at a safe distance from the loading nozzle to stop the flow if the automatic system fails.
When top loading a tank vehicle with vapor control, flow control shall be in accordance with Section 3406.5.1.10. Self-closing valves shall not be tired or locked in the open position.
3406.5.1.10 Bottom loading. When bottom loading a tank vehicle or tank car with or without vapor control, a positive means shall be provided for loading a predetermined quantity of liquid, together with an automatic secondary shuttoff control to prevent overfill. The connecting components between the transfer equipment and the tank vehicle or tank car required to operate the secondary control shall be functionally compatible.
3406.5.1.10.1 Dry disconnect coupling. When bottom loading a tank vehicle, the coupling between the liquid loading hose or pipe and the truck piping shall be a dry disconnect coupling.
3406.5.1.10.2 Venting. When bottom loading a tank vehicle or tank car that is equipped for vapor control and vapor control is not used, the tank shall be vented to the atmosphere to prevent pressurization of the tank. Such venting shall be at a height equal to or greater than the top of the cargo tank.
3406.5.1.10.3 Vapor-tight connection. Connections to the plant vapor control system shall be designed to prevent the escape of vapor to the atmosphere when not connected to a tank vehicle or tank car.
3406.5.1.10.4 Vapor-processing equipment. Vapor-processing equipment shall be separated from above-ground tanks, warehouses, other plant buildings, transfer facilities or nearest lot line of adjoining property that can be built on by a distance of at least 25 feet (7620 mm). Vapor-processing equipment shall be protected from physical damage by remote location, guard rails, curbs or fencing.
3406.5.1.11 Switch loading. Tank vehicles or tank cars which have previously contained Class I liquids shall not be loaded with Class II or III liquids until such vehicles and all piping, pumps, hoses and meters connected thereto have been completely drained and flushed.
Exception: When approved by the Enforcing Agency the procedures prescribed in API (API-RP-2003) Recommended Practices 2003 entitled; Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of Static, Lightning, and Stray Current may be used for changing tank contents.
3406.5.1.12 Loading racks. Where provided, loading racks, stairs or platforms shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. Buildings for pumps or for shelter of loading personnel are allowed to be part of the loading rack. Wiring and electrical equipment located within 25 feet (7620 mm) of any portion of the loading rack shall be in accordance with Section 3403.1.1.
3406.5.1.13 Transfer apparatus. Bulk and process transfer apparatus shall be of an approved type.
3406.5.1.14 Inside buildings. Tank vehicles and tank cars shall not be located inside a building while transferring Class I, II or IIIA liquids, unless approved by the fire code official.
Exception: Tank vehicles are allowed under weather protection canopies of automobile motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations.
3406.5.1.15 Tank vehicle and tank car certification. Certification shall be maintained for tank vehicles and tank cars in accordance with DOT n 49 CFR, Parts 100-185.
3406.5.1.16 Tank vehicle and tank car stability. Tank vehicles and tank cars shall be stabilized against movement during loading and unloading in accordance with Sections 3406.5.1.16.1 through 3406.5.1.16.3.
3406.5.1.16.1 Tank vehicles. When the vehicle is parked for loading or unloading, the cargo trailer portion of the tank vehicle shall be secured in a manner that will prevent unintenational movement.
3406.5.1.16.2 Chock blocks. At least two chock blocks not less than 5 inches by 12 inches (127 mm by 127 mm by 305 mm) in size and dished to fit the contour of the tires shall be used during transfer operation of tank vehicles.
3406.5.1.16.3 Tank cars. Brakes shall be set and the wheels shall be locked to prevent rolling.
3406.5.1.17 Monitoring. Transfer operations shall be monitored by an approved monitoring system or by an attendant. When monitoring is by an attendant, the operator
456or other competent person shall be present at all times.
3406.5.1.18 Security. Transfer operations shall be surrounded by a noncombustible fence not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) in height. Tank vehicles and tank cars shall not be loaded or unloaded unless such vehicles are entirely within the fenced area.
Exceptions:
- Motor fuel-dispensing facilities complying with Chapter 22.
- Installations where adequate public safety exists because of isolation, natural barriers or other factors as determined appropriate by the fire code official.
- Facilities or properties that are entirely enclosed or protected from entry.
3406.5.2 Bulk transfer. Bulk transfer shall be in accordance with Sections 3406.5.1 and 3406.5.2.1.
3406.5.2.1 Vehicle motor. Motors of tank vehicles or tank cars shall be shut off during the making and breaking of hose connections and during the unloading operation.
Exception: Where unloading is performed with a pump deriving its power from the tank vehicle motor.
3406.5.3 Process transfer. Process transfer shall be in accordance with Section 3406.5.1 and Sections 3406.5.3.1 through 3406.5.3.3.
3406.5.3.1 Piping, valves, hoses and fittings. Piping, valves, hoses and fittings which are not a part of the tank vehicle or tank car shall be in accordance with Section 3403.6. Caps or plugs which prevent leakage or spillage shall be provided at all points of connection to transfer piping.
3406.5.3.1.1 Shutoff valves. Approved automatically or manually activated shutoff valves shall be provided where the transfer hose connects to the process piping, and on both sides of any exterior fire-resistance-rated wall through which the piping passes. Manual shutoff valves shall be arranged so that they are accessible from grade. Valves shall not be locked in the open position.
3406.5.3.1.2 Hydrostatic relief. Hydrostatic pressure-limiting or relief devices shall be provided where pressure buildup in trapped sections of the system could exceed the design pressure of the components of the system.
Devices shall relieve to other portions of the system or to another approved location.
3406.5.3.1.3 Antisiphon valves. Antisiphon valves shall be provided when the system design would allow siphonage.
3406.5.3.2 Vents. Normal and emergency vents shall be maintained operable at all times.
3406.5.3.3 Motive power. Motors of tank vehicles or tank cars shall be shut off during the making and breaking of hose connections and during the unloading operation.
Exception: When unloading is performed with a pump deriving its power from the tank vehicle motor.
3406.5.4 Dispensing from tank vehicles and tank cars.
Dispensing from tank vehicles and tank cars into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles shall be prohibited unless allowed by and conducted in accordance with Sections 3406.5.4.1 through 3406.5.4.5.
3406.5.4.1 Marine craft and special equipment. Liquids intended for use as motor fuels are allowed to be transferred from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks of marine craft and special equipment when approved by the fire code official, and when:
3406.5.4.2 Emergency refueling. When approved by the fire code official, dispensing of motor vehicle fuel from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles is allowed during emergencies. Dispensing from tank vehicles shall be in accordance with Section 3406.2.8 and 3406.6.
3406.5.4.3 Aircraft fueling. Transfer of liquids from tank vehicles to the fuel tanks of aircraft shall be in accordance with Chapter 11.
3406.5.4.4 Fueling of vehicles at farms, construction sites and similar areas. Transfer of liquid from tank vehicles to motor vehicles for private use on farms and rural areas and not construction sites, earth-moving projects, gravel pits and borrow pits is allowed in accordance with Section 3406.2.8.
3406.5.4.5 Commercial, industrial, governmental or manufacturing. Dispensing of Class II and III motor vehicle fuel from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles located at commercial, industrial, governmental or manufacturing establishments is allowed where permitted, provided such dispensing operations are conducted in accordance with the following:
Exceptions:
- The distance to storm drains shall not apply where an approved storm drain cover or an approved equivalent that will prevent any fuel from reaching the drain is in place prior to fueling or a fueling hose being placed within 15 feet (4572 mm) of the drain. Where placement of a storm drain cover will cause the accumulation of excessive water or difficulty in conducting the fueling, such cover shall not be used and the fueling shall not take place within 15 feet (4572 mm) of a drain.
- The distance to storm drains shall not apply for drains that direct influent to approved oil interceptors.
Exception: Tank vehicles where the operator carries and can utilize a remote emergency shutoff device which, when activated, immediately causes flow of fuel from the tank vehicle to cease.
3406.6 Tank vehicles and vehicle operation. Tank vehicles shall be designed, constructed, equipped and maintained in accordance with NFPA 385 and Sections 3406.6.1 through 3406.6.4.
3406.6.1 Operation of tank vehicles. Tank vehicles shall be utilized and operated in accordance with NFPA 385 and Sections 3406.6.1.1 through 3406.6.1.11.
3406.6.1.1 Vehicle maintenance. Tank vehicles shall not be operated unless they are in proper state of repair and free from accumulation of grease, oil or other flammable substance, and leaks.
3406.6.1.2 Leaving vehicle unattended. The driver, operator or attendant of a tank vehicle shall not remain in the vehicle cab and shall not leave the vehicle while it is being filled or discharged. The delivery hose, when attached to a tank vehicle, shall be considered to be a part of the tank vehicle.
3406.6.1.3 Vehicle motor shutdown. Motors of tank vehicles or tractors shall be shut down during the making or breaking of hose connections. If loading or unloading is performed without the use of a power pump, the tank vehicle or tractor motor shall be shut down throughout such operations.
3406.6.1.4 Outage. A cargo tank or compartment thereof used for the transportation of flammable or combustible liquids shall not be loaded to absolute capacity. The vacant space in a cargo tank or compartment thereof used in the transportation of flammable or combustible liquids shall not be less than 1 percent. Sufficient space shall be left vacant to prevent leakage from or distortion of such tank or compartment by expansion of the contents caused by rise in temperature in transit.
3406.6.1.5 Overfill protection. The driver, operator or attendant of a tank vehicle shall, before making delivery to a tank, determine the unfilled capacity of such tank by a suitable gauging device. To prevent overfilling, the driver, operator or attendant shall not deliver in excess of that amount.
3406.6.1.6 Securing hatches. During loading, hatch covers shall be secured on all but the receiving compartment.
3406.6.1.7 Liquid temperature. Materials shall not be loaded into or transported in a tank vehicle at a temperature above the material's ignition temperature unless safeguard in an approved manner.
3406.6.1.8 Bonding to underground tanks. An external bond-wire connection or bond-wire integral with a hose shall be provided for the transferring of flammable liquids through open connections into underground tanks.
3406.6.1.9 Smoking. Smoking by tank vehicle drivers, helpers or other personnel is prohibited while they are driving, making deliveries, filing or making repairs to tank vehicles.
3406.6.1.10 Hose connections. Delivery of flammable liquids to underground tanks with a capacity of more than 1,000 gallons (3785 L) shall be made by means of approved liquid and vapor-tight connections between the delivery hose and fill tank pipe. Where underground tanks are equipped with any type of vapor recovery system, all connections required to be made for the safe and proper functioning of the particular vapor recovery process shall be made. Such connections shall be made liquid and vapor tight and remain connected throughout the unloading process. Vapors shall not be discharged at grade level during delivery.
3406.6.1.10.1 Simultaneous delivery. Simultaneous delivery to underground tanks of any capacity from two or more discharge hoses shall be made by means of mechanically tight connections between the hose and fill pipe.
3406.6.1.11 Hose protection. Upon arrival at a point of delivery and prior to discharging any flammable or combustible liquids into underground tanks, the driver, operator or attendant of the tank vehicle shall ensure that all hoses utilized for liquid delivery and vapor recovery, where required, will be protected from physical damage by motor vehicles. Such protection shall be provided by positioning the tank vehicle to prevent motor vehicles from passing through the area or areas occupied by hoses, or by other approved equivalent means.
3406.6.2 Parking. Parking of tank of vehicles shall be in accordance with Sections 3406.6.2.1 through 3406.6.2.3.
Exception: In cases of accident, breakdown or other emergencies, tank vehicles are allowed to be parked and left unattended at any location while the operator is obtaining assistance.
3406.6.2.1 Parking near residential, educational and institutional occupancies and other high-risk areas. Tank vehicles shall not be left unattended at any time on residential streets, or within 50 feet (152 m) of a residential area, apartment or hotel complex, educational facility, hospital or care facility. tank vehicles shall not
459be left unattended at any other place that would, in the opinion of the fire chief, pose an extreme life hazard.
3406.6.2.2 Parking on throughfares. Tank vehicles shall not be left unattended on a public street, highway, public avenue or public alley.
Exceptions:
- The necessary absence in connection with loading or unloading the vehicle. During actual fuel transfer, Section 3406.6.1.2 shall apply. The vehicle location shall be in accordance with Section 3406.6.2.1.
- Stops for meals during the day or night, if the street is well lighted at the point of parking. The vehicle location shall be in accordance with Section 3406.6.2.1.
3406.6.2.3 Duration exceeding 1 hour. Tank vehicles parked at one point for longer than 1 hour shall be located off of public streets, highways, public avenues or alleys, and:
3406.6.3 Garaging. Tank vehicles shall not be parked or garaged in buildings other than those specifically approved for such use by the fire code official.
3406.6.4 Portable fire extinguisher. Tank vehicles shall be equipped with a portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 and having a minimum rating of 2-A:20-B:C.
During unloading of the tank vehicle, the portable fire extinguisher shall be out of the tank carrying device on the vehicle and shall be 15 feet (4572 mm) or more from the unloading valves.
3406.7 Refineries. Plants and portions of plants in which flammable liquids are produced on a scale from crude petroleum, natural gasoline or other hydrocarbon sources shall be in accordance with Section 3406.7.1 through 3406.7.3. Petroleum-processing plants and facilities or portions of plants or facilities in which flammable or combustible liquids are handles, treated or produced on a commercial scale from crude petroleum, natural gasoline, or other hydrocarbon sources shall also be in accordance with API 651, API 653, API 752, API 1615, API 2001, API 2003, API 2009, API 2015, API 2023, API 2201 and API 2350.
3406.7.1 Corrosion protection. Above-ground tanks and piping systems shall be protected against corrosion in accordance with API 651.
3406.7.2 Cleaning of tanks. The safe entry and cleaning of petroleum storage tanks shall be conducted in accordance with API 2015.
3406.7.3 Storage of heated petroleum products. Where petroleum-derived asphalts and residues are stored in heated tanks at refineries and bulk storage facilities or in tank vehicles, such products shall be in accordance with API 2023.
3406.8 Vapor recovery and vapor-processing systems. Vapor-processing systems in which the vapor source operates at pressures from vacuum, up to the and including 1 psig (6.9 kpa) or in which a potential exists for vapor mixtures in the flammable range, shall comply with Sections 3406.8.1 through 3406.8.5.
Exceptions:
3406.8.1 Over-pressure/vacuum protection. Tanks and equipment shall have independent venting for over-pressure or vacuum conditions that might occur from malfunction of the vapor recovery or processing system.
Exception: For tanks, venting shall comply with Section 3404.2.7.3.
3406.8.2 Vent location. Vents on vapor-processing equipment shall be not less than 12 feet (3658 mm) from adjacent ground level, with outlets located and directed so that flammable vapors will disperse to below the lower flammable limit (LFL) before reaching locations containing potential ignition sources.
3406.8.3 Vapor collection systems and overfill protection. The design and operation of the vapor collection system and overfill protection shall be in accordance with this section and Section 19.5 of NFPA 30.
3406.8.4 Liquid-level monitoring. A liquid knock-out vessel used in the vapor collection system shall have means to verify the liquid level and a high-liquid-level sensor that activates an alarm. For unpopulated facilities, the high-liquid-level sensor shall initiate the shutdown of liquid transfer into the vessel and shutdown of vapor recovery or vapor-processing systems.
3406.8.5 Overfill protection. Storage tanks served by vapor recovery or processing systems shall be equipped with overfill protection in accordance with Section 3404.2.7.5.8.
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
3501.1 Scope. The storage and use of flammable gases shall be in accordance with this chapter. Compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 30 and cryogenic fluids shall also comply with Chapter 32. Bulk hydrogen compressed gas systems and bulk liquefied hydrogen gas systems shall comply with NFPA 55. Hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing facilities and repair garages and their associated above-ground hydrogen storage systems shall also be designed and constructed in accordance with Chapter 22.
Exceptions:
- Gases used as refrigerants in refrigeration systems (see Section 606).
- Liquefied petroleum gases and natural gases regulated by Chapter 38.
- Fuel-gas systems and appliances regulated under the California Mechanical Code or the California Plumbing Code.
- Pyrophoric gases in accordance with Chapter 41.
3501.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
3502.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
BULK HYDROGEN COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM. An assembly of equipment, consisting of, but not limited to, storage containers, pressure regulators, pressure relief devices, vaporizers, manifolds and piping, with a storage capacity of more than 400 ft3 (scf) (11 m3) of compressed hydrogen gas, including unconnected reserved integral to the system. The bulk system terminates at the point where the gas supply, at service pressure, first enters the supply line. The containers are either stationary or portable, and the gas is stored as a compressed gas.
BULK LIQUEFIED HYDROGEN GAS SYSTEM. An assembly of equipment, consisting of, but not limited to, storage containers, pressure regulators, pressure relief devices, vaporizers, manifolds and piping, with a storage capacity of more than 39.7 gallons (150 L) of liquefied hydrogen, including unconnected reserves integral to the system. The bulk system terminates at the point where the gas supply, at service pressure, first enters the supply line. The containers are either stationary or portable, and the gas is stored as a cryogenic fluid.
FLAMMABLE GAS. A material which is a gas at 68°F (20°C) or less at 14.7 pounds per square inch atmosphere (psia) (101 kPa) of pressure [a material that has a boiling point of 68°F (20°C) or less at 14.7 psia (101 kPa)] which:
The limits specified shall be determined at 14.7 psi (101 kPa) of pressure and a temperature of 68°F (20°C) in accordance with ASTM E 681.
FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS. A liquefied compressed gas which, under a charged pressure, is partially liquid at a temperature of 68°F (20°C) and which is flammable.
METAL HYDRIDE. A generic name for compounds composed of metallic element(s) and hydrogen.
METAL HYDRIDE STORAGE SYSTEM. A closed system consisting of a group of components assembled as a package to contain metal-hydrogen compounds for which there exists an equilibrium condition where the hydrogen-absorbing metal alloy(s), hydrogen gas and the metal-hydrogen compound(s) coexist and where only hydrogen gas is released from the system in normal use.
3503.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of flammable gases in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 3501 and 3503.
3503.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storage and use. Flammable gases shall not be stored or used in Group A, E, I or R occupancies or in offices in Group B occupancies.
Exceptions:
- Cylinders of nonliquefied compressed gases not exceeding a capacity of 250 cubic feet (7.08 m3) or liquefied gases not exceeding a capacity of 40 pounds (18 kg) each at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) used for maintenance purposes, patient care or operation of equipment.
- Food service operations in accordance with Section 3803.2.1.7.
3503.1.1.1 Medical gases. Medical gas system supply cylinders shall be located in medical gas storage rooms or gas cabinets as set forth in Section 3006.
3503.1.1.2 Aggregate quantity. The aggregate quantities of flammable gases used for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1).
3503.1.2 Storage containers. Cylinders and pressure vessels for flammable gases shall be designed, constructed, installed, tested and maintained in accordance with Chapter 30.
3503.1.3 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems conveying flammable gases shall be provided with approved manual or automatic emergency shutoff valves that can be activated at each point of use and at each source.
3503.1.3.1 Shutoff at source. A manual or automatic fail-safe emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on supply piping at the cylinder or bulk source. Manual or automatic cylinder valves are allowed to be used as the required emergency shutoff valve when the source of supply is limited to unmanifolded cylinder sources.
3503.1.3.2 Shutoff at point of use. A manual or automatic emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on the supply piping at the point of use or at a point where the equipment using the gas is connected to the supply system.
3503.1.4 Ignition source control. Ignition sources in areas containing flammable gases in storage or in use shall be controlled in accordance with Section 2703.7.
Exception: Fuel gas systems connected to building service utilities in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
3503.1.4.1 Static-producing equipment. Static-producing equipment located in flammable gas storage areas shall be grounded.
3503.1.4.2 Signs. “No Smoking” signs shall be posted at entrances to rooms and in areas containing flammable gases in accordance with Section 2703.7.1.
3503.1.5 Electrical. Electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Section 605 and the California Electrical Code.
3503.1.5.1 Bonding of electrically conductive materials and equipment. Exposed noncurrent-carrying metal parts, including metal gas piping systems, that are part of flammable gas supply systems located in a hazardous (electrically classified) location shall be bonded to a grounded conductor in accordance with the provisions of the California Electrical Code.
3503.1.5.2 Static-producing equipment. Static-producing equipment located in flammable gas storage or use areas shall be grounded.
3503.1.6 Liquefied flammable gases and flammable gases in solution. Containers of liquefied flammable gases and flammable gases in solution shall be positioned in the upright position or positioned so that the pressure relief valve is in direct contact with the vapor space of the container.
Exceptions:
- Containers of flammable gases in solution with a capacity of 1.3 gallons (5 L) or less.
- Containers of flammable liquefied gases, with a capacity not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L), designed to preclude the discharge of liquid from safety relief devices.
3503.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of flammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 and this chapter.
3504.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of flammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1), shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 2704, and this chapter.
3504.1.1 Explosion control. Buildings or portions thereof containing flammable gases shall be provided with explosion control in accordance with Section 911.
3504.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of flammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 2704, and this chapter.
3504.2.1 Distance limitation to exposures. Outdoor storage or use of flammable compressed gases shall be located from a lot line, public street, public alley, public way or building not associated with the manufacture or distribution of such gases in accordance with Table 3504.2.1.
3504.2.1.1 Weather protection canopies. Where weather protection is provided for sheltering outdoor flammable gas storage or use areas, such areas shall be constructed in accordance with Section 2704.13 and the California Building Code. Outdoor storage or use of flammable compressed gases shall be located from a lot line, public street, public alley or public way in accordance with Table 3504.2.1, except that Note a of Table 3504.2.1 shall not apply to areas sheltered by weather protection.
3505.1 General. The use of flammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) or 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 2705, and this chapter.
3506.1 General. The storage and use of flammable cryogenic fluids shall be in accordance with Sections 3506.2 through 3506.4.8.3 and Chapter 32.
3506.2 Limitations. Storage of flammable cryogenic fluids in stationary containers outside of buildings is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits of districts in which such storage is prohibited (see Section 3 of the Sample Ordinance for Adoption of the California Fire Code on page xiii).
464MAXIMUM AMOUNT PER STORAGE AREA (cubic feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE TO BUILDINGS ON THE SAME PROPERTY | MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN STORAGE AREAS (feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE TO LOT LINES OF PROPERTY THAT CAN BE BUILT UPON (feet)a | MINIMUM DISTANCE TO PUBLIC STREETS, PUBLIC ALLEYS OR PUBLIC WAYS (feet)a | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonrated construction or openings within 25 feet | 2-hour construction and no openings within 25 feet | 4-hour construction and no openings within 25 feet | ||||
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3. | ||||||
a. The minimum required distances shall not apply when fire barriers without openings or penetrations having a minimum fire-resistance rating of 2 hours interrupt the line of sight between the storage and the exposure. The configuration of the fire barrier shall be designed to allow natural ventilation to prevent the accumulation of hazardous gas concentrations. | ||||||
0 - 4,225 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
4,226 - 21,125 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
21,126 - 50,700 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 5 | 0 |
50,701 - 84,500 | 10 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 5 | 0 |
84,501 or greater | 20 | 25 | 25 | 20 | 5 | 0 |
3506.3 Above-ground tanks for liquid hydrogen. Above-ground tanks for the storage of liquid hydrogen shall be in accordance with Sections 3506.3 through 3506.3.2.1.
3506.3.1 Construction of the inner vessel. The inner vessel of storage tanks in liquid hydrogen service shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section VIII, Division 1, of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and shall be vacuum jacketed in accordance with Section 3506.3.2.
3506.3.2 Construction of the vacuum jacket (outer vessel). The vacuum jacket used as an outer vessel for storage tanks in liquid hydrogen service shall be of welded steel construction designed to withstand the maximum internal and external pressure to which it will be subjected under operating conditions to include conditions of emergency pressure relief of the annular space between the inner and outer vessel. The jacket shall be designed to withstand a minimum collapsing pressure differential of 30 psi (207 kPa).
3506.3.2.1 Vacuum level monitoring. A connection shall be provided on the exterior of the vacuum jacket to allow measurement of the pressure within the annular space between the inner and outer vessel. The connection shall be fitted with a bellows-sealed or diaphragm-type valve equipped with a vacuum gauge tube that is shielded to protect against damage from impact.
3506.4 Underground tanks for liquid hydrogen. Underground tanks for the storage of liquid hydrogen shall be in accordance with Sections 3506.4.1 through 3506.4.8.3.
3506.4.1 Construction. Storage tanks for liquid hydrogen shall be designed and constructed in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (Section VIII, Division 1) and shall be vacuum jacketed in accordance with Section 3506.4.8.
3506.4.2 Location. Storage tanks shall be located outside in accordance with the following:
3506.4.3 Depth, cover and fill. The tank shall be buried such that the top of the vacuum jacket is covered with a minimum of 1 foot (305 mm) of earth and with concrete a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) thick placed over the earthen cover. The concrete shall extend a minimum of 1 foot (305 mm) horizontally beyond the footprint of the tank in all directions. Underground tanks shall be set on firm foundations constructed in accordance with the California Building Code and surrounded with at least 6 inches (152 mm) of noncorrosive inert material, such as sand.
Exception: The vertical extension of the vacuum jacket as required for service connections.
3506.4.4 Anchorage and security. Tanks and systems shall be secured against accidental dislodgement in accordance with this chapter.
3506.4.5 Venting of underground tanks. Vent pipes for underground storage tanks shall be in accordance with Sections 2209.5.4 and 3203.3.
3506.4.6 Underground liquid hydrogen piping. Underground liquid hydrogen piping shall be vacuum jacketed or protected by approved means and designed in accordance with Chapter 32.
3506.4.7 Overfill protection and prevention systems. An approved means or method shall be provided to prevent the overfill of all storage tanks.
3506.4.8 Vacuum jacket construction. The vacuum jacket shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section VIII of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and shall be designed to withstand the anticipated loading, including loading from vehicular traffic, where applicable.
465Portions of the vacuum jacket installed below grade shall be designed to withstand anticipated soil, seismic and hydrostatic loading.
3506.4.8.1 Material. The vacuum jacket shall be constructed of stainless steel or other approved corrosion-resistant material.
3506.4.8.2 Corrosion protection. The vacuum jacket shall be protected by approved or listed corrosion-resistant materials or an engineered cathodic protection system. Where cathodic protection is utilized, an approved maintenance schedule shall be established. Exposed components shall be inspected at least twice a year. Maintenance and inspection events shall be recorded and those records shall be maintained on the premises for a minimum of three years and made available to the fire code official upon request.
3506.4.8.3 Vacuum level monitoring. An approved method shall be provided to indicate loss of vacuum within the vacuum jacket(s).
3507.1 General requirements. The storage and use of metal hydride storage systems shall be in accordance with Sections 3501, 3503, 3504, 3505 and 3507. Those portions of the system that are used as a means to store or supply hydrogen shall also comply with Chapters 27 and 30, as applicable.
3507.1.1 Classification. The hazard classification of the metal hydride storage system, as required by Section 2701.2.2, shall be based on the hydrogen stored without regard to the metal hydride content.
3507.1.2 Listed or approved systems. Metal hydride storage systems shall be listed or approved for the application and designed in a manner that prevents that addition or removal of the metal hydride by other than the original equipment manufacturer.
3507.1.3 Containers, design and construction. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 3003.2.
3507.1.4 Service life and inspection of containers. Metal hydride storage system cylinders, containers or tanks shall be inspected, tested and requalified for service at not less than five-year intervals.
3507.1.5 Marking and labeling. Marking and labeling of cylinders, containers, tanks and systems shall be in accordance with Sections 3003.4 and 3507.1.5.1 through 3507.1.5.4.
3507.1.5.1 System marking. Metal hydride storage systems shall be marked with the following.
3507.1.5.2 Valve marking. Metal hydride storage system valves shall be marked with the following:
3507.1.5.3 Pressure relief device marking. Metal hydride storage system pressure relief devices shall be marked with the following:
3507.1.5.3.1 Pressure relief devices integral to container valves. The required markings for pressure relief devices that are integral components of valves used on cylinders, containers and tanks shall be allowed to be placed on the valve.
3507.1.5.4 Pressure vessel markings. Cylinders, containers and thanks used in metal hydride storage systems shall be marked with the following:
3507.1.6 Temperature extremes. Metal hydride storage systems, whether full or partially full, shall not be exposed to artificially created high temperatures exceeding 125°F (52°C) or subambient (low) temperatures unless designed for use under the exposed conditions.
3507.1.7 Falling objects. Metal hydride storage systems shall not be placed in areas where they are capable of being damaged by falling objects.
3507.1.8 Piping systems. Piping, including, tubing, valves, fittings and pressure regulators, serving metal hydride stor
466age systems, shall be maintained gas tight to prevent leakage.
3507.1.9 Refilling of containers. The refilling of listed or approved metal hydride storage systems shall be in accordance with the listing requirements and manufacturer’s instructions.
3507.1.9.1 Industrial trucks. The refilling of metal hydride storage systems serving powered industrial trucks shall be in accordance with Section 309.
3507.1.9.2 Hydrogen purity. The purity of hydrogen used for the purpose of refilling containers shall be in accordance with the listing and the manufacturer’s instructions.
3507.1.10 Electrical. Electrical components for metal hydride storage systems shall be designed, constructed and installed in accordance with NFPA 70.
3507.2 Portable containers or systems. Portable containers or systems shall comply with Section 3507.2.1 through 3507.2.2.
3507.2.1 Securing containers. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be secured in accordance with Section 3003.5.3.
3507.2.1.1 Use on mobile equipment. Where a metal hydride storage system is used on mobile equipment, the equipment shall be designed to restrain containers, cylinders or tanks from dislodgement, slipping or rotating when the equipment is in motion.
3507.2.1.2 Motorized equipment. Metal hydride storage systems used on motorized equipment, shall be installed in a manner that protects valves, pressure regulators, fittings and controls against accidental impact.
3507.2.2 Valves. Valves on containers, cylinders and tanks shall remain closed except when containers are connected to closed systems and ready for use.
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
3601.1 Scope. The storage and use of flammable solids shall be in accordance with this chapter.
3601.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
3602.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
FLAMMABLE SOLID. A solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive, that is capable of causing fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which has an ignition temperature below 212°F (100°C) or which burns so vigorously and persistently when ignited as to create a serious hazard. A chemical shall be considered a flammable solid as determined in accordance with the test method of CPSC 16 CFR; Part 1500.44, if it ignites and burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than 0.1 inch (2.5 mm) per second along its major axis.
MAGNESIUM The pure metal and alloys, of which the major part is magnesium.
3603.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of flammable solids in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area as indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 3601.
3603.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of flammable solids exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area as indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 and this chapter.
3604.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of flammable solids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1 (1) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2704 and this chapter.
3604.1.1 Pile size limits and location. Flammable solids stored in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) shall be separated into piles each not larger than 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3).
3604.1.2 Aisles. Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than the height of the piles or 4 feet (1219 mm), whichever is greater.
3604.1.3 Basement storage. Flammable solids shall not be stored in basements.
3604.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of flammable solids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1 (3) shall be in accordance with Section 2701, 2703, 2704 and this chapter. Outdoor storage of magnesium shall be in accordance with Section 3606.
3604.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor storage of flammable solids shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of a building, lot line, public street, public alley, public way or means of egress. A 2-hour fire barrier without openings or penetrations and extending 30 inches (762 mm) above and to the sides of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall either be an independent structure, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area.
3604.2.2 Pile size limits. Outdoor storage of flammable solids shall be separated into piles not larger than 5,000 cubic feet (141 m3)each Piles shall be separated by aisles with a minimum width of not less than one-half the pile height or 10 feet (3048 mm), whichever is greater.
3605.1 General. The use of flammable solids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) or 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2705 and this chapter. The use of magnesium shall be in accordance with Section 3606.
3606.1 General. Storage, use, handling and processing of magnesium, including the pure metal and alloys of which the major part is magnesium, shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 and Sections 3606.2 through 3606.5.8.
3606.2 Storage of magnesium articles. The storage of magnesium shall comply with Sections 3606.2.1 through 3606.4.3.
3606.2.1 Storage of greater than 50 cubic feet. Magnesium storage in quantities greater than 50 cubic feet (1.4 m3) shall be separated from storage of other materials that are either combustible or in combustible containers by aisles. Piles shall be separated by aisles with a minimum width of not less than the pile height.
4713606.2.2 Storage of greater than 1,000 cubic feet. Magnesium storage in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) shall be separated into piles not larger than 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) each. Piles shall be separated by aisles with a minimum width of not less than the piles height. Such storage shall not be located in nonsprinklered buildings of Type III, IV or V construction, as defined in the California Building Code.
3606.2.3 Storage in combustible containers or within 30 feet of other combustibles. Where in nonsprinklered buildings of Type III, IV or V construction, as defined in the California Building Code, magnesium shall not be stored in combustible containers or within 30 feet (9144 mm) of other combustibles.
3606.2.4 Storage in foundries and processing plants. The size of storage piles of magnesium articles in foundries and processing plants shall not exceed 1,250 cubic feet (25 m3) Piles shall be separated by aisles with a minimum width of not less than one-half the pile height.
3606.3 Storage of pigs, ingots and billets. The storage of magnesium pigs, ingots and billets shall comply with Sections 3606.3.1 and 3606.3.2.
3606.3.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of pigs, ingots and billets shall only be on floor of noncombustible construction. Piles shall not be larger than 500,000 pounds (226.8 metric tons) each. Piles shall be separated by aisles with a minimum width of not less than one-half the pile height.
3606.3.2 Outdoor Storage. Outdoor storage of magnesium pigs, ingots and billets shall be in piles not exceeding 1,000,000 pounds (453.6 metric tons)each. Piles shall be separated by aisles with a minimum width of not less than one-half the pile height. Piles shall be separated from combustible materials or buildings on the same or adjoining property by a distance of not less than the height of the nearest pile.
3606.4 Storage of fine magnesium scrap. The storage of scrap magnesium shall comply with Sections 3606.4.1 through 3606.4.3.
3606.4.1 Separation. Magnesium fines shall be kept separate from other combustible materials.
3606.4.2 Storage of 50 to 1,000 cubic feet. Storage of fine magnesium scrap in quantities greater than 50 cubic feet (1.4 m3) [six 55-gallon (2089 L) steel drums] shall be separated from other occupancies by an open space of at least 50 feet (15 240 mm) or by a fire barrier constructed in accordance with the California Building Code.
3606.4.3 Storage of greater than 1,000 cubic feet. Storage of fine magnesium scrap in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) shall be separated from all buildings other than those used for magnesium scrap recovery operations by a distance of not less than 100 feet (30 480 mm).
3606.5 Use of magnesium. The use of magnesium shall comply with Sections 3606.5.1 through 3606.5.8.
3606.5.1 Melting pots. Floors under and around melting pots shall be of noncombustible construction.
3606.5.2 Heat-treating ovens. Approved means shall be provided for control of magnesium fires in heat-treating ovens.
3606.5.3 Dust collection. Magnesium grinding, buffing and wire-brushing operations, other than rough finishing of castings, shall be provided with approved hoods or enclosures for dust collection which are connected to a liquid-precipitation type of separator that converts dust to sludge without contact (in a dry state) with any high-speed moving parts.
3606.5.3.1 Duct construction. Connecting ducts or suction tubes shall be completely grounded, as short as possible, and without bends. Ducts shall be fabricated and assembled with a smooth interior, with internal lap joints pointing in the direction of airflow and without unused capped side outlets, pockets or other dead-end spaces which allow an accumulation of dust.
3606.5.3.2 Independent dust separators. Each machine shall be equipped with an individual dust-separating unit.
Exceptions:
- One separator is allowed to serve two dust-producing units on multiunit machines.
- One separator is allowed to serve not more than four portable dust-producing units in a single enclosure or stand.
3606.5.4 Power supply interlock. Power supply to machines shall be interlocked with exhaust airflow, and liquid pressure level or flow. The interlock shall be designed to shut down the machine it serves when the dust removal or separator system is not operating properly.
3606.5.5 Electrical equipment. Electric wiring, fixtures and equipment in the immediate vicinity of and attached to dust-producing machines, including those used in connection with separator equipment, shall be of approved types and shall be approved for use in Class II, Division 1 hazardous locations in accordance with the California Electrical Code.
3606.5.6 Grounding. Equipment shall be securely grounded by permanent ground wires in accordance with the California Electrical Code.
3606.5.7 Fire-extinguishing materials. Fire-extinguishing materials shall be provided for every operator performing machining, grinding or other processing operation on magnesium as follows:
All extinguishing materials shall be approved for use on magnesium fires. Where extinguishing materials are stored in cabinets or other enclosed areas, the enclosures shall be openable without the use of a key or special knowledge.
4723606.5.8 Collection of chips, turnings and fines. Chips, turnings and other fine magnesium scrap shall be collected from the pans or spaces under machines and from other places where they collect at least once each working day. Such material shall be placed in a covered, vented steel container and removed to an approvedlocation.
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
3701.1 Scope. The storage and use of highly toxic and toxic materials shall comply with this chapter.Compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 30.
Exceptions:
- Display and storage in Group M and storage in Group S occupancies complying with Section 2703.11.
- Conditions involving pesticides or agricultural products as follows:
- Application and release of pesticide, agricultural products and materials intended for use in weed abatement, erosion control, soil amendment or similar applications when applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction and label directions.
- Transportation of pesticides in compliance with the Federal Hazardous Materials Transportation Act and regulations thereunder.
- Storage in dwellings or private garages of pesticides registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to be utilized in and around the home, garden, pool, spa and patio.
3701.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
3702.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
CONTAINMENT SYSTEM. A gas-tight recovery system comprised of equipment or devices which can be placed over a leak in a compressed gas container, thereby stopping or controlling the escape of gas from the leaking container.
CONTAINMENT VESSEL. A gas-tight recovery vessel designed so that a leaking compressed gas container can be placed within its confines thereby, encapsulating the leaking container.
EXCESS FLOW VALVE. A valve inserted into a compressed gas cylinder, portable tank or stationary tank that is designed to positively shut off the flow of gas in the event that its predetermined flow is exceeded.
HIGHLY TOXIC. A material which produces a lethal dose or lethal concentration which falls within any of the following categories:
Mixtures of these materials with ordinary materials, such as water, might not warrant classification as highly toxic. While this system is basically simple in application, any hazard evaluation that is required for the precise categorization of this type of material shall be performed by experienced, technically competent persons.
OZONE-GAS GENERATOR. Equipment which causes the production of ozone.
PHYSIOLOGICAL WARNING THRESHOLD LEVEL. A concentration of air-borne contaminants, normally expressed in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3), that represents the concentration at which persons can sense the presence of the contaminant due to odor, irritation or other quick-acting physiological responses. When used in conjunction with the permissible exposure limit (PEL), the physiological warning threshold levels are those consistent with the classification system used to establish the PEL. See the definition of “Permissible exposure limit (PEL)’ in Section 2702.
REDUCED FLOW VALVE. A valve equipped with a restricted flow orifice and inserted into a compressed gas cylinder, portable tank or stationary tank that is designed to reduce the maximum flow from the valve under full-flow conditions. The maximum flow rate from the value is determined with the valve allowed to flow to atmosphere with no other piping or fittings attached.
TOXIC. A chemical falling within any of the following categories:
3703.1 Indoor storage and use. The indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic materials shall comply with Sections 3703.1.1 through 3703.1.5.3.
3703.1.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic solids or liquids in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 3701.
3703.1.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic solids or liquids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 2703.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 3701, 3703.1.3 through 3703.1.5.3 and Chapter 27.
3703.1.3 Treatment system—highly toxic liquids. Exhaust scrubbers or other systems for processing vapors of highly toxic liquids shall be provided where a spill or accidental release of such liquids can be expected to release highly toxic vapors at normal temperature and pressure. Treatment systems and other processing systems shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
3703.1.4 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of highly toxic and toxic solids and liquids shall comply with Sections 3703.1.4.1 and 3703.1.4.2.
3703.1.4.1 Floors. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 2704.12, floors of storage areas shall be of liquid-tight construction.
3703.1.4.2 Separation—highly toxic solids and liquids. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 2703.9.8, highly toxic solids and liquids in storage shall be located in approved hazardous material storage cabinets or isolated from other hazardous material storage by construction in accordance with the California Building Code.
3703.1.5 Indoor use. Indoor use of highly toxic and toxic solids and liquids shall comply with Sections 3703.1.5.1 through 3703.1.5.3.
3703.1.5.1 Liquid transfer. Highly toxic and toxic liquids shall be transferred in accordance with Section 2705.1.10.
3703.1.5.2 Exhaust ventilation for open systems. Mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided for highly toxic and toxic liquids used in open systems in accordance with Section 2705.2.1.1.
Exception: Liquids or solids that do not generate highly toxic or toxic fumes, mists or vapors.
3703.1.5.3 Exhaust ventilation for closed systems. Mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided for highly toxic and toxic liquids used in closed systems in accordance with Section 2705.2.2.1.
Exception: Liquids or solids that do not generate highly toxic or toxic fumes, mists or vapors.
3703.2 Outdoor storage and use. Outdoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic materials shall comply with Sections 3703.2.1 through 3703.2.6.
3703.2.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The outdoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic solids or liquids in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 3701.
3703.2.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The outdoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic solids or liquids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 3701 and 3703.2 and Chapter 27.
3703.2.3 General outdoor requirements. The general requirements applicable to the outdoor storage of highly toxic or toxic solids and liquids shall be in accordance with Sections 3703.2.3.1 and 3703.2.3.2.
3703.2.3.1 Location. Outdoor storage or use of highly toxic or toxic solids and liquids shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of lot lines, public streets, public alleys, public ways, exit discharges or exterior wall openings. A 2-hour fire barrier wall without openings or penetrations extending not less than 30 inches (762 mm) above and to the sides of the storage is allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall either be an independent structure, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area.
3703.2.3.2 Treatment system—highly toxic liquids. Exhaust scrubbers or other systems for processing vapors of highly toxic liquid shall be provided where a spill or accidental release of such liquids can be expected to release highly toxic vapors at normal temperature and pressure(NTP). Treatment systems and other processing systems shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
3703.2.4 Outdoor storage piles. Outdoor storage piles of highly toxic and toxic solids and liquids shall be separated into piles not larger than 2,500 cubic feet (71 m3). Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than one-half the height of the pile or 10 feet (3048 mm), whichever is greater.
3703.2.5 Weather protection for highly toxic liquids and solids—outdoor storage or use. Where overhead weather protection is provided for outdoor storage or use of highly
478toxic liquids or solids, and the weather protection is attached to a building, the storage or use area shall either be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, or storage or use vessels shall be fire resistive. Weather protection shall be provided in accordance with Section 2704.13 for storage and Section 2705.3.9 for use.
3703.2.6 Outdoor liquid transfer. Highly toxic and toxic liquids shall be transferred in accordance with Section 2705.1.10.
3704.1 General. The storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall comply with this section.
3704.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storage and use by occupancy. The indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases in certain occupancies shall be subject to the limitations contained in Sections 3704.1.1.1 through 3704.1.1.3.
3704.1.1.1 Group A, E, I or U occupancies. Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used within Group A, E, I or U occupancies.
Exception: Cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet (0.566 m3) at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) are allowed within gas cabinets or fume hoods.
3704.1.1.2 Group R occupancies. Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used in Group R occupancies.
3704.1.1.3 Offices, retail sales and classrooms. Toxic and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used in offices, retail sales or classroom portions of Group B, F, M or S occupancies.
Exception: In classrooms of Group B occupancies, cylinders with a capacity not exceeding 20 cubic feet (0.566 m3) at NTP are allowed in gas cabinets or fume hoods.
3704.1.2 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets containing highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall comply with Section 2703.8.6 and the following requirements:
3704.1.3 Exhausted enclosures. Exhausted enclosures containing highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall comply with Section 2703.8.5 and the following requirements:
3704.2 Indoor storage and use. The indoor storage and use of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 3704.2.1 through 3704.2.2.10.3.
3704.2.1 Applicability. The applicability of regulations governing the indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be as set forth in Sections 3704.2.1.1 through 3704.2.1.3.
3704.2.1.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 2703.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 3701 and 3704.1.
3704.2.1.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 2703.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 3701, 3704.1, 3704.2 and Chapter 27.
3704.2.1.3 Ozone gas generators. The indoor use of ozone gas-generating equipment shall be in accordance with Section 3705.
3704.2.2 General indoor requirements. The general requirements applicable to the indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 3704.2.2.1 through 3704.2.2.10.3.
3704.2.2.1 Cylinder and tank location. Cylinders shall be located within gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or gas rooms. Portable and stationary tanks shall be located within gas rooms or exhausted enclosures.
3704.2.2.2 Ventilated areas. The room or area in which gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures are located shall be provided with exhaust ventilation. Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall not be used as the sole means of exhaust for any room or area.
4793704.2.2.3 Leaking cylinders and tanks. One or more gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall be provided to handle leaking cylinders, containers or tanks.
Exceptions:
- Where cylinders, containers or tanks are located within gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures.
- Where approved containment vessels or containment systems are provided in accordance with all of the following:
- Containment vessels or containment systems shall be capable of fully containing or terminating a release.
- Trained personnel shall be available at an approved location.
- Containment vessels or containment systems shall be capable of being transported to the leaking cylinder, container or tank.
3704.2.2.3.1 Location. Gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures shall be located in gas rooms and connected to an exhaust system.
3704.2.2.4 Local exhaust for portable tanks. A means of local exhaust shall be provided to capture leaks from portable tanks. The local exhaust shall consist of portable ducts or collection systems designed to be applied to the site of a leak in a valve or fitting on the tank. The local exhaust system shall be located in a gas room. Exhaust shall be directed to a treatment system in accordance with Section 3704.2.2.7.
3704.2.2.5 Piping and controls—stationary tanks. In addition to the requirements of Section 2703.2.2, piping and controls on stationary tanks shall comply with the following requirements:
Exception: Pressure relief devices on outdoor tanks provided exclusively for relieving pressure due to fire exposure are not required to be vented to a treatment system provided that:
- The material in the tank is not flammable.
- The tank is not located in a diked area with other tanks containing combustible materials.
- The tank is located not less than 30 feet (9144 mm) from combustible materials or structures or is shielded by a fire barrier complying with Section 3704.3.2.1.1.
Exceptions:
- Inlet connections designed to prevent backflow.
- Pressure relief devices.
3704.2.2.6 Gas rooms. Gas rooms shall comply with Section 2703.8.4 and both of the following requirements:
3704.2.2.7 Treatment systems. The exhaust ventilation from gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and gas rooms, and local exhaust systems required in Sections 3704.2.2.4 and 3704.2.2.5 shall be directed to a treatment system. The treatment system shall be utilized to handle the accidental release of gas and to process exhaust ventilation. The treatment system shall be designed in accordance with Sections 3704.2.2.7.1 through 3704.2.2.7.5 and Chapter 5 of the California Mechanical Code.
480Exceptions:
- Highly toxic and toxic gases—storage. A treatment system is not required for cylinders, containers and tanks in storage when all of the following controls are provided:
- Valve outlets are equipped with gastight outlet plugs or caps.
- Handwheel-operated valves have handles secured to prevent movement.
- Approved containment vessels or containment systems are provided in accordance with Section 3704.2.2.3.
- Toxic gases—use. Treatment systems are not required for toxic gases supplied by cylinders or portable tanks not exceeding 1,700 pounds (772 kg) water capacity when the following are provided:
- A listed or approved gas detection system with a sensing interval not exceeding 5 minutes.
- A listed or approved automatic–closing fail-safe valve located immediately adjacent to cylinder valves. The fail-safe valve shall close when gas is detected at the permissible exposure limit (PEL) by a gas detection system monitoring the exhaust system at the point of discharge from the gas cabinet, exhausted enclosure, ventilated enclosure or gas room. The gas detection system shall comply with Section 3704.2.2.10.
3704.2.2.7.1 Design. Treatment systems shall be capable of diluting, adsorbing, absorbing, containing, neutralizing, burning or otherwise processing the neutralizing, burning or otherwise processing the contents of the largest single vessel of compressed gas. Where a total containment system is used, the system shall be designed to handle the maximum anticipated pressure of release to the system when it reaches equilibrium.
3704.2.2.7.2 Performance. Treatment systems shall be designed to reduce the maximum allowable discharge concentrations of the gas to one-half immediate by dangerous to life and health (IDLH) at the point of discharge to the atmosphere. Where more than one gas is emitted to the treatment system, the treatment system shall be designed to handle the worst-case release based on the release rate, the quantity and the IDLH for all compressed gases stored or used.
3704.2.2.7.3 Sizing. Treatment systems shall be sized to process the maximum worst-case release of gas based on the maximum flow rate of release from the largest vessel utilized. The entire contents of the largest compressed gas vessel shall be considered.
3704.2.2.7.4 Stationary tanks. Stationary tanks shall be labeled with the maximum rate of release for the compressed gas contained based on valves or fittings that are inserted directly into the tank. Where multiple valves or fittings are provided, the maximum flow rate of release for valves or fittings with the highest flow rate shall be indicated. Where liquefied compressed gases are in contact with valves or fittings, the liquid flow rate shall be utilized for computation purposes. Flow rates indicated on the label shall be converted to cubic feet per minute (ft3/min) (m3/s) of gas at normal temperature and pressure (NTP).
3704.2.2.7.5 Portable tanks and cylinders. The maximum flow rate of release for portable tanks and cylinders shall be calculated based on the total release from the cylinder or tank within the time specified in Table 3704.2.2.7.5. When portable tanks or cylinders are equipped with approved excess flow or reduced flow valves, the worst-case release shall be determined by the maximum achievable flow from the valve as determined by the valve manufacturer or compressed gas supplier. Reduced flow and excess flow valves shall be permanently marked by the valve manufacturer to indicate the maximum design flow rate. Such markings shall indicate the flow rate for air under normal temperature and pressure.
3704.2.2.8 Emergency power. Emergency power in accordance with the Section 604 and the California Electrical Code shall be provided in lieu of standby power where any of the following systems are required:
Exception: Emergency power is not required for mechanical exhaust ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems where approved fail-safe engineered systems are installed.
VESSEL TYPE | NONLIQUEFIED (minutes) | LIQUEFIED (minutes) |
---|---|---|
Containers | 5 | 30 |
Portable tanks | 40 | 240 |
3704.2.2.9 Automatic fire detection system—highly toxic compressed gases. An approved automatic fire detection system shall be installed in rooms or areas where highly toxic compressed gases are stored or used. Activation of the detection system shall sound a local alarm. The fire detection system shall comply with Section 907.
3704.2.2.10 Gas detection system. A gas detection system shall be provided to detect the presence of gas at or below the PEL or ceiling limit of the gas for which detection is provided. The system shall be capable of monitoring the discharge from the treatment system at or below one-half the IDLH limit.
Exception: A gas detection system is not required for toxic gases when the physiological warning threshold level for the gas is at a level below the accepted PEL for the gas.
3704.2.2.10.1 Alarms. The gas detection system shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to a constantly attended control station when a short-term hazard condition is detected. The alarm shall be both visual and audible and shall provide warning both inside and outside the area where gas is detected. The audible alarm shall be distinct from all other alarms.
Exception: Signal transmission to a constantly attended control station is not required where not more than one cylinder of highly toxic or toxic gas is stored.
3704.2.2.10.2 Shut off of gas supply. The gas-detection system shall automatically close the shutoff valve at the source on gas supply piping and tubing related to the system being monitored for whichever gas is detected.
Exception: Automatic shutdown is not required for reactors utilized for the production of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases where such reactors are:
3704.2.2.10.3 Valve closure. Automatic closure of shutoff valves shall be in accordance with the following:
Exception: When the gas-detection sampling point initiating the gas-detection system alarm is at a use location or within a gas valve enclosure of a branch line downstream of a piping distribution manifold, the shutoff valve in the gas valve enclosure for the branch line located in the piping distribution manifold enclosure shall automatically close.
3704.3 Outdoor storage and use. The outdoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 3704.3.1 through 3704.3.4.
3704.3.1 Applicability. The applicability of regulations governing the outdoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be as set forth in Sections 3704.3.1.1 through 3704.3.1.3.
3704.3.1.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The outdoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 3701.
3704.3.1.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The outdoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 3701 and 3704.3 and Chapter 27.
3704.3.1.3 Ozone gas generators. The outdoor use of ozone gas-generating equipment shall be in accordance with Section 3705.
3704.3.2 General outdoor requirements. The general requirements applicable to the outdoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 3704.3.2.1 through 3704.3.2.4.
3704.3.2.1 Location. Outdoor storage or use of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall be located in accordance with Sections 3704.3.2.1.1 through 3704.3.2.1.3.
Exception: Compressed gases located in gas cabinets complying with Sections 2703.8.6 and 3704.1.2 and located 5 feet (1524 mm) or more from buildings and 25 feet (7620 mm) or more from an exit discharge.
3704.3.2.1.1 Distance limitation to exposures. Outdoor storage or use of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall not be located within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of a lot line, public street, public alley, public way, exit discharge or building not associated with the manufacture or distribution of such gases, unless all of the following conditions are met:
3704.3.2.1.2 Openings in exposed buildings. Where the storage or use area is located closer than 75 feet (22 860 mm) to a building not associated with the manufacture or distribution of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases, openings into a building other than for piping are not allowed above the height of the top of the 2-hour fire barrier or within 50 feet (15 240 mm) horizontally from the storage area whether or not shielded by a fire barrier.
3704.3.2.1.3 Air intakes. The storage or use area shall not be located within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of air intakes.
3704.3.2.2 Leaking cylinders and tanks. The requirements of Section 3704.2.2.3 shall apply to outdoor cylinders and tanks. Gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures shall be located within or immediately adjacent to outdoor storage or use areas.
3704.3.2.3 Local exhaust for portable tanks. Local exhaust for outdoor portable tanks shall be provided in accordance with the requirements set forth in Section 3704.2.2.4.
3704.3.2.4 Piping and controls—stationery tanks. Piping and controls for outdoor stationary tanks shall be in accordance with the requirements set forth in Section 3704.2.2.5.
3704.3.3 Outdoor storage weather protection for portable tanks and cylinders. Weather protection in accordance with Section 2704.13 shall be provided for portable tanks and cylinders located outdoors and not within gas cabinets
482or exhausted enclosures. The storage area shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Exception: An automatic sprinkler system is not required when:
- All materials under the weather protection structure, including hazardous materials and the containers in which they are stored, are noncombustible.
- The weather protection structure is located not less than 30 feet (9144 mm) from combustible materials or structures or is separated from such materials or structures using a fire barrier complying with Section 3704.3.2.1.1.
3704.3.4 Outdoor use of cylinders, containers and portable tanks. Cylinders, containers and portable tanks in outdoor use shall be located in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures and shall comply with Sections 3704.3.4.1 through 3704.3.4.3.
3704.3.4.1 Treatment systems. The treatment system requirements set forth in Section 3704.2.2.7 shall apply to highly toxic or toxic gases located outdoors.
3704.3.4.2 Emergency power. The requirements for emergency power set forth in Section 3704.2.2.8 shall apply to highly toxic or toxic gases located outdoors.
3704.3.4.3 Gas detection system. The gas detection system requirements set forth in Section 3704.2.2.10 shall apply to highly toxic or toxic gases located outdoors.
3705.1 Scope. Ozone gas generators having a maximum ozone-generating capacity of 0.5 pound (0.23 kg) or more over a 24-hour period shall be in accordance with Sections 3705.2 through 3705.6.
Exceptions:
- Ozone-generating equipment used in Group R-3 occupancies.
- Ozone-generating equipment when used in Group H-5 occupancies when in compliance with Chapters 18 and 27 and the other provisions in Chapter 37 for highly toxic gases.
3705.2 Design. Ozone gas generators shall be designed, fabricated and tested in accordance with NEMA 250.
3705.3 Location. Ozone generators shall be located in approved cabinets or ozone generator rooms in accordance with Section 3705.3.1 or 3705.3.2.
Exception: An ozone gas generator within an approved pressure vessel when located outside of buildings.
3705.3.1 Cabinets. Ozone cabinets shall be constructed of approved materials and compatible with ozone. Cabinets shall display an approved sign stating: OZONE GAS GENERATOR—HIGHLY TOXIC—OXIDIZER.
Cabinets shall be braced for seismic activity in accordance with the California Building Code.
Cabinets shall be mechanically ventilated in accordance with the California Mechanical Code with a minimum of six air changes per hour.
The average velocity of ventilation at makeup air openings with cabinet doors closed shall not be less than 200 feet per minute (1.02 m/s).
3705.3.2 Ozone gas generator rooms. Ozone gas generator rooms shall be mechanically ventilated in accordance with the California Mechanical Code with a minimum of six air changes per hour. Ozone gas generator rooms shall be equipped with a continuous gas detection system which will shut off the generator and sound a local alarm when concentrations above the permissible exposure limit occur.
Ozone gas-generator rooms shall not be normally occupied, and such rooms shall be kept free of combustible and hazardous material storage. Room access doors shall display an approved sign stating: OZONE GAS GENERATOR—HIGHLY TOXIC—OXIDIZER.
3705.4 Piping, valves and fittings. Piping, valves, fittings and related components used to convey ozone shall be in accordance with Sections 3705.4.1 through 3705.4.3.
3705.4.1 Piping. Piping shall be welded stainless steel piping or tubing.
Exceptions:
- Double-walled piping.
- Piping, valves, fittings and related components located in exhausted enclosures.
3705.4.2 Materials. Materials shall be compatible with ozone and shall be rated for the design operating pressures.
3705.4.3 Identification. Piping shall be identified with the following:OZONEGAS—HIGHLY TOXIC—OXIDIZER.
3705.5 Automatic shutdown. Ozone gas generators shall be designed to shut down automatically under the following conditions:
3705.6 Manual shutdown. Manual shutdown controls shall be provided at the generator and, where in a room, within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the main exit or exit access door.
483 484Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
3801.1 Scope. Storage, handling and transportation of liquefied petroleum gas (LP-gas) and the installation of LP-gas equipment pertinent to systems for such uses shall comply with this chapter and NFPA 58. Properties of LP-gases shall be determined in accordance with Appendix B of NFPA 58.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.22(a) and (c)] Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
3801.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.6 and 105.7.
Distributors shall not fill an LP-gas container for which a permit is required unless a permit for installation has been issued for that location by the fire code official.
3801.3 Construction documents. Where a single LP-gas container is more than 2,000 gallons (7570 L) in water capacity or the aggregate water capacity of LP-gas containers is more than 4,000 gallons (15 140 L), the installer shall submit construction documents for such installation.
3802.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LP-gas). A material which is composed predominantly of the following hydrocarbons or mixtures of them: propane, propylene, butane (normal butane or isobutane) and butylenes.
LP-GAS CONTAINER. Any vessel, including cylinders, tanks, portable tanks and cargo tanks, used for transporting or storing LP-gases.
3803.1 General. LP-gas equipment shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code and NFPA 58, except as otherwise provided in this chapter.
3803.2 Use of LP-gas containers in buildings. The use of LP-gas containers in buildings shall be in accordance with Sections 3803.2.1 and 3803.2.2.
3803.2.1 Portable containers. Portable LP-gas containers, as defined in NFPA 58, shall not be used in buildings except as specified in NFPA 58 and Sections 3803.2.1.1 through 3803.2.1.7.
3803.2.1.1 Use in basement, pit or similar location. LP-gas containers shall not be used in a basement, pit or similar location where heavier-than-air gas might collect. LP-gas containers shall not be used in an above-grade underfloor space or basement unless such location is provided with an approved means of ventilation.
Exception: Use with self-contained torch assemblied in accordance with Section 3803.2.1.6.
3803.2.1.2 Construction and temporary heating. Portable LP-gas containers are allowed to be used in buildings or areas of buildings undergoing construction or for temporary heating as set forth in Sections 6.19.4, 6.19.5 and 6.19.8 of NFPA 58.
3803.2.1.3 Group F occupancies. In Group Foccupancies, portable LP-gas containers are allowed to be used to supply quantities necessary for processing, research or experimentation. Where manifolded, the aggregate water capacity of such containers shall not exceed 735 pounds (334 kg) per manifold. Where multiple manifolds of such containers are present in the same room, each manifold shall be separated from other manifolds by a distance of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm).
3803.2.1.4 Group E and I occupancies. In Group E and I occupancies, portable LP-gas containers are allowed to be used for research and experimentation. Such containers shall not be used in classrooms. Such containers shall not exceed a 50-pound (23 kg) water capacity in occupancies used for educational purposes and shall not exceed a 12-pound (5 kg) water capacity in occupancies used for institutional purposes. Where more than one such container is present in the same room, each container shall be separated from other containers by a distance of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm).
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.22(b)] Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
(b)All liquefied petroleum gas tanks located in school yards shall be surrounded by a rugged steel fence or equivalent. Tanks in other occupancies shall also be so protected if in the opinion of the enforcement agency such protection is needed to prevent unauthorized tampering. The fence shall be at least 6 feet (1829 mm) in height and, if it completely surrounds the tank, shall be located a minimum of 3 feet (914 mm) from the tanks. Fenced areas shall be locked when unattended.
LP-GAS CONTAINER CAPACITY (water gallons) | MINIMUM SEPARATION BETWEEN LP-GAS CONTAINERS AND BUILDINGS, PUBLIC WAYS OR LOT LINES OF ADJOINING PROPERTY THAT CAN BE BUILT UPON | MINIMUM SEPARATION BETWEEN LP-GAS CONTAINERSb,c(feet) | |
---|---|---|---|
Mounded or underground LP-gas containersa(feet) | Above-ground LP-gas containersb(feet) | ||
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. | |||
a. Minimum distance for underground LP-gas containers shall be measured from the pressure relief device and the filling of liquid-level connection at the container, except that all parts of an underground LP-gas container shall be 10 feet or more from a building or lot line of adjoining property which can be built upon | |||
b. For other than installations in which the overhanging structure is 50 feet or more above the relief-valve discharge outlet. In applying the distance between buildings and ASME LP-gas containers with a water capacity of 125 gallons or more, a minimum of 50 percent of this horizontal distance shall also apply to all portions of the building which project more than 5 feet from the building wall and which are higher than the relief valve discharged outlet. This horizontal distance shall be measured from a point determined by projecting the outside edge of such overhanging structure vertically downward to grade or other level upon which the LP-gas container is installed. Distances to the building wall shall not be less than those prescribed in this table. | |||
c. When underground multicontainer installations are comprised of individual LP-gas containers having a water capacity of 125 gallons or more , such containers shall be installed so as to provide access at their ends or sides to facilitate working with cranes or hoists. | |||
d. At a consumer site, if the aggregate water capacity of a multicontainer installation, comprised of individual LP-gas containers having a water capacity of less than 125 gallons, is 500 gallons or more, the minimum distance shall comply with the appropriate portion of Table 3804.3, applying the aggregate capacity rather than the capacity per LP-gas container. If more than one such installation is made, each installation shall be separated from other installations by at least 25 feet. Minimum distances between LP-gas containers need not be applied. | |||
e. The following shall apply to above-ground containers installed alongside buildings: | |||
1. LP-gas containers of less than a 125-gallon water capacity are allowed next to the building they serve when in compliance with Items 2,3 and 4. | |||
2. Department of Transportation (DOTn) specification LP-Gas containers shall be located and installed so that the discharge from the container pressure relief device is at least 3 feet horizontally from building openings below the level of such discharge and shall not be beneath buildings unless the space is well ventilated to the outside and is not enclosed for more than 50 percent of its perimeter. The discharge from LP-gas container pressure relief devices shall be located not less than 5 feet from exterior sources of ignition, openings into direct-vent (sealed combustion system) appliances or mechanical ventilation air intakes. | |||
3. ASME LP-gas containers of less than a 125-gallon water capacity shall be located and installed such that the discharge from pressure relief devices shall not terminate in or beneath buildings and shall be located at least 5 feet horizontally from building openings below the level of such discharge and not less than 5 feet from exterior sources of ignition, openings into direct vent (sealed combustion system) appliances, or mechanical ventilation air intakes. | |||
4. The filling connection and the vent from liquid-level gauges on either DOTn or ASME LP-gas containers filled at the point of installation shall not be less than 10 feet from exterior sources of ignition, openings into direct vent (sealed combustion system) appliances or mechanical ventilation air intakes. | |||
f. This distance is allowed to be reduced to not less than 10 feet for a single LP-gas container of 1,200-gallon water capacity or less, provided such containers is at least 25 feet from other LP-gas containers of more than 125-gallon water capacity. | |||
Less than 125c,d | 10 | 5e | None |
125 to 250 | 10 | 10 | None |
251 to 500 | 10 | 10 | 3 |
501 to 2,000 | 10 | 25e,f | 3 |
2,001 to 30,000 | 50 | 50 | 5 |
30,001 to 70,000 | 50 | 75 | (0.25 of sum of diameters of adjacent LP-gas containers) |
70,001 to 90,000 | 50 | 100 | |
90,001 to 120,000 | 50 | 125 |
3803.2.1.5 Demonstration uses. Portable LP-gas containers are allowed to be used temporarily for demonstrations and public exhibitions. Such containers shall not exceed a water capacity of 12 pounds (5 kg). Where more than one such container is present in the same room, each container shall be separated from other containers by a distance of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm).
3803.2.1.6 Use with self-contained torch assemblies. Portable LP-gas containers are allowed to be used to supply approved self-contained torch assemblies or similar appliances. Such containers shall not exceed a water capacity of 2½ pounds (1 kg).
3803.2.1.7 Use for food preparation. Where approved, listed LP-gas commercial food service appliances are allowed to be used for food-preparation within restaurants and in attended commercial food-catering operations in accordance with the California Mechanical Code and NFPA 58.
3803.2.2 Industrial vehicles and floor maintenance machines. LP-gas containers on industrial vehicles and floor maintenance machines shall comply with Sections 11.12 and 11.13 of NFPA 58.
3803.3 Location of equipment and piping. Equipment and piping shall not be installed in locations where such equipment and piping is prohibited by the California Mechanical Code.
4883804.1 General. The storage and handling of LP-gas and the installation and maintenance of related equipment shall comply with NFPA 58 and be subject to the approval of the fire code official, except as provided in this chapter.
3804.2 Maximum capacity within established limits. Within the limits established by law restricting the storage of liquefied petroleum gas for the protection of heavily populated or congested areas, the aggregate capacity of any one installation shall not exceed a water capacity of 2,000 gallons (7570 L) (see Section 3 of the Sample Ordinance for Adoption of the California Fire Code on page v).
Exception: In particular installations, this capacity limit shall be determined by the fire code official, after consideration of special features such as topographical conditions, nature of occupancy, and proximilty to buildings, capacity of proposed LP-gas containers, degree of fire protection to be provided and capabilities of the local fire department.
3804.3 Container location. LP-gas containers shall be located with respect to buildings, public ways not lot lines of adjoining property that can be built upon, in accordance with Table 3804.3.
3804.3.1 Special hazards. LP-gas containers shall also be located with respect to special hazards including, but not limited to, above-ground flammable or combustible liquid tanks, oxygen or gaseous hydrogen containers, flooding or electric power lines as specified in Section 6.4.5 of NFPA 58.
3804.4 Multiple LP-gas container installations. Multiple LP-gas container installations with a total water storage capacity of more than 180,000 gallons (681 300 L) [150,000-gallon (567 750 L) LP-gas capacity] shall be subdivided into groups containing not more than 180,000 gallons (681 300 L) in each group. Such groups shall be separated by a distance of not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm), unless the containers are protected in accordance with one of the following:
Where one of these forms of protection is provided, the separation shall not be less than 25 feet (7620 mm ) between LP-gas container groups.
3805.1 Nonapproved equipment. LP-gas shall not be used for the purpose of operating devices or equipment unless such devices or equipment is approved for use with LP-gas.
3805.2 Release to the atmosphere. LP-gas shall not be released to the atmosphere, except through an approved liquid-level gauge or other approved device.
3806.1 Attendants. Dispensing of LP-gas shall be performed by a qualified attendant.
3806.2 Overfilling. LP-gas containers shall not be filled or maintained with LP-gas in excess of either the volume determined using the fixed liquid-level gauge installed by the manufacturer or the weight determined by the required percentage of the water capacity marked on the container. Portable LP-gas containers shall not be refilled unless equipped with an overfilling prevention device (OPD) where required by Section 5.7.3 of NFPA 58.
3806.3 Dispensing locations. The point of transfer of LP-gas from one LP-gas container to another shall be separated from exposures as specified in NFPA 58.
3807.1 Safety devices. Safety devices on LP-gas containers, equipment and systems shall not be tampered with or made ineffective.
3807.2 Smoking and other sources of ignition. “No Smoking” signs complying with Section 310 shall be posted when required by the fire code official. Smoking within 25 feet (7620 mm) of a point of transfer, while filling operations are in progress at LP-gas containers or vehicles, shall be prohibited.
Control of other sources of ignition shall comply with Chapter 3 of this code and Section 6.22 of NFPA 58.
3807.3 Clearance to combustibles. Weeds, grass, brush, trash and other combustible materials shall be kept a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from LP-gas tanks or containers.
3807.4 Protecting containers from vehicles. Where exposed to vehicular damage due to proximity to alleys, driveways or parking areas, LP-gas containers, regulators and piping shall be protected in accordance with Section 312.
3808.1 General. Fire protection shall be provided for installations having LP-gas storage containers with a water capacity of more than 4,000 gallons (15 140 L), as required by Section 6.25 of NFPA 58.
3808.2 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers complying with Section 906 shall be provided as specified in NFPA 58.
4893809.1 General. Storage of portable LP-gas containers of 1,000 pounds (454 kg) or less, whether filled, partially filled or empty, at consumer sites or distribution points, and for resale by dealers or resellers shall comply with Sections 3809.2 through 3809.14.
Exceptions:
- LP-gas containers that have not previously been in LP-gas service.
- LP-gas containers at distribution plants.
- LP-gas containers at consumer sites or distribution points, which are connected for use.
3809.2 Exposure hazards. LP-gas containers in storage shall be located in a manner that minimizes exposure to excessive temperature rise, physical damage or tampering.
3809.3 Position. LP-gas containers in storage having individual water capacity greater than 2½ pounds (1 kg) [nominal 1-pound (0.454 kg) LP-gas capacity] shall be positioned with the pressure relief valve in direct communication with the vapor space of the container.
3809.4 Separation from means of egress. LP-gas containers stored in buildings in accordance with Sections 3809.9 and 3809.11 shall not be located near exit access doors, exits, stairways or in areas normally used, or intended to be used, as a means of egress.
3809.5 Quantity. Empty LP-gas containers that have been in LP-gas service shall be considered as full containers for the purpose of determining the maximum quantities of LP-gas allowed in Sections 3809.9 and 3809.11.
3809.6 Storage on roofs. LP-gas containers that are not connected for use shall not be stored on roofs.
3809.7 Storage in basement, pit or similar location. LP-gas containers shall not be stored in a basement, pit or similar location where heavier-than-air gas might collect. LP-gas containers shall not be stored in above-grade underfloor spaces or basements unless such location is provided with an approved means of ventilation.
Exception: Department of Transportation (DOTn) specification cylinders with a maximum water capacity of ½ pounds (1 kg) for use in completely self-contained hand torches and similar applications. The quantity of LP-gas shall not exceed 20 pounds (9 kg)
3809.8 Protection of valves on LP-gas containers in storage. LP-gas container valves shall be protected by screw-on-type caps or collars which shall be securely in place on all containers stored regardless of whether they are full, partially full or empty, Container outlet valves shall be closed or plugged.
3809.9 Storage within buildings accessible to the public. Department of Transportation (DOTn) specification cylinders with maximum water capacity of 2½ pounds (1 kg) used in completely self-contained hand torches and similar applications are allowed to be stored or displayed in a building accessible to the public. The quantity of LP-gas shall not exceed 200 pounds (91 kg) except as provided in Section 3809.11.
3809.10 Storage within buildings not accessible to the public. The maximum quantity allowed in one storage location in buildings not accessible to the public, such as industrial buildings, shall not exceed a water capacity of 735 pounds (334 kg) [nominal 300 pounds (136 kg) of LP-gas]. Where additional storage locations are required on the same floor within the same building, they shall be separated by a minimum of 300 feet (91 440 mm). Storage beyond these limitations shall comply with Section 3809.11.
3809.10.1 Quantities on equipment and vehicles. LP-gas containers carried as part of service equipment on highway mobile vehicles need not be considered in the total storage capacity in Section 3809.10, provided such vehicles are stored in private garages and do not carry more than three LP-gas containers with a total aggregate LP-gas capacity not exceeding 100 pounds (45. 4 kg) per vehicle. LP-gas container valves shall be closed.
3809.11 Storage within rooms used for gas manufacturing. Storage within buildings or rooms used for gas manufacturing, gas storage, gas-air mixing and vaporization, and compressors not associated with liquid transfer shall comply with Sections 3809.11.1 and 3809.11.2.
3809.11.1 Quantity limits. The maximum quantity of LP-gas shall be 10,000 pounds (4540 kg).
3809.11.2 Constructions. The construction of such buildings and rooms shall comply with requirements for Group H occupancies in the California Building Code, Chapter 10 of NFPA 58 and both of the following:
3809.12 Location of storage outside of building. Storage outside of buildings of LP-gas containers awaiting use, resale or part of a cylinder exchange program shall be located in accordance with Table 3809.12.
3809.13 Protection of containers. LP-gas containers shall be stored within a suitable enclosure or otherwise protected against tampering. Vehicular protection shall be provided as required by the fire code official.
3809.14 Alternative location and protection of storage. Where the provisions of Sections 3809.12 and 3809.13 are impractical at construction sites, or at buildings or structures undergoing major renovation or repairs, the storage of containers shall be as required by the fire code official.
4903810.1 Temporarily out of service. LP-gas containers whose use has been temporarily discontinued shall comply with all of the following:
3810.2 Permanently out of service. LP-gas containers to be placed permanently out of service shall be removed from the site.
3811.1 General. Parking of LP-gas tank vehicles shall comply with Sections 3811.2 and 3811.3.
Exception: In cases of accident, breakdown or other emergencies, tank vehicles are allowed to be parked and left unattended at any location while the operator is obtaining assistance.
3811.2 Unattended parking. The unattended parking of LP-gas tank vehicle shall be in accordance with Sections 3811.2.1 and 3811.2.2.
3811.2.1 Near residential, educational and institutional occupancies and other high-risk areas. LP-gas tank vehicles shall not be left unattended at any time on residential streets or within 500 feet (152 m) of a residential area, apartment or hotel complex, educational facility, hospital or care facility. Tank vehicles shall not be left unattended at any other place that would, in the opinion of the fire code official, pose an extreme life hazard.
3811.2.2 Durations exceeding 1 hour. LP-gas tank vehicles parked at any one point for longer than 1 hour shall be located as follows:
3811.3 Garaging. Garaging of LP-gas tank vehicles shall be as specified in NFPA 58. Vehicles with LP-gas fuel systems are allowed to be stored or serviced in garages as specified in Section 11.15 of NFPA 58.
QUANTITY OF LP-GAS STORED (pounds) | MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCE FROM STORED LP-GAS CYLINDERS TO (feet): | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nearest important building or group of buildings or line of adjoining property that may be built upon | Line of adjoining property occupied by schools, places of religious worship, hospitals, athletic fields or other points of public gathering; busy thoroughfares; or sidewalks | LP-gas dispensing station | Doorway or opening to a building with two or more means of egress | Doorway or opening to a building with one means of egress | Combustible materials | Motor vehicle fuel dispenser | |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg. | |||||||
720 or less | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
721 - 2,500 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
2,501 - 6,000 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
6,001 - 10,000 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 20 |
Over 10,000 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 10 | 20 |
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
3901.1 Scope. The storage and use of organic peroxides shall be in accordance with this chapter and Chapter 27.
Unclassified detonable organic peroxides that are capable of detonation in their normal shipping containers under conditions of the fire exposure shall be stored in accordance with Chapter 33.
3901.2 Permits. Permits shall be required for organic peroxides as set forth in Section 105.6.
3902.1 Definition. The following word and term shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
ORGANIC PEROXIDE. An organic compound that contains the bivalent-O-O-structure and which may be considered to be a structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an organic radical. Organic peroxides can present an explosion hazard (detonation or deflagration) or they can be shock sensitive. They can also decompose into various unstable compounds over an extended period of time.
Class I. Describes those formulations that are capable of deflagration but not detonation.
Class II. Describes those formulations that burn very rapidly and that pose a moderate reactivity hazard.
Class III. Describes those formulations that burn rapidly and that pose a moderate reactivity hazard.
Class IV. Describes those formulations that burn in the same manner as ordinary combustibles and that pose a minimal reactivity hazard.
Class V. Describes those formulations that burn with less intensity than ordinary combustibles or do not sustain combustion and that pose no reactivity hazard.
Unclassified detonable. Organic peroxides that are capable of detonation. These peroxides pose an extremely high-explosion hazard through rapid explosive decomposition.
3903.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of organic peroxides in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 3901 and 3903.
3903.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storage and use by occupancy. The indoor storage and use of organic peroxides shall be in accordance with Sections 3903.1.1.1 through 3903.1.1.4.
3903.1.1.1 Group A, E, I or U occupancies. In Group A, E, I or U occupancies, any amount of unclassified detonable and Class I organic peroxides shall be stored in accordance with the following:
3903.1.1.2 Group R occupancies. Unclassified detonable and Class I organic peroxides shall not be stored or used within Group R occupancies.
3903.1.1.3 Group B, F, M or S occupancies. Unclassified detonable and Class I organic peroxides shall not be stored or used in offices, or retail sales areas of Group B, F, M or S occupancies.
3903.1.1.4 Classrooms. In Classrooms in Group B, F or M occupancies, any amount of unclassified detonable and Class 1 organic peroxides shall be stored in accordance with the following.
3903.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of organic peroxides in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 and this chapter.
3904.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of organic peroxides in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2704 and this chapter.
Indoor storage of unclassified detonable organic peroxides that are capable of detonation in their normal shipping containers under conditions of fire exposure shall be stored in accordance with Chapter 33.
3904.1.1 Detached storage. Storage of organic peroxides shall be in detached buildings when required by Section 2703.8.2.
4953904.1.2 Distance from detached storage buildings to exposures. In addition to the requirements of the California Building Code, detached storage buildings shall be located in accordance with Table 3904.1.2.
3904.1.3 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the requirements of Section 2704.12, floors of storage areas shall be of liquid-tight construction.
3904.1.4 Electrical wiring and equipment. In addition to the requirements of Section 2703.9.4, electrical wiring and equipment in storage areas for Class I or II organic peroxides shall comply with the requirements for electrical Class I, Division 2 locations.
3904.1.5 Smoke detection. An approved supervised smoke detection system in accordance with Section 907 shall be provided in rooms or areas where Class I, II or III organic peroxides are stored. Activation of the smoke detection system shall sound a local alarm.
Exception: A smoke detection system shall not be required in detached storage buildings equipped throughout with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system complying with Chapter 9.
3904.1.6 Maximum quantities. Maximum allowable quantities per building in a mixed occupancy building shall not exceed the amounts set forth in Table 2703.8.2. Maximum allowable quantities per building in a detached storage building shall not exceed the amounts specified in Table 3904.1.2.
3904.1.7 Storage arrangement. Storage arrangements for organic peroxides shall be in accordance with Table 3904.1.7 and shall comply with all of the following:
3904.1.8 Location in building. The storage of Class I or II organic peroxides shall be on the ground floor. Class III organic peroxides shall not be stored in basements.
3904.1.9 Contamination. Organic peroxides shall be stored in their original DOTn shipping containers. Organic peroxides shall be stored in a manner to prevent contamination.
3904.1.10 Explosion control. Indoor storage rooms, areas and buildings containing unclassified detonable and Class I organic peroxides shall be provided with explosion control in accordance with Section 911.
3904.1.11 Standby power. Standby power in accordance with Section 604 shall be provided for storage areas of Class I and unclassified detonable organic peroxide.
3904.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of organic peroxides in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2704 and this chapter.
3904.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor storage areas for organic peroxides shall be located in accordance with Table 3904.1.2.
3904.2.2 Electrical wiring and equipment. In addition to the requirements of Section 2703.9.4, electrical wiring and equipment in outdoor storage areas containing unclassified detonable, Class I or II organic peroxides shall comply with the requirements for electrical Class I, Division 2 locations.
3904.2.3 Maximum quantities. Maximum quantities of organic peroxides in outdoor storage shall be in accordance with Table 3904.1.2.
3904.2.4 Storage arrangement. Storage arrangements shall be in accordance with Table 3904.1.7.
3904.2.5 Separation. In addition to the requirements of Section 2703.9.8, outdoor storage areas for organic peroxides in amounts exceeding those specified in Table 2703.8.2 shall be located a minimum distance of 50 feet (15 240 mm) from other hazardous material storage.
ORGANIC PEROXIDE CLASS | MAXIMUM STORAGE QUANTITY (POUNDS) AT MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCE | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Distance to buildings, lot lines, public streets, public alleys, public ways or means of egress | Distance between individual detached storage buildings or individual outdoor storage areas | ||||||
50 feet | 100 feet | 150 feet | 20 feet | 75 feet | 100 feet | ||
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg. | |||||||
a. When the amount of organic peroxide stored exceeds this amount, the minimum separation shall be 50 feet. | |||||||
I | 2,000 | 20,000 | 175,000 | 2,000 | 20,000 | 175,000 | |
II | 100,000 | 200,000 | No Limit | 100,000a | No Limit | No Limit | |
III | 200,000 | No Limit | No Limit | 200,000a | No Limit | No Limit | |
IV | No Limit | No Limit | No Limit | No Limit | No Limit | No Limit | |
V | No Limit | No Limit | No Limit | No Limit | No Limit | No Limit |
ORGANIC PEROXIDE CLASS | PILE CONFIGURATION | MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER BUILDING | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maximum width (feet) | Maximum height (feet) | Minimum distance to next pile (feet) | Minimum distance to walls (feet) | ||
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | |||||
a. At least one main aisle with a minimum width of 8 feet shall divide the storage area. | |||||
b. Distance to noncombustible walls is allowed to be reduced to 2 feet. | |||||
c. See Table 3904.1.2 for maximum quantities. | |||||
d. The distance shall not be less than one-half the pile height. | |||||
I | 6 | 8 | 4a | 4b | Note c |
II | 10 | 8 | 4a | 4b | Note c |
III | 10 | 8 | 4a | 4b | Note c |
IV | 16 | 10 | 3a,d | 4b | No Requirement |
V | No Requirement | No Requirement | No Requirement | No Requirement | No Requirement |
3905.1 General. The use of organic peroxides in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) or 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2705 and this chapter.
497 498Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
4001.1 Scope. The storage and use of oxidizing materials shall be in accordance with this chapter and Chapter 27. Oxidizing gases shall also comply with Chapter 30. Oxidizing cryogenic fluids shall also comply with Chapter 32.
Exceptions:
- Display and storage in Group M and storage in Group S occupancies complying with Section 2703.11.
- Bulk oxygen systems at industrial and institutional consumer sites shall be in accordance with NFPA 55.
- Liquid oxygen stored or used in home health care in Group I-1, I-4 and R occupancies in accordance with Section 4006.
4001.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
4002.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM. An assembly of equipment, such as oxygen storage containers, pressure regulators, safety devices, vaporizers, manifolds and interconnecting piping, that has a storage capacity of more than 20,000 cubic feet (566 m3) of oxygen at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) including unconnected reserves on hand at the site. The bulk oxygen system terminates at the point where oxygen at service pressure first enters the supply line. The oxygen containers can be stationary or movable, and the oxygen can be stored as a gas or liquid.
LIQUID OXYGEN AMBULATORY CONTAINER. A container used for liquid oxygen not exceeding 0.396 gallons (1.5 liters) specifically designed for use as a medical device as defined by 21 USC Chapter 9 that is intended for portable therapeutic use and to be filled from its companion base unit (a liquid oxygen home care container).
LIQUID OXYGEN HOME CARE CONTAINER. A container used for liquid oxygen not exceeding 15.8 gallons (60 liters) specifically designed for use as a medical device as defined by 21 USC Chapter 9 that is intended to deliver gaseous oxygen for therapeutic use in a home care environment.
OXIDIZER. A material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible materials and, if heated or contaminated, can result in vigorous self-sustained decomposition.
Class 4. An oxidizer that can undergo an explosive reaction due to contamination or exposure to thermal or physical shock and that causes a severe increase in the burning rate of combustible materials with which it comes into contact. Additionally, the oxidizer causes a severe increase in the burning rate and can cause spontaneous ignition of combustibles.
Class 3. An oxidizer that causes a severe increase in the burning rate of combustible materials with which it comes in contact.
Class 2. An oxidizer that will cause a moderate increase in the burning rate of combustible materials with which it comes in contact.
Class 1. An oxidizer that does not moderately increase the burning rate of combustible materials.
OXIDIZING CRYOGENIC FLUID. An oxidizing gas in the cryogenic state.
OXIDIZING GAS. A gas that can support and accelerate combustion of other materials more than air does.
4003.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of oxidizing materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 4001 and 4003. Oxidizing gases shall also comply with Chapter 30.
4003.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storage and use by occupancy. The indoor storage and use of oxidizing materials shall be in accordance with Sections 4003.1.1.1 through 4003.1.1.3.
4003.1.1.1 Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers. The storage and use of Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall comply with Sections 4003.1.1.1.1 through 4003.1.1.1.4.
4003.1.1.1.1 Group A, E, I or U occupancies. In Group A, E, I or U occupancies, any amount of Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall be stored in accordance with the following:
4003.1.1.1.2 Group R occupancies. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall not be stored or used within Group R occupancies.
5014003.1.1.1.3 Offices and retail sales areas. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall not be stored or used in offices or retail sales areas of Group B, F, M or S occupancies.
4003.1.1.1.4 Classrooms. In classrooms of Group B, F or M occupancies, any amount of Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall be stored in accordance with the following:
4003.1.1.2 Class 3 liquid and solid oxidizers. A maximum of 200 pounds (91 kg) of solid or 20 gallons (76 L) of liquid Class 3 oxidizer is allowed in Group I occupancies when such materials are necessary for maintenance purposes or operation of equipment. The oxidizers shall be stored in approved containers and in an approved manner.
4003.1.1.3 Oxidizing gases. Except for cylinders of nonliquefied compressed gases not exceeding a capacity of 250 cubic feet (7 m3) or liquefied compressed gases not exceeding a capacity of 46 pounds (21 kg) each used for maintenance purposes, patient care or operation of equipment, oxidizing gases shall not be stored or used in Group A, E, I or R occupancies or in offices in Group B occupancies.
The aggregate quantities of gases used for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity per control area listed in Table 2703.1.1(1).
Medical gas systems and medical gas supply cylinders shall also be in accordance with Section 3006.
4003.1.2 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems conveying oxidizing gases shall be provided with approved manual or automatic emergency shutoff valves that can be activated at each point of use and at each source.
4003.1.2.1 Shutoff at source. A manual or automatic fail-safe emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on supply piping at the cylinder or bulk source. Manual or automatic cylinder valves are allowed to be used as the required emergency shutoff valve when the source of supply is limited to unmanifolded cylinder sources.
4003.1.2.2 Shutoff at point of use. A manual or automatic emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on the supply piping at the point of use or at a point where the equipment using the gas is connected to the supply system.
4003.1.3 Ignition source control. Ignition sources in areas containing oxidizing gases shall be controlled in accordance with Section 2703.7.
4003.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of oxidizing materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 and this chapter.
4004.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of oxidizing materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 2704 and this chapter.
4004.1.1 Detached storage. Storage of liquid and solid oxidizers shall be in detached buildings when required by Section 2703.8.2.
4004.1.2 Distance from detached storage buildings to exposures. In addition to the requirements of the California Building Code, detached storage buildings shall be located in accordance with Table 4004.1.2.
OXIDIZER CLASS | WEIGHT (pounds) | MINIMUM DISTANCE TO BUILDINGS, LOT LINES, PUBLIC STREETS, PUBLIC ALLEYS, PUBLIC WAYS OR MEANS OF EGRESS (feet) |
---|---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg. | ||
a. Any quantity over the amount required for detached storage in accordance with Section 2703.8.2, or over the outdoor maximum allowable quantity for outdoor control areas. | ||
1 | Note a | Not Required |
2 | Note a | 35 |
3 | Note a | 50 |
4 | Over 10 to 100 | 75 |
101 to 500 | 100 | |
501 to 1,000 | 125 | |
1,001 to 3,000 | 200 | |
3,001 to 5,000 | 300 | |
5,001 to 10,000 | 400 | |
Over 10,000 | As required by the fire code official |
4004.1.3 Explosion control. Indoor storage rooms, areas and buildings containing Class 4 liquid or solid oxidizers shall be provided with explosion control in accordance with Section 911.
4004.1.4 Automatic sprinkler system. The automatic sprinkler system shall be designed in accordance with NFPA 430.
4004.1.5 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 2704.12, floors of storage areas for liquid and solid oxidizers shall be of liquid-tight construction.
4004.1.6 Smoke detection. An approved supervised smoke detection system in accordance with Section 907 shall be
502installed in liquid and solid oxidizer storage areas. Activation of the smoke detection system shall sound a local alarm.
Exception: Detached storage buildings protected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system.
4004.1.7 Storage conditions. The maximum quantity of oxidizers per building in detached storage buildings shall not exceed those quantities set forth in Tables 4004.1.7(1) through 4004.1.7(4).
The storage configuration for liquid and solid oxidizers shall be as set forth in Tables 4004.1.7(1) through 4004.1.7(4).
Class 2 oxidizers shall not be stored in basements except when such storage is in stationary tanks.
Class 3 and 4 oxidizers in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Section 2703.1 shall be stored on the ground floor only.
STORAGE CONFIGURATION | LIMITS (feet) |
---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | |
a. Storage in noncombustible containers or in bulk in detached storage buildings is not limited as to quantity or arrangement. | |
Piles | |
Maximum length | No Limit |
Maximum width | 50 |
Maximum height | 20 |
Minimum distance to next pile | 3 |
Minimum distance to walls | 2 |
Maximum quantity per pile | No Limit |
Maximum quantity per building | No Limit |
STORAGE CONFIGURATION | LIMITS | ||
---|---|---|---|
Segregated storage | Cutoff storage roomsc | Detached building | |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 ton = 0.907185 metric ton. | |||
a. Storage in noncombustible containers is not limited as to quantity or arrangement, except that piles shall be at least 2 feet from walls in sprinklered buildings and 4 feet from walls in nonsprinklered buildings; the distance between piles shall not be less than the pile height. | |||
b. Quantity limits shall be reduced by 50 percent in buildings or portions of buildings used for retail sales. | |||
c. Cutoff storage rooms shall be separated from the remainder of the building by 2-hour fire barriers. | |||
d. Aisle width shall not be less than the pile height. | |||
Piles | |||
Maximum width | 16 feet | 25 feet | 25 feet |
Maximum height | 10 feet | 12 feet | 12 feet |
Minimum distance to next pile | Note d | Note d | Note d |
Minimum distance to walls | 2 feet | 2 feet | 2 feet |
Maximum quantity per pile | 20 tons | 50 tons | 200 tons |
Maximum quantity per building | 200 tons | 500 tons | No Limit |
STORAGE CONFIGURATION | LIMITS | ||
---|---|---|---|
Segregated storage | Cutoff storage roomsc | Detached building | |
For SI: 1 foot = 3004.8 mm, 1 ton = 0.907185 metric ton. | |||
a. Storage in noncombustible containers is not limited as to quantity or arrangement, except that piles shall be at least 2 feet from walls in sprinklered buildings and 4 feet from walls in nonsprinklered buildings; the distance between piles shall not be less than the pile height. | |||
b. Quantity limits shall be reduced by 50 percent in buildings or portions of buildings used for retail sales. | |||
c. Cutoff storage rooms shall be separated from the remainder of the building by 2-hour fire barriers. | |||
d. Aisle width shall not be less than the pile height. | |||
Piles | |||
Maximum width | 12 feet | 16 feet | 20 feet |
Maximum height | 8 feet | 10 feet | 10 feet |
Minimum distance to next pile | Note d | Note d | Note d |
Minimum distance to walls | 4 feet | 4 feet | 4 feet |
Maximum quantity per pile | 20 tons | 30 tons | 150 tons |
Maximum quantity per building | 100 tons | 500 tons | No Limit |
STORAGE CONFIGURATION | LIMITS (feet) |
---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | |
Piles | |
Maximum length | 10 |
Maximum width | 4 |
Maximum height | 8 |
Minimum distance to next pile | 8 |
Maximum quantity per building | No Limit |
4004.1.8 Separation of Class 4 oxidizers from other materials. In addition to the requirements in Section 2703.9.8, Class 4 oxidizer liquids and solids shall be separated from other hazardous materials by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier or stored in hazardous materials storage cabinets.
Detached storage buildings for Class 4 oxidizer liquids and solids shall be located a minimum of 50 feet (15 240 mm) from other hazardous materials storage.
4004.1.9 Contamination. Liquid and solid oxidizers shall not be stored on or against combustible surfaces. Liquid and solid oxidizers shall be stored in a manner to prevent contamination.
4004.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of oxidizing materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area set forth in Table 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2704 and this chapter. Oxidizing gases shall also comply with Chapter 30.
4004.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures for liquid and solid oxidizers. Outdoor storage areas for liquid and solid oxidizers shall be located in accordance with Table 4004.1.2.
5034004.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures for oxidizing gases. Outdoor storage areas for oxidizing gases shall be located in accordance with Table 4004.2.2.
4004.2.2.1 Oxidizing cryogenic fluids. Outdoor storage areas for oxidizing cryogenic fluids shall be located in accordance with Chapter 32.
4004.2.3 Storage configuration for liquid and solid oxidizers. Storage configuration for liquid and solid oxidizers shall be in accordance with Tables 4004.1.7(1) through 4004.1.7(4).
4004.2.4 Storage configuration for oxidizing gases. Storage configuration for oxidizing gases shall be in accordance with Table 4004.2.2.
4005.1 Scope. The use of oxidizers in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) or 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2705 and this chapter. Oxidizing gases shall also comply with Chapter 30.
4006.1 General. The storage and use of liquid oxygen (LOX) in home health care in Group I-1, I-4 and R occupancies shall comply with Sections 4006.2 through 4006.6, or shall be stored and used accordance with Chapter 27.
4006.2 Information and instructions to be provided. The seller of liquid oxygen shall provide the user with information in written form that includes, but is not limited to, the following:
4006.3 Liquid oxygen home care containers. Containers of liquid oxygen in home health care shall be in accordance with Sections 4006.3.1 through 4006.3.6.
4006.3.1 Maximum individual container capacity. Liquid oxygen home care containers shall not exceed an individual capacity of 15.8 gallons (60 L) in Group I-1, I-4 and R occupancies. Liquid oxygen ambulatory containers are allowed in Group I-1, I-4 and R occupancies. Containers of liquid oxygen in home health care shall also be stored, used and filled in accordance with Sections 4006, 3203.1 and 3203.2.
4006.3.2 Manufacturer's instructions and labeling. Containers shall be stored, used and operated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and labeling.
4006.3.3 Locating containers. Containers shall not be located in areas where:
4006.3.4 Restraining containers. Liquid oxygen home care containers shall be restrained while in storage or use to prevent falling caused by contact, vibration or seismic activity. Containers shall be restrained by one of the following methods:
QUANTITY OF GAS STORED (cubic feet at NTP) | DISTANCE TO A BUILDING NOT ASSOCIATED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OR DISTRIBUTION OF OXIDIZING GASES OR PUBLIC WAY OR LOT LINE THAT CAN BE BUILT UPON (feet) | DISTANCE BETWEEN STORAGE AREAS (feet) |
---|---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3. | ||
a. The minimum required distances shall not apply when fire barriers without openings or penetrations having a minimum fire-resistance rating of 2 hours interrupt the line of sight between the storage and the exposure. The configuration of the fire barrier shall be designed to allow natural ventilation to prevent the accumulation of hazardous gas concentrations. | ||
0 - 50,000 | 5 | 5 |
50,001 - 100,000 | 10 | 10 |
100,001 | 15 | 10 |
4006.3.5 Container handling. Containers shall be handled by use of a cart or hand truck designed for such use.
Exceptions:
- Liquid oxygen home care containers equipped with a roller base.
- Liquid oxygen ambulatory containers are allowed to be hand carried.
4006.3.6 Filling of containers. The filling of containers shall be in accordance with Sections 4006.3.6.1 through 4006.3.6.3.
4006.3.6.1 Filling location. Liquid oxygen home care containers and ambulatory containers shall be filled outdoors.
Exception: Liquid oxygen ambulatory containers are allowed to be filled indoors where the supply container is specifically designed for filling such containers and written instructions are provided by the container manufacturer.
4006.3.6.2 Incompatible surfaces. A drip pan compatible with liquid oxygen shall be provided under home care container fill and vent connections during the filling process in order to protect against liquid oxygen spillage from coming into contact with combustible surfaces, including asphalt.
4006.3.6.3 Open flames and high-temperature devices. The use of open flames and high-temperature devices shall be in accordance with Section 2703.7.2.
4006.4 Maximum aggregate quantity. The maximum aggregate quantity of liquid oxygen allowed in storage and in use in each dwelling unit shall be 31.6 gallons (120 L).
Exceptions:
- The maximum aggregate quantity of liquid oxygen allowed in Group I-4 occupancies shall be limited by the maximum allowable quantity set forth in Table 2703.1.1(1).
- Where individual sleeping rooms are separated from the remainder of the dwelling unit by fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 of the International Building Code, and horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 712 of the International Building Code, or both, having a minimum fire-resistance rating of 1 hour, the maximum aggregate quantity per dwelling unit shall be increased to allow a maximum of 31.6 gallons (120 L) of liquid oxygen per sleeping room.
4006.5 Smoking prohibited. Smoking shall be prohibited in rooms or areas where liquid oxygen is in use.
4006.6 Signs. Warning signs for occupancies using home health care liquid oxygen shall be in accordance with Sections 4006.6.1 and 4006.6.2.
4006.6.1 No smoking sign. A sign stating “OXYGEN—NO SMOKING" shall be posted in each room or area where liquid oxygen containers are stored, used or filled.
4006.6.2 Premises signage. Where required by the fire code official, each dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall have an approved sign indicating that the unit contains liquid oxygen home care containers.
4006.7 Fire department notification. Where required by the fire code official, the liquid oxygen seller shall notify the fire department of the locations of liquid oxygen home care containers.
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
4101.1 Scope. The storage and use of pyrophoric materials shall be in accordance with this chapter. Compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 30.
4101.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
4102.1 Definition. The following word and term shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meaning shown herein.
PYROPHORIC. A chemical with an autoignition temperature in air, at or below a temperature of 130°F (54°C).
4103.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of pyrophoric materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 4101 and 4103.
4103.1.1 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems conveying pyrophoric gases shall be provided with approved manual or automatic emergency shutoff valves that can be activated at each point of use and at each source.
4103.1.1.1 Shutoff at source. An automatic emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on supply piping at the cylinder or bulk source. The shutoff valve shall be operated by a remotely located manually activated shutdown control located not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) from the source of supply. Manual or automatic cylinder valves are allowed to be used as the required emergency shutoff valve when the source of supply is limited to unmanifolded cylinder sources.
4103.1.1.2 Shutoff at point of use. A manual or automatic emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on the supply piping at the point of use or at a point where the equipment using the gas is connected to the supply system.
4103.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of pyrophoric materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 and this chapter.
4104.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of pyrophoric materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1), shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 2704 and this chapter.
The storage of silane gas, and gas mixtures with a silane concentration of 1.37 percent or more by volume, shall be in accordance with CGA G-13.
4104.1.1 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the requirements of Section 2704.12, floors of storage areas containing pyrophoric liquids shall be of liquid-tight construction.
4104.1.2 Pyrophoric solids and liquids. Storage of pyrophoric solids and liquids shall be limited to a maximum area of 100 square feet (9.3 m2) per pile. Storage shall not exceed 5 feet (1524 mm) in height. Individual containers shall not be stacked.
Aisles between storage piles shall be a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) in width.
Individual tanks or containers shall not exceed 500 gallons (1893 L) in capacity.
4104.1.3 Pyrophoric gases. Storage of pyrophoric gases shall be in detached buildings where required by Section 2703.8.2.
4104.1.4 Separation from incompatible materials. In addition to the requirements of Section 2703.9.8, indoor storage of pyrophoric materials shall be isolated from incompatible hazardous materials by 1-hour fire barriers with openings protected in accordance with the California Building Code.
Exception: Storage in approved hazardous materials storage cabinets constructed in accordance with Section 2703.8.7.
4104.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of pyrophoric materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 2704 and this chapter.
The storage of silane gas, and gas mixtures with a silane concentration of 1.37 percent of more by volume, shall be in accordance with CGA G-13.
4104.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures. The separation of pyrophoric solids, liquids and gases from buildings, lot lines, public streets, public alleys, public ways or means of egress shall be in accordance with the following:
4104.2.2 Weather protection. When overhead construction is provided for sheltering outdoor storage areas of pyrophoric materials, the storage areas shall be provided with approved automatic fire-extinguishing system protection.
4105.1 General. The use of pyrophoric materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) or 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2705 and this chapter.
4105.2 Weather protection. When overhead construction is provided for sheltering of outdoor use areas of pyrophoric materials, the use areas shall be provided with approved automatic fire-extinguishing system protection.
4105.3 Silane gas. The use of silane gas, and gas mixtures with a silane concentration of 1.37 percent of more by volume, shall be in accordance with CGA G-13.
MAXIMUM AMOUNT PER STORAGE AREA (cubic feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN STORAGE AREAS (feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE TO LOT LINES OF PROPERTY THAT CAN BE BUILT UPON (feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE TO PUBLIC STREETS, PUBLIC ALLEYS OR PUBLIC WAYS (feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE TO BUILDINGS ON THE SAME PROPERTY | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonrated construction or openings within 25 feet | Two-hour construction and no openings within 25 feet | Four-hour construction and no openings within 25 feet | ||||
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3. | ||||||
a. The minimum required distances shall be reduced to 5 feet when protective structures having a minimum fire resistance of 2 hours interrupt the line of sight between the container and the exposure. The protective structure shall be at least 5 feet from the exposure. The configuration of the protective structure shall allow natural ventilation to prevent the accumulation of hazardous gas concentrations. | ||||||
250 | 5 | 25 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
2,500 | 10 | 50 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
7,500 | 20 | 100 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 0 |
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
4201.1 Scope. This chapter shall apply to the storage and handling of plastic substances, materials or compounds with cellulose nitrate as a base, by whatever name known, in the form of blocks, sheets, tubes or fabricated shapes.
Cellulose nitrate motion picture film shall comply with the requirements of Section 306.
4201.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
4202.1 Terms defined in Chapter 2. Words and terms used in this chapter and defined in Chapter 2 shall have the meanings ascribed to them as defined therein.
4203.1 Displays. Cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic articles are allowed to be placed on tables not more than 3 feet (914 mm) wide and 10 feet (3048 mm) long. Tables shall be spaced at least 3 feet (914 mm) apart. Where articles are displayed on counters, they shall be arranged in a like manner.
4203.2 Space under tables. Spaces underneath tables shall be kept free from storage of any kind and accumulation of paper, refuse and other combustible material.
4203.3 Location. Sales or display tables shall be so located that in the event of a fire at the table, the table will not interfere with free means of egress from the room in at least one direction.
4203.4 Lighting. Lighting shall not be located directly above cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic material, unless provided with a suitable guard to prevent heated particles from falling.
4204.1 Raw material. Raw cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic material in a Group F building shall be stored and handled in accordance with Sections 4204.1.1 through 4204.1.7.
4204.1.1 Storage of incoming material. Where raw material in excess of 25 pounds (11 kg) is received in a building or fire area, an approved vented cabinet or approved vented vault equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for the storage of material.
4204.1.2 Capacity limitations. Cabinets in any one work-room shall not contain more than 1,000 pounds (454 kg) of raw material. Each cabinet shall not contain more than 500 pounds (227 kg). Each compartment shall not contain more than 250 pounds (114 kg).
4204.1.3 Storage of additional material. Raw material in excess of that allowed by Section 4204.1.2 shall be kept in vented vaults not exceeding 1,500-cubic-foot capacity (43 m3) of total vault space, and with approved construction, venting and sprinkler protection.
4204.1.4 Heat sources. Cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic shall not be stored within 2 feet (610 mm) of heat-producing appliances, steam pipes, radiators or chimneys.
4204.1.5 Accumulation of material. In factories manufacturing articles of cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastics,approved sprinklered and vented cabinets, vaults or storage rooms shall be provided to prevent the accumulation in workrooms of raw stock in process or finished articles.
4204.1.6 Operators. In workrooms of cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic factories, operators shall not be stationed closer together than 3 feet (914 mm), and the amount of material per operator shall not exceed one shift’s supply and shall be limited to the capacity of three tote boxes, including material awaiting removal or use.
4204.1.7 Waste material. Waste cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic materials such as shavings, chips, turnings, sawdust, edgings and trimmings shall be kept under water in metal receptacles until removed from the premises.
4204.2 Fire protection. The manufacture or storage of articles of cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic in quantities exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg) shall be located in a building or portion thereof equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
4204.3 Sources of ignition. Sources of ignition shall not be located in rooms in which cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic in excess of 25 pounds (11 kg) is handled or stored.
4204.4 Heating. Rooms in which cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic is handled or stored shall be heated by low-pressure steam or hot water radiators.
513 514Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
4301.1 Scope. The storage and use of unstable (reactive) materials shall be in accordance with this chapter. Compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 30.
Exceptions:
- Display and storage in Group M and storage in Group S occupancies complying with Section 2703.11.
- Detonable unstable (reactive) materials shall be stored in accordance with Chapter 33.
4301.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
4302.1 Definition. The following word and term shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meaning shown herein.
UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIAL. A material, other than an explosive, which in the pure state or as commercially produced, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense or become self-reactive and undergo other violent chemical changes, including explosion, when exposed to heat, friction or shock, or in the absence of an inhibitor, or in the presence of contaminants, or in contact with incompatible materials. Unstable (reactive) materials are subdivided as follows:
Class 4. Materials that in themselves are readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and pressures. This class includes materials that are sensitive to mechanical or localized thermal shock at normal temperatures and pressures.
Class 3. Materials that in themselves are capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or explosive reaction but which require a strong initiating source or which must be heated under confinement before initiation. This class includes materials that are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock at elevated temperatures and pressures.
Class 2. Materials that in themselves are normally unstable and readily undergo violent chemical change but do not detonate. This class includes materials that can undergo chemical change with rapid release of energy at normal temperatures and pressures, and that can undergo violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures.
Class 1. Materials that in themselves are normally stable but which can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressure.
4303.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Quantities of unstable (reactive) materials not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area shall be in accordance with Sections 4303.1.1 through 4303.1.2.5.
4303.1.1 General. The storage and use of unstable (reactive) materials in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 4301 and 4303.
4303.1.2 Limitations for indoor storage and use by occupancy. The indoor storage of unstable (reactive) materials shall be in accordance with Sections 4303.1.2.1 through 4303.1.2.5.
4303.1.2.1 Group A, E, I or U occupancies. In Group A, E, I or U occupancies, any amount of Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall be stored in accordance with the following:
4303.1.2.2 Group R occupancies. Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall not be stored or used within Group R occupancies.
4303.1.2.3 Group M occupancies. Class 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall not be stored or used in retail sales portions of Group M occupancies.
4303.1.2.4 Offices. Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall not be stored or used in offices of Group B, F, M or S occupancies.
4303.1.2.5 Classrooms. In classrooms in Group B, F or M occupancies, any amount of Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall be stored in accordance with the following:
4303.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of unstable (reactive) materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 and this chapter.
5174304.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of unstable (reactive) materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2704 and this chapter.
In addition, Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) detonable materials shall be stored in accordance with the California Building Code requirements for explosives.
4304.1.1 Detached storage. Storage of unstable (reactive) materials shall be in detached buildings when required in Section 2703.8.2.
4304.1.2 Explosion control. Indoor storage rooms, areas and buildings containing Class 3 or 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall be provided with explosion control in accordance with Section 911.
4304.1.3 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 2704.12, floors of storage areas for liquids and solids shall be of liquid-tight construction.
4304.1.4 Storage configuration. Unstable (reactive) materials stored in quantities greater than 500 cubic feet (14 m3) shall be separated into piles, each not larger than 500 cubic feet (14 m3). Aisle width shall not be less than the height of the piles or 4 feet (1219 mm), whichever is greater.
Exception: Materials stored in tanks.
4304.1.5 Location in building. Unstable (reactive) materials shall not be stored in basements.
4304.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of unstable (reactive) materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2704 and this chapter.
4304.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures Class 4 and 3 (detonable) materials. Outdoor storage of Class 4 or 3 (detonable) unstable (reactive) material shall be in accordance with Table 3304.5.2(2). The number of pounds of material listed in the table shall be the net weight of the material present. Alternatively, the number of pounds of material shall be based on a trinitrotoluene (TNT) equivalent weight.
4304.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures Class 3 (deflagratable) materials. Outdoor storage of deflagratable Class 3 unstable (reactive) materials shall be in accordance with Table 3304.5.2(3). The number of pounds of material listed shall be the net weight of the material present.
4304.2.3 Distance from storage to exposures Class 2 and 1 materials. Outdoor storage of Class 2 or 1 unstable (reactive) materials shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of buildings not associated with the manufacture or distribution of such materials, lot lines, public streets, public alleys, public ways or means of egress. The minimum required distance shall not apply when fire barriers without openings or penetrations having a minimum fire-resistance rating of 2 hours interrupt the line of sight between the storage and the exposure. The fire barrier shall either be an independent structure or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area.
4304.2.4 Storage configuration. Piles of unstable (reactive) materials shall not exceed 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3).
4304.2.5 Aisle widths. Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than one-half the height of the pile or 10 feet (3048 mm), whichever is greater.
4305.1 General. The use of unstable (reactive) materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) or 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2705 and this chapter.
518Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
4401.1 Scope. The storage and use of water-reactive solids and liquids shall be in accordance with this chapter.
Exceptions:
- Display and storage in Group M and storage in Group S occupancies complying with Section 2703.11.
- Detonable water-reactive solids and liquids shall be stored in accordance with Chapter 33.
4401.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
4402.1 Definition. The following word and term shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used else where in this code, have the meaning shown herein.
WATER-REACTIVE MATERIAL. A material that explodes; violently reacts; produces flammable, toxic or other hazardous gases; or evolves enough heat to cause autoignition or ignition of combustibles upon exposure to water or moisture. Water-reactive materials are subdivided as follows:
Class 3. Materials that react explosively with water without requiring heat or confinement.
Class 2. Materials that react violently with water or have the ability to boil water. Materials that produce flammable, toxic or other hazardous gases, or evolve enough heat to cause autoignition or ignition of combustibles upon exposure to water or moisture.
Class 1. Materials that react with water with some release of energy, but not violently.
4403.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of water-reactive solids and liquids in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 4401 and 4403.
4403.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of water-reactive solids and liquids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703. I shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 and this chapter.
4404.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of water-reactive solids and liquids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1), shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2704 and this chapter.
4404.1.1 Detached storage. Storage of water-reactive solids and liquids shall be in detached buildings when required by Section 2703.8.2.
4404.1.2 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the provisions of Section 2704.12, floors in storage areas for water-reactive solids and liquids shall be of liquid-tight construction.
4404.1.3 Waterproof room. Rooms or areas used for the storage of water-reactive solids and liquids shall be constructed in a manner which resists the penetration of water through the use of waterproof materials. Piping carrying water for other than approved automatic sprinkler systems shall not be within such rooms or areas.
4404.1.4 Water-tight containers. When Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids are stored in areas equipped with an automatic sprinkler system, the materials shall be stored in closed water-tight containers.
4404.1.5 Storage configuration. Water-reactive solids and liquids stored in quantities greater than 500 cubic feet (14 m3) shall be separated into piles, each not larger than 500 cubic feet (14 m3). Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than the height of the pile or 4 feet (1219 mm), which-ever is greater.
Exception: Water-reactive solids and liquids stored in tanks.
Class 2 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be stored in basements unless such materials are stored in closed water-tight containers or tanks.
Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be stored in basements.
Class 2 or 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be stored with flammable liquids.
4404.1.6 Explosion control. Indoor storage rooms, areas and buildings containing Class 2 or 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall be provided with explosion control in accordance with Section 911.
4404.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of water-reactive solids and liquids in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2704 and this chapter.
4404.2.1 General. Outdoor storage of water-reactive solids and liquids shall be within tanks or closed water-tight containers
521and shall be in accordance with Sections 4404.2.2 through 4404.2.5.
4404.2.2 Class 3 distance to exposures. Outdoor storage of Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of buildings, lot lines, public streets, public alleys, public ways or means of egress..
4404.2.3 Class 2 distance to exposures. Outdoor storage of Class 2 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be within 20 feet (6096 mm) of buildings, lot lines, public streets, public alleys, public ways or means of egress. A 2-hour fire barrier wall without openings or penetrations, and extending not less than 30 inches (762 mm) above and to the sides of the storage area, is allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall either be an independent structure, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area.
4404.2.4 Storage conditions. Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall be limited to piles not greater than 500 cubic feet (14 m3).
Class 2 water-reactive solids and liquids shall be limited to piles not greater than 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3).
Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than one-half the height of the pile or 10 feet (3048 mm), whichever is greater.
4404.2.5 Containment. Secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of Section 2704.2.2.
4405.1 General. The use of water-reactive solids and liquids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) or 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2705 and this chapter.
522Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
4501.1 Scope. Marina facilities shall be in accordance with this chapter.
4501.2 Plans and approvals. Plans for marina fire protection facilities shall be approved prior to installation. The work shall be subject to final inspection and approval after installation.
4502.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purpose of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
FLOAT. A floating structure normally used as a point of transfer for passengers and goods, or both, for mooring purposes.
MARINA. Any portion of the ocean or inland water, either naturally or artificially protected, for the mooring, serving or safety of vessels and shall include artificially protected works, the public or private lands ashore, and structures or facilities provided within the enclosed body of water and ashore for the mooring or servicing of vessels or the servicing of their crews or passengers.
PIER. A structure build over the water, supported by pillars or piles, and used as a landing place, pleasure pavilion or similar purpose.
VESSEL. A motorized watercraft, other than a seaplane on the water, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation. Nontransportation vessels, such as houseboats and boathouses, are included in this definition.
WHARF. A structure or bulkhead constructed of wood, stone, concrete or similar material built at the shore of a harbor, lake or river for vessels to lie alongside of, and to anchor piers or floats.
4503.1 Combustible debris. Combustible debris and rubbish shall not be deposited or accumulated on land beneath marina structures, piers or wharves.
4503.2 Sources of ignition. Open-flame devices used for lighting or decoration on the exterior of a vessel, float, pier or wharf shall be approved.
4503.3 Flammable or combustible liquid spills. Spills of flammable or combustible liquids at or upon the water shall be reported immediately to the fire department or jurisdictional authorities.
4503.4 Rubbish containers. Metal containers with tight-fitting or self-closing lids shall be provided for the temporary storage of combustible trash or rubbish.
4503.5 Electrical equipment. Electrical equipment shall be installed and used in accordance with its listing, Section 605 and Chapter 5 of NFPA 303 as required for wet, damp and hazardous locations.
4503.6 Berthing and storage. Berthing and storage shall be in accordance with Chapter 7 of NFPA 303.
4503.7 Slip identification. Slips and mooring spaces shall be individually identified by an approved numeric or alphabetic designator. Space designators shall be posted at the space. Signs indicating the space designators located on finger piers and floats shall be posted at the base of all piers, finger piers, floats and finger floats.
4504.1 General. Piers, marinas and wharves with facilities for mooring or servicing five or more vessels, and marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be equipped with fire protection equipment in accordance with Sections 4504.2 through 4504.6.
4504.2 Standpipes. Marinas and boatyards shall be equipped throughout with standpipe systems in accordance with NFPA 303. Systems shall be provided with hose connections located such that no point on the marina pier or float system exceeds 150 feet (15 240 mm) from a standpipe hose connection.
4504.2.1 Identification of standpipe outlets. Standpipe hose connection locations shall be clearly identified by a flag or other approved means designed to be readily visible from the pier accessing the float system.
4504.3 Access and water supply. Piers and wharves shall be provided with fire apparatus access roads and water-supply systems with on-site fire hydrants when required by the fire code official. Such roads and water systems shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Sections 503.2 and 508.
4504.4 Portable fire extinguishers. One portable fire extinguisher of the ordinary (moderate) hazard type shall be provided at each required standpipe hose connection. Additional portable fire extinguishers, suitable for the hazards involved, shall be provided and a maintained in accordance with Section 906.
4504.5 Communications. A telephone not requiring a coin to operate or other approved, clearly identified means to notify the fire department shall be provided on the site in a location approved by the fire code official.
4504.6 Emergency operations staging areas. Space shall be provided on all float systems for the staging of emergency equipment. Emergency operation staging areas shall provide a
525minimum of 4 feet wide by 10 feet long (1219 mm by 3048 mm) clear area exclusive of walkways and shall be located at each standpipe hose connection. Emergency operation staging areas shall be provided with a curb or barrier having a minimum height of 4 inches (102 mm) and maximum space between the bottom edge and the surface of the staging area of 2 inches (51 mm) on the outboard sides of the staging area.
An approved sign reading FIRE EQUIPMENT STAGING AREA—KEEP CLEAR shall be provided at each staging area.
4505.1 Fuel dispensing. Marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be in accordance with Chapter 22.
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
4603.6 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
4603.6.3 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
4603.6.3.1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
4603.6.8 - 4603.6.8.2 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
4603.6.9 - 4603.6.9.10 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
4603.7 - 4603.7.5.3 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
4606 | X |
4601.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to existing buildings constructed prior to the adoption of this code.
4601.2 Intent. The intent of this chapter is to provide a minimum degree of fire and life safety to persons occupying existing buildings by providing for alterations to such buildings that do not comply with the minimum requirements of the International Building Code.
4601.3 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.7 and the International Building Code and this code.
4601.4 Owner notification. Where a building is found to be in noncompliance, the fire code official shall duly notify the owner of the building. Upon receipt of such notice, the owner shall, subject to the following time limits, take necessary actions to comply with the provisions of this chapter.
4601.4.1 Construction documents. Construction documents for the necessary alterations shall be completed within a time schedule approved by the fire code official.
4601.4.2 Completion of work. Work on the required alterations to the building shall be completed within a time schedule approved by the fire code official.
4601.4.3 Extension of time. The fire code official is authorized to grant necessary extensions of time when it can be shown that the specified time periods are not physically practical or pose an undue hardship. The granting of an extension of time for compliance shall be based on the showing of good cause and subject to the filing of an acceptable systematic plan of correction with the fire code official.
4602.1 Definition. The following word and term shall, for the purpose of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meaning shown herein.
EXISTING. Buildings, facilities or conditions that are already in existence, constructed or officially authorized prior to the adoption of this code.
4603.1 Required construction. Existing buildings shall comply with not less than the minimum provisions specified in Table 4603.1 and as further enumerated in Sections 4603.2 through 4603.7.3.
The provisions of this chapter shall not be construed to allow the elimination of fire protection systems or a reduction in the level of fire safety provided in buildings constructed in accordance with previously adopted codes.
Exception: Group U occupancies.
4603.2 Elevator operation. Existing elevators with a travel distance of 25 feet (7620 mm) or more above or below the main floor or other level of a building and intended to serve the needs of emergency personnel for fire-fighting or rescue purposes shall be provided with emergency operation in accordance with ASME A17.3.
4603.3 Vertical openings. Interior vertical shafts, including but not limited to stairways, elevator hoistways, service and utility shafts, that connect two or more stories of a building, shall be enclosed or protected as specified in Sections 4603.3.1 through 4603.3.7.
4603.3.1 Group I occupancies. In Group I occupancies, interior vertical openings connecting two or more stories shall be protected with 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction.
4603.3.2 Three to five stories. In other than Group I occupancies, interior vertical openings connecting three to five stories shall be protected by either 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or an automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the building in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
Exceptions:
- Vertical opening protection is not required for Group R-3 occupancies.
- Vertical opening protection is not required for open parking garages and ramps.
- Vertical opening protection for escalators shall be in accordance with Section 4603.3.5, 4603.3.6 or 4603.3.7.
4603.3.3 More than five stories. In other than Group I occupancies, interior vertical openings connecting more than five stories shall be protected by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction.
529Exceptions:
- Vertical opening protection is not required for Group R-3 occupancies.
- Vertical opening protection is not required for open parking garages and ramps.
- Vertical opening protection for escalators shall be in accordance with Section 4603.3.5, 4603.3.6 or 4603.3.7.
SECTION | USE | OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High rise | Atrium and covered mail | Underground building | A | B | E | F | H-1 | H-2 | H-3 | H-4 | H-5 | I-1 | I-2 | I-3 | I-4 | M | R-1 | R-2 | R-3 | R-4 | S | |
R = The building is required to comply. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
4603.2 | R | — | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
4603.3.1 | R | — | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R | R | R | R | — | — | — | — | — | — |
4603.3.2 | R | — | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | — | — | — | — | R | R | R | — | R | R |
4603.3.3 | R | — | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | — | — | — | — | R | R | R | — | R | R |
4603.3.4 | — | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
4603.3.5 | — | — | — | — | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R | — | — | — | — | — |
4603.3.6 | — | — | — | R | — | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | — | R | R | R | R | R |
4603.3.7 | — | — | — | R | — | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | — | R | R | R | R | R |
4603.4 | — | — | — | R | — | — | R | — | R | R | — | — | — | R | — | — | R | — | — | — | — | — |
4603.5 | R | — | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | — | R | R |
4603.6.1 | — | — | — | — | — | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
4603.6.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
4603.6.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
4603.6.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
4603.6.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R | — | — | — | — |
4603.6.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R | — | — | — |
4603.6.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R | — |
4603.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | R | R | R | R | — |
4604.4 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
4603.3.4 Atriums and covered malls. In other than Group I occupancies, interior vertical openings in a covered mall building or a building with an atrium shall be protected by either 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or an automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the building in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
Exceptions:
- Vertical opening protection is not required for Group R-3 occupancies.
- Vertical opening protection is not required for open parking garages and ramps.
4603.3.5 Escalators in Group B and M occupancies. Escalators creating vertical openings connecting any number of stories shall be protected by either 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 installed throughout the building, with a draft curtain and closely spaced sprinklers around the escalator opening.
4603.3.6 Escalators connection four or fewer stories. In other than Group B and M occupancies, escalators creating vertical openings connecting four or fewer stories shall be protected by either 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 shall be installed throughout the building, and a draft curtain with closely spaced sprinklers shall be installed around the escalator opening.
4603.3.7 Escalators connecting more than four stories. In other than Group B and M occupancies, escalators creating vertical openings connecting five or more stories shall be protected by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction.
4603.4 Sprinkler systems. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in existing buildings in accordance with Sections 4603.4.1 and 4603.4.2.
4603.4.1 Pyroxylin plastics. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout existing buildings where cellulose nitrate film or pyroxylin plastics are manufactured, stored or handled in quantities exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg). Vaults located within buildings for the storage of raw pyroxylin shall be protected with an approved automatic sprinkler system capable of discharging 1.66 gallons per minute per square foot (68 L/min/m2) over the area of the vault.
4603.4.2 Group I-2. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout existing Group I-2 fire areas. The sprinkler system shall be provided throughout the floor where the Group I-2 occupancy is located, and in all floors between the Group I-2 occupancy and the level of exit discharge.
4603.5 Standpipes. Existing structures with occupied floors located more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) above or below the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall be equipped with standpipes installed in accordance with Section 905. The standpipes shall have an approved fire department connection with hose connections at each floor level above or below the lowest level of fire department access. The fire code official is authorized to approve the installation of manual standpipe systems to achieve compliance with this section where the responding fire department is capable of providing the required hose flow at the highest standpipe outlet.
4603.6 Fire alarm systems. An approved fire alarm system shall be installed in existing buildings and structures in accordance with Sections 4603.6.1 through 4603.6.7 and provide occupant notification in accordance with Section 907.6 unless other requirements are provided by other sections of this code. Existing high-rise buildings shall comply with Section 4603.6.8.
Exception: Occupancies with an existing, previously approved fire alarm system.
4603.6.1 Group E. A fire alarm system shall be installed in existing Group E occupancies in accordance with Section 907.2.3.
Exceptions:
- A manual fire alarm system is not required in a building with a maximum area of 1,000 square feet (93 m2 that contains a single classroom and is located no closer than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from another building.
- A manual fire alarm system is not required in Group E occupancies with an occupant load less than 50.
4603.6.2 Group I-1. An automatic fire alarm system shall be installed in existing Group I-1 residential care/assisted living facilities in accordance with Section 907.2.6.1.
Exceptions:
- Manual fire alarm boxes in resident or patient sleeping areas shall not be required at exits if located at all nurses's control stations or other constantly attended staff locations, provided such stations are visible and continuously accessible and that travel distances required in Section 907.5.2 are not exceeded.
- Where each sleeping room has a means of egress door opening directly to an exterior egress balcony that leads directly to the exits in accordance with Section 1019, and the building is not more than three stories in height.
4603.6.3 Group I-2 and Group I-2.1. An automatic fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in existing Group I-2 occupancies in accordance with Section 907.2.6.2.
Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes in resident or patient sleeping areas shall not be required at exits if located at all nurses's control stations or other constantly attended staff locations, provided such stations are visible and continuously accessible and that travel distances required in Section 907.5.2.1 are not exceeded.
4603.6.3.1 Additional provisions for existing Group I Occupancies. In projects requiring the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development approval in existing Group I-2 and I-2.1 occupancies located in
531buildings defined as hospitals in Section 1250 of the Health and Safety Code, facilities not equipped with an automatic sprinkler system throughout shall be equipped with an automatic fire alarm system which responds to the products of combustion other than heat.
Exception: Heat detectors may be used in closets, unusable spaces under floor areas, storage rooms, bathrooms, and rooms of similar use.
4603.6.4 Group I-3. An automatic and manual fire alarm system shall be installed in existing Group I-3 occupancies in accordance with Section 907.2.6.3.
4603.6.5 Group R-1. A fire alarm system and smoke alarms shall be installed in existing Group R-1 occupancies in accordance with Sections 4603.6.5.1 through 4603.6.5.2.1.
4603.6.5.1 Group R-1 hotel and motel manual fire alarm system. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in existing Group R-1 hotels and motels more than three stories or with more than 20 sleeping units.
Exceptions:
- Buildings less than two stories in height where all sleeping units, attics and crawl spaces are separated by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction and each sleeping unit has direct access to a public way, exit court or yard.
- Manual fire alarm boxes are not required throughout the building when the following conditions are met:
- The building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler systeminstalled in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2;
- The notification appliances will activate upon sprinkler water flow; and
- At least one manual fire alarm box is installed at an approved location.
4603.6.5.1.1 Group R-1 hotel and motel automatic smoke detection system. An automatic smoke detection system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in existing Group R-1 hotels and motels throughout all interior corridors serving sleeping rooms not equipped with an approved, supervised sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.
Exception: An automatic smoke detection system is not required in buildings that do not have interior corridors serving sleeping units and where each sleeping unit has a means of egress door opening directly to an exit or to an exterior exit access that leads directly to an exit.
4603.6.5.2 Group R-1 boarding and rooming houses manual fire alarm system. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in existing Group R-1 boarding and rooming houses.
Exception: Buildings less than two stories in height where all sleeping units, attics and crawl spaces are separated by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction and each sleeping unit has direct access to a public way, exit court or yard.
4603.6.5.2.1 Group R-1 boarding and rooming houses automatic smoke detection system. An automatic smoke detection system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in existing Group R-1 boarding and rooming houses throughout all interior corridors serving sleeping units not equipped with an approved,supervised sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.
Exception: Buildings equipped with single-station smoke alarms meeting or exceeding the requirements of Section 907.2.11.1 and where the fire alarm system includes at least one manual fire alarm box per floor arranged to initiate the alarm.
4603.6.6 Group R-2. An automatic or manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in existing Group R-2 occupancies more than three stories in height or with more than 16 dwelling or sleeping units.
Exceptions:
- Where each living unit is separated from other contiguous living units by fire barriers having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 0.75 hour, and where each living unit has either its own independent exit or its own independent stairway or ramp discharging at grade.
- A separate fire alarm system is not required in buildings that are equipped throughout with an approved supervised automatic sprinkler systeminstalled in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and having a local alarm to notify all occupants.
- A fire alarm system is not required in buildings that do not have interior corridors serving dwelling units and are protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, provided that dwelling units either have a means of egress door opening directly to an exterior exit access that leads directly to the exits or are served by open-ended corridors designed in accordance with Section 1023.6, Exception 4.
4603.6.7 Group R-4. An automatic or manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.6 shall be installed in existing
532Group R-4 residential care/assisted living facilities in accordance with Section 907.2.10.
Exceptions:
- Where there are interconnected smoke alarms meeting the requirements of Section 907.2.11 and there is at least one manual fire alarm box per floor arranged to continuously sound the smoke alarms.
- Other manually activated, continuously sounding alarms approved by the fire code official.
4603.6.8 Existing Group R 1 and Group R 2 High-rise. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3412.23 of the California Building Code, every existing high-rise building used for the housing of a Group R-1 or Group R-2 Occupancies shall have installed therein a fire alarm system conforming to this subsection.
4603.6.8.1 General. Every apartment house and every hotel shall have installed therein an automatic or manually operated fire alarm system. Such fire alarm systems shall be so designed that all occupants of the building may be warned simultaneously.
4603.6.8.2 Installation. The installation of all fire alarm equipment shall be in accordance with this Code.
4603.6.9 Existing high-rise buildings.
4603.6.9.1 Fire alarm system. Every existing high-rise building shall be provided with an approved fire alarm system. In department stores, retail sales stores and similar occupancies where the general public is admitted, such systems shall be of a type capable of alerting staff and employees. In office buildings and all other high-rise buildings, such systems shall be of a type capable of alerting all occupants simultaneously.
Exceptions:
- In areas of public assemblage, the type and location of audible appliances shall be as determined by the enforcing agency.
- When acceptable to the enforcing agency, the occupant voice notification system required by California Building Code Section 3412.21 may be used in lieu of the fire alarm system.
4603.6.9.2 Existing systems. Existing fire alarm systems, when acceptable to the enforcing agency, shall be deemed as conforming to the provisions of these regulations.
4603.6.9.3 Annunciation. When a new fire alarm system is installed, it shall be connected to an annunciator panel installed in a location approved by the enforcing agency.
For purposes of annunciation, zoning shall be in accordance with Section 907.7.3.1.
4603.6.9.4 Monitoring. Shall be in accordance with section 907.7.5.
4603.6.9.5 Systems Interconnection. When an automatic fire detection system or automatic extinguishing system is installed, activation of such system shall cause the sounding of the fire alarm notification appliances at locations designated by the enforcing agency.
4603.6.9.6 Manual fire alarm boxes. A manual fire alarm box shall be provided in the locations designated by the enforcing agency. Such locations shall be where boxes are readily accessible and visible and in normal paths of daily travel by occupants of the building.
4603.6.9.7 Emergency voice/alarm communication system. An approved emergency voice/alarm commutation system shall be provided in every existing high-rise building which exceeds 150 feet (45720 mm) in height measured in the manner set forth in Section 403 of the California Building Code. Such system shall provide communication from a location available to and designated by the enforcing agency to not less than all public areas.
The emergency voice/alarm commutation system may be combined with a fire alarm system provide the combined system has been approved and listed by the State Fire Marshal. The sounding of a fire alarm signal in any given area or floor shall not prohibit voice communication to other areas of floors. Combination systems shall be designed to permit voice transmission to override the fire alarm signal, but the fire alarm signal shall not terminate in less than three minutes.
4603.6.9.8 Fire department system. When it is determined by test that portable fire department communication equipment is ineffective, a communication system acceptable to the enforcing agency shall be installed within the building to permit emergency communication between fire-suppression personnel.
4603.6.9.9 Smoke control systems. Existing air-circulation systems shall be provided with an override switch in a location approved by the enforcing agency which will allow for the manual control of shutdown of the systems.
Exception: Systems which serve only a single floor, or portion thereof, without any penetration by ducts or other means into adjacent floors.
4603.6.9.10 Elevator recall smoke detection. Smoke detection for emergency operation of elevators shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.4.3.
4603.7 Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms. Single-and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in existing Group R occupancies and in dwellings not classified as Group R occupancies in accordance with Sections 4603.7.1 through 4603.7.3.
4603.7.1 Where required. Existing Group R and Group I-1occupancies and dwellings not classified as Group R occupancies not already provided with single-station smoke alarms shall be provided with single-station smoke alarms. Installation shall be in accordance with Section 907.2.11, except as provided in Sections 4603.7.2 and 4603.7.3.
Exception: See Section 4603.7.5.
4603.7.2 Interconnection. Where more than one smoke alarm is required to be installed within an individual dwelling or sleeping unit, the smoke alarms shall be interconnected
533in such a manner that the activation of one alarm will activate all of the alarms in the individual unit. The alarm shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over background noise levels with all intervening doors closed.
Exceptions:
- Interconnection is not required in buildings that are not undergoing alterations, repairs or construction of any kind.
- Smoke alarms in existing areas are not required to be interconnected where alterations or repairs do not result in the removal of interior wall or ceiling finishes exposing the structure, unless there is an attic, crawl space or basement available which could provide access for interconnection without the removal of interior finishes.
4603.7.3 Power source. Single-station smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the building wiring provided that such wiring is served from a commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms with integral strobes that are not equipped with battery backup shall be connected to an emergency electrical system. Smoke alarms shall emit a signal when the batteries are low. Wiring shall be permanent and without a disconnecting switch other than as required for overcurrent protection.
Exceptions:
- Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery operated in existing buildings where no construction is taking place.
- Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery operated in buildings that are not served from a commercial power source.
- Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery operated in existing areas of buildings undergoing alterations or repairs that do not result in the removal of interior walls or ceiling finishes exposing the structure, unless there is an attic, crawl space or basement available which could provide access for building wiring without the removal of interior finishes.
4603.7.4 Group R-3.1. In all facilities housing a bedridden client, smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the building wiring when such wiring is served from a commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms shall be electrically interconnected so as to cause all smoke alarms to sound a distinctive alarm signal upon actuation of any single smoke alarm. Such alarm signal shall be audible throughout the facility at a minimal level of 15 db above ambient noise level. These devices need not be interconnected to any other fire alarm device, have a control panel, or be electrically supervised or provided with emergency power.
4603.7.5 Additional provisions for existing Group R-3 occupancies.
4603.7.5.1 Existing Buildings housing Group R-3 Occupancies established prior to the effective date of these regulations may have their use continued if they conform or are made to conform to provisions of these regulations to the extent that reasonable and adequate life safety against the hazards of fire, panic and explosion is substantially provided. Additional means of egress, the installation of automatic sprinkler systems, automatic fire alarm system or other life safety measures, may be required to provide reasonable and adequate safety.
Note: It is the intent of this sections that every existing occupancy need not mandatorily conform with the requirements for new construction. Reasonable judgment in the application of requirements must be exercised by the enforcing agency.
4603.7.5.2 For purposes of clarification, Health and Safety Code section 13113.7 is repeated.
However, if any local rule, regulation, or ordinance, adopted prior to the compliance dates specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) requires installation in a dwelling unit intended for human occupancy of smoke detector, which receive their power from the electrical system of the building and requires compliance with the local rule, regulation, or ordinance at a date subsequent to the dates specified in this section, the compliance date specified in the rule, regulation, or ordinance shall, but only with respect to the dwelling units specified in this section, take precedence over the dates specified in this section.
The State Fire Marshal may adopt regulations exempting dwellings intended for human occupancy with fire sprinkler systems from the provisions of this section, if he or she determines that a smoke detector is not reasonably necessary for fire safety in the occupancy.
Unless prohibited by local rules, regulations, or ordinances, a battery-operated smoke detector which otherwise meets the standards adopted pursuant to Section 13114 for smoke detectors, satisfies the requirements of this section.
An owner or the owner's agent may enter any dwelling unit, efficiency dwelling unit, guest room, and suite owned by the owner for the purpose of installing, repairing, testing, and maintaining single station smoke detectors required by this section. Except in cases of emergency, the owner or owner's agent shall give the tenants of each such unit, room, or suite reasonable notice in writing of the intention to enter and shall enter only during normal business hours. Twenty-four hours shall be presumed to be reasonable notice in absence of evidence to the contrary.
The smoke detector shall be operable at the time that the tenant takes possession. The apartment complex tenant shall be responsible for notifying the manager or owner if the tenant becomes aware of an inoperable smoke detector within his or her unit. The owner or authorized agent shall correct any reported deficiencies in the smoke detector and shall not be in violation of this section for a deficient smoke detector when he or she has not received notice of the deficiency.
4603.7.5.3 For purposes of clarification, Health and Safety Code section 13113.8 is repeated.
However, this subdivision does not apply to a licensee, as defined in Section 10011 of the Business and Professions Code, where the licensee participates in the making of the disclosure required to be made pursuant to this section with actual knowledge of the falsity of the disclosure.
4604.1 General. Means of egress in existing buildings shall comply with the minimum egress requirements when specified in Table 4603.1 as further enumerated in Sections 4604.2 through 4604.23, and the building code that applied at the time of construction. Where the provisions conflict, the most restrictive provision shall apply. Existing buildings that were not required to comply with a building code at the time of construction shall comply with the minimum egress requirements when specified in Table 4603.1 as further enumerated in Sections 4604.2 through 4604.23 and, in addition, shall have a life safety evaluation prepared, consistent with the requirements of Section 104.7.2. The life safety evaluation shall identify any changes to the means of egress that are necessary to provide safe egress to occupants and shall be subject to review and approval by the fire code official. The building shall be modified to comply with the recommendations set forth in the approved evaluation.
4604.2 Elevators, escalators and moving walks. Elevators, escalators and moving walks shall not be used as a component of a required means of egress.
Exceptions:
- Elevators used as an accessible means of egress where allowed by Section 1007.4.
- Previously approved escalators and moving walks in existing buildings.
4604.3 Exit sign illumination. Exit signs shall be internally or externally illuminated. The face of an exit sign illuminated from an external source shall have an intensity of not less than 5 foot-candles (54 lux). Internally illuminated signs shall provide equivalent luminance and be listed for the purpose.
Exception: Approved self-luminous signs that provide evenly illuminated letters shall have a minimum luminance of 0.06 foot-lamberts (0.21 cd/m2).
4604.4 Power source. Where emergency illumination is required in Section 4604.5, exit signs shall be visible under emergency illumination conditions.
Exception: Approved signs that provide continuous illumination independent of external power sources are not required to be connected to an emergency electrical system.
4604.5 Illumination emergency power. The power supply for means of egress illumination shall normally be provided by the premises' electrical supply. In the event of power supply failure, illumination shall be automatically provided from an emergency system for the following occupancies where such occupancies required two or more means of egress:
Exception: Assembly occupancies used exclusively as place of worship and having an occupant load of less than 300.
Exception: Buildings used only during daylight hours which are provided with windows for natural light in accordance with the International Building Code.
Exception: Buildings less than 3,000 square feet (279 m2) in gross sales area on one story only, excluding mezzanines.
Exception: Where each sleeping unit has direct access to the outside of the building at grade.
Exception: Where each dwelling unit or sleeping unit has direct access to the outside of the buildings at grade.
Exception: Where each sleeping unit has direct access to the outside of the outside of the building at ground level.
4604.5.1 Emergency power duration and installation. In other than Group 1-2, the emergency power system shall provide power for not less than 60 minutes and consist of storage batteries, unit equipment or an on-site generator. In Group 1-2, the emergency power system shall provide power for not less than 90 minutes and consist of storage batteries, unit equipment or an on-site generator. The installation of the emergency power system shall be in accordance with Section 604.
4604.6 Guards. Guards complying with this section shall be provided at the open sides of means of egress that are more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below.
4604.6.1 Height of guards. Guards shall form a protective barrier not less than 42 inches (1067 mm) high.
Exceptions:
- Existing guards on the open side of stairs shall be not less than 30 inches (760 mm) high.
- Existing guards within dwelling units shall be not less than 36 inches (910 mm) high.
- Existing guards in assembly seating areas.
4604.6.2 Opening limitations. Open guards shall have balusters or ornamental patterns such that a 6-inch-diameter (152 mm) sphere cannot pass through any opening up to a height of 34 inches (864 mm).
Exceptions:
- At elevated walking surfaces for access to, and use of, electrical, mechanical or plumbing systems or equipment, guards shall have balusters or be of solid materials such that a sphere with a diameter of 21 inches (533 mm) cannot pass through any opening.
- In occupancies in Group 1-3, F, H or S, the clear distance between intermediate rails measured at right angles to the rails shall not exceed 21 inches (533 mm).
- Approved existing open guards.
4604.7 Minimum required egress width. The means of egress width shall not be less than as required by the code under which constructed but not less than as required by this section. The total width of means of egress in inches (mm) shall not be less than the total occupant load served by the means of egress multiplied by the factors in Table 4604.7 and not less than specified elsewhere in this section. Multiple means of egress shall be size such that the loss of any one means of egress shall not reduce the available capacity to less than 50 percent of the required capacity. The maximum capacity required from any story of a building shall be maintained to the termination of the means of egress.
4604.8 Size of doors. The minimum width of each door opening shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof and shall provide a clear width of not less than 28 inches (711 mm). Where this section requires a minimum clear width of 28 inches (711 mm) and a door opening includes two door leaves without a mullion, one leaf shall provide a clear opening width of 28 inches (711 mm). The maximum width of a swinging door leaf shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) nominal.Means of egress doors in an occupancy in Group I-2 used for the movement of beds shall provide a clear width not less than 41.5
OCCUPANCY | WITHOUT SPRINKLER SYSTEM | WITH SPRINKLER SYSTEMa | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Stairways (inches per occupant) | Other egress components (inches per occupant) | Stairways (inches per occupant) | Other egress components (inches per occupant) | |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. | ||||
a. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 90.3.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. | ||||
Occupancies other than those listed below | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
Hazardous: H-1, H-2, H-3 and H-4 | Not permitted | Not permitted | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Institutional: I-2 | Not permitted | Not permitted | 0.3 | 0.2 |
inches (1054 mm). The height of doors shall not be less than 80 inches (2032 mm).
Exceptions:
- The minimum and maximum width shall not apply to door openings that are not part of the required means of egress in occupancies in Group R-2 and R-3.
- Door openings to storage closets less than 10 squire feet (0.93 m2) in area shall not be limited by the minimum width.
- Width of door leafs in revolving doors that comply with Section 1008.1.4.1 shall not be limited.
- Door openings within a dwelling unit shall not be less than 78 inches (1981 mm) in height.
- Exterior door openings in dwelling units, other than the required exit door, shall not be less than 76 inches (1930 mm) in height.
- Exit access doors serving a room not larger than 70 square feet (6.5 m2) shall be not less than 24 inches (610 mm) in door width.
4604.9 Opening force for doors. The opening force for interior side-swinging doors without closers shall not exceed a 5-pound (22 N) force. For other side-swinging, sliding and folding doors, the door latch shall release when subjected to a force of not more than 15 pounds (66 N). The door shall be set in motion when subjected to a force not exceeding 30 pounds (133 N). The door shall swing to a full-open position when subjected to a force of not more than 50 pounds (222 N). Forces shall be applied to the latch side.
4604.10 Revolving doors. Revolving doors shall comply with the following:
Exceptions:
- A revolving door is permitted to be used without an adjacent swinging door for street-floor elevator lobbies provided a stairway, escalator or door from other parts of the building does not discharge through the lobby and the lobby does not have any occupancy or use other than as a means of travel between elevators and a street.
- Existing revolving doors where the number of revolving doors does not exceed the number of swinging doors within 20 feet (6096 mm).
INSIDE DIAMETER | POWER-DRIVEN-TYPE SPEED CONTROL(RPM) | MANUAL-TYPE SPEED CONTROL (RPM) |
---|---|---|
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | ||
6′ 6″ | 11 | 12 |
7′ 0″ | 10 | 11 |
7′ 6″ | 9 | 11 |
8′ 0″ | 9 | 10 |
8′ 6″ | 8 | 9 |
9′ 0″ | 8 | 9 |
9′ 6″ | 7 | 8 |
10′ 0″ | 7 | 8 |
4604.10.1 Egress component. A revolving door used as a component of a means of egress shall comply with Section 4604.10 and all of the following conditions:
4604.11 Stair dimensions for existing stairs. Existing stairs in buildings shall be permitted to remain if the rise does not exceed 8¼ inches (210 mm) and the run is not less than 9 inches (229 mm). Existing stairs can be rebuilt.
Exception: Other stairs approved by the fire code official.
4604.11.1 Dimensions for replacement stairs. The replacement of an existing stairway in a structure shall not be required to comply with the new stairway requirements of Section 1009 where the existing space and construction will not allow a reduction in pitch or slope.
4604.12 Winders. Existing winders shall be allowed to remain in use if they have a minimum tread depth of 6 inches (152 mm) and a minimum tread depth of 9 inches (229 mm) at a point 12 inches (305 mm) from the narrowest edge.
4604.13 Circular stairways. Existing circular stairs shall be allowed to continue in use provided the minimum depth of tread is 10 inches (254 mm) and the smallest radius shall not be less than twice the width of the stairway.
4604.14 Stairway handrails. Stairways shall have handrails on at least one side. Handrails shall be located so that all portions of the stairway width required for egress capacity are within 44 inches (1118 mm) of a handrail.
538Exception: Aisle stair provided with a center handrail are not required to have additional handrails.
4604.1.4.1 Height. Handrail height, measured above stair tread nosings, shall be uniform, not less than 30 inches (762 mm) and not more than 42 inches (1067 mm).
4604.15 Slope of ramps. Ramp runs utilized as part of a means of egress shall have a running slope not steeper than one unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10-percent slope). The slope of other ramps shall not be steeper than one unit vertical in eight units horizontal (12.5-percent slope).
4604.16 Width of ramps. Existing ramps are permitted to have a minimum width of 30 inches (762 mm) but not less than the width required for the number of occupants served as determined by Section 1005.1.
4604.17 Fire escape stairs. Fire escape stairs shall comply with Sections 4604.17.1 through 4604.17.7.
4604.17.1 Existing means of egress. Fire escape stairs shall be permitted in existing buildings but shall not constitute more than 50 percent of the required exit capacity.
4604.17.2 Protection of openings. Openings within 10 feet (3048 mm) of fire escape stairs shall be protected by fire door assemblies having a minimum ¾-hour fire-resistance rating.
Exception: In buildings equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system, opening protection is not required.
4604.17.3 Dimensions. Fire escape stairs shall meet the minimum width, capacity, riser height and tread depth as specified in Section 4604.11.
4604.17.4 Access. Access to a fire escape from a corridor shall not be through an intervening room. Access to a fire escape stair shall be from a door or window meeting the criteria of Section 1005.1. Access to a fire escape stair shall be directly to a balcony, landing or platform. These shall be no higher than the floor or window sill level and no lower than 8 inches (203 mm) below the floor level or 18 inches (457 mm) below the window sill.
4604.17.5 Materials and strength. Components of fire escape stairs shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. Fire escape stairs and balconies shall support the dead load plus a live load of not less than 100 pounds per square foot (4.78 kN/m2). Fire escape stairs and balconies shall be provided with a top and intermediate handrail on each side. The fire code official is authorized to require testing or other satisfactory evidence than an existing fire escape stair meets the requirements of this section.
4604.17.6 Termination. The lowest balcony shall not be more than 18 feet (5486 mm) from the ground. Fire escape stairs shall extend to the ground or be provided with counterbalanced stairs reaching the ground.
Exception: For fire escape stairs serving 10 or fewer occupants, an approved fire escape ladder is allowed to serve as the termination.
4604.17.7 Maintenance. Fire escapes shall be kept clear and unobstructed at all times and shall be maintained in good working order.
4604.18 Corridors. Corridors serving an occupant load greater than 30 and the openings therein shall provide an effective barrier to resist the movement of smoke. Transome, louvers, doors and other openings shall be kept closed or self-closing.
Exceptions:
- Corridors in occupancies other than in Group H, which are equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
- Patient room doors in corridors in occupancies in Group 1-2 where smoke barriers are provided in accordance with the International Building Code.
- Corridors in occupancies in Group E where each room utilized for instruction or assembly has at least one-half of the required means of egress doors opening directly to the exterior of the building at ground level.
- Corridors that are in accordance with the International Building Code.
4604.18.1 Corridor openings. Openings in corridor walls shall comply with the requirements of the International Building Code.
Exceptions:
- Where 20-minute fire door assemblies are required, solid wood doors at least 1.75 inches (44 mm) thick or insulated steel doors are allowed.
- Openings protected with fixed wire glass set in steel frames.
- Openings covered with 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard or 0.75-inch (19.1 mm) plywood on the room side.
- Opening protection is not required when the building is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
4604.18.2 Dead ends. Where more than one exit or exit access doorway is required, the exit access shall be arranged such that dead ends do not exceed the limits specified in Table 4604.18.2.
Exception: A dead-end passageway or corridor shall not be limited in length where the length of the dead-end passageway or corridor is less than 2.5 times the least width of the dead-end passageway or corridor.
4604.18.3 Exit access travel distance. Exits shall be located so that the maximum length of exit access travel, measured from the most remote point to an approved exit along the natural and unobstructed path of egress travel, does not exceed the distances given the Table 4604.18.2.
539OCCUPANCY | COMMON PATH LIMIT | DEAD-END LIMIT | TRAVEL DISTANCE LIMIT | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unsprinklered (feet) | Sprinklered (feet) | Unsprinklered (feet) | Sprinklered (feet) | Unsprinklered (feet) | Sprinklered (feet) | |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | ||||||
a. 20 feet for common path serving 50 or more persons; 75 feet for common path serving less than 50 persons. | ||||||
b. See Section 1028.9.5 for dead-end aisles in Group A occupancies. | ||||||
c. This dimension is for the total travel distance, assuming incremental portions have fully utilized their allowable maximums. For travel distance within the room, and from the room exit access door to the exit, see the appropriate occupancy chapter. | ||||||
d. See the International Building Code for special requirements on spacing of doors in aircraft hangars. | ||||||
e. Any patient sleeping room, or any suite that includes patient sleeping rooms, of more than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) shall have at least two exit access doors placed a distance apart equal to not less than one-third of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the patient sleeping room or suite to be served, measured in a straight line between exit access doors. | ||||||
NR = No requirements. | ||||||
Group A | 20/75a | 20/75a | 20b | 20b | 200 | 250 |
Group B | 75 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 200 | 250 |
Group E | 75 | 75 | 20 | 50 | 200 | 250 |
Group F-1, S-1d | 75 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 200 | 250 |
Group F-2, S-2d | 75 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 300 | 400 |
Group H-1 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 75 |
Group H-2 | 50 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 100 |
Group H-3 | 50 | 100 | 20 | 20 | 100 | 150 |
Group H-4 | 75 | 75 | 20 | 20 | 150 | 175 |
Group H-5 | 75 | 75 | 20 | 20 | 150 | 200 |
Group 1-1 | 75 | 75 | 20 | 50 | 200 | 250 |
Group 1-2 (Health Care) | NRe | NR | NR | NR | 150 | 200c |
Group 1-3 (Detention and Correctional— Use Conditions II, III, IV, V) | 100 | 100 | NR | NR | 150c | 200c |
Group 1-4 (Day Care Centers) | NR | NR | 20 | 20 | 200 | 250 |
Group M (Covered Mall) | 75 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 200 | 400 |
Group M (Mercantile) | 75 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 200 | 250 |
Group R-1 (Hotels) | 75 | 75 | 50 | 50 | 200 | 250 |
Group R-2 (Apartments) | 75 | 75 | 50 | 50 | 200 | 250 |
Group R-3 (One- and Two- Family) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Group R-4 (Residential Care/Assisted Living) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Group U | 75 | 75 | 20 | 50 | 200 | 250 |
4604.18.4 Common path of egress travel. The common-path of egress travel shall not exceed the distances given in Table 4604.18.2.
4604.19 Stairway discharge identification. A Stairway in an exit enclosure which continues below its level of exit discharge shall be arranged and marked to make the direction of egress to a public way readily identifiable.
Exception: Stairs than continue one-half story beyond their levels of exit discharge need not be provided with barriers where the exit discharge is obvious.
4604.20 Exterior stairway protection. Exterior exit stairs shall be separated from the interior of the building as required in Section 1026.6. Openings shall be limited to those necessary for egress from normally occupied spaces.
Exceptions:
- Separation from the interior of the building is not required for buildings that are two stories or less above grade where the level of exit discharge serving such occupancies is the first story above grade.
- Separation from the interior of the building is not required where the exterior stairway is served by an exterior balcony that connects two remote exterior stairways or other approved exits, with a perimeter that is not less than 50 percent open. To be considered open, the opening shall be a minimum of 50 percent of the height of the enclosing wall, with the top of the opening not less than 7 feet (2134 mm) above the top of the balcony. 540
- Separation from the interior of the building is not required for an exterior stairway located in a building or structure that is permitted to have unenclosed interior stairways in accordance with Section 1022.
- Separation from the interior of the building is not required for exterior stairways connected to open-ended corridors, provided that:
- The building, including corridors and stairs, is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
- The open-ended corridors comply with Section 1018.
- The open-ended corridors are connected on each end to an exterior exit stairway complying with Section 1026.
- At any location in an open-ended corridor where a change of direction exceeding 45 degrees occurs, a clear opening of not less than 35 square feet (3 m2) or an exterior stairway shall be provided. Where clear openings are provided, they shall be located so as to minimize the accumulation of smoke or toxic gases.
4604.21 Minimum aisle width. The minimum clear width of aisles shall be:
Exception: Thirty-six inches (914 mm) where the aisle serves less than 50 seats.
Exception: Thirty inches (760 mm) for catchment areas serving not more than 60 seats.
Exception: Thirty-six inches (914 mm) where the aisle serves less than 50 seats.
Exception: Thirty inches (760 mm) for catchment areas serving not more than 60 seats.
4604.22 Stairway floor number signs. Existing stairs shall be marked in accordance with Section 1022.8.
4604.23 Egress path markings. Existing buildings of Groups A, B, E, I, M and R-1 having occupied floors located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall be provided with luminous egress path markings in accordance with Section 1024.
Exception: Open, unenclosed stairwells in historic buildings designated as historic under a state or local historic preservation program.
4605.1 Tire storage yards. Existing tire storage yards shall be provided with fire apparatus access roads in accordance with Sections 4605.1.1 and 4605.1.2.
4605.1.1 Access to piles. Access roadways shall be within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of any point in the storage yard where storage piles are located, at least 20 feet (6096 mm) from any storage pile.
4605.1.2 Location within piles. Fire apparatus access roads shall be located within all pile clearances identified in Section 2505.4 and within all fire breaks required in Section 2505.5.
4606.1 Group A occupancy public address system. Existing buildings or structures intended for public assemblies of 10,000 or more persons, which, on or after January 1, 1991 have or subsequently have installed a public address system, shall have an emergency backup power system for the public address system.
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
ASME BPE-2009 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
FM3260-00 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
FM3011-99 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
FM4430-80 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
ICC ES AC 331 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
ICC ES AC 77 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
NFPA 13-10 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
NFPA 13D-10 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
NFPA 13R-10 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
NFPA 14-07 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
NFPA 24-10 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
NFPA 32-07 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
NFPA 37-06 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
NFPA 54-09 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
NFPA 59A-06 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
NFPA 72-10 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
NFPA 92a-09 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
NFPA 2001-08 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
SFM 12-3 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
SFM 12-7-3 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
SFM 12-7A-1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
SFM 12-7A-2 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
SFM 12-7A-3 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
SFM 12-7A-4 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
SFM 12-7A-4A | X | ||||||||||||||||||
SFM 12-7A-5 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
SFM 12-8-100 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
SFM 12-10-1 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
SFM 12-10-2 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
SFM 12-10-3 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 13-96 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 38-99 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 193-04 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 199-95 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 217-06 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 228-97 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 260-04 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 262-04 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 268A-98 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 312-04 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 346-05 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 464-03 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 497B-04 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 521-99 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 539-00 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 632-00 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 753-04 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 813-96 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
UL 864-03 | X |
This chapter lists the standards that are referenced in various sections of this document. The standards are listed herein by the promulgating agency of the standard, the standard identification, the effective date and title, and the section or sections of this document that reference the standard. The application of the referenced standards shall be as specified in Sections 1.1.5, 1.1.7 and 102.6.
AASHTO | American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street, Northwest, #249 Washington, DC 20001 |
|
Standard reference number | Title | Referenced in code section number |
HB-17—2002 | Specification for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition 2002 | 503.2.6 |
AFSI | Architectural Fabric Structures Institute c/o Industrial Fabric Association International 1801 County Road B West Roseville, MN 55113 |
|
ASI—77 | Design and Standard Manual | 2403.10.2 |
API | American Petroleum Institute 1220 L Street, Northwest Washington, DC 20005 |
|
Spec 12P—(1995) (Reaffirmed 2000) | Specification for Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Tanks | 3404.2.13.1.5 |
RP 651—(1997) | Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tanks | 3406.7, 3406.7.1 |
Std 653—(2001) | Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction | 3406.7 |
RP 752—(2003) | Management of Hazards Associated with Location of Process Plant Buildings, CMA Managers Guide | 3406.7 |
RP 1604—(1996) | Closure of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks | 3404.2.13 |
RP 1615—(1996) | Installation of Underground-petroleum Storage Systems | 3404.2.13.1.5, 3406.7 |
Std 2000—(1998) | Venting Atmosphere and Low-pressure Storage Tanks: Nonrefrigerated and Refrigerated | 3404.2.7.3.6 |
RP 2001—(2005) | Fire Protection in Refineries, 8th Edition | 3406.7 |
RP 2003—(1998) | Protection Against Ignitions Arising out of Static, Lightning and Stray Currents | 3406.7 |
Publ 2009—(2002) | Safe Welding and Cutting Practices in Refineries, Gas Plants and Petrochemical Plants | 3406.7 |
Std 2015—(2001) | Safe Entry and Clearing of Petroleum Storage Tanks | 3406.7, 3406.7.2 |
RP 2023—(2001) | Guide for Safe Storage and Handling of Heated Petroleum-derived Asphalt Products and Crude-oil Residue | 3406.7, 3406.7.3 |
Publ 2028—(2002) | Flame Arrestors in Piping Systems | 3404.2.7.3.2 |
Publ 2201—(2003) | Procedures for Welding or Hot Tapping on Equipment in Service | 3406.7 |
RP 2350—(2005) | Overfill Protection for Storage Tanks in Petroleum Facilities, 3rd Edition | 3404.2.7.5.8, 3406.4.6, 3406.7 |
ASME | The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990 |
|
A13.1—96 (Reaffirmed 2002) | Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems | 2609.3, 2703.2.2.1, 3003.4.3, 3203.4.5, 3403.5.2 |
A17.1-2007/CSA B44-07 | Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators | 508.1.5, 607.1, 907.4.3, 1007.4545 |
A17.3—2005 | Safety Code for Existing Elevators and Escalators | 4603.2 |
A18.1—2005 | Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway Chair Lifts | 604.2.6 |
B16.18—2001 (Reaffirmed 2005) | Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings | 909.13.1 |
B16.22—2001 (Reaffirmed 2005) | Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder-joint Pressure Fittings | 909.13.1 |
B31.1—2004 | Power Piping | Table 3403.6.2 |
B31.3—2004 | Process Piping | 2209.5.4.3.1, 2703.2.2.2, Table 3403.6.2 |
B31.4—2006 | Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids | Table 3403.6.2 |
B31.9—2004 | Building Services Piping | Table 3403.6.2, 3403.6.3, 3403.6.11 |
BPE—2009 | Bio-processing Equipment Standard | |
BPVC—2004 | ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (Sections I, II, IV, V & VI, VIII) | 2209.5.4.2, 2703.2.1, 3003.2, 3003.3.2, 3203.4.3, 3203.7, 3404.2.13.1.5, 3506.3.1, 3506.4.1, 3506.4.8 |
ASTM | ASTM International 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 |
|
B42—02e01 | Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes | 909.13.1 |
B43—98(2004) | Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes | 909.13.1 |
B 68—02 | Specification for Seamless Copper Tube, Bright Annealed | 909.13.1 |
B 88—03 | Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube | 909.13.1 |
B 251—02e01 | Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper-alloy Tube | 909.13.1 |
B 280—03 | Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service | 909.13.1 |
D 56—05 | Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester | 3402.1 |
D 86—07a | Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure | 2702.1 |
D 92—05a | Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup | 1501.2, 3401.2, 3402.1 |
D 93—07 | Test Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Up Tester | 3402.1 |
D 323—06 | Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Methods) | 2702.1 |
D 3278—(2004)e01 | Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-cup Apparatus | 3402.1 |
E 84—07 | Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials | 802.1, 803.1, 803.1.1, 803.1.2, 803.5.1, 803.6.2, 803.9, 804.1, 804.1.1, 804.2.4 |
E 681—04 | Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases) | 3502.1 |
E 1354—04a | Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter | 304.3.2, 304.3.4, 317.1, 808.1 |
E 1529—06 | Test Method for Determining Effects of Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and Assemblies | 3404.2.9.2.3 |
E 1537—07 | Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furniture | 805.1.1.2, 805.2.1.2, 805.3.1.2, 805.4.1.2 |
E 1590—07 | Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses | 805.1.2.2, 805.2.2.2, 805.3.2.2, 805.4.2.2 |
E 1966—01 | Test Method for Fire-resistant Joint Systems | 702.1 |
E 2072—04 | Standard Specification for Pholuminescent (Phosphorescent) Safety Markings | 1024.4 |
E 2404—07a | Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Textile, Paper or Vinyl Wall or Ceiling Coverings to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics | 803.6.2 |
E 2573—07 | Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Site-fabricated Stretch Systems to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics | 803.9 |
F 2200—05 | Standard Specification for Automated Vehicular Gate Construction | 503.5, 503.6, D103.5 |
BHMA | Builders Hardware Manufactures’ Association 355 Lexington Avenue, 17th Floor New York, NY 10017-6603 |
|
A156.10—05 | American National Standard for Power-operated Pedestrian Doors | 1008.1.4.2 |
A156.19—02 | American National Standard for Power Assist and Low-energy Power-operated Doors | 1008.1.4.2546 |
CA | State of California Department of Consumer Affairs Bureau of Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation 3485 Orange Grove Avenue North Higthlands, CA 95660-5595 |
|
California Technical Bulletin 129—1992 | Flammability Test Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public Buildings | 805.1.1.2, 805.2.2.2, 805.3.2.2, 805.4.2.2 |
California Technical Bulletin 133—1991 | Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies | 805.1.1.2, 805.2.1.2, 805.4.1.2 |
CGA | Compressed Gas Association 4221 Walney Road, 16th Floor Arlington, VA 20151-2923 |
|
C-7—(2004) | Guide to the Preparation of Precautionary Labeling and Marking of Compressed Gas Containers | 3003.4.2, 3203.4.2 |
G-13—(2006) | Storage and Handling of Silane and Silane Mixtures (an American National Standard) | 4104.1, 4104.2, 4105.3 |
P-1—(2000) | Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers | 3005.7 |
ANSI/P-18—(2006) | Standard for Bulk Insert Gas Systems at Consumer Sites (an American National Standard) | 3201.1 |
P-20—(2003) | Standard for Classification of Toxic Mixtures | E103.1.3.1 |
P-23—(2003) | Standard for Categorizing Gas Mixtures Containing Flammable and Nonflammable Components | E102.1.2 |
S-1.1—(2005) | Relief Device Standards—Part 1—Cylinders for Compressed Gases | 2209.5.4.2, 3003.3.2, 3203.2 |
S-1.2—(2005) | Pressure Relief Device Standards—Part 2—Cargo and Portable Tanks for Compressed Gases | 2209.5.4.2, 3003.3.2, 3203.2 |
S-1.3—(2005) | Pressure Relief Device Standards—Part 3—Stationary Storage Containers for Compressed Gases | 2209.5.4.2, 2209.5.4.3.5, 3003.3.2, 3203.2 |
V-1—(2005) | Standard for Gas Cylinder Valve Outlet and Inlet Connections | 2605.2.1 |
CGR | Coast Guard Regulations c/o Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402-9325 |
|
46 CFR Parts 30, 32, 35 & 39—1999 | Shipping | 3406.8 |
CPSC | Consumer Product Safety Commission 4330 East West Highway Bethesda, MD 20814 |
|
16 CFR Part 1500.41—1984 | Method for Testing Primary Irritant Substances | 202 |
16 CFR Part 1500.42—1984 | Test for Eye Irritants | 202 |
16 CFR Part 1500.44—2001 | Method for Testing Extremely Flammable and Flammable Solids | 3602.1 |
16 CFR Part 1500—1984 | Hazardous Substances and Articles; Administration and Enforcement Regulations | 3301.1.3, 3302.1 |
16 CFR Part 1507—2001 | Fireworks Devices | 3301.1.3, 3302.1547 |
DOC | U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20230 |
|
16 CFR Part 1632—1999 | Standard for the Flammability of Mattress and Mattress Pads (FF 4—72, Amended) | 805.1.2.1, 805.2.2.1, 805.3.2.1, 805.4.2.1 |
DOL | U.S. Department of Labor c/o Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402-9325 |
|
29 CFR Part 1910.1000—1974 | Air Contaminants | 1204.2.1, 2702.1 |
29 CFR Part 1910.1200—1999 | Hazard Communication | 2702.1, 3303.6 |
DOTn | U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Hazardous Material Safety 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE East Building, 2nd Floor Washington, DC 20590 |
|
33 CFR Part 154—1998 | Facilities Transferring Oil or Hazardous Material in Bulk | 3406.8 |
33 CFR Part 155—1998 | Oil or Hazardous Material Pollution Prevention Regulations for Vessels | 3406.8 |
33 CFR Part 156—1998 | Oil and Hazardous Material Transfer Operations | 3406.8 |
49 CFR Parts 100-185—2005 | Hazardous Materials Regulations | 2605.4, 3003.2, 3203.4.3, 3203.7, 3301.1, 3301.1.3, 3301.3, 3302.1, 3406.5.1.1.15 |
49 CFR Part 172—2005 | Hazardous Materials Tables, Special Provisions, Hazardous Materials Communications, Emergency Response Information and Training Requirements | 3304.6.5.2 |
49 CFR Part 173—2005 | Shippers—General Requirements for Shipments and Packagings | 3306.3 |
49 CFR Part 173.137—2005 | Shippers—General Requirements for Shipments and Packagings: Class 8—Assignment of Packing Group | 3102.1 |
DOTy | U.S. Department of Treasury c/o Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402-9325 |
|
27 CFR Part 55—1998 | Commerce in Explosives, as amended through April 1, 1998 | 3302.1, 3304.6.5.2 |
EN | European Committee for Standardization (EN) Central Secretariat Rue de Stassart 36 B-10 50 Brussels |
|
European Standard EN 1081 | 1998 Resilient Floor Coverings—Determination of the Electrical Resistance | 2209.5.1.1548 |
EPA | Environmental Protection Agency Ariel Rios Building 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 |
|
40 CFR Part 355—2008 | Emergency Planning and Notification | H101.4 |
FCC | Federal Communications Commission Wireless Telecommunications Bureau (WTB) 445 12th Street, SW Washington, DC 20554 |
|
47 CFR Part 90.219—2007 | Private Land Mobile Radio Services—Use of Signal Boosters | J103.2.5 |
FM | Factory Mutual Standards Laboratories Department 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike Norwood, MA 02062 |
|
3260—00 | Radiant Energy-Sensing Fire Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling | |
3011—99 | Approval Standard for Central Station Service for Fire Alarm and Protective Equipment Supervision | 907.7.5.2 |
4430—80 | Acceptance Criteria for Smoke and Heat Vents | 910.3.1 |
ICC | International Code Council, Inc. 500 New Jersey Avenue, NW, 6th Floor Washington, DC 20001 |
|
ICC 300—07 | Standard on Bleachers, Folding and Telescopic Seating and Grandstands | 1028.1.1 |
ICC ES AC 331 | Acceptance Criteria for Smoke and Heat Vents | 910.3.1 |
ICC ES AC 77 | Acceptance Criteria for Smoke Containment Systems Used with Fire-resistance-rated Elevator Hoistway Doors and Frames | 707.14.1 |
IWUIC—09 | International Wildland-Urban Interface Code® | B103.3 |
ISO | International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO Central Secretariat 1 ch, de la Voie-Creuse, Case Postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland |
|
ISO 8115—86 | Cotton Bales—Dimenstions and Density | Table 1804.2.2.1, Table 2703.1.1(1) |
NEMA | National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association 1300 N. 17th Street, Suite 1752 Rosslyn, VA 22209 |
|
250—2003 | Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1,000 Volt Maximum) | 3705.2 549 |
NFPA | National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA 02169-7471 |
|
10—07 | Portable Fire Extinguishers | Table 901.6.1, 906.2, 906.3, Table 906.3(1), Table 906.3(2), 906.3.2, 906.3.4, 2106.3, 1101.1 |
11—05 | Low-, Medium- and High-expansion Foam | 904.7, 3404.2.9.2.2 |
12—05 | Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems | Table 901.6.1, 904.8, 904.11 |
12A—04 | Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems | Table 901.6.1, 904.9 |
13—10 | Installation of Sprinkler Systems as amended* | 903.3.1.1, 903.3.2, 903.3.5.1.1, 903.3.5.2, 904.11, 905.3.4, 907.7.3, 2301.1, 2304.2, Table 2306.2, 2306.9, 2307.2, 2307.2.1, 2308.2.2, 2308.2.2.1, 2308.4, 2310.1, 2501.1, 2804.1, 2806.5.7, 3404.3.3.9, Table 3404.3.6.3(7), 3404.3.7.5.1, 3404.3.8.4 |
NFPA 13, Amended Sections as follows: | ||
*Revise Section 2.2 and add publications as follows: 2.2 NFPA Publications. NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protections Systems, 2006 California edition. |
||
*Revise Section 8.15.1.2.15 as follows: 8.15.1.2.15 Exterior columns under 10 ft2 (0.93m2) in total area, formed by studs or wood joist, with no sources of ignition within the column, supporting exterior canopies that are fully protected with a sprinkler system, shall not require sprinkler protection. |
||
Revise Section 8.15.7.1* as follows: 8.15.7.1* Unless the requirements of 8.15.7.2 are met, sprinklers shall be installed under exterior roofs, canopies, porte-cochere, balconies, decks, or similar projections exceeding 4 ft (1.2 m) in width. |
||
Revise Section 8.15.7.2* as follows: 8.15.7.2* Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted where the canopies, roofs, balconies, decks, or similar projections are constructed with materials that are noncombustible, limited-combustible, or fire retardant treated wood as defined in NFPA 703, Standard for Fire Retardant-Treated Wood and Fire-Retardant Coatings for Building Materials. |
||
Delete Section A.8.15.7.2 of Annex | ||
Revise Section 8.15.7.3 8.15.7.3 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted from below the canopies, roofs, balconies, decks, or similar projections are combustible construction, provided the exposed finish material on the roof, or canopy is noncombustible, limited-combustible, or fire retardant treated wood as defined in NFPA 703, Standards for Fire Retardant-Treated Wood and Fire-Retardant Coatings for Building Materials, and the roofs, or canopies contains only sprinklered concealed spaces or any of the following unsprinklered combustible concealed spaces:
|
||
Delete language to section 8.15.7.4 and reserve section number. 8.15.7.4. |
||
Revise Annex Section A.8.15.7.5 as follows: A.8.15.7.5 The presence of planters, newspaper machines and similar items, should not be considered storage. |
||
Add new Sections 8.16.1.1.1.4 and 8.16.1.1.1.5 as follows: 8.16.1.1.1.4 Where a system includes floor control valves, a hydraulic design information sign containing information for the floor shall be provided at each floor control valve. A hydraulic design information sign shall be provided for each area calculated. The installing contractor shall identify a hydraulically designed sprinkler system with a permanently marked weatherproof metal or rigid plastic sign secured with corrosion resistant wire, chain or other approved means. Such signs shall be placed at the alarm valve, dry pipe valve, preaction valve or deluge valve supplying the corresponding hydraulically designed area. 8.16.1.1.1.5 Control valves, check valves, drain valves and antifreeze valves shall be readily accessible for inspection, testing, and maintenance. Valves located more than 7 feet (2134 mm) above the finished floor shall be provided with a means of opening and closing the valve from the floor level.550 |
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Revise Section 8.16.1.5.1 as follows: 8.16.1.5.1 Private fire service main systems shall have sectional control valves at appropriate points in order to permit sectionalizing the system in the event of a break or for the making of repairs or extensions. |
||
Add new Sections 8.16.1.5.1.1, 8.16.1.5.1.2 and 8.16.1.5.1.3 as follows: 8.16.1.5.1.1 Sectional control valves are not required when the fire service main system serves less than six fire appurtenances. 8.16.1.5.1.2 Sectional control valves shall be indicating valves in accordance with Section 6.7.1.3. 8.16.1.5.1.3 Sectional control valves shall be located so that no more than five fire appurtenances are affected by shut-down of any single portion of the fire service main. Each fire hydrant, fire sprinkler system riser and standpipe riser shall be considered a separate fire appurtenance. In-rack sprinkler systems shall not be considered as a separate appurtenance. 8.16.1.5.1.4 The number of fire appurtenances between sectional control valves is allowed to be modified by the authority having jurisdiction. |
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Revise Section 8.16.1.5.2 as follows: 8.16.1.5.2 A valve shall be provided on each bank where a main crosses a body of water or outside the building foundation(s) where the main or section of main runs under a building. |
||
Add new Section 9.1.3.9.1.1 as follows: 9.1.3.9.1.1 Powder-driven studs used for attaching hangers to the building structure are prohibited in Seismic design Categories C, D, E and F. |
||
Add a new sentence to the beginning of Section 9.3.5.8.9 as follows: 9.3.5.8.11 Where threaded pipe is used for sway bracing, it shall have a wall thickness of not less than Schedule 40. |
||
Replace Section 9.3.5.9.4 as follows: Lag screws or power-driven fasteners shall not be used to attach braces to the building structure. |
||
Add language to the beginning of Section 9.3.5.9.6 as follows: 9.3.5.9.6 Fastening methods other than those identified in 9.3.5.9 and 9.3.7.8 shall not apply to other fastening methods, which shall be acceptable for use if certified by a registered professional engineer to support the loads determined in accordance with the criteria in 9.3.5.6. Calculations shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction. |
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Revise Section 9.3.5.9.7.2* as follows: 9.3.5.9.7.2* Concrete anchors other than those shown in Figure 9.3.5.9.1 and identified in 9.3.5.8.10 shall be acceptable for use where designed in accordance with the requirements of the building code and certified by a registered professional engineer. |
||
Revise Section 9.3.6.1(3) as follows: 9.3.6.1*(3) No. 12, 440 Ib (200Kg) wire installed at least 45 degrees from the vertical plane and anchored on both sides of the pipe. Powder-driven fasteners for attaching restraint is allowed to be used provided that the restraint component does not support the dead load. |
||
Revise Section 10.6.5 as follows: 10.6.5 Pipe joints shall not be located under foundation footings. The pipe under the building or building foundation shall not contain mechanical joints. Exceptions:
|
||
Revise Section 11.2.3.1.4(4)(i) as follows: 11.2.3.1.4(4)(i) Exterior columns under 10 ft2 (0.93 m2) in total area, formed by studs or wood joist, with no sources of ignition within the column, supporting exterior canopies that are fully protected with a sprinkler system. |
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Revise Section 11.2.3.2.3.1 as follows: 11.2.3.2.3.1 Where listed quick-response sprinklers, excluding including extended coverage quick-response sprinklers, are used throughout a system or portion of a system having the same hydraulic design basis, the system area of operation shall be permitted to be reduced without revising the density as indicated in Figure 11.2.3.2.3.1 when all of the following conditions are satisfied: |
||
For ceiling height ≥ 10 ft and ≤ 20 ft, For ceiling height < 10 ft, y = 40 For ceiling height > 20 ft, y = 0 For SI units, 1 ft = 0.31 m. FIGURE 11.2.3.2.3.1 Design Area Reduction for Quick-Response Sprinklers. |
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Revise Section 11.2.3.2.3.2 as follows: 11.2.3.2.3.2 The number of sprinklers in the design area shall never be less than seven. |
||
Add Section 24.1(5) 24.1 Approval of Sprinklers Systems and Private Fire Service Mains. The installing contractor shall do the following:
|
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Revise Section 24.4(2) and Add Section 24.4(3) as follows: 24.4 Instructions. The installing contractor shall provide the property owner or the property owner's authorized representative with the following:
|
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Add sentence at the end of Section 24.5.1 as follows: 24.5.1 “Pipe schedule systems shall be provided with a sign indicating that the system was designed and installed as a pipe schedule system and the hazard classification(s) included in the design.” |
||
Revise Section 24.5.2(3) and Add Sections 24.5.2(7) to (14) as follows: 24.5.2 The sign shall include the following information: (3)Required flow and pressure of the system at the base of the riser (7)Required flow and pressure of the system at the water supply source. (8)Required flow and pressure of the system at the discharge side of the fire pump where a fire pump is installed. (9)Type or types and number of sprinklers or nozzles installed including the orifice size, temperature rating, orientation, K-Factor, sprinkler identification number (SIN) for sprinkler heads when applicable, and response type. (10)The minimum discharge flow rate and pressure required from the hydraulically most demanding sprinkler. (11)The required pressure settings for pressure reducing valves. (12)For deluge sprinkler systems, the required flow and pressure at the hydraulically most demanding sprinkler or nozzle. (13)The protection area per sprinkler based on the hydraulic calculations (14)The edition of NFPA 13 to which the system was designed and installed.552 |
||
Revise Section 24.6.1 as follows: 24.6.1 California Edition NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems. |
||
13D-10 | Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes as amended* | 903.3.1.3, 903.3.5.1.1 |
NFPA 13D, Amended Sections as follows: | ||
6.2* Water Supply Sources. When the requirements of 6.2.2 are met, the following water supply shall be considered to be acceptable by this standard:
6.2.2 Where a well, pump, tank or combination thereof is the source of supply for a fire sprinkler system, the water supply shall serve both domestic and fire sprinkler systems, and the following shall be met:
6.2.2.1 Where a fire sprinkler system is supplied by a stored water source with an automatically operated means of pressurizing the system other than an electric pump, the water supply may serve the sprinkler system only. 6.2.3 Where a water supply serves both domestic and fire sprinkler systems, 5 gpm (19 L/min) shall be added to the sprinkler system demand at the point where the systems are connected, to determine the size of common piping and the size of the total water supply requirements where no provision is made to prevent flow into the domestic water system upon operation of a sprinkler. 8.6.4* Sprinklers shall not be required in detached garages, open attached porches, carports with no habitable space above, and similar structures. |
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13R-10 | Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height as amended* | 903.3.1.2, 903.3.5.1.1, 903.3.5.1.2, 903.4 |
*NFPA 13R, Amended Sections as follows: | ||
Revise Section 2.2 and add publications as follows: 2.2 NFPA Publications. NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, 2006 California edition. |
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Add Section 10.1.5 as follows: 10.1.5 Instructions. The installing contractor shall provide the property owner or the property owner's authorized representative with the following:
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14-07 | Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems as amended* | 905.2, 905.3.4, 905.4.2, 905.6.2, 905.8 |
*NFPA 14, Amended Sections as follows: Replace Section 6.3.7.1 6.3.7.1 System water supply valves, isolation control valves, and other valves in fire mains shall be supervised in an approved manner in the open position by one of the following methods:
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15—07 | Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection | 3404.2.9.2.3 |
16—07 | Installation of Foam-water Sprinkler and Foam-water Spray Systems | 904.7, 904.11 |
17—02 | Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems | Table 901.6.1, 904.6, 904.11 |
17A—02 | Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems | Table 901.6.1, 904.5, 904.11 |
20—07 | Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection | 913.1, 913.2, 913.5.1 |
22—03 | Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection | 507.2.2 |
24—10 | Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances as amended* | 507.2.1, 1909.5 |
*NFPA 24, Amended Sections as follows: Amend Section 4.2.1 Section 4.2.1. Installation work shall be done by fully experienced and responsible contractors. Contractors shall be appropriately licensed in the State of California to install private fire service mains and their appurtenances. |
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Revise Section 4.2.2 as follows: 4.2.2Installation or modification of private fire service mains shall not begin until plans are approved and appropriate permits secured from the authority having jurisdiction. |
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Add Section 4.2.2.1 as follows: 4.2.2.1As approved by the authority having jurisdiction, emergency repair of existing system may start immediately, with plans being submitted to the authority having jurisdiction within 96 hours from the start of the repair work. |
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Revise Section 5.9.1.2 as follows: Section 5.9.1.2 Fire department connections shall be properly supported and protected from mechanical damage. |
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Revise Section 5.9.5.1 as follows: 5.9.5.1 Fire department connections shall be on the street side of buildings and as approved by the authority having jurisdiction. |
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Revise Section 6.5.1 as follows: 6.5.1Private fire service main systems shall have sectional control valves at appropriate points in order to permit sectionalizing the system in the event of a break or for the making of repairs or extensions. |
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Add Section 6.5.2.1 – 6.5.2.3 6.5.2.1 Sectional control valves are not required when the fire service main system serves less than six fire appurtenances. 6.5.2.2 Sectional control valves shall be indicating valves in accordance with Section 6.7.1.3. 6.5.2.3 Sectional control valves shall be located so that no more than five fire appurtenances are affected by shut-down of any single portion of the fire service main. Each fire hydrant, fire sprinkler system riser, and standpipe riser shall be considered a separate fire appurtenance. In-rack sprinkler systems shall not be considered as a separate appurtenance. 6.5.2.4 The number of fire appurtenances between sectional control valves is allowed to be modified by the authority having jurisdiction. |
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Revise Section 6.6.2 as follows: 6.6.2 A sectional valve shall be provided at the following locations:
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Revise Section 10.6.5 as follows: 10.6.5 Pipe joints shall not be located under foundation footings. The pipe under the building or building foundation shall not contain mechanical joints. Exceptions: |
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Revise Section 10.9.1 as follows: | ||
10.9.1 Backfill shall be well tamped in layers or puddle under and around pipes to prevent settlement or lateral movement. Backfill shall consist of clean fill send or pea gravel to a minimum 6″ below and to a minimum of 12″ above the pipe and shall contain no ashes, cinders, refuse, organic matter, or other corrosive materials. Other backfill materials and methods are permitted where designed by a registered professional engineer and approved by the enforcing agency. | ||
25—08 | Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-based Fire Protection Systems | 507.5.3, Table 901.6.1, 904.7.1, 912.6, 913.5, 1101.1 |
30—08 | Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code | 3403.6.2, 3403.6.2.1, 3404.2.7, 3404.2.7.1, 3404.2.7.2, 3404.2.7.3.6, 3404.2.7.4, 3404.2.7.6, 3404.2.7.7, 3404.2.7.8, 3404.2.7.9, 3404.2.9.3, 3404.2.9.4, 3404.2.9.6.1.1, 3404.2.9.6.1.2, 3404.2.9.6.1.3, 3404.2.9.6.1.4, 3404.2.9.6.1.5, 3404.2.9.6.2, 3404.2.9.7.4, 3404.2.10.2, 3404.2.11.4, 3404.2.11.5.2, 3404.2.12.1, 3404.3.1, 3404.3.6, Table 3404.3.6.3(1), Table 3404.3.6.3(2), Table 3404.3.6.3(3), 3404.3.7.2.3, 3404.3.8.4, 3406.8.3 |
30A—08 | Code for Motor Fuel-dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages | 2201.4, 2201.5, 2201.6, 2206.6.3, 2210.1 |
30B—07 | Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products | 2801.1, 2803.1, 2804.1, Table 2804.3.1, Table 2804.3.2, Table 2804.3.2.2, 2804.4.1, 2804.5.2, 2804.6, 2806.2.3, 2806.3.2, Table 2806.4, 2806.5.1, 2806.5.6, 2807.1 |
31—06 | Installation of Oil-burning Equipment | 603.1.7, 603.3.1, 603.3.3 |
32—07 | Dry Cleaning Plants as amended* | 1201.1.1, 1207.1, 1207.3 |
*NFPA 32, Amended Sections as follows: | ||
2.2 NFPA Publications. 4.4.1.1 General building and structure design and construction shall be in accordance with California Building Code. |
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4.4.4 Means of Egress. Means of egress shall conform with the provisions of California Building Code. | ||
4.6.2 Automatic Sprinkler Systems. Where required by this standard, automatic sprinkler systems shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, and periodically inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5. | ||
4.6.4 Portable Fire Extinguishers. Suitable numbers and types of portable fire extinguishers shall be installed and maintained throughout the drycleaning plant in accordance California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 3. | ||
7.3.2 Electrical Installations. Electrical equipment and wiring in a Type II drycleaning room shall comply with the provisions of California Electrical Code, for use in Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations. | ||
33—07 | Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials | 1504.3.2 |
34—07 | Dipping and Coating Processes Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids | 1505.3, 1505.4.1.1 |
35—05 | Manufacture of Organic Coatings | 2001.3, 2005.4 |
37—06 | Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines | |
40—07 | Storage and Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Film | 306.2 |
51—07 | Design and Installation of Oxygen-fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes | 2601.5, 2607.1, 2609.1 |
51A—06 | Acetylene Cylinder Charging Plants | 2608.1 |
52—06 | Vehicular Fuel System Code | 3001.1 |
54—09 | National Fuel Gas Code | |
55—05 | Standard for the Storage, Use and Handling of Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids in Portable and Stationery Containers Cylinders and Tanks | 2209.2.1, 3201.1, 3501.1, 4001.1 |
58—08 | Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code | 603.4.2.1.1, 3801.1, 3803.1, 3803.2.1, 3803.2.1.2, 3803.2.1.7, 3803.2.2, 3804.1, 3804.3.1, 3804.4, 3806.2, 3806.3, 3807.2, 3808.1, 3808.2, 3809.11.2, 3811.3 |
59A—06 | Production, Storage and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) | 3001.1, 3201.1 |
61—08 | Prevention of Fires and Dust Explosions in Agricultural and Food Processing Facilities | Table 1304.1 |
69—08 | Explosion Prevention Systems | 911.1, 911.3, Table 1304.1 |
70—08 | National Electrical Code | 603.1.3, 603.1.7, 603.5.2, 604.2.15.1, 605.3, 605.4, 605.9, 606.16, 904.3.1, 907.1, 909.11, 909.12.1, 909.16.3, 1106.3.4, 1204.2.3, Table 1304.1, 1404.7, 1503.2.1, 1503.2.1.1, 1503.2.1.4, 1503.2.5, 1504.9.4, 1604.5, 1703.2, 1803.7.1, 1803.7.2, 1803.7.3, 1903.4, 2004.1, 2205.4, 2208.8.1.2.4, 2209.2.3, 2211.3.1, 2211.8.1.2.4, 2403.12.6.1, 2404.15.7, 2606.4, 2703.7.3, 3003.7.6, 3003.8, 3003.16.11, 3003.16.14, 3203.6, 3203.7.2, 3403.1, Table 3403.1.1, 3403.1.3, 3404.2.8.12, 3404.2.8.17, 3406.2.8, 3503.1.5, 3503.1.5.1, 3507.1.10, 3606.5.5, 3606.5.6, 3704.2.2.8 |
72—10 | National Fire Alarm Code as amended* | 508.1.5, Table 901.6.1, 903.4.1, 904.3.5, 907.2, 907.2.6, 907.2.11, 907.2.13.2, 907.3, 907.4.3, 907.4.4, 907.6.2.1.2, 907.6.2.2, 907.7, 907.7.1, 907.7.2, 907.7.5, 907.8, 907.8.1, 907.8.2, 907.9, 907.9.2, 907.9.5, 1101.1, J103.1.4555 |
*NFPA 72, Amended Sections as follows: | ||
10.3.1 Equipment constructed and installed in conformity with this Code shall be listed for the purpose for which it is used. Fire alarm Systems and components shall be California State Fire Marshal approved and listed in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division I. | ||
10.3.3 All devices and appliances that receive their power from the initiating device circuit or signaling line circuit of a control unit shall be California State Fire Marshal listed for use with the control unit. | ||
10.6.1 Where approved by the authority having jurisdiction, ECS priority signals when evaluated by stakeholders through risk analysis in accordance with 24.4.2.2 shall be permitted to take precedence over all other signals. | ||
14.4.7.1 Testing. Household fire alarm systems shall be tested in accordance with the manufacturer's published instructions according to the methods of Table 14.4.2.2. | ||
17.15 Fire Extinguisher Monitoring Device. A fire extinguisher monitoring device shall indicate those conditions for a specific fire extinguisher required by California Code of Regulations , Title 19, Division I, Chapter I, Section 574.2 (c) and California Fire Code to a fire alarm control unit. | ||
23.4.2.2(4) Where the vertically run conductors are contained in a 2-hour rated cable assembly, or enclosed (installed ) in a 2-hour rated enclosure or a listed circuit integrity (C.I) cable, which meets or exceeds a 2-hour fire resistive rating. | ||
23.8.5.1.2 Where connected to a supervising station, fire alarm systems employing automatic fire detetors or waterflow detection devices shall include a manual fire alarm box to initiate a signal to the supervising station. | ||
Exception: Fire alarm systems dedicated to elevator recall control, supervisory service and fire sprinkler monitoring. | ||
23.8.5.4.1 Systems equipped with alarm verification features shall be permitted under the following conditions:
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29.3.1 All devices, combinations of devices, and equipment to be installed in conformity with this chapter shall be approved or listed by the California State Fire Marshal the for the purposes for which they are intended. | ||
29.5.2.1.1* Smoke and Heat Alarms. Unless exempted by applicable laws, codes, or standards, smoke or heat alarms used to provide a fire-warning function, and when two or more alarms are installed within a dwelling unit, suite of rooms, or similar area, shall be arranged so that the operation of any smoke or heat alarm causes all alarms within these locations to sound. | ||
29.7.2.1 The alarm verification feature shall be not be used for household fire warning equipment. | ||
29.7.5.7.1 The alarm verification feature shall not be used for household fire warning equipment. | ||
80—07 | Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives | 703.1.3,1008.1.3.3 |
85—07 | Boiler and Combustion System Hazards Code | Table 1304.1 |
86—07 | Ovens and Furnaces | 2101.1 |
92A—09 | Standanrd for Smoke-Control Systems Utilizing Barriers and Pressure Differences | |
92B—05 | Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria and Large Spaces | 909.8 |
99—05 | Health Care Facilities | 3006.4 |
101—06 | Life Safety Code | 1028.6.2 |
105—07 | Installation of Smoke Door Assemblies and Other Opening Protectives | 703.1.2 |
110—05 | Emergency and Standby PowerSystems | 604.1, 604.3, 604.4, 913.5.2 ,913.5.3 |
111—05 | Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems | 604.1, 604.3, 604.4 |
120—04 | Coal Preparation Plants | Table 1304.1 |
160—06 | Flame Effects Before an Audience | 308.3.2 |
170—06 | Standard for Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols | 907.1.2 |
211—06 | Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents and Solid Fuel-burning Appliances | 603.2 |
241—04 | Safeguarding Construction, Alteration and Demolition Operations | 1401.1 |
253—06 | Standard Test for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source | 804.3 |
260—03 | Methods of Tests and Classification System for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture | 805.1.1.1, 805.2.1.1, 805.3.1.1, 805.4.1.1 |
261—03 | Method of Test for Determining Resistance of Mock-up Upholstered Furniture Material Assemblies to Ignition by Smoldering Cigarettes | 805.2.1.1, 805.3.1.1,805.4.1.1 |
265—07 | Method of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Wall Coverings in Full Height Panels and Walls | 803.5.1, 803.5.1.1,803.5.1.2, 805.4.1.1 |
286—06 | Standard Method of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth | 803.1, 803.1.2, 803.1.2.1, 803.5.1 |
303—06 | Fire Protection Standard for Marinas and Boatyards | 905.3.7,4503.5, 4503.6, 4504.2 |
385—07 | Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible Liquids | 3406.5.4.5,3406.6, 3406.6.1 |
407—07 | Aircraft Fuel Servicing | 1106.2, 1106.3556 |
409—04 | Aircraft Hangars | 914.8.2, Table 914.8.2, 914.8.2.1, 914.8.5 |
430—04 | Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers | 4004.1.4 |
484—06 | Combustible Metals | Table 1304.1 |
490—02 | Storage of Ammonium Nitrate | 3301.1.5 |
495—06 | Explosive Materials Code | 911.1, 911.4, 3301.1.1, 3301.1.5, 3302.1,3304.2, 3304.6.2, 3304.6.3, 3304.7.1, 3305.1, 3306.1, 3306.5.2.1, 3306.5.2.3, 3307.1, 3307.9, 3307.11, 3307.15 |
498—06 | Safe Havens and Interchange Lots for Vehicles Transporting Explosives | 3301.1.2 |
505—06 | Powered Industrial Trucks, Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Maintenance and Operation | 2703.7.3 |
654—06 | Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids | Table 1304.1 |
655—07 | Prevention of Sulfur Fires and Explosions | Table 1304.1 |
664—07 | Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities | Table 1304.1, 1905.3 |
701—04 | Methods of Fire Tests for Flame-propagation of Textiles and Films | 806.2, 807.1, 807.1.2, 807.2, 807.4.2.2, 1703.5, 2404.2 |
703—06 | Fire Retardant Impregnated Wood and Fire Retardant Coatings for Building Materials | 803.4 |
704—07 | Identification of the Hazardous of Materials for Emergency Response | 606.7, 1802.1, 2404.2, 2703.2.2.1, 2703.2.2.2, 2703.5, 2703.10.2, 2705.1.10, 2705.2.1.1, 2705.4.4, 3203.4.1, 3404.2.3.2, F101.1, F101.2 |
750—06 | Water Mist Fire Protection Systems | Table 901.6.1 |
1122—08 | Model Rocketry | 3301.1.4 |
1123—06 | Fireworks Display | 3302.1, 3304.2, 3308.1, 3308.2.2, 3308.5, 3308.6 |
1124—06 | Manufacture, Transportation, Storage and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles | 3302.1, 3304.2, 3305.1, 3305.3, 3305.4, 3305.5 |
1125—07 | Manufacture of Model Rocket and High Power Rocket Motors | 3301.1.4 |
1126—06 | Use of Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate Audience | 3304.2, 3305.1, 3308.1, 3308.2.2 , 3308.4, 3308.5 |
1127—08 | High Power Rocketry | 3301.1.4 |
1142—07 | Water Supply for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting | B103.3 |
2001—08 | Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems as amended* | Table 901.6.1, 904.10 |
*NFPA 2001, Amended Sections as follows: | ||
4.3.5.1.1 Alarms signals from the fire extinguishing system shall not interfere with the building fire alarm signal. | ||
4.3.5.2.1 The lens on visual appliances shall be “red” in color. | ||
Exception: Other lens colors are permitted where approved by the enforcing agency. | ||
SFM | State of California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Office of tde State Fire Marshal P.O.Box 944246 Sacramento,CA944246-2460 |
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SFM 12-3 | Releasing Systems for Security Bars in Dwellings | |
SFM 12-7-3 | Fire-testing Furnaces | |
SFM 12-7A-1 | Exterior Wall Siding and Sheathing | |
SFM 12-7A-2 | Exterior Window | |
SFM 12-7A-3 | Under Eave | |
SFM 12-7A-4 | Decking | |
SFM 12-7A-4A | Decking Alternate Methord A | |
SFM 12-7A-5 | Ignition Resistant Building Material | |
SFM 12-8-100 | Room Fire Tests for Wall and Ceiling Materials | |
SFM 12-10-1 | Power Operated Exit Doors | |
SFM 12-10-2 | Single Point Latching or Locking Devices | |
SFM 12-10-3 | Emergency Exit and Panic Hardware | |
(The Office of the State Fire Marshal Standards referred to above are found in the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 12.) 557 | ||
UL | Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook, IL 60062 |
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13—96 | Power-limited Circuit Cables | |
30—95 | Metal Safety Cans—with Revisions through December 2004 | 2703.9.10,2705.1.10,3405.2.4 |
38—99 | Manually Actuated Singnaling Boxes—with revisions through February2,2005 as amended.* | |
*Amend Section 14.1.5 as follows: 14.1.5 A signaling box having a glass panel, disc, rod or similar part that must be broken to operate it for a signal or for access to its actuating means shall satisfactorily complete five part-breaking operations using the means provided with the box, without jamming of the mechanism or other interference by broken particles. It shall be practicable to remove and replace the broken parts. A signaling box shall not have a glass, disc, rod or similar part requiring a striking action by grasping a tool to operate it for a signal. The force required to activate controls shall be no greater than 5 pounds (22 N) of force. |
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*Add Appendix B chapter to UL 38 (1999) as follows: Appendix B, 14.1.5 Operation. Controls and operating mechanisms shall be operable with one hand and shall not required tight grasping, pinching or twisting of the wrist. |
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58—96 | Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids—with Revisions through July 1998 | 3404.2.13.1.5 |
193—04 | Alarm Valves for Fire-Protection Service | |
199—95 | Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service—with revisions through August 19, 2005 | |
199E—04 | Outline of Investigation for Fire Testing of Sprinklers and Water Spray Nozzles for Protection of Deep Fat Fryers | 904.11.4.1 |
217—06 | Single and Multiple Station Smoke Alarms—with Revisions through May 2007 | 907.2.11 |
228—97 | Door Closers/Holders, with or without Integral Smoke Detector—with revisions through January 26, 2006 | |
260—04 | Dry Pipe and Deluge Values for Fire Protection Service | |
262—04 | Gate Valves for Fire Protection Service | |
268A—98 | Smoke Detectors for Duct Application—with revisions through October 22, 2003 | |
312—04 | Check Valves for Fire—Protection Service | |
346—05 | Waterflow Indicators for Fire Protective Signaling Systems | |
464—03 | Audible Signal Appliances—with revisions through October 10, 2003 | |
497B—04 | Protectors for Data Communication and Fire Alarm Circuits | |
521—99 | Heat Detectors for Fire Protective Signaling Systems—with revisions through July 20, 2005 | |
539—00 | Single—and Multiple—Station Heat Detectors—with revisions through August 15, 2005 | |
632—00 | Electrically Actuated Transmitters | |
753—04 | Alarm Accessories for Automatic Water Supply Valves for Fire Protection Service | |
813—96 | Commercial Audio Equipment—with revisions through December 7, 1999 | |
864—03 | Control Units for Fire Protective Signaling Systems, as amended*—with revisions through July 14, 2005 | 909.12 |
*Amend No 55.1 as follows: RETARD-RESET-RESTART PERIOD-MAXIMUM 30 SECONDS—No alarm obtained from control unit. Maximum permissible time is 30 seconds. |
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*Amend Section 55.2.2 as follows: Where an alarm verifications feature is provided, the maximum retard- restart period before an alarm signal can be confirmed and indicated at the control unit, including any control unit reset time and the power-up time for the detector to become operational for alarm, shall not exceed 30 seconds. (The balance of the section text is to remain unchanged). |
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*Add Section 55.2.9 as follows: Smoke detectors connected to an alarm verification feature shall not be used as releasing devices. Exception: Smoke detectors which operate their releasing function immediatly upon alarm actuation independent of alarm verification feature. |
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*Amend Section 89.1.10 as follows: The existing text of this section is to remain as printed with one editorial amendment as follows: THE TOTAL DELAY (CONTROL UNIT PLUS SMOKE DETECTORS ) SHALL NOT EXCEED 30 SECONDS. (The balance of the section text is to remain unchanged). |
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268—06 | Smoke Detectors for Fire Alarm Signaling Systems | 907.2.6.2558 |
300—05 | Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishing Systems for Protection of Restaurant Cooking Equipment | 904.11 |
325—02 | Door, Drapery, Gate, Louver and Window Operators and Systems—with Revisions through February 2006 | 503.5, 503.6, D103.5 |
710B—04 | Recirculating Systems—with Revisions through April 2006 | 904.1 |
723—03 | Standard for Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials—with Revisions through May 2005 | 802.1, 803.5.1, 803.6.2, 803.9 , 804.1, 804.2.4 |
793—03 | Automatically Operated Roof Vents for Smoke and Heat—with Revisions through April 2004 | 910.3.1 |
864—03 | Control Units and Accessories for Fire Alarm Systems—with Revisions through March 2006 | 909.12 |
900—04 | Air Filter Units | 1504.7.8 |
924—06 | Standard for Safety Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment | 1011.4, 2403.12.6.1 |
1275—05 | Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets—with Revisions through May 2006 | 2703.8.7.1,3404.3.2.1.1 |
1313—93 | Standard for Nonmetallic Safety Cans for Petroleum Products—with Revisions through May 2003 | 2703.9.10 |
1315—95 | Standard for Safety for Metal Waste Paper Containers—with Revisions through December 2003 | 808.1 |
1316—94 | Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Underground Storage Tanks for Petroleum Products, Alcohols, and Alcohol-gasoline Mixtures—with Revisions through May 2006 | 3404.2.13.1.5 |
1363—07 | Relocatable Power Taps | 605.4.1 |
1975—06 | Fire Tests for Foamed Plastics Used for Decorative Purpose | 807.4.2.1, 808.2 |
1994—04 | Standard for Luminous Egress Path Marking Systems—with Revisions through February 2005 | 1024.2.1, 1024.2.3, 1024.2.4, 1024.4 |
2075—07 | Standard for Gas and Vapor Detectors and Sensors | 2211.7.2.1 |
2079—04 | Tests for Fire Resistance of Building Joint Systems—with Revisions through May 2006 | 702.1 |
2085—97 | Protected Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids— with Revisions through December 199 | 202, 3402.1, 3404.2.9.2.3, 3404.2.9.7.5, 3405.3.8.2 |
2200—04 | Stationary Engine Generator Assemblies—with Revisions through July 2004 | 604.1.1 |
2208—05 | Solvent Distillation Units—with Revisions through December 2006 | 3405.4.1 |
2245—06 | Below-grade Vaults for Flammable Liquid Storage Tanks | 3404.2.8.1 |
2335—01 | Fire Tests of Storage Pallers—with Revisions through September 2004 | 2308.2.1 |
USC | United States Code c/o Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402-9325 |
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18 USC Part 1, Chapter 40 | Importation, Manufacture, Distribution and Storage of Explosive Materials | 3302.1 |
21 USC Chapter 9 | United States Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act | 4002.1 |
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
4801.1 Scope. Production studios, sound stages, approved production facilities, and production locations used by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production shall be in accordance with the provisions of this article.
4801.2 Purpose. The purpose of this article is to establish minimum requirements that will provide a reasonable degree of safety from fire, panic and explosion. Buildings and structures defined herein shall be in accordance with this article.
4801.3 Definitions.
APPROVED FIRE WATCH are individuals provided with at least one approved means for notification of the fire department and their only duty shall be to perform constant patrols of the protected premises and keep watch for fires.
APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITY is an existing building, or portion of a building, or a group of buildings altered for use by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.
PLATFORM is part of a set, which is a floor or horizontal surface raised above stage floor level.
PRODUCTION LOCATION is any area or facility outside a production studio, approved production facility or sound stage used by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.
PRODUCTION STUDIO is a building, portion of a building, or a group of buildings designed and constructed for use by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.
SET is a structure built or assembled for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.
SOUND STAGE is a building or portion of a building usually insulated from outside noise and natural light for use by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.
4802.1 Live audience stages. Production facilities, sound stages and approved production studios with live audience stages shall be classified as Group A-1 occupancies in accordance with the California Building Code.
4802.2 All other stages. Production studios, sound stages and approved production facilities without live audience stages shall be classified as Group F-1 occupancies in accordance with the California Building Code.
Note: Sections 4803 through 4810 apply only to studio sound stages and approved production facilities.
4803.1 Change in use. A permit from the fire code official shall be obtained any time a change in use or occupancy is intended by the owner (e.g., for live audience shows, wrap parties).
4803.2 Additional permits. A permit shall be required for:
4803.3 Live audiences. A permit shall be required for seating arrangements of all live audience stages.
4804.1 Housekeeping. Provisions of this part shall maintain proper housekeeping in accordance with Chapter 3.
4804.2 Aisles. Perimeter aisles within the sound stage and approved production facility shall be provided. Aisles required by this section shall have a minimum width of 4 feet (1219 mm). See Chapter 10 for maintenance requirements. Aisles required by this section shall have a minimum clear unobstructed height of 7 feet (2134 mm).
4804.3 Travel distance. The maximum travel distance to any exit within the sound stage and approved production facility shall be 150 feet (45 720 mm).
4804.4 Exit doors. Exit doors shall be equipped with panic hardware and swing in the direction of exit travel.
4804.5 Exit signs. Illuminated exit signs shall be installed in accordance with the California Building Code.
4804.6 Exit illumination. Exit illumination shall be provided in accordance with the California Building Code. In the event of power failure, exit path illumination shall be automatically provided by an approved emergency backup system.
5634804.7 Exit obstructions. All means of egress shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 10, Section 1005.1.
4804.8 Foam plastics. All foam plastics shall meet the requirements of Chapter 8, Sections 807.4.2.4 and 807.4.5.
4804.9 Decorative materials. Drapes, drops, cut greens, etc., shall meet the flame-retardant requirements of California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5, and Chapter 8, Sections 807.4.2.4 and 807.4.5.
4805.1 Existing sound stages and approved production facilities. All existing sound stages and approved production facilities equipped with an automatic fire sprinkler system shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions in Chapter 9.
4805.2 New sound stages. All new sound stages shall be equipped with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system. The system shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 9 and shall meet the minimum design requirements of an Extra Hazard, Group 2 system.
4805.3 Solid-ceiling sets and platforms. All interior solid-ceiling sets over 600 square feet (55.7 m2) in area, and platforms (when provided) over 600 square feet (55.7 m2) in area and which exceed 3 feet (914 mm) in height shall be protected by one of the following:
4806.1 Fire alarm control units. Fire alarm control units shall be California State Fire Marshal listed and shall be utilized in accordance with their listing. Control units may be temporarily supported by sets, platforms or pedestals.
4806.2 Heat detectors. Heat detection required by this article shall be defined as a portable system as it is intended to be reinstalled when platforms or sets are changed.
Heat detectors may be secured to standard outlet boxes which may be temporarily supported by sets, platforms or pedestals.
Heat detectors shall be provided for solid-ceiling sets and platforms where required by Sections 4805.3 and 4811.14.
4807.1 Where permits are required by the fire code, a requirement for standby fire safety officers shall be determined by the fire code official on a case-by-case basis. Standby fire safety officers shall not be required when the provisions of this article are met.
4808.1 General. All electrical equipment including lighting, cabling and temporary power, such as portable generators, shall be maintained in good working order and shall comply with the provisions of the California Electrical Code.
4808.2 Lighting and power requirements. A studio sound stage and approved production facility shall be provided with a minimum of 35 watts per square foot of permanently installed power dedicated for the distribution of production lighting and power. Mobile generators may be utilized for auxiliary power.
4808.3 Distribution. Distribution equipment shall be designed for sound stage use. The wiring to such equipment shall be considered permanent and shall comply with applicable provisions of the California Electrical Code. Temporary feeders shall not be tapped from panelboards and switchboards where deadfront covers have to be removed.
4808.4 Installations. Permanent or temporary electrical installations shall be installed in accordance with the California Electrical Code and this code. Such equipment shall not obstruct exits, means of egress or fire department access, unless approved by the fire code official.
4808.5 Generators. Portable, mobile or stationary power-generating equipment may be used to supplement building electrical power for temporary use. Equipment shall be located at a predesignated location as approved by the fire code official.
Temporary auxiliary power cables supplied from mobile generators or adjacent buildings may pass through exterior walls and interior fire-resistive assemblies provided an approved through-penetration firestop system is utilized for protection of the opening.
4809.1 Existing equipment. All mechanical equipment used as part of the building ventilation system shall be maintained in good working order and shall comply with the provisions of the California Mechanical Code.
4809.2 Auxiliary equipment. All auxiliary heating, ventilation and air-conditioning equipment shall be approved and listed for the intended use. Flexible duct, if utilized, shall be noncombustible. Such auxiliary equipment shall not obstruct exits, means of egress or fire department access.
5644810.1 The fire code official shall be provided with certification that approved production facilities and studio sound stages will sustain the anticipated loads of sets, props or other temporary modifications.
Where the anticipated loads exceed the design criteria for an approved production facility and studio sound stage, the building or portions thereof shall be modified for the additional loads.
4811.1 General. This chapter shall apply to production locations.
4811.2 Permits. A permit shall be obtained, unless waived by the fire code official for any of the activities that follow:
4811.3 Pyrotechnic special effects and open flames. The use of pyrotechnic special effects and open flames shall be subject to the approval of the fire code official.
4811.4 Standby fire personnel. A requirement for standby fire safety officers shall be determined by the fire code official on a case-by-case basis.
4811.5 Foamed plastic materials. All foam plastics shall meet the requirements of Chapter 8, Sections 807.4.2.4 and 807.4.5.
4811.6 Smoking. When the fire code official determines that hazardous conditions necessitate controlled use of smoking materials, smoking may be prohibited or limited to designated smoking areas.
4811.7 Structural loads. Sets, scenery and other equipment shall not impact the structural integrity of a building or structure. Consultation with a building official or structural engineer may be required.
4811.8 Electrical requirements.
4811.8.1 General. All electrical equipment including lighting, cabling and temporary power, such as portable generators, shall be maintained in good working order and shall comply with the provisions of the California Electrical Code.
4811.8.2 Distribution. Temporary feeders shall not be tapped from panelboards and switchboards where deadfront covers have to be removed.
4811.8.3 Installations. Electrical installations shall be installed in accordance with the California Electrical Code. Such equipment shall not obstruct exits, means of egress or fire department access, unless approved by the fire code official.
4811.8.4 Generators. Portable, mobile or stationary power-generating equipment may be used to supplement building electrical power for temporary use. Equipment shall be placed in a location acceptable to the fire code official.
4811.9 Fire department access. Required emergency vehicle access shall be maintained. Any deviations are subject to approval by the fire code official.
4811.10 Means of egress. The production location shall be provided with means of egress appropriate for the intended use as approved by the fire code official.
4811.11 Fire protection systems and equipment. Functional fire protection systems and equipment shall be maintained in an operable condition, unless approved by the fire code official. Disconnecting or altering of fire protection systems and/or equipment shall be prohibited, unless otherwise approved by the fire code official with alternate means of protection provided.
4811.12 Fire hydrants and fire appliances. Hydrants, standpipes and Fire Department Connections (FDC) shall not be obstructed, blocked or rendered inoperable in accordance with Chapter 9, unless approved by the fire code official.
4811.13 Fire extinguishers. Approved fire extinguishers shall be provided as required by the fire code official.
4811.14 Solid-ceiling sets and platforms. In buildings with existing fire protection systems and where production intends to construct solid-ceiling sets over 600 square feet (55.7 m2) in area, and platforms over 600 square feet (55.7 m2) in area and which exceed 3 feet (914 mm) in height shall be protected by one of the following:
4811.15 Buildings without fire protection systems. Special hazards shall be reviewed by the fire code official (see special hazards Section 901.4.3).
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
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Chapter/Section |
4901.1 Scope. The mitigation of conditions where a wildfire burning in vegetative fuels may readily transmit fire to buildings and threaten to destroy life, overwhelm fire suppression capabilities, or result in large property losses shall comply with this chapter.
4901.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to provide minimum standards to increase the ability of a building to resist the intrusion of flame or burning embers being projected by a vegetation fire and contributes to a systematic reduction in conflagration losses through the use of performance and prescriptive requirements.
4902.1 General. For the purpose of this chapter, certain terms are defined as follows:
CDF DIRECTOR. The Director of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.
FIRE PROTECTION PLAN is a document prepared for a specific project or development proposed for a Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area. It describes ways to minimize and mitigate potential for loss from wildfire exposure.
The Fire Protection Plan shall be in accordance with this chapter. When required by the enforcing agency for the purposes of granting modifications, a fire protection plan shall be submitted. Only locally adopted ordinances that have been filed with the California Building Standards Commission in accordance with Section 101.14 or the Department of Housing and Community Development in accordance with Section 101.15 shall apply.
FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONES are geographical areas designated pursuant to California Public Resources Codes Sections 4201 through 4204 and classified as Very High, High, or Moderate in State Responsibility Areas or as Local Agency Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones designated pursuant to California Government Code Sections 51175 through 51189.
The California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Section 1280 entitles the maps of these geographical areas as “Maps of the Fire Hazard Severity Zones in the State Responsibility Area of California.”
LOCAL AGENCY VERY-HIGH FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONE means an area designated by a local agency upon the recommendation of the CDF Director pursuant to Government Code Sections 51177(c), 51178 and 51189 that is not a state responsibility area and where a local agency, city, county, city and country, or district is responsible for fire protection.
STATE RESPONSIBILITY AREA means lands that are classified by the Board of Forestry pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 4125 where the financial responsibility of preventing and suppressing forest fires is primarily the responsibility of the state.
WILDFIRE is any uncontrolled fire spreading through vegetative fuels that threatens to destroy life, property, or resources as defined in Public Resources Code Sections 4103 and 4104.
WILDFIRE EXPOSURE is one or a combination of radiant heat, convective heat, direct flame contact and burning embers being projected by vegetation fire to a structure and its immediate environment.
WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE FIRE AREA is a geographical area identified by the state as a “Fire Hazard Severity Zone” in accordance with the Public Resources Code Sections 4201 through 4204 and Government Code Sections 51175 through 51189, or other areas designated by the enforcing agency to be at a significant risk from wildfires. See Article 86B for the applicable referenced sections of the Government Code and the Public Resources Code.
4904.1 General. Lands in the state are classified by the CDF Director in accordance with the severity of wildfire hazard expected to prevail in those areas and the responsibility for fire protection, so that measures may be identified which will reduce the potential for losses to life, property and resources from wildfire.
4904.2 Classifications. The CDF Director classifies lands into fire hazard severity zones in accordance with California Public Resources Code Sections 4201 through 4204 for State Responsibility Areas and in accordance with Government Code Sections 51175 through 51189 for areas where a local agency is responsible for fire protection.
4905.1 General. Materials and construction methods for exterior wildfire exposure protection shall be applied within geographical areas where a wildfire burning in vegetative fuels may readily transmit fire to buildings and threaten to destroy life, overwhelm fire suppression capabilities, or result in large property losses.
4905.2 Construction methods and requirements within established limits. Within the limits established by law, construction methods intended to mitigate wildfire exposure shall comply with the wildfire protection building construction requirements
569contained in the California Building Standards Code including the following:
4905.3 Establishment of limits. The establishment of limits for the Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area's required construction methods shall be designated pursuant to the California Public Resources Code for State Responsibility areas or by a local agency following a finding supported by substantial evidence in the record that the requirements of this section are necessary for effective fire protection within the area.
4906.1 General. Hazardous vegetation and fuels shall be managed to reduce the severity of potential exterior wildfire exposure to buildings and to reduce the risk of fire spreading to buildings as required by applicable laws and regulations.
4906.2 Application. Buildings and structures located in the following areas shall maintain the required hazardous vegetation and fuel management:
4906.3 Requirements. Hazardous vegetation and fuels around all applicable buildings and structures shall be maintained in accordance with the following laws and regulations:
4907.1 General. Defensible space will be maintained around all buildings and structures in State Responsibility Area (SRA) as required in Public Resources Code 4290 and “SRA Fire Safe Regulations” California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Section 1270.
Buildings and structures within the Very-High Fire Hazard Severity Zones of a Local Responsibility Areas (LRA) shall maintain defensible space as outlined in Government Code 51175-51189 and any local ordinance of the authority having jurisdiction.
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Chapter/Section |
425.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to 24-hour care facilities in a Group R-2.1, R-3.1 or R-4 occupancy licensed by a governmental agency.
425.2 General. The provisions in this section shall apply in addition to general requirements in this code.
425.2.1 Restraint shall not be practiced in Group R-2.1, R-3.1 or R-4 occupancies.
Exception: Occupancies which meet all of the requirements for a Group I-3 occupancy.
425.2.2 Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13133, regulations of the state fire marshal pertaining to Occupancies classified as Residential Facilities (RF) and Residential-care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE) shall apply uniformly throughout the state and no city, county, city and county, including a charter city or charter county, or fire protection district shall adopt or enforce any ordinance or local rule or regulation relating to fire and panic safety which is inconsistent with these regulations. A city, county, city and county, including a charter city or charter county may pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143.5, or a fire protection district may pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13869.7, adopt standards more stringent than those adopted by the state fire marshal that are reasonably necessary to accommodate local climate, geological, or topographical conditions relating to roof coverings for Residential-care Facilities for the Elderly.
Exception: Local regulations relating to roof coverings in facilities licensed as a Residential Care Facility for the Elderly (RCFE) per Health and Safety Code Section 13133.
425.3 Building height and area provisions.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.23] Nonambulatory Housing in Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies. Nonambulatory persons in Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies shall not be housed above the first floor unless the buildings is of Type IA or Type IIA construction.
425.3.1 Group R-2.1, R-3.1, and R-4 shall be constructed in accordance with Table 503 of the California Building Code.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division I, §3.26] Operators Statement - Group I, R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies. Every person, firm or corporation maintaining or operating any Group I or R-2.1, R-3.1 or R-4 occupancy shall provide an operators statement in accordance with Section 13132 of the Health and Safety Code which reads as follows:
“13132. Every person, firm or corporation maintaining or operating any facilities for the care of the mentally handicapped shall file a statement with the fire authority having jurisdiction within five days of the admission or readmission of a patient stating that such patient is an ambulatory or a nonambulatory person and enumerating the reasons for such classification. Such a statement shall also be filed for each existing patient within 30 days of the effective date of this section.
Any statement required to be filed pursuant to this section shall be certified as to its correctness by the person attending such patient.
It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation required to file a statement pursuant to this section to include false statements therein. Any such act shall be in violation of this section and subject to the provisions of Section 13112.”
425.3.2 Limitations six or less clients. Group R-3.1 occupancies where clients are housed above the first story, having more than two stories in height or having more than 3,000 square feet (279 m2) of floor area above the first story shall not be of less than one-hour fire-resistance-rated construction throughout.
In Group R-3.1 occupancies housing a bedridden client, the client sleeping room shall not be located above or below the first story.
Exception: Clients who become bedridden as a result of a temporary illness as defined in Health and Safety Code Sections 1566.45, 1568.0832, and 1569.72. A temporary illness is an illness which persists for 14 days or less. A bedridden client may be retained in excess of the 14 days upon approved by the Department of Social Services and may continue to be housed on any story in a Group R-3.1 occupancy classified as a licensed residential facility.
Every licensee admitting or retaining a bedridden resident shall, within 48 hours of the resident's admission or retention in the facility, notify the local fire authority with jurisdiction of the estimated length of time the resident will retain his or her bedridden status in the facility.
425.3.3 Limitations seven or more clients. Group R-4 occupancies where nonambulatory clients are housed above the first story and there is more than 3,000 square feet (279 m2) of floor area above the first story or housing more than 16 clients above the first story shall be constructed of not less than one-hour fire-resistance-rated construction throughout.
425.3.4 Nonambulatory elderly clients. Group R-4 occupancies housing nonambulatory elderly clients shall be of not less than one-hour fire-resistance-rated construction throughout.
425.4 Type of construction provisions.
425.4.1 Group R-2.1, occupancies are not permitted in nonfire-resistance-rated construction, see Health and Safety Code Section 13131.5.
425.5 Fire-resistance-rated construction provisions.
425.5.1 Smoke barriers required. Group R-2.1 and R-4 occupancies licensed as a Residential Care Facility (RCF) with individual floor areas over 6,000 square feet (557 m2) per floor, shall be provided with smoke barriers, constructed in accordance with Section 710 of the California Building Code.
Group R-2.1 occupancies housing bedridden clients shall be provided with smoke barriers constructed in accordance with Section 710 of the California Building Code regardless of the number of clients.
When smoke barriers are required, the area within a smoke compartment shall not exceed 22,500 square feet (2090 m2) nor shall its travel distance exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm). Such smoke barriers shall divide the floor as equally as possible.
425.5.2 Smoke partitions. Group R-2.1 occupancies where smoke partitions are required, framing shall be covered with noncombustible materials having an approved thermal barrier with an index of not less than 15 in accordance with FM 4880, UL 1040, NFPA 286 or UL 1715.
425.5.3 Independent egress. At least two means of egress shall be provided from each smoke compartment created by smoke barriers. Means of egress may pass through adjacent compartment provided it does not return through the smoke compartment from which means of egress originated.
425.6 Interior finish provisions.
425.6.1 Interior wall and ceiling finish. Group R-3.1 occupancies housing a bedridden client shall comply with Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish requirements specified for Group I-2 occupancies in Table 903.3 of the California Building Code.
425.7 Fire Protection system provisions.
425.7.1 Automatic sprinkler systems in Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed where required in Section 903.
425.7.2 Fire alarm systems in Group R-2.1 and R-4 occupancies. An approved fire alarm system shall be installed where required in Section 907.
425.7.3 Smoke alarms in Groups R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies. Smoke alarms shall be installed where required in Section 907.2.10.
425.7.4 Hearing impaired. See Section 907.6.2.3.
425.8 Means of egress provisions.
425.8.1 General. In addition to the general means of egress requirements of Chapter 10, this section shall apply to Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies.
425.8.2 Number of exits.
425.8.2.1 Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies shall have a minimum of two exits.
Exception: Ancillary use areas or occupancies shall have egress as required by Section 1021.
425.8.3 Egress arrangements.
425.8.3.1 Egress through adjoining dwelling units shall not be permitted.
425.8.3.2 Group R-3.1 occupancies housing nonambulatory clients. In a Group R-3.1 occupancy, bedrooms used by nonambulatory clients shall have access to at least one of the required exits which shall conform to one of the following:
425.8.3.3 Group R-3.1 occupancies housing only one bedridden client. In Group R-3.1 occupancies housing a bedridden client and not provided with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system, all of the following shall apply:
Note: A sliding glass door can be used as an exterior exit doorway as long as it is operable from the inside and outside and the clear width of the exit way is not less than 32 inches (813 mm).
425.8.3.4 Intervening rooms. A means of exit shall not pass through more than one intervening room. A means of egress shall not pass through kitchens, storerooms, closets, garages or spaces used for similar purposes.
Exception: Kitchens which do not form separate rooms by construction.
425.8.4 Corridors.
425.8.4.1 Unless specified by Section 425.8.4, corridors serving Group R-2.1 and Group R-4 occupancies shall comply with Section 1018.1.
425.8.4.2 The minimum clear width of a corridor shall be as follows:
Exceptions:
- Corridors serving an occupant load of 10 or less shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in width.
- Corridors serving ambulatory persons only and having an occupant load of 49 or less shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in width.
- Group R-4 occupancies shall have 36 inches (914 mm) on floors housing clients.
In Group R-2.1 occupancies provided with fire sprinklers throughout and which are required to have rated corridors, door closers need not be installed on doors to client sleeping rooms.
425.8.4.3 In a Group R-2.1 and Group R-4 occupancies having smoke barriers, cross-corridor doors in corridors 6 feet (1829 mm) or less in width shall have, as a minimum, a door 36 inches (914 mm) in width.
425.8.5 Changes in level. In Group R-3.1 occupancies housing nonambulatory clients interior changes in level up to 0.25 inch (6 mm) may be vertical and without edge treatment. Changes in level between 0.25 inch (6 mm) and 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) shall be beveled with a slope no greater than 1 unit vertical in 2 units horizontal (50-percent slope). Changes in level greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) shall be accomplished by means of a ramp.
425.8.6 Stairways.
425.8.6.1 Group R-2.1 and Group R-4 occupancies housing more than six nonambulatory clients above the first floor shall be provided with two vertical exit enclosures. Stairway enclosures shall be in compliance with Section 1022. Exceptions to Section 1022 shall not apply in facilities licensed as a 24-hour care facility.
425.8.6.2 Group R-3.1 occupancies may continue to use existing stairways (except for winding and spiral stairways which are not permitted as a required means of egress) provided the stairs have a maximum rise of 8 inches (203 mm) with a minimum run of 9 inches (229 mm). The minimum stairway width may be 30 inches (762 mm).
425.8.7 Floor separation. Group R-3.1 occupancies shall be provided with a nonfire resistance constructed floor separation at stairs which will prevent smoke migration between floors. Such floors separation shall have equivalent construction of 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard on one side of wall framing.
Exceptions:
- Occupancies with at least one exterior exit from floors occupied by clients.
- Occupancies provided with automatic fire sprinkler systems complying with Chapter 9.
425.8.7.1 Doors within floor separations. Doors within such floor separations shall be tight fitting solid wood at least 13/8inches (35 mm) in thickness. Door glazing shall not exceed 1296 square inches (32 918 mm2) with no dimension greater than 54 inches (1372 mm). Such doors shall be positive latching, smoke gasketed and shall be automatic-closing by smoke detection.
425.8.8 Fences and gates. Grounds of a Residential Care for the Elderly facility serving Alzheimer clients may be fenced and gates therein equipped with locks, provided safe dispersal areas are located not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the buildings. Dispersal areas shall be sized to provide an area of not less than 3 square feet (0.28 m2) per occupant. Gates shall not be installed across corridors or passage-
575ways leading to such dispersal areas unless they comply with egress requirements.
425.8.9 Basement exits. One exit is required to grade level when the basement is accessible to clients.
425.8.10 Delayed egress locks. See Section 1008.1.9.7.
425.9 Request for alternate means of protection for facilities housing bedridden clients. Request for alternate means of protection shall apply to Section 425 through 425.9 Request for approval to use an alternative material, assembly or materials, equipment, method of construction, method of installation of equipment, or means of protection shall be made in writing to the local fire enforcing agency by the facility, client or the client's authorized representative. Sufficient evidence shall be submitted to substantiate the need for an alternate means of protection.
The facility, client or the client's representative or the local fire enforcing agency may request a written opinion from the State Fire Marshal concerning the interpretation of the regulations promulgated by the State Fire Marshal for a particular factual dispute. The State Fire Marshal shall issue the written opinion within 45 days following the request.
Approval of a request for use of an alternative material, assembly or materials, equipment, method of construction, method of installation of equipment, or means of protection made pursuant to this section shall be limited to Group R, 3.1 occupancies housing a bedridden client.
Approvals made by the local fire enforcing agency and the written opinion by the State Fire Marshal shall be applicable only to the requesting facility and shall not be construed as establishing any precedent for any future request by that facility or any other facility.
425.10 Temporarily bedridden clients. Clients who become temporarily bedridden as defined in Health and Safety Code Section 1569.72, as enforced by the Department of Social Services, may continue to be housed on any story in Group R-2.1, R-3.1, or R-4 occupancies classified as Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE). Every Residential Care Facility for the Elderly (RCFE) admitting or retaining a bedridden resident shall within 48 hours of the resident's admission or retention in the facility, notify the local fire authority with jurisdiction of the estimated length of time the resident will retain his or her bedridden status in the facility.
CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE-MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
APPENDIX A – BOARD OF APPEALS (Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.
A101.1 Scope. A board of appeals shall be established within the jurisdiction for the purpose of hearing applications for modification of the requirements of the International Fire Code Pursuant to the provision of Section 108 of the International Fire Code. The board shall be established and operated in accordance with this section, and shall be authorized to hear evidence from appellants and the fire code official pertaining to the application and intent of this code for the purpose of issuing orders pursuant to these provisions.
A101.2 Membership. The membership of the board shall consist of five voting members having the qualifications established by this section. Members shall be nominated by the fire code official or the chief administrative officer of the jurisdiction, subject to confirmation by a majority vote of the governing body. Members shall serve without remuneration or compensation, and shall be removed from office prior to the end of their appointed terms only for cause.
A101.2.1 Design professional. One member shall be a practicing design professional registered in the practice of engineering or architecture in the state in which the board is established.
A101.2.2 Fire protection engineering professional. One member shall be a qualified engineer, technologist, technician or safety professional trained in fire protection engineering, fire science or fire technology. Qualified representatives in this category shall include fire protection contractors and certified technicians engaged in fire protection system design.
A101.2.3 Industrial safety professional. One member shall be a registered industrial or chemical engineer, certified hygienist, certified safety professional, certified hazardous material manager or comparably qualified specialist experienced in chemical process safety or industrial safety.
A101.2.4 General contractor. One member shall be a contractor regularly engaged in the construction, alteration, maintenance, repair or remodeling of buildings or building services and systems regulated by the code.
A101.2.5 General industry or business representative. One member shall be a representative of business or industry not represented by a member from one of the other categories of board members described above.
A101.3 Terms of office. Members shall be appointed for terms of four years. No member shall be reappointed to serve more than two consecutive full terms.
A101.3.1 Initial appointments. Of the members first appointed, two shall be appointed for a term of 1 year, two for a term of 2 years, one for a term of 3 years.
A101.3.2 Vacancies. Vacancies shall be filled for an unexpired term in the manner in which original appointments are required to be made. Members appointed to fill a vacancy in an unexpired term shall be eligible for reappointment to two full terms.
A101.3.3 Removal from office. Members shall be removed from office prior to the end of their terms only for cause. Continued absence of any member from regular meeting of the board shall, at the discretion of the applicable governing body, render any such member liable to immediate removal from office.
A101.4 Quorum. Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum. In varying the application of any provisions of this code or in modifying an order of the fire code official. affirmative votes of the majority present, but not less than three shall be required.
A101.5 Secretary of board. The fire code official shall act as secretary of the board and shall keep a detailed record of all its proceeding which shall set forth the reasons for its decisions, the vote of each member, the absence of a member and any failure of a member to vote.
A101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.
A101.7 Meetings. The board shall meet at regular intervals, to be determined by the chairman. In any event, the board shall meet within 10 days after notice of appeal has been received.
A101.8 Conflict of interest. Member with a material or financial interest in a matter before the board shall declare such interest and refrain from participating in discussions, deliberations and voting on such matters.
A101.9 Decisions. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the fire code official and shall be open to public inspection. A certified copy shall be sent by mail or otherwise to the appellant, and a copy shall be kept publicly posted in the office of the fire code official for 2 weeks after filing.
A101.10 Procedures. The board shall be operated in accordance with the Administrative Procedures Act of the state in which it is established or shall establish rules and regulations for its own procedure not inconsistent with the provisions of this code and applicable state law.
579 580Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||
B105.2 | X |
B101.1 Scope. The procedure for determining fire-flow requirements for buildings or portions of buildings hereafter constructed shall be in accordance with this appendix. This appendix does not apply to structures other than buildings.
B102.1 Definitions. For the purpose of this appendix, certain terms are defined as follows:
FIRE-FLOW. The flow rate of a water supply, measured at 20 pounds per square inch (psi) (138 kPa) residual pressure, that is available for fire fighting.
FIRE-FLOW CALCULATION AREA. The floor area, in square feet (m2), used to determine the required fire flow.
B103.1 Decreases. The fire chief is authorized to reduce the fire-flow requirements for isolated buildings or a group of buildings in rural areas or small communities where the development of full fire-flow requirements is impractical.
B103.2 Increases. The fire chief is authorized to increase the fire-flow requirements where conditions indicate an unusual susceptibility to group fires or conflagrations. An increase shall not be more than twice that required for the building under consideration.
B103.3 Areas without water supply systems. For information regarding water supplies for fire-fighting purposes in rural and suburban areas in which adequate and reliable water supply systems do not exist, the fire code official is authorized to utilize NFPA 1142 or the International Wildland-Urban Interface Code.
B104.1 General. The fire-flow calculation area shall be the total floor area of all floor levels within the exterior walls, and under the horizontal projections of the roof of a building, except as modified in Section B104.3.
B104.2 Area separation. Portions of buildings which are separated by fire walls without openings, constructed in accordance with the California Building Code, are allowed to be considered as separate fire-flow calculation areas.
B104.3 Type IA and Type IB construction. The fire-flow calculation area of buildings constructed of Type IA and Type IB construction shall be the area of the three largest successive floors.
Exception: Fire-flow calculation area for open parking garages shall be determined by the area of the largest floor.
B105.1 One- and two-family dwellings. The minimum fire-flow requirements for one- and two-family dwellings having a fire-flow calculation area which does not exceed 3,600 square feet (344.5 m2) shall be 1,000 gallons per minute (3785.4 L/min). Fire-flow and flow duration for dwellings having a fire-flow calculation area in excess of 3,600 square feet (344.5 m2) shall not be less than that specified in Table B105.1.
Exception: A reduction in required fire flow of 50 percent, as approved, is allowed when the building is provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
B105.2 Buildings other than one- and two-family dwellings. The minimum fire-flow and flow duration for buildings other than one- and two- family dwellings shall be as specified in Table B105.1.
Exceptions:
- A reduction in required fire-flow of up to 75 percent, as approved, is allowed when the building is provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. The resulting fire-flow shall not be less than 1,500 gallons per minute (5678 L/min) for the prescribed duration as specified in Table B105.1.
- Group B, S-2 and U occupancies having a floor area not exceeding 1,000 square feet (93 m2), primarily constructed of noncombustible exterior walls with wood or steel roof framing, having a Class A roof assembly, with uses limited to the following or similar uses:
- California State Parks buildings of an accessory nature (restrooms).
- Safety roadside rest areas, (SRRA), public restrooms.
- Truck inspection facilities, (TIF), CHP office space and vehicle inspection bays.
- Sand/salt storage buildings, storage of sand and salt.
CBC-07 | California Building Code | B104.2, Table B105.1 |
|
ICC | IWUIC-06 | International Wildland-Urban Interface Code | B103.3 |
NFPA | 1142-01 | Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting | B103.3 |
FIRE-FLOW CALCULATION AREA (square feet) | FIRE-FLOW (gallons per minute)c | FLOW DURATION (hours) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type IA and IBb | Type IIA and IIIAb | Type IV and V-Ab | Type IIB and IIIBb | Type V-Bb | ||
For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa. | ||||||
a. Types of construction are based on the California Building Code. | ||||||
b. Measured at 20 psi residual pressure | ||||||
0-22,700 | 0-12,700 | 0-8,200 | 0-5,900 | 0-3,600 | 1,500 | 2 |
22,701-30,200 | 12,701-17,000 | 8,201-10,900 | 5,901-7,900 | 3,601-4,800 | 1,750 | |
30,201-38,700 | 17,001-21,800 | 10,901-12,900 | 7,901-9,800 | 4,801-6,200 | 2,000 | |
38,701-48,300 | 21,801-24,200 | 12,901-17,400 | 9,801-12,600 | 6,201-7,700 | 2,250 | |
48,301-59,000 | 24,201-33,200 | 17,401-21,300 | 12,601-15,400 | 7,701-9,400 | 2,500 | |
59,001-70,900 | 33,201-39,700 | 21,301-25,500 | 15,401-18,400 | 9,401-11,300 | 2,750 | |
70,901-83,700 | 39,701-47,100 | 25,501-30,100 | 18,401-21,800 | 11,301-13,400 | 3,000 | 3 |
83,701-97,700 | 47,101-54,900 | 30,101-35,200 | 21,801-25,900 | 13,401-15,600 | 3,250 | |
97,701-112,700 | 54,901-63,400 | 35,201-40,600 | 25,901-29,300 | 15,601-18,000 | 3,500 | |
112,701-128,700 | 63,401-72,400 | 40,601-46,400 | 29,301-33,500 | 18,001-20,600 | 3,750 | |
128,701-145,900 | 72,401-82,100 | 46,401-52,500 | 33,501-37,900 | 20,601-23,300 | 4,000 | 4 |
145,901-164,200 | 82,101-92,400 | 52,501-59,100 | 37,901-42,700 | 23,301-26,300 | 4,250 | |
164,201-183,400 | 92,401-103,100 | 59,101-66,000 | 42,701-47,700 | 26,301-29,300 | 4,500 | |
183,401-203,700 | 103,101-114,600 | 66,001-73,300 | 47,701-53,000 | 29,301-32,600 | 4,750 | |
203,701-225,200 | 114,601-126,700 | 73,301-81,100 | 53,001-58,600 | 32,601-36,000 | 5,000 | |
225,201-247,700 | 126,701-139,400 | 81,101-89,200 | 58,601-65,400 | 36,001-39,600 | 5,250 | |
247,701-271,200 | 139,401-152,600 | 89,201-97,700 | 65,401-70,600 | 39,601-43,400 | 5,500 | |
271,201-295,900 | 152,601-166,500 | 97,701-106,500 | 70,601-77,000 | 43,401-47,400 | 5,750 | |
295,901-Greater | 166,501-Greater | 106,501-115,800 | 77,001-83,700 | 47,401-51,500 | 6,000 | |
— | — | 115,801-125,500 | 83,701-90,600 | 51,501-55,700 | 6,250 | |
— | — | 125,501-135,500 | 90,601-97,900 | 55,701-60,200 | 6,500 | |
— | — | 135,501-145,800 | 97,901-106,800 | 60,201-64,800 | 6,750 | |
— | — | 145,801-156,700 | 106,801-113,200 | 64,801-69,600 | 7,000 | |
— | — | 156,701-167,900 | 113,201-121,300 | 69,601-74,600 | 7,250 | |
— | — | 167,901-179,400 | 121,301-129,600 | 74,601-79,800 | 7,500 | |
— | — | 179,401-191,400 | 129,601-138,300 | 79,801-85,100 | 7,750 | |
— | — | 191,401-Greater | 138,301-Greater | 85,101-Greater | 8,000 |
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter/Section |
BB101.1 The procedures determining fire-flow requirements for any school buildings or portions of buildings hereafter constructed for which review and approval is required under Sub-division (a) of Section 17280 of the Government Code shall be in accordance with this appendix as amended by the State Fire Marshal. This appendix does not apply to structures other than buildings.
BB102.1 For the purpose of Appendix III-A, certain terms are defined as follows:
FIRE AREA is the floor area, in square feet, used to determine the required fire flow.
FIRE FLOW is the flow rate of a water supply, measured at 20 psi (137.9 kPa) residual pressure, that is available for firefighting.
BB103.1 An alternative method of providing water for fire protection or any other alternative in lieu of providing the water may be enforced when deemed appropriate by the fire chief and the State Fire Marshal.
BB104.1 General. The fire area shall be the total floor area of all floor levels within the exterior walls, and under the horizontal projections of the roof of a building, except as modified in Section 4.
BB104.2 Area separation. Portions of buildings which are separated by one or more four-hour area separation walls constructed in accordance with the California Building Code, without openings and provided with a 30-inch (762 mm) parapet, are allowed to be considered as separate fire areas.
BB104.3 Type I and Type IB construction. The fire area of buildings constructed of Type I and Type IB construction shall be the area of the three largest successive floors.
BB105.1 The minimum fire flow and flow duration for school buildings shall be as specified in Table BB105.1.
Exception: A reduction in required fire flow of up to 75 percent, is allowed when the building is provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
FIRE AREA (square feet) | FIRE-FLOW(gallons per minute)b | FLOW DURATION(hours) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type IA and IBa | Type IIA and IIIAa | Type IV and V-Aa | Type IIB and IIIBa | Type V-Ba | ||
For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L⁄m, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa. | ||||||
a. Types of construction are based on the California Building Code. | ||||||
b. Measured at 20 psi. | ||||||
0-22,700 | 0-12,700 | 0-8,200 | 0-5,900 | 0-3,600 | 1,500 | 2 |
22,701-30,200 | 12,701-17,000 | 8,201-10,900 | 5,901-7,900 | 3,601-4,800 | 1,750 | |
30,201-38,700 | 17,001-21,800 | 10,901-12,900 | 7,901-9,800 | 4,801-6,200 | 2,000 | |
38,701-48,300 | 21,801-24,200 | 12,901-17,400 | 9,801-12,600 | 6,201-7,700 | 2,250 | |
48,301-59,000 | 24,201-33,200 | 17,401-21,300 | 12,601-15,400 | 7,701-9,400 | 2,500 | |
59,001-70,900 | 33,201-39,700 | 21,301-25,500 | 15,401-18,400 | 9,401-11,300 | 2,750 | |
70,901-83,700 | 39,701-47,100 | 25,501-30,100 | 18,401-21,800 | 11,301-13,400 | 3,000 | 3 |
83,701-97,700 | 47,101-54,900 | 30,101-35,200 | 21,801-25,900 | 13,401-15,600 | 3,250 | |
97,701-112,700 | 54,901-63,400 | 35,201-40,600 | 25,901-29,300 | 15,601-18,000 | 3,500 | |
112,701-128,700 | 63,401-72,400 | 40,601-46,400 | 29,301-33,500 | 18,001-20,600 | 3,750 | |
128,701-145,900 | 72,401-82,100 | 46,401-52,500 | 33,501-37,900 | 20,601-23,300 | 4,000 | 4 |
145,901-164,200 | 82,101-92,400 | 52,501-59,100 | 37,901-42,700 | 23,301-26,300 | 4,250 | |
164,201-183,400 | 92,401-103,100 | 59,101-66,000 | 42,701-47,700 | 26,301-29,300 | 4,500 | |
183,401-203,700 | 103,101-114,600 | 66,001-73,300 | 47,701-53,000 | 29,301-32,600 | 4,750 | |
203,701-225,200 | 114,601-126,700 | 73,301-81,100 | 53,001-58,600 | 32,601-36,000 | 5,000 | |
225,201-247,700 | 126,701-139,400 | 81,101-89,200 | 58,601-65,400 | 36,001-39,600 | 5,250 | |
247,701-271,200 | 139,401-152,600 | 89,201-97,700 | 65,401-70,600 | 39,601-43,400 | 5,500 | |
271,201-295,900 | 152,601-166,500 | 97,701-106,500 | 70,601-77,000 | 43,401-47,400 | 5,750 | |
295,901-Greater | 166,501-Greater | 106,501-115,800 | 77,001-83,700 | 47,401-51,500 | 6,000 | |
— | — | 115,801-125,500 | 83,701-90,600 | 51,501-55,700 | 6,250 | |
— | — | 125,501-135,500 | 90,601-97,900 | 55,701-60,200 | 6,500 | |
— | — | 135,501-145,800 | 97,901-106,800 | 60,201-64,800 | 6,750 | |
— | — | 145,801-156,700 | 106,801-113,200 | 64,801-69,600 | 7,000 | |
— | — | 156,701-167,900 | 113,201-121,300 | 69,601-74,600 | 7,250 | |
— | — | 167,901-179,400 | 121,301-129,600 | 74,601-79,800 | 7,500 | |
— | — | 179,401-191,400 | 129,601-138,300 | 79,801-85,100 | 7,750 | |
— | — | 191,401-Greater | 138,301-Greater | 85,101-Greater | 8,000 |
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter⁄Section | |||||||||||||||||||
C101.1 | X |
C101.1 Scope. Fire hydrants shall be provided in accordance with this appendix for the protection of buildings, or portions of buildings, hereafter constructed.
Exception: Group B, S-2 and U occupancies having a floor area not exceeding 1,000 square feet (93 m2), primarily constructed of noncombustible exterior walls with wood or steel roof framing, having a Class A roof assembly, with uses limited to the following or similar uses:
- California State Parks buildings of an accessory nature (restrooms)
- Safety roadside rest areas, (SRRA), public restrooms
- Truck inspection facilities, (TIF), CHP office space and vehicle inspection bays.
- Sand/salt storage buildings, storage of sand and salt
C102.1 Fire hydrant locations. Fire hydrants shall be provided along required fire apparatus access roads and adjacent public streets.
C103.1 Fire hydrants available. The minimum number of fire hydrants available to a building shall not be less than that listed in Table C105.1. The number of fire hydrants available to a complex or subdivision shall not be less than that determined by spacing requirements listed in Table C105.1 when applied to fire apparatus access roads and perimeter public streets from which fire operations could be conducted.
C104.1 Existing fire hydrants. Existing fire hydrants on public streets are allowed to be considered as available. Existing fire hydrants on adjacent properties shall not be considered available unless fire apparatus access roads extend between properties and easements are established to prevent obstruction of such roads.
C105.1 Hydrant spacing. The average spacing between fire hydrants shall not exceed that listed in Table C105.1.
Exception: The fire chief is authorized to accept a deficiency of up to 10 percent where existing fire hydrants provide all or a portion of the required fire hydrant service.
Regardless of the average spacing, fire hydrants shall be located such that all points on streets and access roads adjacent to a building are within the distances listed in Table C105.1.
591FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENT(gpm) | MINIMUM NUMBER OF HYDRANTS | AVERAGE SPACING BETWEEN HYDRANTSa,b,c (feet) | MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM ANY POINT ON STREET OR ROAD FRONTAGE TO A HYDRANTd |
---|---|---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m. | |||
a. Reduce by 100 feet for dead-end streets or roads. | |||
b. Where streets are provided with median dividers which can be crossed by fire fighters pulling hose lines, or where arterial streets are provided with four or more traffic lanes and have a traffic count of more than 30,000 vehicles per day, hydrant spacing shall average 500 feet on each side of the street and be arranged on an alternating basis up to a fire-flow requirement of 7,000 gallons per minute and 400 feet for higher fire-flow requirements. | |||
c. Where new water mains are extended along streets where hydrants are not needed for protection of structures or similar fire problems, fire hydrants shall be provided at spacing not to exceed 1,000 feet to provide for transportation hazards. | |||
d. Reduce by 50 feet for dead-end streets or roads. | |||
e. One hydrant for each 1,000 gallons per minute or fraction thereof. | |||
1,750 or less | 1 | 500 | 250 |
2,000-2,250 | 2 | 450 | 225 |
2,500 | 3 | 450 | 225 |
3,000 | 3 | 400 | 225 |
3,500-4,000 | 4 | 350 | 210 |
4,500-5,000 | 5 | 300 | 180 |
5,500 | 6 | 300 | 180 |
6,000 | 6 | 250 | 150 |
6,500-7,000 | 7 | 250 | 150 |
7,500 or more | 8 or moree | 200 | 120 |
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adopt only those sections that are listed below | |||||||||||||||||||
Chapter⁄Section |
CC101.1 Fire hydrants shall be provided in accordance with this appendix for the protection of any school buildings, or portions thereof hereafter constructed for which review and approval are required under Subdivision (a) of Section 17280 of the Government Code.
CC102.1 Fire hydrants shall be provided along required fire apparatus access roads and adjacent public streets.
CC103.1 The minimum number of fire hydrants available to a building shall not be less than that listed in Table CC105.1. The number of fire hydrants available to a complex or subdivision shall not be less than that determined by spacing requirements listed in Table CC105.1 when applied to fire apparatus access roads and perimeter streets from which fire operations could be conducted.
CC104.1 Existing fire hydrants on public streets are allowed to be considered as available. Existing fire hydrants on adjacent properties shall not be considered available unless fire apparatus access roads extend between properties and easements are established to prevent obstruction of such roads.
CC105.1 The average spacing between fire hydrants shall not exceed that listed in Table CC105.1.
Exception: A deficiency of up to 10 percent shall not be allowed when existing fire hydrants provide all or a portion of the required fire hydrant service.
Regardless of the average spacing, fire hydrants shall be located such that all points on streets and access roads adjacent to a building are within the distance listed in Table CC105.1.
CC105.2 When public or private water mains are not available to supply fire flow [not within 1,000 feet (304 800 mm) of the proposed building], the following alternatives shall be used:
Exception: Portable (relocatable) buildings, as defined in California Education Code Section 17742.5(e), which requires that portable buildings be designed and constructed to be relocatable over public streets, shall be designed and constructed for relocation without the separation of the roof or floor from the building and when measured at the most exterior walls, shall have a floor area not in excess of 2,000 square feet (186 m2). Such portable buildings shall be separated from other structures in groupings not to exceed 9,100 square feet (845 m2) in building area (pursuant to Table 503, California Building Code, for Type V-B buildings). Further area increases shall be as approved by the local fire authority, having jurisdiction and the state fire marshal.
The water for sprinklers may be supplied by the domestic system, a pressure tank, a gravity tank or other means in accordance with NPFA 13. Water tanks shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 22. (See the California Building Code, Chapter 9.)
FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENT (gpm) | MINIMUM NUMBER OF HYDRANTS | AVERAGE SPACING BETWEEN HYDRANTSa, b, c (feet) | MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM ANY POINT ON STREET OR ROAD FRONTAGE TO A HYDRANTd |
---|---|---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m. | |||
a. Reduce by 100 feet for dead-end streets or roads. | |||
b. Where streets are provided with median dividers which can be crossed by fire fighters pulling hose lines, or where arterial streets are provided with four or more traffic lanes and have a traffic count of more than 30,000 vehicles per day, hydrant spacing shall average 500 feet on each side of the street and be arranged on an alternating basis up to a fire-flow requirement of 7,000 gallons per minute and 400 feet for higher fire-flow requirements. | |||
c. Where new water mains are extended along streets where hydrants are not needed for protection of structures or similar fire problems, fire hydrants shall be provided at spacing not to exceed 1,000 feet to provide for transportation hazards. | |||
d. Reduce by 50 feet for dead-end streets or roads. | |||
e. One hydrant for each 1,000 gallons per minute or fraction thereof. | |||
1,750 or less | 1 | 500 | 250 |
2,000-2,250 | 2 | 450 | 225 |
2,500 | 3 | 450 | 225 |
3,000 | 3 | 400 | 225 |
3,500-4,000 | 4 | 350 | 210 |
4,500-5,000 | 5 | 300 | 180 |
5,500 | 6 | 300 | 180 |
6,000 | 6 | 250 | 150 |
6,500-7,000 | 7 | 250 | 150 |
7,500 or more | 8 or moree | 200 | 120 |
CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE-MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
APPENDIX D - FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS (Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal)
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.
D101.1 Scope. Fire apparatus access roads shall be in accordance with this appendix and all other applicable requirements of the International Fire Code.
D102.1 Access and loading. Facilities, buildings or portions of buildings hereafter constructed shall be accessible to fire department apparatus by way of an approved fire apparatus access road with an asphalt, concrete or other approved driving surface capable of supporting the imposed load of fire apparatus weighing at least 75,000 pounds (34 050 kg).
D103.1 Access road width with a hydrant. Where a fire hydrant is located on a fire apparatus access road, the minimum road width shall be 26 feet (7925 mm), exclusive of shoulders (see Figure D103.1).
D103.2 Grade. Fire apparatus access roads shall not exceed 10 percent in grade.
Exception: Grades steeper than 10 percent as approved by the fire chief.
D103.3 Turning radius. The minimum turning radius shall be determined by the fire code official.
D103.4 Dead ends. Dead-end fire apparatus access roads in excess of 150 feet (45 720 mm) shall be provided with width and turnaround provisions in accordance with Table D103.4.
LENGTH (feet) | WIDTH (feet) | TURNAROUNDS REQUIRED |
---|---|---|
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. | ||
0—150 | 20 | None required |
151—500 | 20 | 120-foot Hammerhead, 60-foot “Y” or 96-foot-diameter cul-de-sac in accordance with Figure D103.1 |
501—750 | 26 | 120-foot Hammerhead, 60-foot “Y” or 96-foot-diameter cul-de-sac in accordance with Figure D103.1 |
Over 750 | Special approval required |
D103.5 Fire apparatus access road gates. Gates securing the fire apparatus access roads shall comply with all of the following criteria:
D103.6 Signs. Where required by the fire code official, fire apparatus access roads shall be marked with permanent NO PARKING—FIRE LANE signs complying with Figure D103.6. Signs shall have a minimum dimension of 12 inches (305 mm) wide by 18 inches (457 mm) high and have red letters on a white reflective background. Signs shall be posted on one or both sides of the fire apparatus road as required by Section D103.6.1 or D103.6.2.
FIGURE D103.6
FIRE LANE SIGNS
D103.6.1 Roads 20 to 26 feet in width. Fire apparatus access roads 20 to 26 feet wide (6096 to 7925 mm) shall be posted on both sides as a fire lane.
D103.6.2 Roads more than 26 feet in width. Fire apparatus access roads more than 26 feet wide (7925 mm) to 32 feet wide (9754 mm) shall be posted on one side of the road as a fire lane.
D104.1 Buildings exceeding three stories or 30 feet in height. Buildings or facilities exceeding 30 feet (9144 mm) or three stories in height shall have at least two means of fire apparatus access for each structure.
D104.2 Buildings exceeding 62,000 square feet in area. Buildings or facilities having a gross building area of more than 62,000 square feet (5760 m2) shall be provided with two separate and approved fire apparatus access roads.
Exception: Projects having a gross building area of up to 124,000 square feet (11 520 m2) that have a single approved fire apparatus access road when all buildings are equipped throughout with approved automatic sprinkler systems.
D104.3 Remoteness. Where two access roads are required, they shall be placed a distance apart equal to not less than one half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the property or area to be served, measured in a straight line between accesses.
D105.1 Where required. Buildings or portions of buildings or facilities exceeding 30 feet (9144 mm) in height above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall be provided with approved fire apparatus access roads capable of accommodating fire department aerial apparatus. Overhead utility and power lines shall not be located within the aerial fire apparatus access roadway.
D105.2 Width. Aerial fire apparatus access roads shall have a minimum unobstructed width of 26 feet (7925 mm), exclusive of shoulders, in the immediate vicinity of any building or portion of building more than 30 feet (9144 mm) in height.
D105.3 Proximity to building. At least one of the required access routes meeting this condition shall be located within a minimum of 15 feet (4572 mm) and a maximum of 30 feet (9144 mm) from the building, and shall be positioned parallel to one entire side of the building.
D106.1 Projects having more than 100 dwelling units. Multiple-family residential projects having more than 100 dwelling units shall be equipped throughout with two separate and approved fire apparatus access roads.
Exception: Projects having up to 200 dwelling units may have a single approved fire apparatus access road when all buildings, including nonresidential occupancies, are equipped throughout with approved automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
D106.2 Projects having more than 200 dwelling units. Multiple-family residential projects having more than 200 dwelling units shall be provided with two separate and approved fire apparatus access roads regardless of whether they are equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
600D107.1 One- or two-family dwelling residential developments. Developments of one- or two-family dwellings where the number of dwelling units exceeds 30 shall be provided with separate and approved fire apparatus access roads and shall meet the requirements of Section D104.3.
Exceptions:
- Where there are more than 30 dwelling units on a single public or private fire apparatus access road and all dwelling units are equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3 of the International Fire Code, access from two directions shall not be required.
- The number of dwelling units on a single fire apparatus access road shall not be increased unless fire apparatus access roads will connect with future development, as determined by the fire code official.
ASTM F | 2200-05 | Standard Specification for Automated Vehicular Gate Construction | D103.5 |
ICC | IFC-09 | International Fire Code | D101.5, D107.1 |
UL | 325-02 | Door, Drapery, Gate, Louver, and Window Operators and Systems, with revisions through February 2006 | D103.5 |
CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE-MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
APPENDIX E – HAZARD CATEGORIES (Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal)
This appendix is for information purposes and is not intended for adoption.
E101.1 Scope. This appendix provides information, explanations and examples to illustrate and clarify the hazard categories contained in Chapter 27 of the International Fire Code. The hazard categories are based upon the DOL 29 CFR. Where numerical classifications are included, they are in accordance with nationally recognized standards.
This appendix should not be used as the sole means of hazardous materials classification.
E102.1 Physical hazards. Materials classified in this section pose a physical hazard.
E102.1.1 Explosives and blasting agents. The current UN/DOT classification system recognized by international authorities, the Department of Defense and others classifies all explosives as Class 1 materials. They are then divided into six separate divisions to indicate their relative hazard. There is not a direct correlation between the designations used by the old DOT system and those used by the current system nor is there correlation with the system (high and low) established by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF). Table 3304.3 of the International Fire Code provides some guidance with regard to the current categories and their relationship to the old categories. Some items may appear in more than one division, depending on factors such as the degree of confinement or separation, by type of packaging, storage configuration or state of assembly.
In order to determine the level of hazard presented by explosive materials, testing to establish quantitatively their explosive nature is required. There are numerous test methods that have been used to establish the character of an explosive material. Standardized tests, required for finished goods containing explosives or explosive materials in a packaged form suitable for shipment or storage, have been established by UN/DOT and BATF. However, these tests do not consider key elements that should be examined in a manufacturing situation. In manufacturing operations, the condition and/or the state of a material may vary within the process. The in-process material classification and classification requirements for materials used in the manufacturing process may be different from the classification of the same material when found in finished goods depending on the stage of the process in which the material is found. A classification methodology must be used that recognizes the hazards commensurate with the application to the variable physical conditions as well as potential variations of physical character and type of explosive under consideration.
Test methods or guidelines for hazard classification of energetic materials used for in-process operations shall be approved by the fire code official. Test methods used shall be DOD, BATF, UN/DOT or other approved criteria. The results of such testing shall become a portion of the files of the jurisdiction and be included as an independent section of any Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMMP) required by Section 3305.2.1 of the International Fire Code. Also see Section 104.7.2 of the International Fire Code.
Examples of materials in various Divisions are as follows:
Explosives in each division are assigned a compatibility group letter by the Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety (DOT) based on criteria specified by DOTn 49 CFR. Compatibility group letters are used to specify the controls for the transportation and storage related to various materials to prevent an increase in hazard that might result if certain types of explosives were stored or transported together. Altogether, there are 35 possible classification codes for explosives, e.g., 1.1A, 1.3C, 1.4S, etc.
E102.1.2 Compressed gases. Examples include:
For binary mixtures where the hazardous component is diluted with a nonflammable gas, the mixture shall be categorized in accordance with CGA P-23.
E102.1.3 Flammable and combustible liquids. Examples include:
Class IA liquids shall include those having flash points below 73°F (23°C) and having a boiling point at or below 100°F (38°C).
Class IB liquids shall include those having flash points below 73°F (23°C) and having a boiling point at or above 100°F (38°C).
Class IC liquid shall include those having flash points at or above 73°F (23°C) and below 100°F (38°C).
Class II liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 100°F (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C).
Class IIIA liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C).
Class IIIB liquids shall include those liquids having flash points at or above 200°F (93°C).
E102.1.4 Flammable solids. Examples include:
E102.1.5 Combustible dusts and powders. Finely divided solids which may be dispersed in air as a dust cloud: wood sawdust, plastics, coal, flour, powdered metals (few exceptions).
E102.1.6. Combustible fibers. See Section 2902.1.
E102.1.7 Oxidizers. Examples include:
E102.1.7.1 Examples of liquid and solid oxidizers according to hazard.
Class 4: ammonium perchlorate (particle size greater than 15 microns), ammonium permanganate, guanidine nitrate, hydrogen peroxide solutions more than 91 percent by weight, perchloric acid solutions more than 72.5 percent by weight, potassium superoxide, tetranitromethane.
606Class 3: ammonium dichromate, calcium hypochlorite (over 50 percent by weight), chloric acid (10 percent maximum concentration), hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 52 percent up to 91 percent), mono-(trichloro)-tetra-(monopotassium dichloro)-penta-s-triazinetrione, nitric acid, (fuming—more than 86 percent concentration), perchloric
acid solutions (60 percent to 72 percent by weight), potassium bromate, potassium chlorate, potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (potassium dichloro-isocyanurate), sodium bromate, sodium chlorate, sodium chlorite (over 40 percent by weight) and sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (sodium dichloro-isocyanurate).
Class 2: barium bromate, barium chlorate, barium hypochlorite, barium perchlorate, barium permanganate, 1-bromo-3-chloro-5, 5-dimethlyhydantoin, calcium chlorate, calcium chlorite, calcium perchlorate, hypochlorite (50 percent or less by weight), calcium perchlorate, calcium permanganate, chromium trioxide (chromic acid), copper chlorate, halane (1, 3-dichloro-5, 5-dimethyhdantoin), hydrogen peroxide (greater than 27.5 percent up to 52 percent), lead perchlorate, lithium chlorate, lithium hypochlorite (more than 39 percent available chlorine), lithium perchlorate, magnesium bromate, magnesium chlorate, magnesium perchlorate, mercurous chlorate, nitric acid (more than 40 percent but less than 86 percent but less than 60 percent), potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate, potassium peroxide, sodium chlorite (40 percent or less by weight), sodium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate monohydrate, sodium permanganate, sodium peroxide, strontium chlorate, strontium perchlorate, thallium chlorate, trichloro-s-trianzinetrione (trichloroisocyanuric acid), urea hydrogen peroxide, zinc bromate, zinc chlorate and zinc permanganate.
Class 1: all inorganic nitrates (unless otherwise classified), all inorganic nitrites (unless otherwise classified), ammonium persulfate, barium peroxide, calcium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 8 percent up to 27.5 percent), lead dioxide, lithium hypochlorite (39 percent or less available, chlorine), lithium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, manganese dioxide, nitric acid (40 percent concentration or less), perchloric acid solutions (less than 50 percent by weight), potassium dichromate, potassium percarbonate, potassium persulfate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione dichromate, sodium perborate (anhydrous), sodium perborate monohydrate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium percarbonate, sodium persulfate, strontium peroxide and zinc peroxide.
E102.1.8 Organic peroxides. Organic peroxides contain the double oxygen or peroxy (-o-o) group. Some are flammable compounds and subject to explosive decomposition.
They are available as:
E102.1.8.1 Classification of organic peroxides according to hazard.
Unclassified: Unclassified organic peroxides are capable of detonation and are regulated in accordance with Chapter 33 of the International Fire Code.
Class I: acetyl cyclohexane sulfonyl 60-65 percent concentration by weight, fulfonyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide over 98 percent concentration, t-buty1 hydroperoxide 90 percent, t-buty1 peroxyacetate 75 percent, t-buty1 peroxyisopropylcarbonate 92 percent, diisopopyl peroxydicarbonate 100 percent, di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate 98 percent, and di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate 85 percent.
Class II: acetyl peroxide 25 percent, t-butyl hydroperoxide 70 percent (with DTBP and t-BuOH diluents), t-butyl peroxybenzoate 98 percent, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate 97 percent, t-butyl peroxyisobutyrate 75 percent, t-butyl peroxyisopropyl-carbonate 75 percent, t-butyl peroxyisopropyl-carbonate 75 percent, dybenzoyl peroxydicarbonate 85 percent, di-sec-butyl peroxydicarbonate 98 percent, di-sec-butyl peroxydicarbonate 75 percent, 1, 1-di-(t-butylperoxy)-3,5,5-trimethyecyclohexane 95 percent, di-(2-ethythexyl) peroxydicarbonate 97 percent, 2,5-dymethyl-2-5 di (benzoylperoxy) hexane 92 percent, and peroxyacetic acid 43 percent.
Class III: acetyl cyclohexane sulfonal peroxide 29 percent, benzoyl peroxide 78 percent, benzoyl peroxide paste 55 percent, benzoyl peroxide paste 50 percent peroxide⁄50 percent butylbenzylphthalate diluent, cument hydroperoxide 86 percent, di-(4-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate 98 percent, t-butyl peroxy-2-etylhexanoate 97 percent, t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate 75 percent, decanoyl peroxide 98.5 percent, di-t-butyl peroxide 99 percent, 1,1-dit-(t-butylperoxy) 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane 75 percent, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide 50 percent, diisoprophyl peroxydicarbonate 30 percent, 2,-5,-dimethyl-2,5-di- (2-ehthylhexanolyperoxy)-hexane 90 percent, 2,5-dimethyl-2,-5-dit-(t-butylperoxy) hexane 90 percent and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 9 percent active oxygen diluted in dimethyl phthalate.
607Class IV: benzoyl peroxide 70 percent, benzoyl peroxide paste 50 percent peroxide⁄15 percent water⁄35 percent butylphthalate diluent, benzoyl peroxide slurry 40 percent, benzoyl peroxide powder 35 percent, t-butyl hydroperoxide 70 percent, (with water diluent), t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate 50 percent, decumyl peroxide 98 percent, di-(2-ethylhexal) peroxydicarbonate 40 percent, laurel peroxide 98 percent, p-methane hydroperoxide 52.5 percent, methylethyl ketone peroxide 5.5 percent active oxygen and
methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 9 percent active oxygen diluted in water and glycols.
Class V: benzoyl peroxide 35 percent, 1,1-di-t-butyl peroxy 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane 40 percent, 2,5-di-(t-butyl peroxy) hexane 47 percent and 2,4-pentanedione peroxide 4 percent active oxygen.
E102.1.9 Pyrophoric materials. Examples include:
E102.1.10 Unstable (reactive) materials. Examples include:
Class 4: acetyl peroxide, dibutyl peroxide, dinitrobenzene, ethyl nitrate, peroxyacetic acid and picric acid (dry) trinitrobenzene.
Class 3: hydrogen peroxide (greater than 52 percent), hydroxylamine, nitromethane, paranitroaniline, perchloric acid and tetrafluoroethylene monomer.
Class 2: acrolein, acrylic acid, hydrazine, methacrylic acid, sodium perchlorate, styrene and vinyl acetate.
Class 1: acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide 35 percent to 52 percent, paraldehyde and tetrahydrofuran.
E102.1.11 Water-reactive materials. Examples include:
Class 3: aluminum alkyls such as triethyluminum, isobutylaluminum and trimethylaluminum; bromine pentafluoride, bromine trifluoride, chlorodiethylaluminium and diethylzinc.
Class 2: calcium carbide, calcium metal, cyanogen bromide, lithium hydride, methyldichlorosilane, potassium metal, potassium peroxide, sodium metal, sodium peroxide, sulfuric acid and trichlorosilane.
Class 1: acetic anhydride, sodium hydroxide, sulfur, monochloride and titanium tetrachloride.
E102.1.12 Cryogenic fluids. The cryogenics listed will exit as compressed gases when they are stored at ambient temperatures.
E102.2 Health hazards. Materials classified in this section pose a health hazard.
E102.2.1 Highly toxic materials. Examples include:
E102.2.2 Toxic materials. Examples include:
E102.2.3 Corrosives. Examples include:
Note: Corrosives that are oxidizers, e.g., nitric acid, chlorine, fluorine; or are compressed gases, e.g., ammonia, chlorine, fluorine; or are water-reactive, e.g., concentrated sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, are physical hazards in addition to being health hazards.
E103.1 Degree of hazard. The degree of hazard present depends on many variables which should be considered individually and in combination. Some of these variables are as shown in Sections E103.1.1 through E103.1.5.
E103.1.1 Chemical properties of the material. Chemical properties of the material determine self reactions and reactions which may occur with other materials. Generally, materials within subdivisions of hazard categories will exhibit similar chemical properties. However, materials with similar chemical properties may pose very different hazards. Each individual material should be researched to determine its hazardous properties and then considered in relation to other materials that it might contact and the surrounding environment.
E103.1.2 Physical properties of the material. Physical properties, such as whether a material is a solid, liquid or gas at ordinary temperatures and pressures, considered along with chemical properties will determine requirements for containment of the material. Specific gravity (weight of a liquid compared to water) and vapor density (weight of a gas compared to air) are both physical properties which are important in evaluating the hazards of a material.
E103.1.3 Amount and concentration of the material. The amount of the material present and its concentration must be considered along with physical and chemical properties to determine the magnitude of the hazard. Hydrogen peroxide, for example, is used as an antiseptic and a hair bleach in low concentrations (approximately 8 percent in water solution). Over 8 percent, hydrogen peroxide is classed as an oxidizer and is toxic. Above 90 percent, it is a Class 4 oxidizer “that can undergo an explosive reaction when catalyzed or exposed to heat, shock or friction,” a definition which incidentally also places hydrogen peroxide over 90-percent concentration in the unstable (reactive) category. Small amounts at high concentrations may present a greater hazard than large amounts at low concentrations.
E103.1.3.1 Mixtures. Gases—toxic and highly toxic gases include those gases than have an LC50 of 2,000 parts per million (ppm) or less when rats are exposed for a period of 1 hour or less. To maintain consistency with the definitions for these materials, exposure data for periods other than 1 hour must be normalized to 1 hour. To classify mixtures of compressed gases That contain one or more toxic or highly toxic components, the LC50 of the mixture must be determined. Mixtures that contain only two components are binary mixtures. Those that contain more than two components are multicomponent mixtures. When two or more hazardous substances (components) having an LC50 below 2,000 ppm are present in a mixture, their combined effect, rather than that of the individual substance components, must be considered. In the absence of information to the contrary, the effects of the hazards present must be considered as additive. Exceptions to the above rule may be made when there is a good reason to believe that the principal effects of the different harmful substances (components) are not additive.
For binary mixtures where the hazardous component is diluted with a nontoxic gas such as an inert gas, the LC50 of the mixture is estimated by use of the methodology contained in CGA P-20. The hazard zones specified in CGA P-20 are applicable for DOTn purposes and shall not be used for hazard classification.
E103.1.4 Actual use, activity or process involving the material. The definition of handling, storage and use in closed systems refers to materials in packages or containers. Dispensing and use in open containers or systems describes situations where a material is exposed to ambient conditions or vapors are liberated to the atmosphere. Dispensing and use in open systems, then, are generally more hazardous situations that handling, storage or use in closed systems. The actual use or process may include heating, electric or other sparks, catalytic or reactive materials and many other factors which could affect the hazard and must therefore be throughly analyzed.
E103.1.5 Surrounding conditions. Conditions such as other materials or processes in the area, type of construction of the structure, fire protection features (e.g., fire walls, sprinkler systems, alarms, etc.), occupancy (use) of adjoining areas, normal temperatures, exposure to weather, etc., must be taken into account in evaluating the hazard.
E103.2 Evaluation questions. The following are sample evaluation questions:
Evaluation of the hazard is a strongly subjective process; therefore, the person charged with this responsibility must gather as much relevant data as possible so that the decision will be objective and within the limits prescribed in laws, policies and standards.
It may be necessary to cause the responsible persons in charge to have tests made by qualified persons or testing laboratories to support contentions that a particular material or process is or is not hazardous. See Section 104.7.2 of the International Fire Code.
CGA P-20 (2003) | Standard for Classification of Toxic Mixtures | E103.1.3.1 |
CGA P-23 (2003) | Standard for Categorizing Gas Mixtures Containing Flammable and Nonflammable Components | E102.1.2 |
ICC IFC-09 | International Fire Code | E101.1, E102.1.1, E102.1.8.1, E103.2 |
CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE-MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
APPENDIX F– HAZARD RANKING
(Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal)
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.
F101.1 Scope. Assignment of levels of hazards to be applied to specific hazard classes as required by NFPA 704 shall be in accordance with this appendix. The appendix is based on application of the degrees of hazard as defined in NFPA 704 arranged by hazard class as for specific categories defined in Chapter 2 of the International Fire Code and used throughout.
F101.2 General. The hazard rankings shown in Table F101.2 have been established by using guidelines found within NFPA 704. As noted in Section 4.2 of NFPA 704, there could be specific reasons to alter the degree of hazard assigned to a specific material; for example, ignition temperature, flammable range or susceptibility of a container to rupture by an internal combustion explosion or to metal failure while under pressure or because of heat from external fire. As a result, the degree of hazard assigned for the same material can vary when assessed by different people of equal competence.
The hazard rankings assigned to each class represent reasonable minimum hazard levels for a given class based on the use of criteria established by NFPA 704. Specific cases of use or storage may dictate the use of higher degrees of hazard in certain cases.
ICC | IFC-09 | International Fire Code | F101.1 |
NFPA | 704-07 | Identification of the Hazard of Materials for Emergency Response | F101.1, F101.2 |
HAZARD CATEGORY | DESIGNATION |
---|---|
F—Flammable category. | COR—Corrosive. |
R—Reactive category. | UD—Unclassified detonable material. |
H—Health category. | 4D—Class 4 detonable material. |
W—Special hazard: water reactive. | 3D—Class 3 detonable material. |
OX—Special hazard; oxidizing properties. | 3N—Class 2 nondetonable material. |
Combustible liquid II | F2 |
Combustible liquid IIIA | F2 |
Combustible liquid IIIB | F1 |
Combustible dust | F4 |
Combustible fiber | F3 |
Cryogenic flammable | F4, H3 |
Cryogenic oxidizing | OX, H3 |
Explosive | R4 |
Flammable solid | F2 |
Flammable gas (gaseous) | F4 |
Flammable gas (liquefied) | F4 |
Flammable liquid IA | F4 |
Flammable liquid IB | F3 |
Flammable liquid IC | F3 |
Organic peroxide, UD | R4 |
Organic peroxide I | F4, R3 |
Organic peroxide II | F3, R3 |
Organic peroxide III | F2, R2 |
Organic peroxide IV | F1, R1 |
Organic peroxide V | None |
Oxidizing gas (gaseous) | OX |
Oxidizing gas (liquefied) | OX |
Oxidizer 4 | OX 4 |
Oxidizer 3 | OX 3 |
Oxidizer 2 | OX 2 |
Oxidizer 1 | OX 1 |
Pyrophoric gases | F4 |
Pyrophoric solids, liquids | F3 |
Unstable reactive 4D | R4 |
Unstable reactive 3D | R4 |
Unstable reactive 3N | R3 |
Unstable reactive 2 | R2 |
Unstable reactive 1 | None |
Water reactive 3 | W3 |
Water reactive 2 | W2 |
Corrosive | H3, COR |
Toxic | H3 |
Highly toxic | H4 |
CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE-MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
APPENDIX G–CRYOGENIC FLUIDS–WEIGHT AND VOLUME EQUIVALENTS (Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal)
This appendix is for information purposes and is not intended for adoption.
G101.1 Scope. This appendix is used to convert from liquid to gas for cryogenic fluids.
G101.2 Conversion. Table G101.2 shall be used to determine the equivalent amounts of cryogenic fluids in either the liquid or gas phase.
G101.2.1 Use of the table. To use Table G101.2, read horizontally across the line of interest. For example, to determine the number of cubic feet of gas contained in 1.0 gallon (3.785 L) of liquid argon, find 1,000 in the column entitled “Volume of Liquid at Normal Boiling Point.” Reading across the line under the column entitled “Volume of Gas at 70°F and 1 atmosphere 14.7 psia,” the value of 112.45 cubic feet (3.184 m3) is found.
G101.2.2 Other quantities. If other quantities are of interest, the numbers obtained can be multiplied or divided to obtain the quantity of interest. For example, to determine the number of cubic feet of argon gas contained in a volume of 1,000 gallons (3785 L) of liquid argon at its normal boiling point multiply 112.45 by 1,000 to obtain 112,450 cubic feet (3184 m3).
CRYOGENIC FLUID | WEIGHT OF LIQUID OR GAS | VOLUME OF LIQUID AT NORMAL BOILING POINT | VOLUME OF GAS AT NTP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pounds | Kilograms | Liters | Gallons | Cubic feet | Cubic meters | |
For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon =3.785 L, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3,°C=[(°F)-32]/1.8, 1 pound per square inch atmosphere = 6.895 kPa. | ||||||
a. The values listed for liquefied natural gas (LNG) are “typical” values. LNG is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases, and no two LNG streams have exactly the same composition. | ||||||
Argon | 1.000 | 0.454 | 0.326 | 0.086 | 9.67 | 0.274 |
2.205 | 1.000 | 0.718 | 0.190 | 21.32 | 0.604 | |
3.072 | 1.393 | 1.000 | 0.264 | 29.71 | 0.841 | |
11.628 | 5.274 | 3.785 | 1.000 | 112.45 | 3.184 | |
10.340 | 4.690 | 3.366 | 0.889 | 100.00 | 2.832 | |
3.652 | 1.656 | 1.189 | 0.314 | 35.31 | 1.000 | |
Helium | 1.000 | 0.454 | 3.631 | 0.959 | 96.72 | 2.739 |
2.205 | 1.000 | 8.006 | 2.115 | 213.23 | 6.038 | |
0.275 | 0.125 | 1.000 | 0.264 | 26.63 | 0.754 | |
1.042 | 0.473 | 3.785 | 1.000 | 100.82 | 2.855 | |
1.034 | 0.469 | 3.754 | 0.992 | 100.00 | 2.832 | |
0.365 | 0.166 | 1.326 | 0.350 | 35.31 | 1.000 | |
Hydrogen | 1.000 | 0.454 | 6.409 | 1.693 | 191.96 | 5.436 |
2.205 | 1.000 | 14.130 | 3.733 | 423.20 | 11.984 | |
0.156 | 0.071 | 1.000 | 0.264 | 29.95 | 0.848 | |
0.591 | 0.268 | 3.785 | 1.000 | 113.37 | 3.210 | |
0.521 | 0.236 | 3.339 | 0.882 | 100.00 | 2.832 | |
0.184 | 0.083 | 1.179 | 0.311 | 35.31 | 1.000 | |
Oxygen | 1.000 | 0.454 | 0.397 | 0.105 | 12.00 | 0.342 |
2.205 | 1.000 | 0.876 | 0.231 | 26.62 | 0.754 | |
2.517 | 1.142 | 1.000 | 0.264 | 30.39 | 0.861 | |
9.527 | 4.321 | 3.785 | 1.000 | 115.05 | 3.250 | |
8.281 | 3.756 | 3.290 | 0.869 | 100.00 | 2.832 | |
2.924 | 1.327 | 1.162 | 0.307 | 35.31 | 1.000 | |
Nitrogen | 1.000 | 0.454 | 0.561 | 0.148 | 13.80 | 0.391 |
2.205 | 1.000 | 1.237 | 0.327 | 30.43 | 0.862 | |
1.782 | 0.808 | 1.000 | 0.264 | 24.60 | 0.697 | |
6.746 | 3.060 | 3.785 | 1.000 | 93.11 | 2.637 | |
7.245 | 3.286 | 4.065 | 1.074 | 100.00 | 2.832 | |
2.558 | 1.160 | 1.436 | 0.379 | 35.31 | 1.000 | |
LNGa | 1.000 | 0.454 | 1.052 | 0.278 | 22.968 | 0.650 |
2.205 | 1.000 | 2.320 | 0.613 | 50.646 | 1.434 | |
0.951 | 0.431 | 1.000 | 0.264 | 21.812 | 0.618 | |
3.600 | 1.633 | 3.785 | 1.000 | 82.62 | 2.340 | |
4.356 | 1.976 | 4.580 | 1.210 | 100.00 | 2.832 | |
11.501 | 5.217 | 1.616 | 0.427 | 35.31 | 1.000 |
Adopting agency | BSC | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | CSA | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
Adopting entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) |
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Adopt only those sections that are listed below |
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Chapter/Section |
H1.1 Scope. Hazardous Materials Inventory Statements (HMIS) and Hazardous Materials Management Plans (HMMP) which are required by the chief pursuant to Chapter 27 shall be provided for hazardous materials in accordance with Appendix H.
Exceptions:
- Materials which have been satisfactorily demonstrated not to present a potential danger to public health, safety or welfare, based upon the quantity or condition of storage, when approved.
- Chromium, copper, lead, nickel and silver need not be considered hazardous materials for the purposes of Appendix H unless they are stored in a friable, powered or finely divided state.
Proprietary and trade secret information shall be protected under the laws of the state or jurisdiction having authority.
H2.1 When required. A separate HMIS shall be provided for each building, including its appurtenant structures, and each exterior facility in which hazardous materials are stored.
The hazardous materials inventory statement shall list by hazard class all hazardous materials stored. The hazardous materials inventory statement shall include the following information for each hazardous material listed:
H2.2 Changes to HMIS. An amended HMIS shall be provided within 30 days of the storage of any hazardous materials which changes or adds a hazard class or which is sufficient in quantity to cause an increase in the quantity which exceeds 5 percent for any hazard class.
H3.1 General. Applications for a permit to store hazardous materials shall include an HMMP standard form or short form in accordance with Section H3.3 and shall provide a narrative description of the operations and processes taking place at the facility. See Figure H3.
H3.2 Information required. The HMMP standard form shall include the information detailed in Section H3.2
H3.2.1 General information. General information, including business name and address, emergency contacts, business activity, business owner or operator, SIC code, number of employees and hours. Dunn and Bradstreet number, and signature of owner, operator or designated representative.
H3.2.2 General site plan. A general site plan drawn at a legible scale which shall include, but not be limited to, the location of buildings, exterior storage facilities, permanent access ways, evacuation routes, parking lots, internal roads, chemical loading areas, equipment cleaning areas, storm and sanitary sewer accesses, emergency equipment and adjacent property uses. The exterior storage areas shall be identified with the hazard class and the maximum quantities per hazard class of hazardous materials stored. When required by the chief, information regarding the location of wells, flood plains, earthquake faults, surface water bodies and general land uses within 1 mile (1,609 km) of the facility boundaries shall be included.
H3.2.3 Building floor plan. A building floor plan drawn to a legible scale which shall include, but not be limited to, hazardous materials storage areas within the building and shall include rooms, doorways, corridors, means of egress and evacuation routes. Each hazardous materials storage facility shall be identified by a map key which lists the individual hazardous materials, their hazard class and quantity present for each area.
H3.2.4 Hazardous materials handling. Information showing that activities involving the handling of hazardous materials between the storage areas and manufacturing processes on site are conducted in a manner to prevent the accidental release of such materials.
H3.2.5 Chemical capability and separation. Information showing procedures, controls, signs or other methods used to ensure separation and protection of stored materials from factors which could cause accidental ignition or reaction of ignitable, reactive or incompatible materials in each area.
H3.2.6 Monitoring program. Information including, but not limited to, the location, type, manufacturer' specifications,
619if applicable, and suitability of monitoring methods for each storage facility when required.
H3.2.7 Inspection and recording keeping. Schedules and procedures for inspecting safety and monitoring and emergency equipment. The permittee shall develop and follow a written inspection procedure acceptable to the chief for inspecting the facility for events or practices which could lead to unauthorized discharges of hazardous materials. Inspections shall be conducted at a frequency appropriate to detect problems prior to a discharge. An inspection check sheet shall be developed to be used in conjunction with routine inspections. The check sheet shall provide for the date, time and location of inspection; note problems and dates and times of corrective actions taken; and include the name of the inspector and the countersignature of the designated safety manager for the facility.
H3.2.8 Employee training. A training program appropriate to the types of quantities of materials stored or used shall be conducted to prepare employees to safety handle hazardous materials on a daily basis and during emergencies.
The training program shall include:
H3.2.9 Emergency response. A description of facility emergency procedures is to be provided.
H3.3 HMMP Short Form—(Minimal Storage Site). A facility shall qualify as a minimal storage site if the quantity of each hazardous material stored in one or more facilities in an aggregate quantity for the facility is 500 pounds (227 kg) or less for solids, 55 gallons (208.2 L) or less for liquids, or 200 cubic feet (5.7 m3 or less at NTP for compressed gases and does not exceed the threshold planning quantity as listed in 40 C.F.R., Part 355, Sections 302 and 304. The applicant for a permit for a facility which qualifies as a minimal storage site is allowed to file the short form HMMP. Such plan shall include the following components:
H4.1 Hazardous materials inventory statements and hazardous materials management plans shall be maintained by the permittee for a period of not less than three years after submittal of updated or revised versions. Such records shall be made available to the chief upon request.
CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE-MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
APPENDIX I - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS-NONCOMPLIANT CONDITIONS (Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal)
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.
I101.1 General. This appendix is intended to identify conditions that can occur when fire protection systems are not properly maintained or components have been damaged. This appendix is not intended to provide comprehensive inspection, testing and maintenance requirements, which are found in NFPA 10, 25 and 72. Rather, its intent is to identify problems that are readily observable during fire inspections.
I101.2 Noncompliant conditions requiring component replacement. The following conditions shall be deemed noncompliant and shall cause the related component(s) to be replaced to comply with the provisions of this code:
I101.3 Noncompliant conditions requiring component repair or replacement. The following shall be deemed noncompliant conditions and shall cause the related component(s) to be repaired or replaced to comply with the provisions of this code:
NFPA 10—07 | Portable Fire Extinguishers | I101.1 |
NFPA 25—08 | Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-based Fire Protection Systems |
I101.1 |
NFPA 72—07 | National Fire Alarm Code | I101.1 |
CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE-MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
APPENDIX J – EMERGENCY RESPONDER RADIO COVERAGE (Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal)
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.
J101.1 Scope. Systems, components and equipment required to provide emergency responder radio coverage shall be in accordance with this appendix.
J101.2 Permit. A construction permit is required for installation of or modification to emergency responder radio coverage systems and related equipment. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered a modification and does not require a permit.
J102.1 Definitions. For the purpose of this appendix, certain terms are defined as follows:
AGENCY. Any emergency responder department within the jurisdiction that utilizes radio frequencies for communication. This could include, but not be limited to, various public safety agencies such as fire department, emergency medical services and law enforcement.
J103.1 System design. The emergency responder radio coverage system shall be designed in accordance with Sections J103.1.1 through J103.1.5.
J103.1.1 Amplification systems allowed. Buildings and structures that cannot support the required level of radio coverage shall be equipped with a radiating cable system, a distributed antenna system with Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-certified signal boosters or other system approved by the fire code official in order to achieve the required adequate radio coverage.
J103.1.2 Technical criteria. The fire code official shall maintain a document providing the specific technical information and requirements for the emergency responder radio coverage system. This document shall contain, but not be limited to, the various frequencies required, the location of radio sites, the effective radiated power of radio sites and other supporting technical information.
J103.1.3 Secondary power. The emergency responder radio coverage system shall be equipped with a secondary source of power. The secondary source of power shall be either a battery system or an emergency generator. The secondary power supply shall supply power automatically when the primary power source is lost. The secondary source of power shall be capable of operating the emergency responder radio coverage system for a period of at least 12 hours.
J103.1.3.1 Battery systems. The active components of the installed system or systems shall be capable of operating on an independent battery system for a period of at least 12 hours without external power input. The battery system shall automatically charge in the presence of external power input.
J103.1.4 Signal booster requirements. If used, signal boosters shall meet the following requirements:
J103.1.5 Additional frequencies and change of frequencies. The emergency responder radio coverage system shall be capable of modification or expansion in the event frequency changes are required by the FCC or additional frequencies are made available by the FCC.
J103.2 Installation requirements. The installation of the public safety radio coverage system shall be in accordance with Sections J103.2.1 through J103.2.5.
J103.2.1 Approval prior to installation. No amplification system capable of operating on frequencies licensed to any public safety agency by the FCC shall be installed without prior coordination and approval of the fire code official.
J103.2.2 Permit required. A construction permit, as required by Section 105.7.5 of the International Fire Code, shall be obtained prior to the installation of the emergency responder radio coverage system.
J103.2.3 Minimum qualifications of personnel. The minimum qualifications of the system designer and lead installation personnel shall include:
The agency may waive these requirements upon successful demonstration of adequate skills and experience satisfactory to the fire code official.
J103.2.4 Acceptance test procedure. When an emergency responder radio coverage system is required, and upon completion of installation, the building owner shall have the radio system tested to ensure that two-way coverage on each floor of the building is a minimum of 90 percent. The test procedure shall be conducted as follows:
J103.2.5 FCC compliance. The emergency responder radio coverage system installation and components shall also comply with all applicable federal regulations, including but not limited to, FCC 47 CFR 90.219.
J103.3 Maintenance. The emergency responder radio coverage system shall be maintained in accordance with Sections J103.3.1 through J103.3.5.
J103.3.1 Maintenance. The public radio coverage system shall be maintained operational at all times.
J103.3.2 Permit required. A construction permit, as required by Section 105.7.5 of the International Fire Code, shall be obtained prior to the modification or alteration of the emergency responder radio coverage system.
J103.3.3 Testing and proof of compliance. The emergency responder radio coverage system shall be inspected and tested annually or whenever structural changes occur including additions or remodels that could materially change the original field performance tests. Testing shall consist of the following:
J103.3.4 Additional frequencies. The building owner shall modify or expand the emergency responder radio coverage system at his or her expense in the event frequency changes are required by the FCC or additional frequencies are made available by the FCC. Prior approval of a public safety radio coverage system on previous frequencies does not exempt this section.
J103.3.5 Field testing. Agency personnel shall have the right to enter onto the property at any reasonable time to conduct field testing to verify the required level of radio coverage.
FCC 47 CFR | Private Land Mobile Radio | J103.2.5 |
90.219—2007 | Services—use of Signal Boosters | |
ICC IFC—09 | International Fire Code | J103.2.2, J103.3.2, |
NFPA 72—07 | National Fire Alarm Code | J103.1.4 |
ABANDONED PREMISES (see VACANT PREMISES)
ABANDONMENT
Flammable and combustible liquid tanks 3404.2.13
ACCEPTANCE TESTING
Fire protection system installations 901.5, 904.4, 907.8
Fire pumps 913.5.1
Flammable and combustible liquid tanks 3404.2.12.1
Single-and multiple-station smoke alarms 907.8.1
Smoke control systems 909.18
ACCESS, FIRE DEPARTMENT
Aviation facilities 1103.4
Construction and demolition sites 1410.1
Doors for 504.2, 2305.4, 2306.6.1
Equipment to 509
High-piled storage buildings 2306.6
Tire storage 2506
ACCESS ROADS, FIRE APPARATUS 503
Aviation facilities 1103.4
Bridges 503.2.6
Building openings and roofs 504
Defined 502.1
High-piled storage 2306.6
Lumber yards 1903.6, 1909.3
Obstructions 503.4
Tents and membrane structures 2403.8.1
ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGREES 1007
Defined 1002.1
Standby power 604.2.5, 604.2.6
ACCESSIBLE ROUTE
Defined 202
ACETYLENE (see WELDING AND OTHER HOT WORK)
Gas 2605.4
Generators Table 911.1, 2605.5, 2608
ADDRESS NUMBER (see PREMISES IDENTIFICATION)
ADMINISTRATION
Alternative methods and materials 104.9, 501.4
Applicability 102
Approval 104.6.1, 401.2, 408.11.1.1, 603.1.2, 2207.2, 2208.2, 2401.2, 3406.4.7.1
Approved materials and equipment 104.7
Board of appeal 108.1
Emergencies 104.11
General 101
Inspections 104.6.2, 106
Maintenance 107
Permits 104.2, 105
Right of entry 104.3
Unsafe buildings 110
Violations 109
AEROSOL CONTAINER
Defined 2802.1
AEROSOL WAREHOUSE
Defined 2802.1
AEROSOLS Chapter 28
Classification levels 2803.1
Classification of products Table 2803.1
Defined 2802.1
Inside storage 2804
Manufacturing facilities 2807
Nonsegregated storage 2804.3.1, Table 2804.3.1
Outside storage 2805
Permit required 105.6.1
Retail display 2806
Segregated storage 2804.3.2, Table 2804.3.2
AGENT
Defined 202
AGRICULTURAL BUILDING (Occupancy Group U)
Defined 202
Occupant load Table 1004.1.1
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2903.4, 3701.1
AIR-INFLATED STRUCTURES (see TENTS AND OTHER MEMBRANE STRUCTURES)
AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURES (see TENTS AND OTHER MEMBRANE STRUCTURES)
Defined 2402.1
AIRCRAFT
Defueling 1106.5, 1106.18
Fueling 1106
Maintenance 1104
AIRCRAFT MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL DISPENSING FACILITY
Defined 2202.1
AIRCRAFT OPERATION AREA (AOA)
Defined 1102.1
AIRCRAFT-RELATED OCCUPANCIES, FIRE PROTECTION FOR 914.8
641AIRPORT
Defined 1102.1
AIRPORT TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERS 604.2.18, 907.2.13, 907.2.22, 914.8.1
AISLE ACCESSWAY 1017.3, 1017.4.1
Defined 1002.1
AISLE(S) 308.1.7.1, 1017
Assembly 1028
Cross 1028.14.1
Defined 1002.1
Fixed seating 1004.7
Hazardous materials 2703.11.3.9
High-piled combustible storage 2305.4, 2306.9
Obstruction of 1030.3, 1030.5
Tables and seating 1014.4.3
Tents 2403.12.5
Termination 1025.9.5
Travel distance 1025.7
Walking surface 1025.1
Width Table 1028.6.2, 1028.6.3, 1028.9.1, 1028.9.2, 2306.9.1, 3604.1.2, 4604.20
ALARM 903.4.2, 1505.9.3, 1803.13.2.1, 3704.2.2.10.1
Activations 401.3.2
Audible 907.6.2.1, Table 907.10.1.3
Coded signals 408.6.2
Signals 903.4.1, 1803.12.3
Testing 901.5, 901.6, 904.4.2
Visible 907.6.2.3
Warning signs 904.3.4
ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE
Defined 902.1
ALARM, NUISANCE
Defined 902.1
ALARM SIGNAL
Defined 902.1
ALARM, SMOKE
Defined 902.1
ALARM VERIFICATION FEATURE
Defined 902.1
ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB 2701.1, 3405.5
Defined 3402.1
ALCOHOL BLENDED FUELS
Defined 2202.1
Dispensing 2206.8
ALTERATION
Defined 202
ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE 1009.10
Defined 1002.1
ALTERNATIVE AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS 904
ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS AND METHODS 104.9
AMBULATORY HEALTHCARE FACILITY (Occupancy Group B)
Defined 202
AMMONIA
Diffusion systems 606.12.6
Refrigerant 606.12.3
AMMONIUM NITRATE 3301.1.5
Defined 3302.1
AMMUNITION, SMALL ARMS 3306
Defined 3302.1
Storage and handling 105.6.14, 3301.2.1, 3304
AMUSEMENT BUILDINGS (see SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUILDING)
AMUSEMENT PARK BUILDINGS (Assembly, Group A-5) 202
ANNUNCIATOR
Defined 902.1
APPEALS, BOARD OF 108
APPENDICES 101.2.1
APPLIANCES 605.7
Chimneys 603.6
Commercial kitchen hoods 609
Cooking 3405.3.3
Fuel-fired 603
Heat producing 2201.6
Heating 603.5, 605.10, 3405.3.3
Lighting 3405.3.3
Unsafe 603.7
APPLICABILITY (of the code) 102
APPROVED
Defined 202
ARC WELDING (see WELDING AND OTHER HOT WORD)
AREA, BUILDING
Defined 202
AREA OF REFUGE 1007.6
Defined 1002.1
ARRAY
Defined 2302.1
ARRAY, CLOSED
Defined 2302.1
ASH TRAYS 310.6
ASHES, HOT 305.2
ASPHALT (TAR) KETTLES 303, 1417.2
ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES (Group A)
Aisles 1028
Announcements 408.2.2
Automatic sprinklers 903.2
Candles 308
Cellulose nitrate film 105.6.5, 306
642Decorative materials 806, 807
Defined (Occupancy classification) 202
Doors 1008
Egress Chapter 10
Emergency evacuation drill 405
Emergency power 604.2.1
Employee training 406
Evacuation plans 404
Fire alarm systems 907.2.1
Fire safety plans 404
Furnishings 807.4.2
Interior finish 803
LP-gas installations Chapter 38
Motion picture projection rooms 306.1
Obstruction of exits 1030.3
Open-flame devices 308.3
Panic hardware 1008.1.10
Permits required 105.6.34, 105.6.35
Portable fire extinguishers 906
Posting maximum occupant load 1004.3
Prohibit smoking 310
Pyroxylin-coated fabric 805.4
Pyroxylin plastic motion picture film storage 306.1
Seating 1028
Seating plan 408.2.1
Standpipe systems 905
Storage, flammable liquids 3404.3.4.2
Tents Chapter 24
Vehicles in 2404.18.4
ATRIUM
Defined 202
ATRIUM FIRE PROTECTION 907.2.14, 914.4
ATTIC
Defined 202
ATTIC STORAGE 315.2.4
AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE
Defined 902.1
AUTOMATED RACK STORAGE
Defined 2302.1
Emergency shutdown 2309.4
AUTOMATIC
Defined 902.1
AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM (see FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS, ALTERNATIVE)
AUTOMATIC SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM
Defined 902.1
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM 1208.2, 1414, 1803.10, 1904.3, 2306.4, 2309.2, 4004.1.4
Aerosol warehouses 2804.4.1
Alarms 903.4.2, 1803.10.5
Basements 903.2.10.1.3
Defined 902.1
Dip tank operations 1505.4
Gas rooms 2703.8.4.1
Group A 903.2.1
Group B 903.2.2
Group E 903.2.3
Group F-1 903.2.4
Group H 903.2.5
Group I 903.2.6
Group M 903.2.7
Group R 903.2.8
Group S-1 903.2.9
Group S-2 903.2.10
High-piled storage 903.2.7.1
Hose threads 903.3.6
Installation requirements 903.3
Limited area 903.3.5.1.1
Monitoring 903.4
NFPA 13 sprinkler systems 903.3.1.1
NFPA 13D sprinkler systems 903.3.1.3
NFPA 13R sprinkler systems 903.3.1.2
Pyroxylin plastics 903.2.4.3, 903.6.1
Repair garages 903.2.9.1
Rubbish and linen chutes 903.2.11.2
Spray rooms 1504.4
Water supplies 903.3.5
Windowless stories 903.2.11.1
Woodworking operations 903.2.4.1
Zones 907.7.3
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS
Defined 2302.1
Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR) 2304.4.3, Table 2306.2, Table 2308.3
Obstructions to discharge 315.2.1, 903.3.3
Quick response (QR) and residential 903.3.2, Table 3404.3.6.3(5)
AUTOMOBILE UNDERCOATING (see SPRAY FINISHING)
AUTOMOTIVE MOTOR FUEL DISPENSING FACILITY Chapter 22
Defined 2202.1
AVERAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL 907.6.2.1.1
Defined 902.1
AVIATION FACILITIES Chapter 11
(see also AIRCRAFT-RELATED OCCUPANCIES, FIRE PROTECTION FOR)
Cleaning parts 1104.3
Combustible storage 1103.6
Dispensing hoses and nozzles 1106.3.3
643Dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids 1103.5
Fueling and defueling 1106.5
Radar equipment 1106.21
AWNING
Defined 202
BACKFLOW PREVENTION 903.3.5, 912.5
BALCONIES 308.3.1, 903.3.1.2.1, 1019
BALCONY, EXTERIOR
Defined 202
BARRICADE
Defined 3302.1
Fire apparatus access road 503.5, 503.5.1
Placement at fire scene 104.11.1
BARRICADED
Defined 3302.1
BASEMENT
Defined 202
BATTERY CHARGING (see POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS)
BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATIONARY LEAD-ACID
Defined 602.1
BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATIONARY STORAGE 608
Permit 105.6.5
Room design 608.4
Signs 608.7
Ventilation 608.6
BATTERY TYPES—Defined
Lithium-ion 602.1
Lithium metal polymer 602.1
Nickel cadmium 602.1
Nonrecombinant 602.1
Recombinant 602.1
Stationary storage 602.1
Valve-regulated lead acid 602.1
Vented (flooded) lead acid 602.1
BIN BOX
Defined 2302.1
BLAST AREA
Defined 3302.1
BLAST SITE
Defined 3302.1
BLASTER
Defined 3302.1
BLASTING AGENT (see also EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS)
Defined 3302.1
BLEACHERS
Defined 1002.1
BOARDING HOUSE (Occupancy Group R)
Defined 202
BOILING POINT
Defined 2702.1
BOND
For explosives 3301.2.4.1
For fireworks display 3301.2.4.2
BONDING AND GROUNDING 1204.2.4, 1206.3.4
Aircraft fueling 1106.3.7.1, 1106.5.2
CNG Motor fuel-dispensing facilities 2208.8.1.2.4
Cryogenic fluids 3203.7.2
Organic coating 2004.3
Piping, valves and fittings 3406.4.7.6
Powdered coating 1506.6.4
Roll-coating operations 1505.11
Underground tanks 3406.6.1.8
Vessels 3405.3.2
BONFIRES 307.4.1
Defined 302.1
Permit 105.6.30, 307.2
BREATHING APPARATUS 1703.3.2
BRIDGES (see ACCESS ROADS, FIRE APPARATUS)
BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU)
Defined 202
BUILDING
Defined 202
Unsafe 110
Vacant (see Vacant premises)
BUILDING OFFICIAL 510.1
Defined 202
BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS Chapter 6
BULK HYDROGEN COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM
Defined 3502.1
BULK LIQUIFIED HYDROGEN GAS SYSTEM
Defined 3502.1
BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM Chapter 40
Defined 4002.1
BULK PLANT OR TERMINAL 3406.4
Defined 3402.1
BULK TRANSFER 3406.5
Defined 3402.1
BULLET RESISTANT
Defined 3302.1
BURNING (see OPEN BURNING)
BUTANE (see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS)
BUTYLENE (see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS)
644CABINETS 905.7, 906.8, 1105.7.1, 3705.3.1
CABINETS, GAS 1803.3.5, 1803.10.2, 1803.13.1.3, 2703.8.6, 3006.2.3, 3704.1.2, 4106.2.2, 4106.4.1
CANDLES 105.6.32, 308, 806.3
CANOPY
Defined 202
CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
Commercial cooking systems 904.11
Defined 902.1
CARNIVALS 105.6.4, 2403.3
CARTON
Combustible 2806.5
Defined 202
CEILING LIMIT
Defined 2702.1
CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE FILM 306
CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS [see PYROXYLIN (CELLULOSE NITRATE) PLASTICS]
CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY 102.3
Defined 202
CHANGE OF USE 102.3
CHEMICAL
Defined 2702.1
CHEMICAL NAME
Defined 2702.1
CHILD CARE FACILITIES (Group I-2)
Defined 202
CHIMNEY 603.2, 603.6
Defined 202
Factory-built 603.6.4
Masonry 603.6.1
Metal 603.6.2
CHRISTMAS TREE (see DECORATIVE VEGETATION)
CHUTES, RUBBISH AND LINEN 903.2.10.2
CLASSIFICATION
Commodity 2303
Dry cleaning plants and systems 1203.2
Dry cleaning solvent or liquid 1202.1, 1203.1
Flammable and combustible liquids 3402.1
Hazardous materials 2701.2
Occupancy 202
Refrigerant 606.3
CLEAN AGENT
Defined 902.1
CLEANING
Flammable liquids 1104.3
Grease 609.3.3
Powder coating 1506.5.1
Repair garages 2211.2.1
Tanks 3406.7.2
Tire rebuilding buffing areas 2503.3
CLEARANCE
Storage to ceiling or sprinklers 315.2.1, 903.3.3, 3404.3.5.3
CLINIC, OUTPATIENT (Occupancy Group B)
Defined 202
CLOSED CONTAINER 3205.5.2
Defined 2702.1
CLOSED SYSTEM 3405.3.7.6
Defined 202
CNG MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES 2208
COLD DECK 1906.2
Defined 1902.1
COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS, GROUP R-2 404.2, Table 405.2, 408.3
COMBUSTIBLE DUST
Defined 1302.1
COMBUSTIBLE DUST-PRODUCING OPERATIONS Chapter 13
Permit 105.6.6
COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS Chapter 29
Defined 2902.1
General precautions 2903
Permit 105.6.7
Portable fire extinguishers 2903.6
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID 2206, 2404.17, Chapter 34
Classified locations 3403.1.2
Defined 3402.1
Dispensing, use, mixing and handling 3405.3, 3405.3.8
Heated 3401.5
Indoor storage 3404.3.3
Mixtures 3401.5
Outdoor storage 3404.4
Permit 105.6.16
Portable fire extinguisher 3406.2.7
Special operations 3406
Tank storage 3404.2
Waste control 3406.3.3
Wholesale and resale use 3404.3.6
COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE 315
COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATERIAL 304, 1605
Containers 304.3
Storage 304.2
COMMERCIAL COOKING APPLIANCES
Defined 602.1
645COMMERCIAL KITCHEN HOODS 609
COMMODITY
Classifications 2303
Defined 2302.1
COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL 1014.3, 1028.8, Table 4604.17.2
Defined 1002.1
COMPRESSED GAS Chapter 30
Containers, cylinders, tanks 3003.1
Defined 3002.1
Medical gas 3006
Requirements 3003
Storage 3004
Use and handling 3005
Wiring 3003.6
COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINER
Defined 3002.1
COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM
Defined 3002.1
Motor fuel-dispensing facilities 2208
COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) 3001.1
CONFLICTING PROVISIONS 102.9
CONGREGATE CARE FACILITY (Occupancy Group I)
Defined 202
CONGREGATE LIVING FACILITY (Occupancy Group R)
Defined 202
CONSTANTLY ATTENDED LOCATION 903.4.1, 907.2.1.1, 907.2.7.1, 907.2.12.1, 907.2.13, 907.2.18.2, 907.2.23, 907.4, 907.6, 907.11, 907.12, 913.4, 3404.2.8.11
Defined 902.1
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION FIRE SAFETY Chapter 14
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 105.4
Defined 202
CONTAINER
Defined 2702.1
CONTAINER AND PORTABLE TANK STORAGE 3404.3, Table 3404.3.6.3(4), 3404.4, Table 3404.4.2
CONTAINMENT PALLETS
Flammable and combustible liquids 3404.4.3
Hazardous materials 2704.2.3
CONTAINMENT SYSTEM
Defined 3702.1
CONTAINMENT VESSEL
Defined 3702.1
CONTINUOUS GAS DETECTION SYSTEM (see GAS DETECTION SYSTEM, CONTINUOUS)
CONTROL AREAS 2703.8.3
Defined 2702.1
COOKING
Appliances, commercial, defined 602.1
Commercial, fire extinguishing systems 904.11
Commercial, hoods 609
Commercial, portable fire extinguishers 904.11.5
Devices, open-flame 308.1.4
On balconies 308.1.4
CORRIDOR 1017
Defined 1002.1
CORROSION PROTECTION
Cryogenic fluids 3205.1.2.5
Foundations 3203.1.3.2
General 3403.6.5
Tanks and piping 3404.2.7.9, 3406.7.1
CORROSIVE
Defined 3102.1
CORROSIVE MATERIALS
Indoor storage 3104.1
Indoor use 3105.1
Outdoor storage 3104.2
Outdoor use 3105.2
Requirements 3103
COTTON, BALED Table 2703.1.1(1), 2905
Defined 2902.1
COTTON, DENSELY PACKED BALED
Defined 2902.1
COTTON, SEED 2903.4
Defined 2902.1
COURT
Defined 202
COVERED MALL BUILDING
Automatic sprinkler system 914.2.1
Defined 202
Emergency planning 408.11
Emergency voice/alarm communication system 907.2.20, 914.2.3
Permit 105.6.9
Standby power systems 604.2.14
Standpipe system 905.3.3, 914.2.2
CROP-RIPENING AND COLORING PROCESSES (see FRUIT AND CROP RIPENING)
CROWD MANAGERS 403.3, 2404.20.2
CRYOGENIC CONTAINER
Defined 3202.1
Handling 3205.5
Marking 3203.4
Security 3203.5
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS Chapter 32
Containers 3203.1
Defined 3202.1
646Filling 3205.4
Flammable 3506
Indoor storage 3204.2
Indoor use 3205.2
Outdoor storage 3204.3
Outdoor use 3205.3
Permit 105.6.10
Requirements 3203
Underground storage tanks 3204.4, 3204.5
CRYOGENIC VESSEL
Defined 3202.1
CYLINDER
Defined 2702.1
DAMPER
Defined 202
DANGER, IMMINENT 110.2
DAY BOX (Magazine, Type 3) 3302.1
Defined 2702.1
DECK
Defined 202
DECORATIONS 805
Exit obstruction 1030.5
DECORATIVE MATERIALS 807
Defined 202
DECORATIVE VEGETATION 806
DEFLAGRATION
Defined 2702.1
DELAYED EGRESS LOCKS 907.4.2, 1008.1.9.7
DELUGE SYSTEM
Defined 902.1
DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS FIRE SAFETY Chapter 14
DESIGN PRESSURE
Defined 2702.1
DETACHED BUILDING
Defined 2702.1
Group H occupancies 2703.8.2
Storage 3904.1.1, 4004.1.1, Table 4004.1.2
DETEARING
Defined 1502.1
DETECTOR, HEAT
Defined 902.1
DETONATING CORD
Defined 3302.1
DETONATION
Defined 3302.1
DETONATOR
Defined 3302.1
DETOXIFICATION FACILITY (Group I-2)
Defined 202
DIP TANK 1505
Defined 1502.1
DIPPING OPERATIONS 1505
DISCHARGE, EXIT (see EXIT DISCHARGE)
DISCHARGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL (see RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL)
DISCHARGE SITE
Defined 3302.1
DISPENSING
Defined 2702.1
Fire extinguishers 2205.5
Location 2203.1
Motor fuel-dispensing operations 2204
Requirements 2205, 2705
DISPENSING DEVICE, OVERHEAD-TYPE
Defined 2202.1
DISPLAY SITE
Defined 3302.1
DISPLAYS
Aerosol products 2806
Cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic 314.3, 4203.1
Fireworks 3308
Group M 2703.11, 3306.5
Indoor 314
Motor vehicles 314.4, 2404.18
Retail 2701.4, 2806, 3301.2.2, 3308.11
Storage 2703.11.3
DOOR, BALANCED
Defined 1002.1
DOORS, EXIT 1008
DORMITORIES (see OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION, Residential Group R and COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS, Group R-2)
DRAFT CURTAIN
Construction, design and installation 910.3, 2306.2
Defined 2302.1
DRAFTSTOP
Defined 702.1
Maintenance 703.1.1
DRAINAGE CONTROL 2003.10, 2005.3, 2704.2.2.6, 3405.3.8.1, 3406.2.6, 3406.4.9
DRAINS
Dip-tank bottom 1505.3.2
Exhaust duct sprinkler system 1803.10.4.4.3
HPM liquids 1805.2.2.2
Magazines 3304.6.1
647Outdoor cryogenic fluid storage containers 3204.3.1.3
Portable containers 3204.3.2.2
DRAPERIES 807.1, 1030.5
DRILLING, WELL 3406.3
DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT
Defined 902.1
DRY CLEANING Chapter 12
Classifications 1203.1
Defined 1202.1
Requirements, general 1204
Requirements, operating 1205
Solvent or liquid classifications 1202.1
Spotting and pretreating 1206
Systems 1207
DRY CLEANING PLANT
Defined 1202.1
DRY CLEANING ROOM
Defined 1202.1
DRY CLEANING SYSTEM
Defined 1202.1
DRYING APPARATUS 1504.6.1.2
DRYING OVENS (see INDUSTRIAL OVENS)
DRYING ROOMS 914.10
DUCT SMOKE DETECTORS 907.4.1
DUMPSTERS 304.3
DUST COLLECTION 2903.5, 3606.5.3
DUST EXPLOSION HAZARDS Chapter 13
Explosion venting 1903.2.1
DWELLING
Defined 202
DWELLING UNIT
Defined 202
EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE SPRINKLER (ESFR) (See AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS)
EGRESS (see MEANS OF EGRESS)
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 605
Aviation facilities 1106.14
Dust producing machines 3606.5.5
Signs 609.8
Workstations in HPM facilities 1803.7.2
ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS1507
ELECTROSTATIC FLUIDIZED BED
Defined 1502.1
ELEVATOR GROUP
Defined 902.1
Emergency voice/alarm communication system in 907.6.2.2
ELEVATOR RECALL 607
EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM 908,2704.9, 2705.4.4
Defined 902.1
EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION 1803.1
Defined 1802.1
EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING 1029
Defined 1002.1
EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRILL 405
Defined 402.1
Frequency 408.5.4
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS Chapter 4
EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEMS 604
EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING 2206.6.2.5,3404.2.7.4
EMERGENCY RESPONDER RADIO COVERAGE 510
EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALUE 2207.5.1,2703.2.2.1, 3203.4.6,3205.3.2, 3503.1.3, 4003.1.2, 4103.1.1
Defined 202
EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE, AUTOMATIC 2205.2.1, 2206.7.4
Defined 202
EMERGENCY VOICE/ALARM COMMUNICATION 907.6.2.2
Atriums 907.6.2.2
Covered mall buildings 907.2.20
Deep underground buildings 907.2.19
Defined 902.1
Group A 907.2.1.1
High-rise building 907.2.1.1
Special amusement buildings 907.2.12.3
EMPLOYEE TRAINING 406
ENTRY, RIGHT OF 104.3
EQUIPMENT, FUELED 312
EQUIPMENT PLATFORM
Defined 202
Guards required 1013.1
ESCAPE OPENING 1029
ESFR SPRINKLERS (see AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS)
ETHYLENE
Gas 1603
Generators 1603
EVACUATION 110.2
EVACUATION DRILLS 405
Frequency 405.2, Table 405.2
Notification 405.6
648Recall and reentry 405.9
EVACUATION PLANS 404
EXCESS FLOW CONTROL
Defined 2702.1
EXCESS FLOW VALVE
Defined 3702.1
EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE 2703.8.5
Defined 2702.1
EXISTING
Defined 4602.1
EXISTING BUILDINGS Chapter 46
EXIT 1020
Defined 1002.1
Enclosure 1022
Horizontal 1025
Number required 1021
Passageways 1023
EXIT ACCESS 1014
Defined 1002.1
EXIT AND EXIT ACCESS DOORS 1008, 1015
EXIT DISCHARGE 1027
Defined 1002.1
EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OF
Defined 1002.1
EXIT ENCLOSURE 1022
Defined 1002.1
EXIT, HORIZONTAL 1025
Defined 1002.1
EXIT PASSAGEWAY 1023
Defined 1002.1
EXPANDED PLASTIC
Defined 2302.1
EXPLOSION
Defined 2702.1
EXPLOSION CONTROL 911, 2005.4, 2704.6, 2705.2.1.2, 2705.2.2.3, 3404.2.5, 3404.1.1, 3904.1.1.10, 4004.1.3, 4304.1.2, 4404.1.6
EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL 1407, Chapter 33
Defined 3302.1
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS Chapter 33
Defined 3302.1
EXTENSION CORPS 605.5
EXTERIOR WALL
Defined 202
EXTINGUISHERS (see FIRE EXTINGUISHERS, PORTABLE)
EXTRA-HIGH-RACK COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE
Approval 2308.5
Defined 2302.1
Fire protection 2308.5.1
FABRICATION AREA 1805.2
Construction 1803.3.1
Defined 1802.1
Electrical wiring and equipment 1803.7.1
Existing 1801.4
Gas detection 1803.13.1.1
Storage 1804.2
FACILITY
Defined 202
FAIL-SAFE 2703.2.2.1, 3704.2.2.3
Defined 202
FAIRS 105.6.4
FALLOUT AREA
Defined 3302.1
FALSE ALARM
FILM, CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE 306
Projection rooms 306.1
Storage 306.2
FINES (in woodworking operations) (see also VIOLATION PENALTIES)
Defined (in woodworking operations) 1902.1
Storage and processing (in woodworking operations) 1908
FINISHED PRODUCTS 2009.6
FIRE ALARM
Defined 202
Permit 105.7.4
Reporting 401.3.2, 1409
FIRE ALARM BOX (see MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX)
FIRE ALARM CONTROL UNIT
Defined 902.1
FIRE ALARM SIGNAL
Defined 902.1
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
Annunciation 907.1.1
Defined 902.1
Existing buildings 4603.6
Maintenance 907.9
Monitoring 907.7.5
Notification appliances 907.6
Out of service 901.7
Power supply 907.7.2
Presignal feature 907.6.1
Telephone dialing devices 907.7.5.1
Testing 907.9
Where required, existing buildings 4603.6
Where required, new buildings 907.2
649Zones 907.7.3
FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD 503
Defined 502.1
Gates and barricades 503.5, 503.6
Obstructions 503.4
FIRE AREA
Defined 902.1
FIRE BARRIER
Defined 202
Maintenance 703.1.3
FIRE CHIEF
Authority at fires and other emergencies 104.11
Defined 202
FIRE CODE OFFICIAL
Defined 202
FIRE COMMAND CENTER 508
Defined 502.1
FIRE DAMPER
Defined 202
FIRE DEPARTMENT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 907.2.12.3
FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTIONS 903.3.7, 912
FIRE DEPARTMENT MASTER KEY
Defined 502.1
FIRE DEPARTMENT OPERATION 104.11, 401.4
FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC
Defined 902.1
FIRE DOOR
Defined 202
FIRE DOOR ASSEMBLY
Defined 202
FIRE DRILL (see EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRILL)
FIRE EQUIPMENT, TAMPERING WITH 901.8
FIRE ESCAPE STAIRS 4607.17
FIRE EXIT HARDWARE
Defined 1002.1
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS, PORTABLE 906
Asphalt kettles 303.5
Aviation facilities 1105
Buildings under construction or demolition 1415
Commercial cooking equipment 904.11.5
Dry cleaning plants 1208.4
Flammable finishes 1504.4.1, 1505.4.2, 1506.4.2
Lumber yards 1904.2, 1908.8
FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS ALTERNATIVE 904
Commercial cooking 904.11
Fire alarm system interconnection 907.14
Flammable and combustible liquids 3404.3.7.5.1, 3404.3.8.4
Flammable finishing 1504.4, 1505.4.1, 1506.4, 1507.4
Hazardous materials 2705.1.8
Permit 105.7.1
Required 904.2
FIRE FIGHTERS
Hazards to 316
Pitfalls 316.3
Safety 101.3
FIRE FLOW REQUIREMENTS 507.3
FIRE HYDRANT
Obstruction 507.5.4
Permit 105.6.15, 105.6.35, 105.7.10
Tampering 901.8
Testing 507.5.2, 901.5
FIRE INVESTIGATIONS 104.10
FIRE LANE
Defined 502.1
FIRE PARTITION
Defined 202
Maintenance 703.1.3
FIRE POINT
Defined 3402.1
FIRE PROTECTION RATING
Defined 202
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM Chapter 9
Defined 902.1
Nonrequired 901.4.2
Out of service 901.7
Owner's responsibility during construction or demolition 1408
Permit 105.7.1, 105.7.4, 105.7.5, 105.7.12
FIRE PUMPS 105.7.5, 913
FIRE RECORDS 104.6.3
FIRE, RECREATIONAL (see RECREATIONAL FIRE)
FIRE, REPORTING OF UNWANTED 401.3, 1409
FIRE RESISTANCE
Defined 202
FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION 703
FIRE RESISTANCE RATING
Defined 202
FIRE RESISTANT JOINT SYSTEM
Defined 702.1
FIRE RETARDANT COATINGS 803.4
FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION Chapter 14
FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS 907.11
Defined 902.1
FIRE SERVICE FEATURES Chapter 5
FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE
Defined 202
FIRE, UNWANTED (see UNWANTED FIRE)
650FIRE WALL
Defined 202
Maintenance 703.1.3
FIRE WATCH
Construction/demolition sites 1404.5
Defined 202
Fire protection impairments 901.7
Hot work 2604.2
Public Assemblages 403.1
FIREBLOCKING
Defined 202
Maintenance 703.1.3
FIREPLACES, PORTABLE OUTDOOR (see PORTABLE OUTDOOR FIREPLACES)
FIRE WORKS (see EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS)
Defined 3302.1
Prohibited 3301.1.3
Retail display and sale 3308.11
FIREWORKS DISPLAY
Damage from 3301.2.4.2
Defined 3302.1
FIXED BASE OPERATOR
Defined 902.1
FLAME RETARDANT (see also FIRE RETARDANT COATINGS)
Tents, air-supported, air-inflated and tensioned membrane structures 2404.2
FLAME SPREAD
Defined 802.1
FLAME SPREAD INDEX
Defined 802.1
FLAMING FOODS AND BEVERAGES 308.6
FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUID
Defined 3202.1
FLAMMABLE FINISHES 914.7, Chapter 15
Defined 1502.1
Dipping operations 1505
Electrostatic apparatus 1507
Floor surfacing 1510
Powder coating 1506
Protection of operations 1503
Spray finishing 1504
Ventilation 1504.7, 1505.7, 1506.7, 1507.7, 1509.6, 1510.5
FLAMMABLE GAS Chapter 35
Defined 3502.1
Requirements 3503
Storage 1406.1, 3504
Use 1406.1, 3505
FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS
Defined 3502.1
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS Chapter 34
Buildings under construction or demolition 1405
Classified location 3403.1.1
Defined 3402.1
Dispensing, use, mixing and handling 3405.3, 3405.3.8
In construction and demolition operations 1405
Indoor storage 3404.3.3
Labeling and signage 3403.5
Motor fuel 2206
Outdoor storage 3404.4
Portable fire extinguisher 3406.2.7
Special operations 3406
Tank storage 3404.2
Tent, air-supported, air-inflated and tensioned membrane structures 2404.17
Waste control 3406.3.3
Wholesale and resale use 3404.3.6
FLAMMABLE MATERIAL
Defined 202
FLAMMABLE SOLID Chapter 36
Defined 3602.1
Indoor storage 3604.1
Magnesium 3606
Outdoor storage 3606
Requirements 3603
Use 3605
FLAMMABLE VAPOR AREA
Alarms 1504.8.1.1
Defined 1502.1
Electrical equipment 1503.2.1
Ignition sources 1503.2
Ventilation 1504.7, 1505.7
Warning signs 1503.2.7
FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES
Defined 2702.1
FLASH POINT
Defined 3402.1
FLEET VEHICLE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY
Defined 2201.2
Tanks 2206.2.4.2
FLEXIBLE JOINTS 2206.7.9.1.4, 3403.6.9
FLOOR AREA, GROSS
Defined 1002.1
FLOOR AREA, NET
Defined 1002.1
FLOOR OPENINGS AND SHAFTS 704
FLUIDIZED BED
Defined 1502.1
FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS 904.7
Defined 902.1
FOAM PLASTICS 803.7, 804.2, 807.4.2.1, 808.2
651FOGGING, THERMAL INSECTICIDAL (see FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING)
FLODING AND TELESCOPIC SEATING
Defined 1002.1
FRUIT AND CROP RIPENING Chapter 16
Ethylene gas 1603
Heating 1604.5
Permit 105.6.18
Sources of ignition 1604
Warning signs 1607
FUEL-FIRED APPLIANCES 603
Chimneys 603.2, 603.6
Heating 603.5
Installation 603.1
FUEL LIMIT SWITCH
Defined 3402.1
FUEL OIL STORAGE 603.3
FUMIGANT
Defined 1702.1
FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING Chapter 17
Breathing apparatus 1703.3.2
Clean up 1703.6
Defined 1702.1
Fire safety requirements 1703
Notification 1703.3
Permit 105.6.19
Sealing of buildings 1703.5
Warning signs 1703.3.1
Watch personnel 1703.3.3
FURNACE CLASS A
Defined 2102.1
FURNACE CLASS B
Defined 2102.1
FURNACE CLASS C
Defined 2102.1
FURNACE CLASS D
Defined 2102.1
FURNISHINGS 808
FURNITURE, UPHOLSTERED 805
FUSIBLE LINKS 703.2, 904.5.2, 904.6.2, 904.11.6.3
GARAGE (see REPAIR GARAGE)
GARAGING 3811
LPG tank vehicles 3811.3
Tank vehicles for flammable and combustible liquids 3406.6.3
GAS CABINET 2703.8.6, 3003.7.10, 3006.2.3, 3704.1.2
Defined 2702.1
GAS CONTAINER PROTECTION 3003.5.2
GAS DETECTION SYSTEM, CONTINUOUS
Defined 1802.1
Emergency alarm system 908
HPM gases 1803.13
Ozone gas 3705.3.2
GAS METERS 603.9
GAS-OR LIQUID-FUELED VEHICLES 314.4, 2404.18
Permit 105.6.26
GAS ROOM 2703.8.4, 3704.2.2.6
Defined 2702.1
GATES, FIRE APPARATUS ROAD 503.5, 503.6
GATES, MEANS OF EGRESS 1008.2
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Chapter 3
GENERATORS
Acetylene 2608
Ethylene 1606
Portable 2608.2
Stationary 604.1.1
GLASS-FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTICS
Manufacturing 1509
Storage 1509.4
Ventilation 1509.6
GRADE FLOOR OPENING
Defined 202
GRADE PLANE
Defined 202
GRANDSTAND
Defined 1002.1
GUARD 1010.10, 1013, 1028.14
Defined 1002.1
GYPSUM BOARD
Defined 202
HABITABLE SPACE
Defined 202
HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
Defined 902.1
HAND RUB, ALCOHOL-BASED (see ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB)
HANDLING
Defined 2702.1
HANDRAIL 1012
Defined 1002.1
HANGARS, AIRCRAFT (see AIRCRAFT-RELATED OCCUPANCIES, FIRE PROTECTION FOR)
HANGERS, FIRE EXTINGUISHER 906.7
652HARDENING TANKS 1505.9
HARDWARE, EXIT DOOR 1008.1.8
HARDWARE, PANIC 1008.1.9
HAY 2903.4
Combustible waste 304.1.1
Storage 2404.5,2903.4
HAZARD COMMUNICATION 407
Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement 407.5
Hazardous Materials Management Plan 407.6
Training 407.4
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Defined 2702.1
Fire-extinguishing systems 2704.5,2705.1.8
General Chapter 27
Identification signs 2703.5
Outdoor control areas 2703.12
Permit 105.6.20
Personnel training 407.4
Power Systems 604.2.10
Requirements 2703
Storage 2704
Use, dispensing and handling 2705
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENT 407.5,2701.5.2
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLAN 407.6,2701.5.1
HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM)
Defined 1802.1
HAZARDS TO FIRE FIGHTERS 316
HEALTH HAZARD
Defined 2702.1
HEAT VENTS (see SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS)
HEATERS, PATIO (see PORTABLE OUTDOOR GAS-FIRED HEATING APPLIANCE)
HEATERS, PORTABLE ELECTRIC SPACE 605.10
HEATERS, PORTABLE UNVENTED 603.4
HEATING EQUIPMENT, TEMPORARY, DURING CONSTRUCTION
HEIGHT, BUILDING
Defined 202
HELIPORT 1107
Defined 1102.1
Permit for rooftop heliport 105.6.40
HELISTOP 1107
Defined 1102.1
HI-BOY
Construction 303.7
Defined 302.7
HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE Chapter 23
Aisles 2306.9
Automated Storage 2309
Automatic sprinklers 2306.4, 2309.2
Classifications, commodities 2303
Defined 2302.1
Fire protection 2306, Table 2306.2
Housekeeping 2305
HIGH-PILED STORAGE AREA
Defined 2302.1
Designations 2304
Permit 105.6.22
HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
Automatic sprinkle system 903.2.10.3, 914.3.1
Automatic spinkler system floor control valves required 903.4.3
Automatic sprinkler system secondary water supply required 903.3.5.2
Emergency evacuation drills 405
Emergency voice/alarm communication system 907.2.13, 914.3.3
Fire command center 509.1, 914.3.5
Fire department communication system 907.2.13.2, 914.3.4
Fire safety and evacuation plans 404
Smoke proof exit stairway enclosures 102.1.7
Standby power system 604.2.15
Standpipe system 905.3.1
HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINE
Defined 302.1
Storage under 315.4,316.5.2
HIGHLY TOXIC Chapter 37
Compressed gases 3704
Defined 3702.1
Indoor storage and use 3703.1
Outdoor storage and use 3703.2.5
Solids and liquids 3703
HIGHWAY
Defined 3302.1
HISTORIC BUILDING 102.6
Defined 202
HOGGED MATERIALS 1907,1908
Defined 1902.1
HOOD 609
Defined 602.1
HORIZONTAL ASSEMBLY
Defined 202
HOSE 2207.5.2, 2210.3.3
Aircraft fueling 1106
Conductive 1106.5.2.1
Connections for standpipes 905.3.4.1, 905.4, 905.5, 905.6
Dispensing 1106.3.3, 2206.7.5
Protection 1106.7, 3406.6.1.11
653System 904.8.4, 904.9.3, 904.10.3
Threads 903.3.6
HOSPITAL AND MENTAL HOSPITAL (Group 1-2)
Defined 202
HOT WORK (See WELDING AND OTHER HOT WORK)
Defined 2602.1
Permit 105.6.23
HOT WORK AREA
Defined 2602.1
HOT WORK EQUIPMENT
Defined 2602.1
HOT WORK PERMITS
Defined 2602.1
HOT WORK PROGRAM
Defined 2602.1
HPM FACILITY (see SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY)
HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUID
Defined 1802.1
HPM ROOM
Defined 1802.1
HYDRANTS (see FIRE HYDRANT)
HYDROGEN 3201.1, 3501.1
HYDROGEN MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES
IGNITION SOURCES 305
IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH (IDLH)
Defined 2702.1
IMPACT PROTECTION, VEHICLE 312
IMPAIRMENT COORDINATOR 901.7.1
Defined 902.1
INCINERATORS 603.8
Room egress 1015.3
INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS 2703.9.8, 2703.10.3.6, 2703.11.3.7, 2704.2.2.2, 2704.4, 2705.1.1, 3003.7.1, 3404.2.6, 3404.3.3.2
Defined 2702.1
INDUSTRIAL OVENS Chapter 21
Fire Protection 2106
Fuel piping 2104
Interlocks 2105
Location 2103
Operation and maintenance 2107
INERT GAS 1601.1, 2006.4, 2211.8.2, 3005.8, 3403.6.3.1, 3405.2.2
Defined 202
INHABITED BUILDING
Defined 3302.1
INITIATING DEVICE
Defined 902.1
INSECTICIDAL FOGGING (see FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING)
INSPECTION 104.6.2, 105.2.2, 106, 107.2.1, 901.6
Emergency and standby power system 604.3.1, 604.4
Fire department connections 912.6
Fire hydrant 508.5.2
Fireworks display 3308.5.3, 3308.9
Hose 2609.7
Magazines 3304.9
Masonry chimneys 603.6.1
Tents 2403.7
INSTITUTIONAL OCCUPANCIES
Defined 202
INTERIOR FINISH Chapter 8
Defined 202
INTERIOR FLOOR-WALL BASE 804.3
Defined 802.1
INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH 803.8.4
Defined 202
INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH AND TRIM 803,804
INVESTIGATIONS, FIRE IRRITANT 104.10
Defined 202
ISO-BUTANE (see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS)
JURISDICTION
Defined 502.1
KETTLES (see ORGANIC COATING or ASPHALT (TAR) KETTLES)
KEY BOX 506
Defined 502.1
Maintenance 506.2
Required 506.1
LABELED
Defined 202
LADDERS 1015.3, 1015.4, 1015.6.1, 1021.1.3, 1029.5.2, 3404.1.8.15, 4604.16.6
LAUNDRY CARTS 317.1
654LEAD-ACID BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY (see BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATIONARY STORAGE)
LEAD-ACID BATTERY SYSTEM, VALVE-REGULATED (see BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATIONARY STORAGE)
LEAKS
Compressed gases 3003.12
Cryogenic fluids 3203.10
Explosive materials 3304.10
Flammable and combustible liquids 1106.11.1, 1405.6, 2205.2.3, 2206.7.7.1, 3403.3, 3403.6.3.1, 3404.2.7.10, 3404.2.11.5, 3406.6.1.1
Highly toxic and toxic materials 3704.2.2.3, 3704.2.2.4, 3704.3.2.2
LIABILITY 103.4
LIMITED SPRAYING SPACE
Defined 1502.1
LINEN CHUTES 903.2.11.2
LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG)
Defined 2202.1
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LP-gas) Chapter 38
Container defined 3802.1
Containers not in service 3810
Cooking devices 308.3.1.1
Defined 3802.1
Dispensing and overfilling 3806
Fire protection 3808
Installation of equipment 3803
Location of containers 3804, Table 3804.3
Motor fuel-dispensing facilities 2207
Parking and garaging 3811
Prohibited use 3805
Storage 3809
LIQUID
Defined 2702.1
LIQUID-OR GAS-FUELED VEHICLES 314.4, 2404.18
Permit 105.6.26
LIQUID LEVEL LIMIT CONTROL 2703.2.7, 2705.1.4.1, 2705.1.4.2
LIQUID OXYGEN AMBULATORY CONTAINER 4006.3.1, 4006.3.5, 4006.3.6.1
Defined 4002.1
LIQUID OXYGEN HOME CARE CONTAINER 4006.3
Defined 4002.1
LIQUID OXYGEN IN HOME HEALTH CARE 4006
LIQUID STORAGE ROOM 3404.3.7
Defined 3402.1
LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE 3404.3.8
Defined 3402.1
LISTED
Defined 202
LOADING RACKS 3406.3.8, 3406.5.1.12
LOCKDOWN
Defined 402.1
Plans 404.3.3
LONGITUDINAL FLUE SPACE
Defined 2302.1
LOT
Defined 202
LOT LINE
Defined 202
LOW-PRESSURE TANK
Defined 3202.1
LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL)
Defined 2702.1
LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL)
Defined 2702.1
LP-GAS (see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS)
LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING FACILITIES Chapter 19
Access plan 1903.7
Emergency plan 1908.10
Fire alarms 1904.1
Fire protection 1904
General 1903
Log storage areas 1906
Open yards 1903.1
Permit 105.6.25
Size of piles 1907.2, 1908.3
Waste removal 1903.3
LUMINOUS EGRESS PATH MARKINGS 1024
MAGAZINE
Defined 3302.1
MAGNESIUM
Defined 3602.1
Storage 3606.2, 3606.3, 3606.4
Use 3606.5
MALL (see COVERED MALL BUILDING)
MANIFOLDS
Cylinders 2609.4
Identification 2609.5
piping 2609
MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX 907.5.2
Defined 902.1
655MANUAL STOCKING METHODS
Defined 2302.1
MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS Chapter 20
MARINAS Chapter 45
MARINE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY 2210
Defined 2201.2
Fire protection 2210.6
Fueling 2210.4
General 2210.1
Nozzles 2210.3.3
MARKING (see also PLACARDS; PLACARDING) 503.3, 909.14, 2703.5.1
Compressed gas 3003.2
Cryogenic containers 3203.4
Shaftway 507.2
Tank 3406.2.2
Warnings 2703.8.7.2
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) 2703.4
Aerosols 2801.3
Defined 2702.1
MATTRESSES (in Groups I and R) 805
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA Tables 2703.1.1(1) through 2703.1.1(4), 2703.11
Defined 2702.2
MEANS OF EGRESS Chapter 10, 1411, 2403.12
Accessible means of egress 1007
Assembly 1028
Bleachers 1028.1.1
Buildings under construction or demolition 1411
Corridors 1018, 4604.17
Defined 1002.1
Egress court 1002.1, 1027.5
Elevators, escalators and moving walks 1003.7, 4604.2
Emergency escape and rescue 1029
Existing buildings 4604
Exit access 1014
Exit discharge 1027
Exits 1005
Guards 1013, 4604.6
Handrails 1009.10, 1010.8, 1012, 1028.13
Illumination 1006
Locks, latches 1008.1.8
Maintenance of 1030
Obscuration of 316.4
Occupancies 1004.9
Ramps 1010
Signs 1011
Stairways 1009
MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION (see REFRIGERATION SYSTEM)
MECHANICAL STOCKING METHODS
Defined 2302.1
MEDICAL GAS SYSTEMS 3006
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
Defined 2402.1
MENTAL HOSPITAL (see HOSPITALS AND MENTAL HOSPITAL)
MERCHANDISE PAD 1014.4.2
Defined 1002
METAL HYDRIDE AND METAL HYDRIDE STORAGE SYSTEMS 3507
Defined 3502.1
METERS, GAS 603.9
MEZZANINE 1004.6
Defined 202
MILLS
Composite board 1905
Plywood 1905
Process 2006
Veneer 1905
MIRRORS 1028.5
MOBILE FUELING 3406.5.4.5
Defined 3402.1
MODIFICATIONS (of code requirements) 104.8
MORTAR
Defined 3302.1
MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION ROOMS AND FILM 306
Film Storage 306.2
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES (see also by type of fuel) Chapter 22
MOTORIZED EQUIPMENT 1416
MULTIPLE-STATION ALARM DEVICE
Defined 902.1
MULTIPLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM 907.2.11, 4603.7
Defined 902.1
NESTING
Defined 3002.1
NET EXPLOSIVE WEIGHT
Defined 3302.1
NITROCELLULOSE 2008.1, 2009.4
NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (NTP)
Defined 2702.1
NOSING
Defined 1002.1
NOTICE OF VIOLATION 109.2
656NOZZLES
Fuel delivery 2206.7.6
Fuel transfer 1106.3.3
Marine craft 2210.3.3
NUISANCE ALARM
Defined 902.1
NURSING HOME (Occupancy Group I-2)
Defined 202
OBSTRUCTIONS TO SPRINKLER DISCHARGE315.2.1, 903.3.3
OCCUPANCY, CHANGE OF (see CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY
OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION
Defined 202
Assembly Group A
Defined 202
Business Group B
Defined 202
Educational Group E
Defined 202
Factory Industrial Group F
Defined 202
High-hazard Group H
Defined 202
Institutional Group I
Defined 202
Mercantile Group M
Defined 202
Miscellaneous Group U
Defined 202
Residential Group R
Defined 202
Storage Group S
Defined 202
OCCUPANT LOAD
Defined 1002.1
OIL-BURNING EQUIPMENT (see FUEL-FIRED APPLIANCES)
OPEN BURNING 307
Defined 302.1
Permit 105.6.30, 307.2
Precautions in tire storage areas 2504.1
OPEN FLAMES 308, 806.4, 1104.6, 2003.6, 2703.702, 3304.7.2, 3406.2.1
Devices 308.1.6
Group A occupancies 308.3
Permit 105.6.31, 105.6.32, 308.2
OPEN MALL AND OPEN MALL BUILDING (see COVERED MALL BUILDING)
Defined 202
OPEN PARKING GARAGE
Defined 202
OPEN SYSTEM
Defined 202
OPERATING BUILDING
Defined 3302.1
Separation distances 3305.3
OPERATING PRESSURE
Defined 202
ORDERS AND NOTICES 109.2.2
ORGANIC COATING Chapter 20
Defined 2002.1
Electrical equipment and protection 2004
General 2003
Kettles 2006
Manufacture Chapter 20
Permit 105.6.33
Process structures 2005
ORGANIC PEROXIDE 1508, Chapter 39
Defined 3902.1
Indoor storage 3904.1
Outdoor storage 3904.2, Table 3904.1.2, Table 3904.2.4
Requirements 3903
Use 3905
OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA
Defined 2702.1
Hazardous materials 2703.12
OUTPATIENT CLINIC (Occupancy Group B)
Defined 202
OVENS (see INDUSTRIAL OVENS)
OVERCROWDING
Defined 202
Prohibited 107.6
OVERFILL PREVENTION AND PROTECTION 1106.18, 2206.2.3, 3204.4.7, 3404.2.7.5.8, 3404.2.8.18, 3404.2.9.7.6, 3404.2.11.4, 3406.4.6, 3406.6.1.5, 3406.8.3, 3406.8.5, 3806.2
OWNER
Defined 202
OXIDIZERS Chapter 40
Defined 4002.1
Indoor storage 4004.1
Outdoor storage 4004.2
Requirements 4003
Use 4005
657OXIDIZING CRYOGENIC FLUID
Defined 4002.1
OXIDIZING GAS
Defined 4002.1
OXYGEN IN HOME HEALTH CARE 4006
OZONE-GAS GENERATOR 3705
Automatic shutdown 3705.5
Defined 3702.1
Location 3705.3
Manual shutdown 3705.6
PALLETS, IDLE COMBUSTIBLE 3404.3.3.9
PANIC HARDWARE 1008.1.9
Defined 1002.1
PARKING AND GARAGING 3406.2.1, 3811.2.1
PASS-THROUGH
Defined 1802.1
PATIO HEATERS (see PORTABLE OUTDOOR GAS-FIRED HEATING APPLIANCES)
PENTHOUSE
Defined 202
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
Defined 2702.1
PERMITS 105
Defined 202
PERSON
Defined 202
PERSONAL CARE SERVICE
Defined 202
PESTICIDE
Defined 2702.1
PHYSICAL HAZARD
Defined 2702.1
PIPELINES 3406.1
PIPING, VALVES AND FITTINGS 3406.4.7.6, 3705.4
Design 2007.1
Protection and security 2404.16.3
Protection from vehicles 2703.9.3
PLACARDS; PLACARDING (see also SIGNS)
Cryogenic fluid containers 3203.4.2
Explosives 3304.6.5, 3304.6.5.2
Flammable and combustible liquid tanks 3403.5.3, 3404.2.3.2
Vacant buildings 311.5
PLANS (see also CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS)
Diagrams 408.4.1
Evacuation 404.3.1
Facility closure 407.7
Fire safety 404.3.2
Hazardous materials management 3305.2.1
Lockdown 404.3.3
Maintenance 3305.2.2
Prefire 1408.2
Specifications 2208.8.1.2.1
Storage 3404.4.1
PLASTICS
Cellulose nitrate Chapter 42
Classifications of 2303.7
Foam 803.7, 804.2, 807.4.2.1, 808.2
Manufacturing of glass-fiber-reinforced 1511
Pyroxylin 105.6.37, 903.2.5.3, Chapter 42, 4603.4.1
PLOSOPHORIC MATERIAL
Defined 3302.1
PLYWOOD AND VENEER MILLS
Defined 1902.1
Fire alarm system 907.2.17, 1904.1
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS (see FIRE EXTINGUISHERS, PORTABLE)
PORTABLE OUTDOOR FIREPLACES 302.1, 307.4.3, 307.5
PORTABLE OUTDOOR GAS-FIRED HEATING APPLIANCES 603.4.2
PORTABLE TANKS
Defined 2702.1
Design, construction and capacity 3404.3.1
Empty 3404.3.3.4
Flammable liquids 2206.2.5
Flow rate 3704.2.2.7.5, Table 3704.2.2.7.5
Indoor storage 3404.3.3
Local exhaust 3704.2.2.4, 3704.3.2.3
Outdoor storage 3404.4, Table 3404.4, 3704.3.4
Piles 3404.3.3.10, 3404.3.7.2.3
POWDER COATING 1506
POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS 309
Battery charging 3009.2
Defined 302.1
Fire extinguishers 309.4
Refueling 309.5
Repairs 309.6
Ventilation 309.3
PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE 1404, 1405.4, 2504
PREMISES IDENTIFICATION 505
PRESSURE VESSEL
Defined 2702.1
PRIMARY CONTAINMENT
Defined 202
PRIMARY TANK
Defined 3402.1
658PROCESS
Piping 2007
Raw materials 2008, 2009
PROCESS TRANSFER
Defined 3402.1
Operations 3406.5
PROPANE (see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS)
PROPELLANT
Defined 2802.1
PROPYLENE (see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS)
PROXIMATE AUDIENCE
Defined 3302.1
Displays 3308.2.2
PUBLIC ASSEMBLAGES AND EVENTS 403
PUBLIC WAY1024.6
Defined 1002.1
PYROPHORIC
Defined 4102.1
Indoor storage 4104.1
Materials Chapter 41
Outdoor storage 4104.2
Requirements 4103
Use 4105
PYROTECHNIC ARTICLE
Defined 3302.1
PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION
Defined 3302.1
PYROTECHINIC SPECIAL EFFECT
Defined 3302.1
PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECTS MATERIAL
Defined 3302.1
Permit 105.6.36
PYROTECHNICS
Defined 3302.1
PYROXYLIN (CELLULOSE NITRATE) PLASTICS
Decorative materials 807.3
Fire protection 903.2.5.3, 4204.2, 4603.4.1
Raw material 4204.1
Requirements 4203
Storage and handling 4204
QUICK-RESPONSE SPRINKLERS (see AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS)
RACK STORAGE 2308, 2804.4.3, 3404.3.3.6
RAILWAY
Defined 3302.1
RAMP 1010, 1026
Defined 1002.1
RAW PRODUCT
Defined 1902.1
Storage and processing 1908
READY BOX
Defined 3302.1
RECALL, FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM COMPONENT 901.9
RECORD DRAWINGS
Defined 902.1
RECORDS 104.6, 104.6.3, 107.2.1, 405.5, 604.3.2, 606.15, 901.6.2, 1106.5.3.2.2, 2310.1, 2603.5, 2703.3.1.1, 3303
RECREATIONAL FIRE 307.4.2
Defined 302.1
RECYCLING FACILITIES 1908.1
REDUCED FLOW VALVE
Defined 3702.1
REFERENCED STANDARDS 102.6 Chapter 45
REFINERY
Defined 3402.1
Petroleum 3406.7
REFRIGERANT 606.2
Classification 606.3
Defined 602.1
Detector 606.8
Discharge 606.12
Storage 606.11
Type 606.4
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM 606.9.1
Defined 602.1
REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL
Defined 202
RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL 2703.3
REMOTE EMERGENCY SHUTOFF DEVICE
Defined 3402.1
Use of 3406.54.5
REMOTE SOLVENT RESERVOIR
Defined 3402.1
REPAIR GARAGE 2211
Defined 2202.1
Gas detection system 2211.7.2
Sources of ignition 2211.3
Sprinkles required 903.2.9.1
Ventilation 2211.4.3
REPORTING
Aviation facilities fire extinguisher use 1105.8
Emergencies 401.1
Fire 1409
Fire alarm 1409
Leak 3404.2.7.10
Record keeping 3303
659Research reports 104.9.1
RESIDENTIAL CARE/ASSISTED LIVING FACILITY (Occupany Group R-4)
Defined 202
RESIN APPLICATION AREA
Defined 1502.1
RESPONSE PROCEDURES 406
RESPONSIBLE PERSON
Defined 2602.1
RETAIL DISPLAY AREA (for aerosols)
Defined 2802.1
Manufacturing facilities 2807.1
Maximum quantities 2806.2, Table 2806.2, Table 2806.3
REVOCATION OF PERMITS 105.5
RIGHT OF ENTRY 104.3
ROADWAYS, ACCESS FOR FIRE APPARATUS (See FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD)
ROCKETS AND ROCKETRY 3301.1.4
ROLL COATING
Defined 1502.1
ROOF VENTS 910, 1016.2
ROOFING OPERATION SAFEGUARDS 1417
ROOFS
Sateguarding operations 1417
Stairway access 504.3, 1009.11, 1009.13
RUBBISH (TRASH)
Chutes, automatic sprinkler protection 903.2.11.2
Containers 304.3
Defined 202
RULES 3303.7, 3305.6.6
SAFETY CAN 2703.9.10
Defined 2702.1
SCISSOR STAIR
Defined 1002.1
Use of 1015.2.1
SEAT STABILITY 1028.12
SEATING FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC 1025.1.1
Defined 1002.1
SEATING, STABILITY 1025.12
SECONDARY CONTAINMENT
Above-ground tanks 2206.5
Defined 2702.1
Hazardous materials 2704.2, 2704.2.2, 2705.1.3, 2705.2.1.4, 2705.2.2.5, 2705.3.5, 2705.3.7
Indoor storage 2704.2.2.3
Outdoor storage 2704.2.2.4
Type II dry cleaning systems 1207.2.3
Underground tanks 2703.2.4.1
SECURITY DEVICES 316.4
SEGREGATED
Defined 2702.1
SELF-CLOSING
Defined 202
SELF-SERVICE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY 2204
Defined 2201.2
SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY Chapter 18
Automatic sprinkler system 1803.10
Defined 1802.1
Emergency alarm system 1803.12
Emergency power 604.2.8, 1803.15
General 1803
Manual fire alarm system 1803.11
Permit 105.6.21
Quantity limits Table 1804.2.1
Storage 1804
Transportation and handling 1805.3
Use and handling 1805
SERVICE CORRIDOR 1803.3.8, 1803.9, 1803.12.1.1, 1805.3.3
Defined 1802.1
SERVICE UTILITIES 112
SHAFTS 704,4603.3
SHAFTWAY MARKINGS 316.2
SHELF STORAGE 2307
Defined 2302.1
Specialty storage 2310
SIGNS (see also PLACARDS; PLACARDING)
Access roads 3304.6.5.1
Alarms and warning 904.3.4, 1607, 1703.3.1, 2205.6, 2210.5.5.1, 3403.5.1
Electrical rooms 605.3.1
Electrostatic apparatus 1507.5.2
Emergency 606.7, 607.2
Exit 604.2.3, 1011, 2403.12.6
Fire alarm boxes 907.5.2.4
Fire department connection 912.4
Fire protection equipment rooms 509.1
Fire-resistance-rated construction 703.2.1
Foam plastic 808.2
Hazardous identification 2703.5, 2703.6, 2703.11.3.10, 3203.4.1
Illumination 1011.2
Lead-acid battery systems 608.6
Marking 503.3
No smoking 310.3, 2208.8.1.2.6, 2305.3, 2703.7.1, 3404.2.3.1
Placards 311.5, 3304.6.5
660Removal 310.4
Stairway exit 1011.3, 1011.4
Storage tanks 3404.2.3, 3406.3.7
Street or road 505.2
Tampering with 109.2.4
Vacant buildings 311.5
Welding 1503.2.7
SINGLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM 907.2.11, 4603.2
Defined 902.1
SITE
Defined 202
SITE-FABRICATED STRETCH SYSTEMS 803.9
Defined 802.1
SLEEPING UNIT
Defined 902.1
SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION
Defined 3302.1
SMALL ARMS PRIMERS
Defined 3302.1
Group M 3306.5.1.3
Group R-3 3306.4.2
Storage 3306.5.2.3
SMOKE ALARM 907.2.11, 4603.2
Defined 902.1
SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS 910, 2306.7
SMOKE BARRIERS
Construction 909.5
Defined 202
Maintenance 703.1.2
Opening protectives in 703.2, 909.5.2
Pressure differential 909.18.6
SMOKE COMPARTMENT
Defined 202
SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS 909
SMOKE DAMPER
Defined 202
SMOKE DETECTOR 927.2, 13.1, 907.2.18.1, 907.4.1
Defined 902.1
SMOKE-DEVELOPED INDEX
Defined 1002.1
SMOKE PARTITIONS 703.1.2
SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING 1028.6.2
Defined 1002.1
SMOKE REMOVAL
SMOKELESS PROPEALLANTS
Defined 3302.1
General 3306
Storage and handling 3304
SMOKEPROOF ENCLOSURE
Defined 202
SMOKING 310, 1103.2, 1106.3.8, 1404.1, 1503.2.6, 1903.5.3, 2210.5.5.1, 2504.3, 2703.7.1, 3404.2.3.1, 3406.6.1.9
Signs 310.3
SOLID
Defined 2702.1
SOLID SHELVING
Defined 2302.1
Fire Protection 2308.2.2.1
Racks 2308.2.2
SOLVENT DISTILLATION UNIT
Defined 1202.1
SOLVENT OR LIQUID CLASSIFICATIONS, DRY CLEANING
Defined 1202.1
SPACE HEATERS 605.10, 1403
SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUILDING
Defined 202
Fire alarm system 907.2.12, 914.7.2
Permit 105.6.2
Sprinklers Table 903.2.11.6, 914.7.1
SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE
Defined 3302.1
SPILL CONTROL
Carts and trucks 2703.10.3.4
Dry cleaning 1207.2.3
Flammable and combustible liquids 3403.4, 3404.3.7.3, 3404.3.8.2, 3404.4.3, 3405.3.7.5.3, 3405.3.7.6.3, 3405.3.8.1,3406.2.6, 3406.5.1.5
Hazardous materials 2704.2, 2705.1.3, 2705.2.1.3, 2705.2.2.4, 2705.3.4, 2705.3.6
Lead-acid battery systems 608.5
Service stations and repair garages 2205.3
SPILLS 1104.4, 1405.6, 2009.4.2, 2210.5.2, 2404, 18.5.3
SPONTANEOUS IGNITION HAZARDS 304.3.1, 305.2, 1404.4
SPRAY BOOTH
Areas adjacent to 1503.2.1.3
Construction 1504.3.2.1
Defined 1502.1
Ventilation 1504
SPRAY FINISHING 1504
SPRAY ROOM
Construction 1504.3.1
Defined 1502.1
661Ventilation 1503.3.5.2
SPRAYING SPACE
Defined 1502.1
STAGES, FIRE PROTECTION FOR 905.3.4, 914.6
STAIR
Defined 1002.1
STAIRWAY 1009
Defined 1002.1
Identification 1022.7, 1022.8, 4604.18, 4604.21
STAIRWAY, EXTERIOR 1026
Defined 1002.1
STAIRWAY, INTERIOR 1009
Defined 1002.1
STAIRWAY, SPIRAL
Defined 1002.1
STANDBY PERSONNEL (see also FIRE WATCH) 2404.20
STANDBY POWER SYSTEM 604, 2705.1.5
STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASSES OF
Defined 902.1
STANDPIPE, TYPES OF
Defined 902.1
STANDPIPES 905
Building under construction/demolition 1413
STATIC PILES
Defined 1902.1
Protection 1908.6
STATIC PROTECTION 3406.5.1.7
STATIONARY LEAD-ACID BATTERY SYSTEMS (see BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY LEAD-ACID)
STEEL
Defined 202
STILLS, DRY CLEANING 1204.2.4, 1207.1
STORAGE
Aerosol, inside 2804
Attics 315.2.4
Automated 2309
Baled combustible fibers 2905
Boiler rooms 315.2.3
Calcium carbide 2607.1
Combustible materials, miscellaneous 315
Compressed gas 3004
Concealed spaces 315.2.4
Corrosive materials 3104
Cryogenic fluids 3204
Cylinder and container 2605.2
Detached structure 2904.6
Electrical rooms 315.2.3
Exterior, finished lumber 1909
Flammable gases 3504
Flammable solids 3604
Foam 3404.2.9.2.2.1
Fuel oil 603.3
Hazardous materials definition 2702.1, 2704
High-piled combustible Chapter 23
Hogged material 1907, 1908
In buildings 315.2
Log areas 1906
Loose combustible fibers 2904
LP-gas 3809
Means of egress 315.2.2, 1030.3
Mechanical refrigeration rooms 606.10
Mechanical rooms 315.2.3
Nitrocellulose 2009.4
Organic peroxide 2009.5, 3904
Outside 315.3
Oxidizers 4004
Pyrophoric materials 4104
Pyroxylin (cellulose nitrate) plastics 4204
Rack 2308
Semiconductor fabrication facilities 1804
Solid-piled and shelf 2307
Specialty 2310
Tank 2009.2
Tire 2505, 2509
Under floors 315.2.4
Under high-voltage transmission lines 315.4
Unstable (reactive) materials 4304
Water-reactive solids and liquids 4404
Wood chips 1907, 1908
STORAGE BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATIONARY 608
Permit 608
Room design 608.3
Signs 608.6
Ventilation 608.5
STORY
Defined 202
STORY ABOVE-GRADE PLANE
Defined 202
STRAW 2404.5, 2903.4
Waste material 304.1.1
SUMPS 3406.3.3
SUPERVISING STATION 905.9
Defined 902.1
SUPERVISION 903.4, 905.9, 913.4
SUPERVISORY SERVICE
Defined 902.1
SUPERVISORY SIGNAL 905.9
Defined 902.1
SUPERVISORY SIGNAL-INITIATING DEVICE
Defined 902.1
662SYSTEM
Defined 2702.1
TANK
Abandonment 3404.2.13, 3404.2.13.1.4
Above-ground 2206.2.2, 2206.2.3, 2206.2.4, 2703.2.4.2, 3104.2.1, 3404.2.7.3.5.1, 3404.2.9, 3404.2.13.2
Anchoring 3404.2.8.5
Capacity 2205.1.2
Compressed gas 3003.1, 3003.4.2
Construction 3404.2.9.6.1
Defective 2703.2.6.2
Defined 202
Design and construction 2703.2.1, 3404.2.7, 3404.2.9.6.1
Diking 3404.2.10.2
Discharge 3404.2.7.5.5.2
Dispensing 3406.2.8, 3406.5.4
Drainage control 2206.5
Empty 2703.2.5, 3404.3.3.4, 3404.4.8
Filling operations 2205.1, 3406.6.1.10
Inside buildings 2206.2.2, 3404.2.9.5
Installation 2703.2.4, 3404.2.7
Lining 3404.2.7.11
Low pressure 3202.1
Maintenance 2003.9
Manifolding 3404.2.7.3.5
Marking 3406.2.2
Openings 2206.6.2.1, 3404.2.7.5, 3404.2.9.10
Out of service 2703.2.6.1, 3404.2.13.1.1
Outside buildings 3404.2.9.5
Overfill protection 3404.2.7.5.8, 3404.2.9.7.6, 3404.2.11.4, 3406.6.1.5, 3406.8.3, 3406.8.5
Permanent and temporary 3406.2.4
Piping 2206.6.3
Piping, valves and fittings 2206.6.2
Portable 2206.2.5, 3404.3
Preparation for fueling 2210.5.6
Pressure 1509.3, 3404.2.7.2
Primary 3402.1
Removal 3404.2.14
Repair, alteration or reconstruction 3404.2.7.6
Security 2206.3
Solvent storage 1207.3
Stationary 3704.2.2.7.4
Storage 2009.2, 3404, 3406.3.2.1, 3406.3.5
Testing 3404.2.12
Underground 2206.2.1, 2703.2.4.1, 3404.2.7.3.5.2, 3404.2.11, 3404.2.13.1
Vaults 2206.2.4, 3404.2.8
Vehicle 2009.3, 3406.5.1.15, 3406.5.1.16, 3406.6
Venting 3404.2.7.3, 3404.2.7.3.6, 3406.2.4.2
Water 508.2.2, 508.5.3
TANK, ATMOSPHERIC
Defined 2702.1
TANK CARS (see also BULK TRANSFER) 3406.5.1
Loading racks or stations 2009.3, 3406.5.1.12
Use as storage tank 3404.2.2
TANK, PORTABLE
Defined 2702.1
TANK, PRIMARY
Defined 3402.1
TANK, PROTECTED ABOVE-GROUND
Defined 202
TANK, STATIONARY
Defined 2702.1
TANK VEHICLE 2004.3.2, 3406.5.1.16.1, 3406.6
Aircraft fuel-servicing 1105.4
Certification 3406.5.1.15
Construction 2703.2.1
Defined 2702.1
Dispensing 3406.2.8, 3406.5.4
Fire protection 3406.6.4
Garaging 3406.6.1, 3811.3
Loading racks or stations 2009.3
Operation 3406.6.1
Parking 3406.6.3, 3811
Smoking 3406.6.1.9
Stability 3406.5.1.16
Use as storage tank 3404.2.2
TAR KETTLE [see ASPHALT (TAR) KETTLES]
TEMPORARY HEATING EQUIPMENT 605.10, 1403
TEMPORARY WIRING 605.9, 1404.7
TENANT SPACES, VACANT (see VACANT PREMISES)
TENTS AND OTHER MEMBRANE STRUCTURES Chapter 24
Access 2403.8.1
Air-inflated structure 2402.1
Air-supported structure 2402.1, 2403.10
Approval 2403.2
Crowd managers 2404.20.2
Defined 2402.1
Fire safety requirements 2404.2
663Generators 2404.19
Heating and cooking equipment 2404.15
Location 2403.8.3
LP-gas 2404.16
Means of egress 2403.12
Occupant load 2404.14
On buildings 2403.8.4
Permit 105.6.43
Portable fire extinguisher 2404.8.12
Seating 2403.11
Structural stability 2403.9
Waste 2404.22
TESTING, ACCEPTANCE (see ACCEPTANCE TESTING)
THEFT RESISTANT
Defined 3302.1
THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING Chapter 17
Defined 1702.1
Fire safety requirements 1703
TIMBER AND LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES 1907
Defined 1902.1
TIRE REBUILDING2503
Precautions against fire 2504
TIRE STORAGE Chapter 25
Access 2506
Fencing 2507
Indoor 2509
Outdoor 2505
Precautions against fire 2504
TIRES, BULK STORAGE OF
Defined 902.1
TOOL
Defined 1802.1
TORCH-APPLIED ROOF SYSTEM
Defined 2602.1
TORCHES 308.4
Permit 105.6.31
TOWNHOUSE
Defined 202
TOXIC
Defined 3702.1
Materials Chapter 37
TRAINING, EMPLOYEE EMERGENCY 406
TRANSIENT
Defined 202
TRANSIENT AIRCRAFT
Defined 902.1
TRANSPORTATION
Hazardous materials 1805.3, 2703.10
LP-gas 3801.1
TRANSVERSE FLUE SPACE
Defined 2302.1
TRASH (see RUBBISH)
TRAVEL DISTANCE, EXIT ACCESS 1016
TREATMENT SYSTEMS 606.12.4, 1803.14.3, 3703.1.3, 3703.2.3.2, 3704.2.2.7, 3704.3.2.5
TROUBLE SIGNAL
Defined 902.1
TUBE TRAILERS 3003.7.11
Defined 3002.1
TURNSTILES 1008.3
UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE 2703.3.1, 3406.2.6
Defined 2702.1
UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS 404.2, 604.2.16, 905.3.5, 907.2.18, 907.2.19, 914.5
UNLAWFUL ACTS 109.1
UNSAFE HEATING APPLIANCES 603.7
UNSAFE BUILDINGS (see BUILDING)
UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIAL Chapter 43
Defined 4302.1
Indoor storage 4304.1
Outdoor storage 4304.2
Requirements 4303
Use 4305.1
UNVENTED HEATERS 603.4
UNWANTED FIRE
Defined 202
Reporting 401.3, 1409
UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE (see FURNITURE, UPHOLSTERED)
USE, CHANGE OF (see CHANGE OF USE) USE
USE (MATERIAL)
Defined 2702.1
VACANT PREMISES 311
Abandoned 311.1.1
Fire protection systems 311.2.2
Placarding 311.5
Removal of hazardous materials 311.4
Safeguarding 311.2
Tenant spaces 311.1.2
Waste removal 311.3
VAPOR AREA, FLAMMABLE
Defined 1502.1
VAPOR BALANCE SYSTEM 2206.7.9.1
664VAPOR PRESSURE
Defined 2702.1
VAPOR-PROCESSING SYSTEM 2206.7.9.2, 3406.8
VAPOR-RECOVERY SYSTEM 2206.7.9, 3406.8
VEHICLE IMPACT PROTECTION (see IMPACT PROTECTION, VEHICLE)
VEHICLES 314.4
Compressed natural gas powered 2208
Gas-fueled 2404.18
Industrial 3803.2.2
LP-gas powered 2207
Liquid-fueled 2404.18
Overfilling 2207.7
Storage 313.1
Tank 2009.3, 3406.5.1.15, 3406.5.1.16, 3406.6
VENTILATION
Battery systems 608.6
Defined 202
Dry cleaning 1204.2.1, 1205.2.3, 1206.3.3
Electrostatic equipment 1506.7
Exhaust 1803.14, 1803.15.2
Floor surfacing 1510.5
Hazardous materials 2703.8.4.2, 2703.8.5.2, 2703.8.6.2, 2705.2.1.1, 2705.2.2.2
Indoor dispensing 2705.1.9
Indoor storage areas 2704.3
Industrial ovens 2103.1
Mechanical ventilation for reinforced plastics manufacturing 1511.5
Powered industrial trucks 309.3
Process structures 2005.5
Refrigeration machinery room 606.13
Repair garages 2211.4.3, 2211.7.1
Spray finishing 1504.1.4.3, 1504.2, 1504.2.4, 1504.6.3, 1506.10
VENTS, SMOKE AND HEAT (see SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS)
VIOLATION PENALTIES 109.3
VISIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE 907.6.2.3
Defined 902.1
WAREHOUSE
Aerosol 2802.1, 2804.3.2, Table 2804.3.2, 2804.4
Liquid 2804.6, Table 3404.3.6(2), Table 3404.3.6(3), 3404.3.8, 3404.3.8.5
WARRANTS 104.3.1
WASTE MATERIALS, COMBUSTIBLE 105.6.45, 304, 1404.2
WASTEBASKETS AND WASTE CONTAINERS 304.3, 808.1
WATCH, FIRE (see FIRE WATCH)
WATER-REACTIVE MATERIAL Chapter 44
Defined 4402.1
Indoor storage 4404.1
Outdoor storage 4404.2
Requirements 4403
Use 4405
WATER SUPPLY
Buildings under construction or demolition, standpipes 1413
Fire protection 507, 1412
Required 507.1
Secondary 903.3.5.2
Sprinklers 903.3.5
Standpipes 1413
Test 507.4
WEATHER PROTECTION 2704.13, 2705.3.9, 3308.5.2, 3308.5.2, 3404.4.7, 3405.3.8.4, 3406.5.1.2, 3703.2.5, 3704.3.3, 4104.2.2, 4105.2
WELDING AND OTHER HOT WORK Chapter 26
Cutting 2605
Electric are 2606
Gas 2605
Permit 105.6.11
Requirements 2603, 2604
Tire storage yards 2504.2
Warning signs in flammable finish operations 1503.2.7
WELL DRILLING 3406.3
WET-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT 904.5
Defined 902.1
WET FUELING (see MOBILE FUELING)
WET HOSING (see MOBILE FUELING)
WHARVES 2210.3.1, 2210.5.5, 3406.4.7
WILDFIRE RISK AREA 308.1.6, 308.2
Defined 202
WINDOW WELLS 1029.5
WINDOWLESS STORIES OR AREAS 903.2.11.1, 4604.5
WIRELESS PROTECTION SYSTEM 907.7.1
Defined 902.1
WIRING, ELECTRICAL
Hazards 605
WOODCHIPS 1907, 1908
665WOODWORKING FACILITIES (see LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING FACILITIES) 903.2.3.1
WORKSTATION
Defined 1802.1
YARD
Defined 202
ZONE, FIRE ALARM
Defined 902.1
ZONE, NOTIFICATION
Defined 902.1
CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE
(Title 24, Part 9, California Code of Regulations)
For prior code history, see the History Note Appendix to the California Fire Code 2007 Triennial Edition, effective January 1, 2008.